NURS 620

Theoretical Foundations for the Practice of Nursing

Presented by LINDA NGAMEDURU, RN, BSN.

During the 1950s, while working in a child guidance home, Leininger experienced what she describes as a cultural shock. A humanistic and scientific area of formal study and practice in nursing. Combination of nursing and anthropology to create the field of transcultural nursing.
(Alligood & Tomey, 2010)

Cultural care (caring) values, beliefs, and practices of individuals or groups of similar or different cultures with the goal of providing culture-specific and universal nursing care practices in promoting health or well-being or to help people to face unfavorable human conditions, illness, or death in culturally meaningful ways.

(Alligood & Tomey, 2010)

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Care is to assist others with real or anticipated needs in an effort to improve a human condition of concern or to face death. Caring is an action or activity directed towards providing care. Culture refers to learned, shared, and transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and lifeway of a specific individual or group that guide their thinking, decisions, actions, and patterned ways of living. Worldview refers to the way people tend to look at the world or universe in creating a personal view of what life is about.
(Alligood & Tomey, 2010)
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Cultural care refers to multiple aspects of culture that influence and enable a person or group to improve their human condition or to deal with illness or death. Cultural care diversity refers to the differences in meanings, values, or acceptable modes of care within or between different groups of people. Cultural care universality refers to common care or similar meanings that are evident among many cultures. Nursing is a learned profession with a disciplined focused on care phenomena.
(Alligood & Tomey, 2010)
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Cultural and social structure dimensions include factors related to religion, social structure, political/legal concerns, economics, education, technology, cultural values, and ethno-history that influence cultural responses of human beings within a cultural context.
Health refers to a state of well-being that is culturally defined and valued by a designated culture.
(Alligood & Tomey, 2010)

 Cultural

care preservation or maintenance refers to retain and use core cultural care values.
care accommodation or negotiation refers to helping people of a particular culture adapt to or negotiate with others in an effort to attain the shared goal.

Cultural

Cultural

care re-patterning or restructuring refers to therapeutic actions taken by culturally competent nurse to assist a client to modify personal health behaviors.
(Alligood & Tomey, 2010)
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Different cultures view care differently, such as how acupuncture marks on a Cambodian or Vietnamese may be interpreted as abuse in American culture.
The provision of language line or a language interpreter to a patient with a language barrier. The care of an Ethiopian patient with terminal illness; the health care professional has to talk to the patients family spokesperson about the illness and not directly to the patient.
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The first theory that concentrated on emic, etic culture care, and facts linked to worldview common structural features and people culture in diverse environmental contexts. The development of the sunrise model and the ethnonursing research method designed to fit the theory has been used to discover lots of new cultural care data. Research was conducted on more than 10 cultural groups and Leiningers book listed cultural values and cultural care meanings in them
(Alligood & Tomey, 2010)

Many schools of nursing, graduate students, and scholars have used the model as a basis for research and to guide their work. Help prepare nurses to incorporate and adapt the culture of others to minimize culture shock. Effective way to educate client is through the classic LEARN model. Listen, Explain, Acknowledge, Recommend, Negotiate.

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Unruh, A. M. (2007). Spirituality, religion, and pain. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 39 (2), 66-86. The research focused on how spirituality and religion have been used to construct a meaning of pain that shapes appraisal, coping, and pain management.

Narayan, M. C. (2010). Cultures effects on pain assessment and management. American Journal of Nursing, 110 (4), 38-47. The article describes how and why culture affects both patients and nurses and how to use culturally sensitive assessments and providing culturally comfortable care.

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Alligood, M. R., & Tomey, A. M. (2010). Nursing theorists and their work (7th ed.). Maryland Heights, Missouri: Mosby/Elseiver Inc. Unruh, A. M. (2007). Spirituality, religion, and pain. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 39 (2), 66-86. Narayan, M. C. (2010). Cultures effects on pain assessment and management. American Journal of Nursing, 110 (4), 38-47.

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