H THNG KH NN

Mc tiu
Xc nh my nn kh thng dng, u nhc im.
Xc nh cc thng s c bn ca my nn kh.
Xc nh cc vn v gii php TKNL i vi HT
kh nn.
Xc nh my nn kh thng dng, u nhc im.
Xc nh cc thng s c bn ca my nn kh.
Xc nh cc vn v gii php TKNL i vi HT
kh nn.
Ni dung
Tng quan v HT kh nn.
La chn MNK.
p sut lm vic ca MNK.
St p trn mng phn phi.
Nhit khng kh nn.
Tng quan v HT kh nn.
La chn MNK.
p sut lm vic ca MNK.
St p trn mng phn phi.
Nhit khng kh nn.
TNG QUAN
4
H thng kh nn
S h thng kh nn n gin.
Biu Sankey.
Nng
lng
in
t
ngun
100%
Tn
tht
truyn
ti v
phn
phi
8%
Tn
tht
ng
c
in
4%
Tn
tht
truyn
ng
5%
Tn
tht
my
nn
kh
32%
Tn
tht
bnh
tch
kh
5%
Tn
tht
ng
ng v
van
16%
Tn
tht
ng
ng s
dng
20%
Nng
lng
hu ch
10%
Hiu sut kh nn rt thp
S h thng kh nn n gin.
Phn loi
Thng s c bn
T s nn c = P
2
/P
1
1
2
1
1
. . . ( ) 1
1
n
n
n p
N m R T
n p
-
|
= -
|
-

Cng sut N (kW)
Nng sut Q (m
3
tc/s) ( ktc 0
0
C,
1,013bar)
Trong o:
P
1,
P
2
- Ap suat tuyet oi KK ban au va
cuoi qua trnh nen, (Pa)
Trong o:
V - The tch bnh cha (m3)
- Khi lng mt kmol KK ( =29
kg/kmol)
At - Thi gian nen t P
1
en P
2
(s)
T
a
,P
a
- Nhiet o, ap suat tuyet oi KK
ban au trong bnh cha (K), (Pa)
T
b
,P
b
- Nhiet o, ap suat tuyet oi KK
cuoi trong bnh cha (K), (Pa)
|
|

\
|
- =
a
a
b
b
T
P
T
P
R
V
22,4. Q
1
2
1
1
. . . ( ) 1
1
n
n
n p
N m R T
n p
-
|
= -
|
-

Trong o:
R - Hang so rieng cua khong kh (R = 286,7
j/kg.K)
T
1
- Nhiet o tuyet oi KK vao, (K)
m - Lu lng khoi lng KK (kg/s)
n - so mu cua qua trnh nen (ang nhiet n=1,
a bien 1<n<1,4, oan nhiet n=1,4)
Trong o:
V - The tch bnh cha (m3)
- Khi lng mt kmol KK ( =29
kg/kmol)
At - Thi gian nen t P
1
en P
2
(s)
T
a
,P
a
- Nhiet o, ap suat tuyet oi KK
ban au trong bnh cha (K), (Pa)
T
b
,P
b
- Nhiet o, ap suat tuyet oi KK
cuoi trong bnh cha (K), (Pa)
Cc gii php tit kim nng lng
u t: chn my hiu sut cao, chi ph vn hnh thp; s dng
my nn kh nhiu cp c lm mt trung gian.
Lp t: s dng MNK cao p cho h tiu th p cao v MNK thp
p cho h tiu th p thp; ti u ha ng dn (kch thc, chiu
di, ph kin,), t my nn kh vng trung tm ng ng;
bung t my nn thng thong, nhit mi trng khng kh
thp (gim nhit kh np).
S dng: ci t p sut kh nn ph hp nhu cu; vn hnh cm
my hiu sut cao lm ti nn; phn b ph ti hp l; hn ch s
dng kh nn (vd: thay bng in).
Bo dng: m bo quy trnh bo tr bo dng: hn ch r r,
m bo hiu qu gii nhit my nn (a qu trnh nn kh tin
n nn ng nhit (n1))
u t: chn my hiu sut cao, chi ph vn hnh thp; s dng
my nn kh nhiu cp c lm mt trung gian.
Lp t: s dng MNK cao p cho h tiu th p cao v MNK thp
p cho h tiu th p thp; ti u ha ng dn (kch thc, chiu
di, ph kin,), t my nn kh vng trung tm ng ng;
bung t my nn thng thong, nhit mi trng khng kh
thp (gim nhit kh np).
S dng: ci t p sut kh nn ph hp nhu cu; vn hnh cm
my hiu sut cao lm ti nn; phn b ph ti hp l; hn ch s
dng kh nn (vd: thay bng in).
Bo dng: m bo quy trnh bo tr bo dng: hn ch r r,
m bo hiu qu gii nhit my nn (a qu trnh nn kh tin
n nn ng nhit (n1))
LA CHN MY NN KH
9
u nhc im my nn kh
My Piston
Khng c van np, van y .
T s nn cao (c
max
=25)
Hiu sut y ti cao.
Hiu sut lu lng tng theo thi gian
Lu lng u
Nh gn, bn cao (hai vt quay
khng tip xc thn my), vn hnh m
t tn cng bo tr, chi ph vn hnh thp
My Trc vt
Nng sut cao v p sut rt cao
Gi thnh r
D sa cha
Khng c van np, van y .
T s nn cao (c
max
=25)
Hiu sut y ti cao.
Hiu sut lu lng tng theo thi gian
Lu lng u
Nh gn, bn cao (hai vt quay
khng tip xc thn my), vn hnh m
t tn cng bo tr, chi ph vn hnh thp
Nng sut cao v p sut rt cao
Gi thnh r
D sa cha
t tin
Sa cha phc tp
T s nn 1 cp thp (c<10), to
p sut cao cn my nn nhiu cp.
Hiu sut thp
Kch thc ln, nhiu chi tit
n, rung ng cao
Lu lng khng u
My nn kh nhiu cp
MNK 2 cp.
M
KK vao, P1 KK ra, P4
1
2
3
4
P2 P3
Lam mat trung gian
P1
P2=P3
P4
1
a b c
2
3
4
Phan cong nen (N) giam
Ghi chu:
1-a: nen oan nhiet 1-b: nen ang nhiet 1-2-c: nen a bien
1-2: nen a bien 2-3: lam mat ang ap 3-4: nen a bien (1-2-3-4: nen a bien co lam mat trung gian)
P
V
(T1 = T3, T2 = T4)
N ln nhat
N nho nhat
T1 = T3
T2 = T4
11
MNK a cp c lm mt trung gian gip gim cng nn.
Khi t s nn ln nn s dng my nn a cp.
M
KK vao, P1 KK ra, P4
1
2
3
4
P2 P3
Lam mat trung gian
P1
P2=P3
P4
1
a b c
2
3
4
Phan cong nen (N) giam
Ghi chu:
1-a: nen oan nhiet 1-b: nen ang nhiet 1-2-c: nen a bien
1-2: nen a bien 2-3: lam mat ang ap 3-4: nen a bien (1-2-3-4: nen a bien co lam mat trung gian)
P
V
(T1 = T3, T2 = T4)
N ln nhat
N nho nhat
T1 = T3
T2 = T4
Cc phng php iu chnh
nng sut my nn
My piston
Tc ng m van ht
Thay i th tch cht xy lanh
Tng sc cn ng ng ht
X kh t bung nn sang
bung ht/ ra ngoi
ng - tt (on-off) ng c
Thay i vng quay ng
c
My trc vt
Van trt iu phi lu
lng
Tit lu ca ht
Dng ng phn dng
Thay i vng quay
ng c
Tc ng m van ht
Thay i th tch cht xy lanh
Tng sc cn ng ng ht
X kh t bung nn sang
bung ht/ ra ngoi
ng - tt (on-off) ng c
Thay i vng quay ng
c
Van trt iu phi lu
lng
Tit lu ca ht
Dng ng phn dng
Thay i vng quay
ng c
iu chnh nng sut my nn t hiu sut cao
bng b bin tn (VSD)
5
6
7
8
p
sut, bar
p sut gi ti
p sut mang ti
Ch lm
vic hin ti
Ch lm vic
khi gn VSD
Bnh
cha
ng
c
in
VSD
Sensor
p
5
Thi gian
0
10
20
Cng
sut, kW
Thi gian
Cng
sut gi
ti
Cng
sut
mang ti
Nguyn tc:
iu chnh nng sut
bng cch thay i vn
tc ng c in ph hp
lu lng cht lu s
dng ti mi thi im
Bnh
cha
ng
c
in
Kim tra nng sut my nn
|
|

\
|
- =
a
a
b
b
T
P
T
P
R
V
22,4. Q
nh k kim tra nng sut my
gia tng th hin suy gim Q
P SUT LM VIC
15
p sut kh nn v cng sut tiu hao
L do p sut u ra cao hn nhu cu:
p sut
T (bar)
Nhit
(
o
C)
Cng
sut
(kW)
3 98 2.08
4 123 2.73
Ci t t ban u
Ph ti dao ng ln
Ci t li
iu phi ti, tng
dung tch bnh cha
4 123 2.73
5 144 3.26
6 162 3.71
7 178 4.11
(n =1.3)
ng vi 1m3/ph KK u
vo 15.06
oC
, 1.013 bar
C nhiu mc p sut
ph ti khc nhau
St p trn ng ng
ln (r r, ma st)
iu phi ti, tng
dung tch bnh cha
Tch h thng cao p
v h p
Thit k ban u hp
l, Bo dng hp l
ST P
17
Nguyn nhn st p trn mng phn phi
Bo dng
km
Chn ng
ng khng
hp l
B tr ng
khng hp l
Ma
st
Tn thp p
qua b lc
(mmH
2
O)
% gia
tng
NL
200 (0.019bar)
600 (0.058bar)
800 (0.078bar)
1.6
4.7
7.0
V sinh lc bi, du,
co, ng tht
Cn nhc chi ph-li
ch
18
Bo dng
km
Chn ng
ng khng
hp l
B tr ng
khng hp l
Bo dng
km
R
r
Lp t
cc ng
h o p
sut ti
cc v tr
cn thit
Van, mt bch, cc
khp ni c ng
Kim tra r r kh nn
Thi gian ln ti: T (pht)
Thi gian xung ti : t (pht)
Cac ho tieu thu
Thi gian ln ti: T (pht)
Thi gian xung ti : t (pht)
% KK r r = [T/(T+t)] * 100%
Lng KK r r = % KK r r * Q
Cac ho tieu thu
NHIT KHNG KH NN
20
Tc ng ca nhit kh nn n cng nn
P1
P2=P3
P4
1
c
2
3
4
Phan cong nen tang
P
V
4'
3'
n3-4 = n3'-4'
T3' >T3
P1
P2=P3
P4
1
c
2
3
4
Phan cong nen tang
P
V
4'
n3-4' > n3-4
Cng nn tng khi nhit KK
vo tng.
Cng nn tng khi khng gii
nhit tt MNK.
P1
P2=P3
P4
1
c
2
3
4
Phan cong nen tang
P
V
4'
3'
n3-4 = n3'-4'
T3' >T3
P1
P2=P3
P4
1
c
2
3
4
Phan cong nen tang
P
V
4'
n3-4' > n3-4
Nhit khng kh tng mi 5
oC
tng 1,5% in nng tiu th
Nguyn nhn lm tng nhit khng kh vo
Gii nhit my nn km
Khng gian km thng thong
Ngun kh nng xm nhp
V sinh nh k hp l
C th thng gi cng bc
Trnh ngun kh nng
22