Power Screws and Fasteners

Image: A collection of threaded fasteners.

Reference : Chapter 15: Fasteners and Power Screws

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Thread Profile Parameters

1998 McGraw-Hill

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Thread Profile Parameters

Figure 15.1 Parameters used in defining terminology of thread profile.

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Text Reference: Figure 15.1, page 667

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Threads

Figure 15.2 (a) Single l = p, (b) double l = 2p, and (c) triple threaded screws.

Hubungan antara pitch and threads

p = 1/n ; n = threads per inch

1998 McGraw-Hill Text Reference: Figure 15.2, page 667 Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid

Threaded Fasteners: UNS & ISO

UNS = Unified National Standard. Threads are specified by the bolt or screw diameter (also called the major diameter)in inches, and the number of threads per inch. ISO = International Standards Organization. Threads are specified by the major diameter in mm, and the pitch, or, number of mm per thread. Generally UNS and ISO threads are NOT interchangeable. (3mm is close to 1/8.)
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Threaded Fasteners UNS

The specification is written in the format Dia threads/in UNC or UNF class and internal or external RH or LH. UNC = Unified National Coarse UNF = Unified National Fine Class ranges from 1 (cheap & inaccurate) to 3 (expensive & precise). Class 2 is common. A = external, B = internal
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Threaded Fasteners UNS

RH = right hand threads, LH = left hand Example thus would be: 13 UNC 2A RH Notes: 1. UNF and UNC are redundant information. 2. For diameters less than , a numeric size is specified instead of the diameter.

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Threaded Fasteners ISO

Metric designations are a little simpler. Preceded by an M, then the diameter in mm, then the pitch (mm per thread, not threads per mm). There are also coarse and fine threads in the ISO system. Examples: M10 x 1.5 M10 x 1.25
1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid

Thread Profiles

Figure 15.3 Thread profiles. (a) ACME; (b) UN.

C F

coarse-pitch threads fine-pitch threads

EF extra-fine-pitch threads
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M and UN Thread Profiles

Figure 15.4 Details of M and UN thread profiles.

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Text Reference: Figure 15.4, page 668

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Thread Classifications
Inc h seri es Metric seri es Bolts Nuts 8g 7H 6g 6H 8h 5H

Bol ts 1A 2A 3A

Nuts 1B 2B 3B

Table 15.1 Inch and metric equivalent thread classification.

MF 6 x 1 mm M = metric F = Fine 6 = crest diameter 1 = pitch distance of 1 mm

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ACME Thread Profile

Figure 15.5 Details of ACME thread profile. (All dimensions are in inches.)

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Text Reference: Figure 15.5, page 670

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ACME Thread Properties

Cres t diameter, d c, in. 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 1/2 1 3/4 2 2 1/4 2 1/2 2 3/4 3 3 1/2 4 4 1/2 5 N umber of threads per inch, a n 16 14 12 12 10 8 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 Tens ile s tres s area, A t, in2 0.02663 0.04438 0.06589 0.09720 0.1225 0.1955 0.2732 0.4003 0.5175 0.6881 0.8831 1.030 1.266 1.811 2.454 2.982 3.802 4.711 5.181 7.338 9.985 12.972 16.351 S hear s tres s area, A s, in2 0.3355 0.4344 0.5276 0.6396 0.7278 0.9180 1.084 1.313 1.493 1.722 1.952 2.110 2.341 2.803 3.262 3.610 4.075 4.538 4.757 5.700 6.640 7.577 8.511

Table 15.2 Crest diameters, threads per inch, and stresses for Acme thread.

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Text Reference: Table 15.2, page 671

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Power Screw with Collar

Figure 15.6 Dimensions and angles of power screw with collar.

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Text Reference: Figure 15.6, page 672

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Examples of Power Screw

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Text Reference: Table 15.2, page 671

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Power Screw Forces

Figure 15.7 Forces acting in raising load of power screw. (a) Forces acting on parallelepiped; (b) forces acting on axial section; (c) forces acting on tangential plane.
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Raising the Load

Pn cos n cos - Pn sin = W Tr = Pn (dp/2)(cos n sin + cos) + rc cW

Lowering the Load

Pn cos n cos + Pn sin = W Tl = Pn (dp/2)(cos n sin - cos) -rc cW

Self Locking

< cos n tan

Contoh soal
1998 McGraw-Hill Text Reference: Figure 15.9, page 680 Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid

Types of Threaded Fasteners

Figure 15.8 Three types of threaded fastener. (a) Bolt and nut; (c) Cap screw; (c) stud.

1998 McGraw-Hill

Text Reference: Figure 15.8, page 679

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Connection Simulated as Bolt and Joint Springs

Figure 15.9 Bolt-and-nut assembly simulated as bolt-and-joint spring.

k = stifness

1998 McGraw-Hill

Text Reference: Figure 15.9, page 680

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Force vs. Deflection of Bolt and Member

Figure 15.10 Force versus deflection of bolt and member. (s) Seperated bolt and joint; (b) assembled bolt and joint.

1998 McGraw-Hill

Text Reference: Figure 15.10, page 680

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Force vs. Deflection with External Load

Figure 15.11 Forces versus deflection of bolt and joint when external load is applied.
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Bolt and Nut

Figure 15.12 Bolt and nut. (a) Assembled; (b) stepped-shaft representation of shank and threaded section.

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Text Reference: Figure 15.12, page 682

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Bolt and Nut Assembly

Figure 15.13 Bolt-and-nut assembly with conical fustrum stress representation of joint.

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Text Reference: Figure 15.13, page 683

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Constants for Joint Stiffness Formula

Poiss on s ratio, 0. 291 0. 334 0. 326 0. 211 Modulus of Elasticity, E, GPa 206. 8 71.0 118. 6 100. 0 N umerical Constants Ai Bi 0. 78715 0.62873 0. 79670 0.63816 0. 79568 0.63553 0. 77871 0.61616

Material Steel Aluminum Copper Gray cast iron

Table 15.3 Constants used in joint stiffness formula [Eq. (15.26)] [From Wileman et al (1991)]

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Text Reference: Table 15.3, page 684

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Example 15.6

Figure 15.14 Hexagonal bolt-and-nut assembly used in Example 15.6. (a) Assembly and dimensions; (b) dimensions of frustum cone. (All dimensions are in millimeters.)
1998 McGraw-Hill Text Reference: Figure 15.14, page 685 Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid

Strength of Bolts (Inches)

Range of cres t diameters, in. 1/4 - 1 1/2 1/4 - 3/4 3/4-1 1/2 1/4 - 1 1/2 1/4 - 1 1 - 1 1/2 1/4 - 1 1/2 1/4 - 1 1/2 U ltimate tensile s trength, S ut, ksi 60 74 60 115 120 105 133 150

SAE grade 1 2 4 5 7 8

Yield strength, S y, ksi 36 57 36 100 92 81 115 130

Proof s trength, S p , ks i 33 55 33 65 85 74 105 120

Table 15.4 Strength of steel bolts for various sizes in inches.

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Text Reference: Table 15.4, page 687

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Strength of Bolts (Millimeters)

Ultimate Crest tensile Yield diameter, dc , strength, Sut, strength, S y, Metric grade mm MPa MPa 4.6 M 5-M 36 400 240 4.8 M 1.6-M 16 420 340a 5.8 M 5-M 24 520 415a 8.8 M 17-M 36 830 660 9.8 M 1.6-M 16 900 720a 10.9 M 6-M 36 1040 940 12.9 M 1.6-M 36 1220 1100 aYield strength approximate and not included in standard. Proof strength, Sp , MPa 225 310 380 600 650 830 970

Table 15.5 Strength of steel bolts for various sizes in millimeters.

1998 McGraw-Hill

Text Reference: Table 15.5, page 687

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Coarse and Fine Thread Dimensions

Cres t diameter, d c, in. 0.0600 0.0730 0.0860 0.0990 0.1120 0.1250 0.1380 0.1640 0.1900 0.2160 0.3500 0.3125 0.3750 0.4735 0.5000 0.5625 0.6250 0.7500 0.8750 1.000 1.125 1.250 1.375 1.500 1.750 2.000 Coars e Threads (U NC) N umber of Tens ile threads per s tres s area, inch, n A t, in. 2 64 0.00263 56 0.00370 48 0.00487 40 0.00604 40 0.00796 32 0.00909 32 0.0140 24 0.0175 24 0.0242 20 0.0318 18 0.0524 16 0.0775 14 0.1063 13 0.1419 12 0.182 11 0.226 10 0.334 9 0.462 8 0.606 7 0.763 7 0.969 6 1.155 6 1.405 5 1.90 4 1/2 2.50 Fine Threads (U N F) N umber of Tens ile threads per s tres s area, inch, n A t, in. 2 80 0.00180 72 0.00278 64 0.00394 56 0.00523 48 0.00661 44 0.00830 40 0.01015 36 0.01474 32 0.0200 28 0.0258 28 0.0364 24 0.0580 24 0.0878 20 0.1187 20 0.1599 18 0.203 18 0.256 16 0.373 14 0.509 12 0.663 12 0.856 12 1.073 12 1.315 12 1.581 -

Table 15.6 Dimensions and tensile stress areas for UN coarse and fine threads.

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Text Reference: Table 15.6, page 687

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Coarse and Fine Thread Dimensions - Metric

Cres t diameter, d c, mm 1 1.6 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 16 20 24 30 36 42 48 Coars e Threads (MC) Tens ile Pitch, p , s tres s area, mm A t, mm2 0.25 0.460 0.35 1.27 0.4 2.07 0.45 3.39 0.5 5.03 0.7 8.78 0.8 14.2 1 20.1 1.25 36.6 1.5 58.0 1.75 84.3 2 157 2.5 245 3 353 3.5 561 4 817 4.5 1121 5 1473 Fine Threads (MF) Tens ile Pitch, p , s tres s area, mm A t, mm2 0.20 1.57 .25 2.45 .35 3.70 .35 5.61 .5 9.79 .5 16.1 .75 22 1 39.2 1.25 61.2 1.25 92.1 1.5 167 1.5 272 2 384 2 621 3 865 -

Table 15.7 Dimensions and tensile stress areas for metric coarse and fine threads.

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Text Reference: Table 15.7, page 69

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Separation of Joint

Figure 15.15 Separation of joint.

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Text Reference: Figure 15.15, page 690

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Cyclic Load

Figure 15.16 Forces versus deflection of bolt and joint as function of time.

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Text Reference: Figure 15.16, page 691

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Fatigue Stress Concentration Factors

SAE grade 0-2 4-8

Metric g rade 3.6-5.8 6.6-10.9

Ro lled threads 2.2 3.0

Cut threads 2.8 3.8

Fillet 2.1 2.3

Table 15.8 Fatigue stress concentration factors for threaded elements.

1998 McGraw-Hill

Text Reference: Table 15.8, page 692

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Gasketed Joint

Figure 15.17 Threaded fastener with unconfined gasket and two other members.

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Text Reference: Figure 15.17, page 694

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BOLT AND NUT DESIGN RS KHURMI

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(gasket)

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Contoh hal. 410

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TUGAS INDIVIDU SAMBUNGAN

Buat suatu Narasi Descriptive dari suatu kasus sambungan yang anda pilih (dari kondisi yang sebenarnya) : - Ceritakan tentang alat secara keseluruhan - cerita fokus kepada sambungannya - Buat FBD - Analisa kekuatan Dikumpulkan hari Jumat 20 Februari 2011 (pada saat kuliah) Diketik rapih (A4 - 1,5 spasi) Bisa Welding join, Rivet join, PIN join, bolt and nut join, power screw

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