Professional Documents
Culture Documents
POTENTIAL KINETIC
ENERGY ENERGY
HEAT SOUND
ENERGY ENERGY
ENERGY
ELECTRIVAL LIGHT
ENERGY ENERGY
MECHANICAL NUCLEAR
ENERGY ENERGY
OXYGEN IN AIR
RUSTING
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
DECOMPOSITION
RESPIRATION COMBUSTION
BIOMASS
SOLAR
FOSSIL FUELS
HYDRO NUCLEAR COAL
WIND
PETROLEUM
GEO THERMAL
ENERGY IS CONSERVED
Amount of energy Amount of energy
before conversion after conversion
PROCESSES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
HEAT ENERGY +
CHEMICAL ENERGY RESPIRATION WATER + CARBON
(in food)
DIOXIDE
COMPARISON BETWEEN
CONDUCTION, CONVECTION AND RADIATION
~ Transferred by
~ Transferred by ~ Radiated by a hot
particles that vibrate
particles that move body to surrounding
and collide with other
and form a
particles
convectional current
~ Occurs in solids,
~ Occurs in fluids ~ Occurs without any
liquids and gases but
Like liquids and gases medium
most effective in
most effective
solids
~ Can occur in
~ Does not occur in a vacuum
~ Does not occur in
a vacuum
a vacuum
~ rapid process (light
~ slow process Speed)
~ rapid process
CAR’S RADIATOR THERMOS FLASK
TO WARM BODY
~ to remove heat ~ vacuum space prevent
~ fire – to warm our
produced in engine heat loss by conduction
bodies prevent heat
by convection and convection
transfer by radiation
through water in ~ silver layered prevent
from our body to
the radiator heat loss by radiation
surrounding
CONDUCTION:
CONVECTION:
~ Heat transfer through
~ Heat transfer in a fluid from
solid from a high temperature
A hot to a less hot area
to a low temperature
RADIATION:
Examples of good ~ Heat transfer from a ~ Hot fluid (less
conductors are heat source to its dense) move up
metal. surroundings without the ~ Cold fluid (more
need of medium dense) move down
Copper (air or vacuum)
Aluminium
Iron
decrease ~ Can be absorbed or reflected
~ travel at speed of light
CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS
Examples: Examples:
Metals ~ copper, iron Wood, plastic, rubber,
mercury, aluminium water and air
Applications: Applications
~ cooking utensils ~ handles of cooking utensils
~ radiator coil in vehicle ~ polystyrene – food containers
~ mercury – thermometer ~ fibreglass –refrigerators
~ wire gauze (steel) ~ sawdust – prevent ice melt
~ heating coil – electric kettle ~ fur clothing – keep body warm
~ soldering iron – made of ~ blanket – keep body warm
copper ~ igloo
~ Davy safety light ~ sleeping bag
NATURAL APPLICATION OF
THE PRINCIPLE OF CONVECTION
NATURAL APPLICATION OF
THE PRINCIPLE OF RADIATION
DEPENDS ON:
1. surrounding temperature
~ object that has higher temperature than its surrounding,
radiates heat
~ object that has lower temperature than its surrounding,
absorbs heat
2. nature of its surface
~ dark and dull – best for absorbing heat
~ bright and shiny – best for reflecting heat
NATURE OF SURFACE HEAT ABSORPTION HEAT RADIATION
DULL GOOD GOOD
SHINY BAD BAD
BRIGHT BAD BAD
DARK GOOD GOOD