B mn Cng ngh phn mm

KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI

OBJECT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN WITH UML 2.0

Bi 01: Tng quan v XD phn mm

Cc c im ca h thng
u vo (Input) Thnh phn (Component) Phm vi (Boundary)

Giao din (Interface)

Mi trng (Environment) Lin kt (Interrelationship)

u ra (Output)

V d: Quy trnh x l n hng

Kim tra trng thi khch hng

Nhn n hng

Kim tra tn dng khch hng

Hon thnh x l n hng

Nhp thng tin v n hng

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Vng i pht trin h thng

(Systems Development Life Cycle SDLC)
yu cu h thng

Pha 1: Lp k hoch

b/c kh thi

Pha 2: Phn tch h thng

Ti liu c t yu cu

Pha 3: Thit k h thng

Ti liu thit k h thng

Pha 4: Ci t KT HT

H thng ci t

Pha 5: 4 Vn hnh, bo tr

Lp k hoch

Gii quyt cc vn , cu hi

Ti sao phi xy dng HTTT ? Nhm d n pht trin h thng thng tin nh th no? Tm hiu d n c bt u v c nh gi ban u nh th no Xc nh cc vn , c hi, mc tiu Phn tch SWOT (Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat)
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Cc cng vic c th

Phn tch h thng

Gii quyt cc vn , cu hi

Ai s s dng h thng? H thng s thc hin g, khi no, u? Phn tch chin lc: phn tch hin trng, phng php s dng Thu thp yu cu: m hnh ha v phn tch cc yu cu xut m hnh h thng
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Cc cng vic c th

Thit k h thng

Gii quyt cc vn , cu hi

H thng s hot ng nh th no (phn cng, phn mm, mng, giao din ngi dng, modun chng trnh, CSDL, tp, ) Chin lc thc hin Kin trc h thng: phn cng, phn mm, mng Thit k d liu Thit k chng trnh Thit k giao din
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Cc cng vic c th

Ci t h thng

Gii quyt cc vn , cu hi

Lp trnh, kim th Pht trin ng dng: lp trnh, kim th, lp ti liu cho cc modun chng trnh Ci t v nh gi Xy dng k hoch h tr v bo tr h thng

Cc cng vic c th

Phn b chi ph cho cc hot ng

S dng ti nguyn
Thay i ln trong nghip v v cng ngh
Kim th h thng Pht trin h thng Thi gian Cp nht thay i nh

Khi lng ti nguyn s dng

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Mt s phng php pht trin HT

Phng php ~ mt cch thc hin chu trnh pht trin h thng 3 nhm phng php

Cc phng php hng quy trnh

Tp trung nh ngha cc hot ng gn vi h thng M hnh ha cc quy trnh vi lung vo/ra Tp trung nh ngha ni dung d liu lu tr M hnh ha d liu Cn bng gia d liu v quy trnh UML l mt ngn ng m hnh ha

Cc phng php hng d liu

Cc phng php hng i tng

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Mt s kiu pht trin h thng

Phn tch thit k c cu trc

(Structured Design) Chu trnh thc nc Chu trnh tng trng / chu trnh song song

Pht trin nhanh ng dng (Rapid Application Development - RAD)

Chu trnh xon c Lm bn mu

Hng lp trnh ng dng

(Agile Development) eXtreme-Programming based
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M hnh pht trin thc nc

(Waterfall Development Model)

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M hnh pht trin song song

(Parallel Development Model)

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Phng php pht trin nhanh D

Thc hin pht trin tng phn h thng vi mc ch chuyn giao cho ngi dng sm Cn s dng cc k thut v cng c tng tc qu trnh phn tch, thit k v ci t (vd: CASE computer-aided software engineering)

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M hnh pht trin xon c

(Spiral Development Model)

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Lm bn mu
(prototyping-based)

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Phng php pht trin linh hot

(Agile Development)

Tp trung vo bc ca chu trnh pht trin v hn ch vic s dng m hnh ha, xy dng ti liu ca cc bc trung gian Pht trin ng dng n gin, lp i lp li S dng eXtreme Programming (XP)

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eXtreme-Programming -based

Trao i thng tin (communication) n gin (simplicity) Phn hi (feedback) Th mnh (courage)
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c im

Tng tc lin tc Thit k n gin, s dng cc nguyn l v dng thc thit k chung Nhm lm vic: ngi lp trnh, khch hng, ngi qun tr - khch hng trc din

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Cc nhim v phn tch

Phn tch nghip v

Phn tch cc yu cu nghip v v vai tr ca h thng trong vic thc hin cc yu cu nghip v ny a ra cc quy trnh nghip v mi v cc chnh sch

Phn tch h thng

Xc nh cng ngh s dng Thit k cc quy trnh nghip v xut v HTTT theo quy chun
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Phn tch v thit k h thng

Mc ch

Xc nh cc vn , cc c hi, cc mc tiu Phn tch cc dng thng tin vo/ra S dng my tnh x l t ng cc thng tin M hnh ha quy trnh nghip v Xy dng

Yu cu

Bn tm lc nghip v M hnh nghip v Qu trnh nghip v

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Cc phng thc kho st

Phng vn (Interviews) JAD Joint Application Design Bn cu hi (Questionnaires) Phn tch ti liu (Document Analysis) Quan st (Observation)

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Phng vn

Mc ch:

Hiu c nghip v thc hin v kin ca nhng ngi ang thc hin Nm bt c hin trng h thng Nm bt c mc tiu, t chc nhn s v cc yu cu i vi h thng Xc nh mc tiu phng vn & la chn ngi phng vn Thit k cu hi phng vn Chun b cho cuc phng vn Tin hnh phng vn Lp ti liu v nh gi cuc phng vn
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Cc bc c bn

La chn ngi phng vn

Mc tiu ca phng vn

Xc nh cc lnh vc cn tm hiu Lit k cc s kin mun thu thp t c cc tng, cc ngh v cc kin Da trn nhng thng tin cn thu thp C vai tr khc nhau: ngi thc hin trc tip, ngi qun l Bm st c cu t chc
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Chn ngi phng vn

Chin lc t cu hi

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Xc nh v phn tch yu cu

Xc nh h thng phi lm g

yu cu chc nng v yu cu phi chc nng Gi tr thc t Chi ph thc hin Ri ro

3 k thut phn tch yu cu: BPA, BPI v BPR

5 k thut thu thp yu cu

Phng vn, JAD, bn cu hi, xem xt ti liu, quan st

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Cn la chn v phi hp cc k thut ph hp

Vng i pht trin h thng

(Systems Development Life Cycle SDLC)
yu cu h thng

Pha 1: Lp k hoch

b/c kh thi

Pha 2: Phn tch h thng

Ti liu c t yu cu

Pha 3: Thit k h thng

Ti liu thit k h thng

Pha 4: Ci t h thng

H thng ci t

Pha 5: 28 Vn hnh, bo tr

Nhim v c th ca pha PTHT

Xc nh yu cu
Phn tch yu cu

M hnh ha d liu v nghip v

Chuyn sang thit k h thng

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Yu cu l g ?

Gm nhng chc nng h thng phi thc hin Gm nhng c im h thng phi c Tp trung vo nghip v ca ngi dng C th thay i trong qu trnh pht trin h thng (qua cc pha khc nhau)

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Phn loi

Yu cu chc nng (Functional Requirements)

Quy trnh h thng phi thc hin Thng tin h thng phi lu tr v x l

Yu cu phi chc nng (Nonfunctional Requirements)

V vn hnh V hiu nng V an ton bo mt V thi quen, tp tc, cc rng buc,

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5 loi yu cu

Xut (output)
Nhp (input)

Cc qu trnh (process)
Hiu sut (performance) iu khin (control)
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Ti liu ha

Ti liu c t yu cu

Vn bn lit k danh sch cc yu cu Cc c im, tnh cht cn c

Xc nh phm vi h thng

Nhng g thuc h thng Nhng g khng thuc h thng

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Xc nh yu cu

Hiu h thng hin ti Xc nh cc thay i mong mun thc hin Xc nh h thng cn xy dng Pht hin cc yu cu cn c trong h thng mi

Business Process Automation (BPA)

Thch hp vi nhng thay i nh

Business Process Improvement (BPI)

Thch hp vi thay i trung bnh

Thch hp vi thay i ln
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Business Process Reengineering (BPR)

T ng ha quy trnh nghip v (BPA)

Gip hot ng ca ngi dng tr nn hiu qu hn (efficiency)

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Xc nh cc kh nng ci thin h thng hin ti

Phn tch vn

Phng vn ngi dng Xc nh cc vn Tm gii php

Phn tch nguyn nhn

t gi thit v l do vn tn ti Tm hiu cc vn n sau V d

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Ci thin quy trnh nghip v (BPI)

Gip quy trnh x l tr nn hiu qu hn (efficiency & effectiveness)

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Phn tch v thi gian

Tnh ton thi gian cn cho mi bc x l Tnh ton thi gian cn cho ton b quy trnh So snh 2 ch s thi gian chnh lch cng ln th kh nng ci thin cng cao Gii php tim nng

Nhm/tch hp cc bc x l gim s lng cc bc x l trong quy trnh Song song ha thay i quy trnh tng cc bc c th x l song song

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Phn tch v chi ph thc hin

Tnh ton chi ph thc hin mi bc x l Xem xt c chi ph trc tip v chi ph gin tip Tp trung vo vic gim chi ph cho cc bc c chi ph cao

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Benchmarking

Tm hiu cch thc hin cng 1 nghip v ca cc t chc khc nhau

xut cc thay i trong quy trnh nghip v

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Phn tch kt qu

Xem xt nhng kt qu (outcome) mong mun t pha khch hng Xem xt nhng dch v em li cho khch hng

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Phn tch cng ngh

Tm hiu cc cng ngh lin quan Phn tch v kh nng p dng cc cng ngh trong quy trnh nghip v yu cu Phn tch v li ch ca vic p dng cc cng ngh ny trong nghip v yu cu

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Loi b cc x l d tha

Xem xt nh hng ca tng x l i vi h thng

C th loi b mt (bc) x l no khng?

Kim tra cc kh nng c th

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So snh cc k thut

Gi tr thc t (i vi t chc s dng, khai thc) Chi ph d n Mc chi tit ca phn tch Ri ro

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