đề 52

MC LC ...................................................................................................
Trong nn cng nghip hin nay ngnh c kh luyn kim ng m !ai r" r# $uan r%ng& l ngnh cng nghip khng h' hi(u ! )*n ph+m c,a ngnh lun c m- . # c* m%i l/nh !0c. 1in nay rong cng nghip luyn kim& ph2ng ph3p n#u luyn h4p 56ng l" h7 $uang 28c 9:ng ph; 5i(n !o ra c3c lo>i h4p c ch# l28ng nh2 mong mu?n. @ua $u3 rAnh h%c Bp !Ca $ua Dm 28c giao 7 3n EFghiGn cHu kh3i $u3 ! ruyn ng in iu chInh in c0c l" h7 $uang.Thi( k( ch2ng rAnh iu khi'n in c0c l"J. Trong $u3 rAnh h0c hin 7 3n& 9o ki(n hHc ch2a 28c hon hin nGn 7 3n c"n nhiu )ai ) & Dm mong nhBn 28c K ki(n ng gp c,a hLy c ! c3c 5>n ' 5+n 7 3n ny hon hin hn.
Chng 1. Tng quan truyn ng in iu chnh in cc l h quang

1.1. Gii thiu chung v l h quang M.M.M. Nh3i nim. L" h7 $uang l l" l8i 9Ong nhi c,a ng%n lPa h7 $uang giQa c3c in c0c ! kim lo>i ' n#u ch*y kim lo>i. M.M.R. ShTn lo>i. a. ThDo 9"ng in )P 9Ong l" h7 $uang 28c chia hnh. U L" h7 $uang m chiu. U L" h7 $uang Voay chiu. 5. ThDo c3ch ch3y c,a ng%n lPa h7 $uang l" h7 $uang 28c chia hnh. U L" nung nng gi3n i(pW Fhi c,a ng%n lPa V*y ra giQa hai in c0c Xgraph & hanY 28c 9:ng ' n#u ch+y kim lo>i XhAnh M.aY. U L" nung nng r0c i(pW Fhi c,a ng%n lPa h7 $uang V*y ra giQa in c0c ! kim lo>i 9:ng ' n#u ch*y kim lo>i XhAnh M.5Y.
XaY
1Anh \.M
X5Y
c. ThDo -c i'm ch# liu !o l". U L" ch# liu Xliu rZn& kim lo>i !OnY 5Gn )2[n 56ng ph2ng ph3p h, cng hay m3y mc Xm3y ch# liu& m3y rOc c m3ngY $ua cPa l". U L" ch# liu rGn Inh l" Vu?ng nh[ gLn ch# liu. Lo>i l" ny c c c#u nTng !"m nc.
M.M.3 N( c#u l" h7 $uang. ]7m c3c 5 phBn chnh )au. M. F7i l" c l<p !^ c3ch nhi ! c cPa l" ! ming r . R. _"m nc l" c !^ c3ch nhi . 3. C c#u giQ ! 9`ch chuy'n in c0c& ruyn ng 56ng in hay hua l0c. b. C c#u nghiGng l"& ruyn ng 56ng in hay hua l0c. c. ShLn 9dn in C 5i(n 3p l" p liu C rGn cao c"n c c c#u nTng $uay !"m l"& c c#u r kim lo>i ceng nh2 gLu n>p liu. Trong c3c l" h7 $uang c n7i l" )Tu& kim lo>i l^ng . r>ng h3i /nh c chGnh lch nhi hDo cao Xkho*ng MffgChmY . Trong iu kin ' ing c2[ng ph*n Hng c,a kim lo>i X!i r2<c khi r cLn ph*i khu#y rn kim lo>i l^ng . . c3c l" 9ung l28ng nh^ X92<i j TY hA !ic khu#y rn h0c hin 56ng ay $ua c c#u c kh. _i n#u. Thi( 5` khu#y rn kim lo>i l^ng h2[ng l hi( 5` in C c nguyGn lK lm !ic 2ng 0 ng c khng 7ng 5 r o ngZn m>ch. TC r2[ng ch>y >o ra . l" c 3y phi kim lo>i nh[ hai cun 9Ty Xk a oY 9"ng Voay chiu Ln )? f&c M 1l lch pha nhau mfg. no C r2[ng ny m kim lo>i c l0c in C 9%c rOc l". Nhi ;i n?i 9"ng rong c3c cun 9Ty c h' hay ;i h2<ng chuy'n ng c,a kim lo>i rong n7i hDo h2<ng ng28c l>i. M.M.b. C3c hng )? $uan r%ng c,a l" h7 $uang. a. nung l28ng `nh mHc c,a l". U k? #n kim lo>i l^ng rong m mo n#u. 5. Cng )u# `nh mHc c,a 5i(n 3p l". U *nh h2.ng& $uy( `nh n nung nng liu ! n#u ch*y kim lo>i Trong giai o>n ny l" cLn cng Vu# nhi l<n nh# & in ning iGu hO chi(m kho*ng jf Q pfq ning l28ng on mo n#u ! h[i gian c,a n chi(m cf Q jfq on 5 h[i gian m chu rAnh. r' *m 5*o cng )u# n#u ch*y ng%n lPa h7 $uang cLn ph*i ch3y ;n `nh. Nhi ch3y in c0c 5` in m"n& kho*ng c3ch giQa in c0c ! kim lo>i ing lGn. r' 9uy rA h7 $uang in c0c ph*i 28c iu chInh !o gLn kim lo>i. Lsc ' V+y ra hin 28ng in c0c ch>m !o kim lo>i g%i l $u3 iu chInh ! gTy ra ngZn m>ch lm !ic. FgZn m>ch lm !ic uy V*y ra rong h[i gian ngZn nh2ng l>i hay V*y ra nGn c3c hi( 5` in rong m>ch ng l0c h2[ng lm !ic . iu kin n-ng n. FgZn m>ch lm !ic ceng c h' gTy ra 9o )O n. c3c hnh c,a h? 5ao $uanh Lu in c0c >o ra . rong liu& r7i )0 nng ch*y c,a c3c m+u liu ceng c h' ph3 hua ng%n lPa h7 $uang 9o ing chiu 9i ng%n lPa. Lsc ph*i i(n hnh m7i l>i 56ng c3ch h> in c0c Vu?ng cho ch>m kim lo>i r7i nTng lGn >o h7 $uang. Trong giai o>n ny )? lLn ngZn m>ch lm !ic c h' ch lm !ic cng Vu# hQu ch gi*m m>nh ! c khi 56ng f !i. Th[i gian cho ph4p c,a m lLn ngZn m>ch lm !ic l XR 3Y) no !By giai o>n n#u ch*y l giai o>n h7 $uang ch3y k4m ;n `nh nh# & cng )u# nhi c,a h7 $uang 9ao ng m>nh ! ng%n lPa h7 $uang r# ngZn& h2[ng hA !i mm (n Mf Mc mm. Trong giai o>n ny in 3p c#p ! cng )u# ra c,a m3y 5i(n 3p l" l l<n nh# . 5. ]iai o>n Vy ho3 rTy l giai o>n khP C c,a kim lo>i (n m gin nh# `nh uu hDo yGu cLu cng ngh& khP S ! k& khP kh rong gang r7i inh luyn& )0 ch3y hon on c,a C gTy ra )i m>nh kim lo>i. . giai o>n ny cng )u# nhi yGu cLu ! c 5*n l ' 5: l>i ;n hao nhi ! n 56ng kho*ng jfq cng )u# nhi c,a giai o>n m . 17 $uang ceng cLn 9uy rA .
c. ]iai o>n hon nguyGn Tr2<c khi h4p ra l" ph*i $ua giai o>n hon nguyGn l giai o>n khP Vy& khP )un phua ! h8p kim ho3 kim lo>i. Cng )u# yGu cLu lsc ny cv 3fq )o !n m . Ch( ning l28ng 2ng ?i ;n `nh ! chiu 9i ng%n lPa h7 $uang kho*ng !i rOc mm . c. ]iai o>n phO rTy l giai o>n l#y )*n ph+m w n#u luyn& u )Pa lm ! )inh ! ch# liu !o l". r7 h` )au l m ! 9O miGu * $u3 rAnh lm !ic c,a l" h7 $uang MffT rong c3c giai o>n n#u luyn. X1AnhW\URY TrGn h0c ( hin nay !ic iu chInh cng )u# ! nhi l" h7 $uang h2[ng )P 9Ong c3c m>ch !"ng ph*n h7i 9"ng 3p. C3c n hiu ny 28c 2a $ua c3c 5 5i(n ;i ! ;ng h8p l>i Dm )o )3nh !<i m gi3 r` - c,a 9"ng h7 $uang. _ic lm ny 28c h0c hin 56ng c3c \C ! c3c hi( 5` 53n 9dn !A n cho a 3c ng nhanh& chnh V3c& !ic ;ng h8p n hiu 9= 9ng.
S X Mx Y 3f Rf Mf F#u ch*y
yVy ho3
Tinh luyn
f h7 $uang Xh Y 1 hin r?i !i& cng 3 )u# 4 nhi cao c h' )P 9Ong m>ch !"ng ph*n h7i nhi ' giQ cho nhi l" 1Anh M.R
h7 $uang l ;n `nh. _ic l#y n hiu nhi c h' 9:ng c3c )DnVor ho-c can nhi ' 5i(n n hiu nhi hnh in 3p Dm )o )3nh !ch kh?ng ch( ' iu khi'n !ic nTng h> in c0c giQ cho nhi l" h7 $uang ;n `nh. M.M.j. k 7 m>ch ng l0c rin 3p cung c#p cho l" h7 $uang l#y C r>m 5i(n 3p l". rin 3p !o l j& Mf& 3c hay Mff N_ l uu hDo cng )u# l" X1Anh M.3Y. ) 7 m>ch in chnh c,a l" h7 $uang 9ung l28ng 92<i Rf #n 3& j&Mf& RR C L MM C z z M T\ z Nx h
k_
T |
RM C
C N
rN U {_
3M C {z L MM C R T\ MF _ z _
1Anh M.bW k 7 in c 5*n c,a l" h7 $uang. Trong ) 7 c c3c hi( 5` chnh )au . } CLu 9ao c3ch ly XCLY 9:ng ' phTn c3ch m>ch ng l0c c,a l" h7 $uang !ch )0 c?. F 28c chInh `nh )ao cho khng 3c ng khi )*y ra khi ngZn m>ch lm !ic. M3y cZ MMC ceng 9:ng ' ng cZ m>ch l0c 92n ch( 9"ng in khi V*y ra ngZn m>ch lm !ic ! ;n `nh )0 ch3y c,a h7 $uang. Nhi 5Z Lu n#u luyn hay V*y ra ngZn m>ch lm !ic& khi V*y ra ngZn m>ch lm !ic hA m3y cZ RMC m. l>i ' cun kh3ng N ham gia !o m>ch ' h>n ch( 9"ng ngZn m>ch. Nhi liu ch*y h( l" cLn cng )u# nhi l<n ' n#u luyn& RMC ng l>i ' ngZn m>ch cun kh3ng N. . giai o>n hon nguyGn& cng )u# l" yGu cLu hn hA RMC l>i m. ra ' 2a cun kh3ng N !o m>ch lm gi*m cng )u# c#p cho l". _n ch( 9"ng ngZn m>ch lm !ic 9o c3c phLn P c*m kh3ng c,a ) 7 l" *m nhim . } {i(n 3p l" X{zLY 9:ng ' h> 3p ! iu chInh in 3p& !ic ;i n?i cun ) c#p hnh hAnh hay h0c hin nh[ c3c m3y cZ 3MC& bMC. Cun hH c#p c,a 5i(n 3p l" n?i !ch ngZn XMFY khng phTn nh3nh& khng c m?i hn. } Sha ) c#p 5i(n 3p l" c - rlD 9"ng in c0c >i ' 3c ng lGn cun ngZ m3y cZ MMC& rlD ny c 9uy rA h[i gian. Th[i gian 9uy rA ny gi*m khi 5i )? $u3 *i 9"ng ing. Fh[ !By MMC cZ m>ch l0c c,a l" h7 $uang chI khi c ngZn m>ch )0 c? ! khi ngZn m>ch lm !ic k4o 9i m khng VP lK 28c. _ch lm !ic rong m h[i gian 2ng ?i ngZn MMC khng cZ m>ch m chI c n hiu ~n ! chung. Sha ) c#p 5i(n 3p l" c"n c c3c 9Ong cO o l2[ng& ki'm ra nh2 W !n k(& impDk(& cng in& pha k( ! c3c hi( 5` iu khi'n kh3c.
Trong m>ch l0c ?i 28ng cLn $uan Tm nh# l 5i(n 3p l" ! m>ch ngZn EMFJ !A n ng !ai r" $uy( `nh (n ch# l28ng )*n ph+m . M3y 5i(n 3p l" M3y 5i(n 3p l" 5i(n 3p l" 9:ng cho l" h7 $uang ph*i lm !ic rong c3c iu kin -c 5i n-ng n nGn n c -c i'm )auW U Cng )u# h2[ng r# l<n Xc h' ch l<n ' h>n ch( 9"ng ngZn m>ch 92ch. U C kh* ning iu chInh in 3p ) c#p 92n rng. U Sh*i lm m3 ? !A 9"ng l<n& hay c ngZn m>ch ! !A m3y 5i(n 3p - . ni kn l>i gLn l". F(u coi r6ng rong giai o>n n#u ch*y ;n h# ning l28ng rong l" h7 $uang& rong 5i(n 3p l" ! cun kh3ng N 28c 5: rC 5.i ning l28ng c,a ph*n Hng â nhi hA cng )u# 5i(n 3p l" c h' V3c `nh 56ng 5i'u hHcW
S BAL = W t nc K sd co)
[ KVA]
XM3Yh
Trong W
nc
W Th[i gian n#u ch*y X rC lsc 9Cng l"YXhY N)9 Xf&p f&mY.
nc
N)9 W 1 )? )P 9Ong cng )u# 5i(n 3p l" rong giai o>n n#u ch*y co)W 1 )? cng )u# c,a hi( 5` l" h7 $uang. x W Fing l28ng hQu ch ! ;n hao nhi rong h[i gian n#u ch*y ! 9Cng l" giQa hai mo n#u XNxhY. x ] Trong W ]W Nh?i l28ng kim lo>i n#u XTY. W ku# chi ph in ning ' n#u ch*y NxhhT. ku# chi ph in ning gi*m ?i !ch 28c phTn ra R pha ! nh2 !By iu kin lm !ic c,a c3c cun 9Ty ) nh hn. M3y 5i(n
3p l" h2[ng lm !ic rong Anh r>ng ngZn m>ch ! ph*i c kh* ning $u3 *i nGn h2[ng ch( >o o& n-ng hn m3y 5i(n 3p ng l0c c:ng cng )u# . M>ch ngZnW XMFY M>ch ngZn hay 9Ty 9dn 9"ng hH c#p c 9"ng in lm !ic r# l<n ch ngZnW Smn \Rmn mn Chi(m kho*ng fq on 5 ;n hao rong on 5 hi( 5` l" h7 $uang. no !By cLn ph*i h>n ch( )ao cho ;n hao rong m>ch ny l nh^ nh# ! n 28c ch( >o !ch ngZn 28c gh4p C c3c #m 7ng l3 hnh c3c hanh mm ' c h' u?n 9oo nGn Vu?ng hDo c3c hanh in c0c. Fgoi ra m>ch ngZn c"n ph*i *m 5*o )0 cTn 56ng rmn ! Vmn giQa c3c pha ' c c3c hng )? in X cng )u# & in 3p& 9"ngY nh2 nhau c,a c3c l" h7 $uang. Nhi 3 pha m>ch ngZn phTn 5? ?i VHng hA ht c*m giQa Rpha 5# ku ) 56ng nhau ! )Hc in ng ht c*m 56ng f. Tr2[ng h8p n(u kho*ng c3ch giQa c3c pha khng nh2 nhau ht c*m giQa c3c pha ) kh3c nhau. Trong m pha no ) Vu# hin )Hc in ng phO ng28c chiu 9"ng in rong pha ! >o ra m )O 3p rGn in r. huLn pha . N( $u* l pha ny nh2 h' ing in r. 3c 9Ong& gTy ra m ;n hao cng )u# phO ! cng )u# h7 $uang c,a pha ny ) gi*m )o !i c:ng chiu !<i 9"ng in c,a pha& in r. 3c 9Ong nh2 5` gi*m i ! cng )u# h7 $uang pha ny ) ing lGn. 1in 28ng rGn gTy ra )0 m# ?i VHng ! in 3p giQa c3c h7 $uang& )0 phTn 5? cng )u# khng 7ng u giQa c3c pha& gi*m hiu )u# l" ! !ch ngZn ) cng l<n. r' ch?ng l>i hin 28ng rGn 56ng c3ch phTn 5? ?i VHng ! m- hAnh h%c ! ! m- in C c,a m>ch ngZn ! c3c in C - . 3 Inh m am gi3c u. _ch ngZn h2[ng 28c n?i hDo .
1. . Gii thiu truyn ng in iu chnh in cc l h quang M.R.M Gu cLu !i u c c3c 5 9iu chInh 0 ng !ic 9`ch in c0c !A n cho ph4p gi*m h[i gian n#u luyn& nTng cao ning )u# l"& gi*m )u# chi ph ning l28ng& gi*m h#m c3c 5on cho kim lo>i& nTng cao ch# l28ng h4p& gi*m 9ao ng cng )u# khi n#u ch*y& c*i hin iu kin lao ng... Ch# l28ng h4p n#u luyn phO huc !o cng )u# c#p ! )0 phTn 5? nhi hay nhi rong n7i l". riu chInh cng )u# l" h7 $uang c h' h0c hin 56ng c3ch hay ;i in 3p ra c,a {zL ho-c 56ng )0 hay ;i 9`ch chuy'n in c0c ' hay 9;i chiu 9i ng%n lPa h7 $uang ! nh2 !By ) hay ;i 28c in 3p h7 $uang& 9"ng in h7 $uang ! cng )u# 3c 9Ong c,a h7 $uang. _ nguyGn Zc !ic 9uy rA cng )u# l" h7 $uang c h' hng $ua !ic 9uy rA m rong c3c hng )? )auW U n"ng in h7 $uang \h$ U rin 3p h7 $uang |h$ U TI )? giQa in 3p ! 9"ng in h7 $uang Hc l ;ng r. h$ h$
U hq I hq
{ iu chInh 9uy rA 9"ng h7 $uang khng ;i X\ h$ con) Y ) khng m7i h7 $uang 0 ng 28c. Fgoi ra khi 9"ng in rong m pha no hay ;i ) k4o hDo 9"ng in rong hai pha c"n l>i hay ;i. _ 9O khi h7 $uang rong m pha H hA l" h7 $uang lm !ic nh2 phO 3i m pha !i n?i i(p !o in 3p 9Ty. Lsc c3c 5 iu chInh rong hai pha c"n l>i ) i(n hnh h> in c0c m-c 9: khng cLn !ic . C3c 5 iu chInh lo>i ny chI 9:ng cho l" h7 $uang M pha ! ch, y(u 9:ng cho l" h7 $uang chTn khng. { iu chInh 9uy rA in 3p h7 $uang khng ;i X| h$ con) Y c kh khin rong !ic o hng )? ny. Th0c ( cun 9Ty o 28c n?i giQa hTn kim lo>i c,a l" ! hanh c3i hH c#p {zL. no !By in 3p o phO huc !o 9"ng *i ! )0 hay ;i 9"ng c,a M pha ) *nh h2.ng (n R pha c"n l>i nh2 w rAnh 5y ?i !<i 5 iu chInh giQ \h$ con) . Sh2ng ph3p ? nh# l 9:ng 5 iu chInh 9uy rA I )?W
U hq I hq
h$ con)
hng $ua hiu c3c n hiu 9"ng ! 3pW
11
a\h$U5|h$5\h$Xfh$Uh$Y Trong W a& 5 W 1 )? phO huc h )? c3c 5i(n 3p o l2[ng X5i(n 9"ng& 5i(n in 3pY ! in r. iu chInh rGn m>ch X hay ;i 56ng ay khi chInh `nhY. fh$ & h$W ]i3 r` - ! gi3 r` h0c c,a ;ng r. h7 $uang. TC a cW
a I hq b U hq b I hq
fh$ U h$ h$
Fh2 !By !ic iu chInh h0c hin hDo lch c,a ;ng r. h7 $uang )o !n lm !ic c,a l" h7 $uang Xn#u ch*y& oVy ho3& hon nguyGnY "i hî m cng )u# nh# `nh m cng )u# ny l>i phO huc !o chiu 9i ng%n lPa h7 $uang. Fh2 !By iu chInh 9`ch in c0c Hc l iu chInh chiu 9i ng%n lPa h7 $uang 9o iu chInh 28c cng )u# l" h7 $uang. 5. C3c yGu cLu chnh ra cho m 5 iu chInh cng )u# l" h7 $uang. M. r, nh>y ' *m 5*o ch( lm !ic w cho c,a l". nuy rA 9"ng in h7 $uang khng O $u3 Xb cY r` )? gi3 r` 9"ng in lm !ic. _:ng khng nh>y c,a 5 iu chInh khng $u3 X3 jYq rong giai o>n n#u ch+y ! XR bYq rong c3c giai o>n kh3c. R. T3c ng nhanh& *m 53o khP ngZn m>ch hay H h7 $uang rong h[i gian XM&c 3Y). riu ny ) lm gi*m )? lLn ngZ m3y cZ chsng& gi*m )0 h#m C c,a kim lo>i C3c l" h7 $uang hin >i khng cho ph4p ngZ m3y cZ chnh $u3 R lLn rong giai o>n n#u ch+y. r*m 5*o yGu cLu ny nh[ n#u ?c 9`ch c0c nhanh n n#u ch+y Xkhi 9:ng ruyn ng in cY.! Xc jYmhph Xkhi ruyn ng hua l0cY. n"ng in h7 $uang cng lch Va r` )? - hA ?c 9`ch c0c cng ph*i nhanh. 3. Th[i gian iu chInh ngZn. b. 1>n ch( ?i hi'u )0 9`ch c0c khng cLn hi( nh2 khi ch( lm !ic 5` ph3 !v rong h[i gian r# ngZn X!i phLn giTyY hay rong ch( hay ;i nh ?i VHng& yGu c#u ny cng cLn ?i !i. rin c0c c,a c3c pha c"n l>i ang . !` r
12
chu+n ceng c h' 5` 9`ch chuy'n. no !By mti pha cLn c h iu chInh c lBp ' )0 lm !ic c,a n khng *nh h2.ng n XRf Q cfYq r` )? `nh mHc !nW FTng in c0c r2<c khi ch# liu !o l"Y ! ng28c l>i chuy'n nhanh ! ch( iu khi'n 0 ng. . T0 ng m7i h7 $uang khi 5Z Lu lm !ic ! )au khi h7 $uang 5` H & khi ngZn m>ch hA !ic nTng in c0c lGn khng lm H h7 $uang. p. nCng m%i in c0c khi m# in l2<i. C c#u ch#p hnh Xc c#u 9`nh c0cY c h' ruyn ng 56ng in U c hay hua l0c. Trong c c#u in U c& ng c 28c 9:ng ph; 5i(n l ng c m chiu kch C c lBp !A n c mmDn kh.i ng l<n& gi*i iu chInh rng& 56ng phng& r= iu chInh ! c h' r= m. m3y& *o chiu& hwm. ri khi ceng 9:ng ng c Nr{ c mmDn $u3n nh c,a r o nh^.
Chng . Thi!t "! h th#ng iu chnh in cc l $% &'ng ng c in (t chiu
13
.1 ) ch*c n+ng (t ,ha "h#ng ch! &-ch cc l h quang. M h iu chInh cng )u# 0 ng l" h7 $uang c ) 7 chHc ning n gi*n nh2 hAnh ! X1Anh R.MY 1 g7m ?i 28ng iu chInh j Xl" h7 $uangY ! 5 iu chInh !i )ai. { iu chInh g7m c3c 5 c*m 5i(n 9"ng XMY ! 3p XM Y& phLn P )o )3nh X3Y& 5 khu(ch >i XbY&c c#u ch#p hnh XcY ! hi( 5` - XRY. TrGn phLn P )o )3nh c R n hiu C ?i 28ng iu chInh i $ua 5 khu(ch >i XbY r7i i m3y in& khu(ch >i C& hiri) or& hua l0c& ly h8p in C . . C.c ,hng .n truyn ng R.R.M. k 7 m pha kh?ng ch( 9`ch c0c l" h7 $uang 9:ng h MrNrUr 1Anh R.R 5i'u h` ) 7 9`ch c0c cho m pha l" h7 $uang ! mti pha u c m 5 iu chInh nh2 !By. M3y in khu(ch >i c#p in cho ng c XrY ' 9`ch c0c ! c 3 cun kch C. Cun iu chInh CrCM ' kh?ng ch( 0 ng. Cun iu chInh CrCR ' kh?ng ch( 56ng ay. Cun ph*n h7i Tm 3p Cz. Cun ny c ) ng28c chiu !<i cun rGn. 5 3 b
14
. ch( 0 ng Tr c3c i(p i'm c U j U p kn& m. MCn ng RCn. rin 3p ra rGn chInh l2u MCL a l !<i 9"ng in h7 $uang ! ri rGn in r. c. rin 3p ra rGn chInh l2u RCL a l !<i in 3p h7 $uang ! ri rGn in r. b. Cun 9Ty iu chInh CrCM c,a MrNr n?i !o hiu )? in 3p l#y rGn m phLn c,a c ! b. Fgh/a l h0c hin $uy luB iu chInh a \ h$ U 5 |h$ 5 \h$ Xfh$U h$Y khi ch2a c h7 $uang& 9"ng 56ng khng ! in 3p l<n nh# . k cun CrCM c chiu ' MrNr ph3 in 3p cho ng c r h> in c0c Vu?ng chBm. Lsc ny rlD 9"ng r ch2a 3c ng nGn 3 ham gia !o m>ch CrCM ! ) c,a CrCM @6 9"ng cun nh^ khi h> 9o c0c nh X}Y . rGn lGn i? 3CL n?i Z lm C8 ing =C5 4C5 ph*n h7i Tm 3p Cz& 18: h>n ch( 5< ) c,a CrCM Xcv cfqY. no !By in c0c ;6 2 3 28c 89h> Vu?ng chBm. 1C9 16 6: 3 2 / C>: Nhi in c0c ch>m !o kim1C5 lo>i hA 9"ng l l<n nh# c"n in 3p 56ng y 01 ?/7/ 1<6 XngZn m>ch lm !icY rlD n 3c ng n?i Z 3 rong m>ch cun CrCM. k cun ny ;i chiu ! c gi3 r` l<n& MrNr ph3 in 3p c#p cho r k4o in c0c lGn nhanh Xc0c nh XUY in 3p c#p . rGnY. m- kh3c lsc ny i? bCL hng 69 C6 6Th C/7 m>ch rlD 3p z !ch kch C NTr c,a ng c r ' gi*m C 6/ hng ! ?c ng c nTng in c0c ing lGn. Lsc ny 9o c0c nh in 3p XUY . rGn nGn 3CL kho3 6: ! 6Thham T/ C/C1 ; @ gia !o m>ch cun ph*n h7i Tm 3p Cz lm gi*m 9"ng $ua Cz& )0 h>n ch( 46 ) cun CrCM gi*m 5< Xc"n h>n ch( cv 13fqY 9o !By in 3p ph3 ra c,a 1 MrNr ceng ing lGn. C 1< rin c0c r[i khî kim lo>i hA h7 $uang ceng 28c m7i. Trong $u3 rAnh C9 B6 6 in c0c i lGn hA \h$ gi*m ! |h$ ing. 1iu in 3p l#y rGn b ! c gi*m 9Ln 11 1 CC 0 ) cun CrCM gi*m& in 3p MrNr ph3 ra gi*m ! ng c nTng c0c lGn 7 = 4 chBm 9Ln. Nhi in 3p ph3 ra c,a C5 MrNr 92ch kch C ng c r& ?c ng c cng chBm. Nhi cTn 56ng in 3p a l !<i 9"ng h7 $uang ri rGn c ! in 3p a l in cc !<i 3p h7 $uang ri rGn b hA ) c,a CrCM 56ng f& in 3p MrNr f ng c r 9Cng $uay ! h7 $uang ch3y ;n `nh. C c#u ruyn ng in c0c Ni l 15
17 1 C/C
1Anh R.R F(u m# ;n `nh hA hiu )? in 3p ) c ! cun CrM ) c ) lm MrNr ph3 in 3p c#p cho ng c r ' 9`ch c0c. Chiu ! ?c 9`ch c0c phO huc !o chiu ! l<n ) cun CrCM. F(u 9"ng \h$ ing Xchiu 9i ng%n lPa gi*mY hA r nTng in c0c lGn. F(u \h$ gi*m hA ng28c l>i.
16
Nhi H h7 $uang X\h$fY hA $u3 rAnh 9i=n ra nh2 lsc m7i h7 $uang. ch( kh?ng ch( 56ng ay cLu 9ao MCn 28c ng ! RCn 28c m.. Tay g> . !` r nTng XFY hay h> X1Y uu yGu cLu nTng h> in c0c. T3c 9Ong cun CrCR lsc ny gi?ng cun CrCM . ch( 0 ng.
R.R.R. k 7 iu chInh 9`ch c0c l" in h7 $uang 56ng hiri) or

k 7 5 iu chInh l" h7 $uang 56ng hyri) or 28c chI ra rGn XhAnh R.3Y. k 7 iu chInh M pha. { iu chInh cng )u# l" h7 $uang 56ng hyri) or l c ri'n !%ng nh# . Tbra ! Tc chI Thua F FNT ho* mwn c3c yGu cLu k4m h hua l0c ! )0 3c ng j NTM nhanh. C{R z{ { iu chInh hyri) or c h' lm !ic !<i l" 9ung l28ng RffT. rng c 9`ch c0c c cng )u# MMNx. T?c 9`ch c0c l<n nh# Xb.c Q cYmhph. M khi 9:ng hanh ring ! M.cmhph khi 9:ng [i. } 1 {zr FT\ ! 5i(n U 9"ng Tn hiu a l !y NF. TC i 53n 3C 9dn Nr c"n c n hiu ph*n h7i Tm ?c c,a ng c 9`ch c0c M. TC khTu khu(ch >i n hiu )ai lch ) i l kh?i ngu7n F]. F(u ch( in c,a l" C#p in cho kh?i khu(ch M h7 $uang 2ng Hng nh2 ch( - hA kh?i Nr khng c n hiu ra& ng c M khng $uay ! khng n 9`ch c0c. n
M R
MCL M{z {n
MC
RC R{z
RCL
M 1AnhW R.3
f f f f
L" h7 $uang
17
18
F(u ch( lm !ic m )ai lch khî ch( - Xnh2 \ h$ ing 9o ngZn m>ch& |h$ ing 9o ch2a m7i hay H h7 $uangY m l<n n hiu !28 $u3 !:ng khng nh>y c,a 5 iu chInh XoaM&oaR rGn hAnh R.bY ThA Lu ra kh?i NF c n hiu $ua Nr& rN&
Hcc
2H(aI
FTng
aR
f 1>
5M aM
U_maV DhqEFG
5R
1Anh R.b
M& R ) iu khi'n m. hyri) or c#p in cho ng c M $uay 9`ch c0c. Nhi |h$ ing hA ng c h> in c0c Vu?ng. T?c ng c V3c `nh 5.i hiu )? n hiu ra c,a kh?i khng nh>y ! n hiu ph*n h7i Tm 3p. @uy luB iu chInh h> in c0c l a l rGn on gi*i n hiu!o k' c* khi H h7 $uang Xo>n aR& 5RY. Nhi \h$ ing hA ng c nTng in c0c lGn& . !:ng hay ;i nh^ c,a \ h$ hA ?c nTng a l !n aM&5MY . !:ng hay ;i l<n c,a \h$ hA ?c nTng nh*y !% & ch( rlD > 28c nh[ ;n 3p nl rong m>ch ph*n h7i Tm in 3p. r-c nh /nh nh2 hAnh j cho kh* ning lo>i rC nhanh ch( )ai lch XngZn m>ch& H h7 $uangY ! rong giai o>n hon nguyGn& c3c )ai lch nh^ khng c 3c ng ho-c 3c ng . !:ng ?c nh^& 9o !By lo>i rC hin 28ng $u3 iu chInh. Cng ngh h0c ( hin nay c,a l" h7 $uang !ic ruyn ng 9`ch c0c c h' 9:ng ng c in M chiu ho-c ng c in Voay chiu khng 7ng 5. Tuy nhiGn !iGc ruyn ng 9:ng ng c Nr{ (n nay !dn 5` h>n ch( 9:ng 5.i ph2ng ph3p iu khi'n m-c 9: rGn h` r2[ng w c c3c 5 5i(n Ln& nh2ng gi3 hnh c"n Z & !ic iu chInh ?c c"n nhiu kh khin. rng c in m chiu hin nay 28c 9:ng r# ph; 5i(n rong c3c h h?ng ruyn ng -c 5i l rong ruyn ng 9`ch c0c l" h7 $uang. _ch iu chInh ! m>ch ng
19
l0c n gi*n& -c nh c cHng& kh* ning lm !ic $u3 *i l<n. Chnh !A !By m rong cng ngh l" h7 $uang h2[ng hay 9:ng ng c in M chiu kch C c lBp. .=. Thi!t "! (Jch ng lc R.3.M.ShTn ch ! 2a ra ) 7 nguyGn lK cho m>ch ng l0c hDo ph2ng ph3p iu khi'n chung. _<i h h?ng c,a a l h h?ng ruyn ng c *o chiu ng c c,a h l ng c in m chiu kch C c lBp& ' iu khi'n *o chiu ng c a 9:ng hai 5 chInh l2u ia 3 pha mZc )ong )ong ng28c X9:ng hyri) orY iu khi'n hDo ph2ng ph3p iu khi'n chung. _By a c ) 7 m>ch ng l0c nh2 hAnh ! 92ch ng l0c 20
Trong W {zW M3y 5i(n 3p ng l0c. {{r\& \\W { 5i(n ;i \ ! \\ 9:ng ' cung c#p in cho ng c lm !ic hDo chiu $uay mong mu?n. C{M C{RW 1ai cun kh3ng cTn 56ng. C)5W Cun kh3ng )an 56ng. CNrWCun kch C ng c. rW rng c in m chiu kch C c lBp. R.3.R.{ chInh l2u c iu khi'n . Fh2 w 5i( rong $u3 rAnh lm !ic c,a l" h7 $uang hA c )0 in m"n in c0c lm cho cng )u# l" h7 $uang hay ;i. r' ;n `nh ch( lm !ic c,a ng%n lPa h7 $uang X;n `nh cng )u# l" h7 $uangY hA a c h' )P 9Ong h h?ng nTng h> in c0c l" h7 $uang m c3ch 0 ng ho-c khi cLn hay ;i cng )u# l" hA a c h' nTng h> in c0c 56ng ay. Trong nhiu r2[ng h8p a cLn ph*i hay ;i 928c chiu 9"ng $ua phO *i c,a 5 chInh l2u& m 9o nh 9dn 9"ng m chiu c,a c3c !an nGn a ph*i *o chiu 56ng cng Zc ho-c )P 9Ong c3c ) 7& -c 5i )P 9Ong R 5 chInh l2u m mti 5 chInh l2u >o ra 9"ng in hDo m h2<ng. r' iu khi'n R 5 chInh l2u rong r2[ng h8p c *o chiu ng2[i a c h' )P 9Ong m )? ph2ng ph3p )auW U riu khi'n riGng r Xiu khi'n c lBpY R ) 7 chInh l2u. U riu khi'n ph?i h8p R ) 7 chInh l2u. Trong ph2ng ph3p ny l>i 28c chia hnh. } riu khi'n ph?i h8p uy(n nh. } riu khi'n ph?i h8p phi uy(n. ShO huc !o ph2ng ph3p iu khi'n R ) 7 chInh l2u rong h8p 5 5i(n ;i m ) 7 m>ch ng l0c 5 5i(n ;i ceng c )0 kh3c nhau. Nhi iu khi'n ph?i h8p c3c ) 7 chInh l2u hA rong m>ch ng l0c 5uc ph*i )P 9Ong c3c cun kh3ng ' h>n ch( 9"ng cTn 56ng.Sh2ng ph3p iu khi'n ny c 3c ng nhanh& $uan h giQa gc iu khi'n ! in 3p chInh l2u rung 5Anh l n r`. Fi 9ung c,a ph2ng ph3p iu khi'n 5 5i(n ;i *o chiu hDo ph2ng ph3p ph?i h8p uy(n nh. Nhi h0c hin ph2ng ph3p iu khi'n ny ng2[i a h0c hin ph2ng ph3p ruyn n hiu iu khi'n (n c* hai ) 7 chInh l2u !i ) lm !ic . ch( ngh`ch l2u 8i. 1guyKn lL lM( vic cNa O Oi!n iP ]i* )P {{r\ Xg7m c3c !an TM&TR&T3Y khi lm !ic . ch( chInh l2u hA ng c r $uay huBn. {{r\\ Xg7m c3c !an T b&Tc&TjY khi lm !ic . ch( chInh l2u hA ng c r $uay ng28c. Nhi a ph3 Vung (n n. cho c3c !an . {{r\ !<i gc m. Mmff ! {{r\\ !<i gc m. mff !<i $uan h M } R Mpff. Lsc ny . Lu ra c,a hai {{r c in 3p ra l |9M ! |9R. |9M |9f. co)M |9R |9f. co)R rin 3p - lGn ng c l |9 in 3p cTn 56ng l in 3p giQa hai i'm an? ! ka ? c,a hai 5 5i(n ;i Xhai i'm z ! NY. |c5 |9M} |9R |9MU XU |9RY
U d = U dM U cb U + UdR = U dM dM R R U dM U d R R
Ud =
Nhi #y in 3p |9 - lGn phLn Hng ng c ! ng c ) $uay huBn. _By a c gi*n 7 in 3p c,a 9"ng ! 3p $ua c3c !an c,a 5 5i(n ;i nh2 hAnh !. TC gi*n 7 in 3p a nhBn h#y. no 7n >i in 3p | c5 m )inh ra 9"ng ic5nh2 !By 9"ng $ua c3c !an ngoi 9"ng i9 $ua ng c c"n c 9"ng ic5. n"ng ic5 chI ch>y $u+n giQa R{{r. _By ' h>n ch( 9"ng cTn 56ng ny rong ) 7 a )P 9Ong R cun kh3ng )an 56ng l C{M ! C{R. 1ai cun ny c L C{ l<n ' h>n ch( 9"ng cTn 56ng *m 5*o \C{ Mfq \9.
22
uc
l
n aM
un
l
iT
M
aR
o iT
R
o iT
3
ic o
1Anh R.jW r-c nh h[i gian c,a m>ch l0c .4.Thi!t "! (Jch iu "hiQn. Ta c ) 7 kh?i h h?ng iu khi'n hDo pha Hng nh2 )auW |r c kk |
k
|M
r{1 kC Nh?i M
T Nh?i 3
|kT
Nh?i R
23
Trong W Nh?i MW Nh?i 7ng 5 ho3 ! ph3 in 3p ring c2a Xr{1 U kCY. Nh?i RW Nh?i )o )3nh XkkY. Nh?i 3W Nh?i >o Vung XTY. |MW rin 3p ngu7n Xin 3p l2<iY Voay chiu cung c#p cho ) 7 chInh l2u. |rcW rin 3p 0a h2[ng c 9>ng hAnh ring c2a l#y C Lu ra kh?i r{1 U kC. |kW rin 3p iu khi'n& Ty l in 3p M chiu 28c 2a C ngoi !o 9:ng ' iu khi'n gi3 r` gc . |kTW rin 3p iu khi'n T. 1guyKn lL hRJt ng cNa h th#ng iu "hiQn thSR nguyKn tTc ,ha *ng nh $auP Tn hiu in 3p cung c#p cho m>ch ng l0c 5 chInh l2u 28c 2a ch 7ng 5 ho3 cho a in 3p h2[ng c 9>ng hAnh )in c Ln )? 56ng Ln )? ngu7n cung c#p& r:ng pha ho-c lch pha m gc V3c `nh )o !ch ph3 in 3p ring c2a |rc a 28c m h h?ng |rc 7ng 5 ! Ln )? ! gc pha !o ra Vung iu khi'n $uy( `nh gc m. . r' hay ;i gc m. a hay ;i gi3 r` | k. . m )? r2[ng h8p hA Vung ra C kh?i )o )3nh 28c 2a (n in c0c iu khi'n T& nh2ng rong a )? c3c r2[ng h8p hA n hiu ra kh?i kk ch2a , c3c yGu cLu cLn hi( ?i !i Vung. _ic ny 28c h0c hin 5.i m m>ch >o Vung XTY. Nhi . Lu ra kh?i T a c chuti Vung iu khi'n | kT c , c3c hng )? yGu cLu ! cng )u# & 9i& 9?c m- ngoi c,a Vung Fh2ng h[i i'm Vu# hin c,a c3c Vung hA hon on r:ng !<i h[i i'm Vu# hin Vung rGn Lu ra kh?i )o )3nh. _By a c h' hay ;i h[i i'm Vu# hin Vung ra kh?i kk 56ng c3ch hay ;i gi3 r` |k. Hc l ' iu khi'n 28c gi3 r` gc m. a chI !ic hay ;i gi3 r` in 3p |k.
R.b.M.NhTu 7ng 5 ho3 U ph3 )ng ringc2a Xr{{1UkCY
24
+Ucc
BA 1
D01
R1 TR01 R2 A02 + C1
R3
-Ucc WR01
URC
WR02
Ud
1Anh R.Wk 7 m>ch r{1UkC U{zrW {i(n 3p 7ng 5 ' l#y n hiu r{1. UM>ch >o in 3p ring c2a )P 9Ong Tr ! c3c in r. UFgu7n n>p cho O 9o \C NrTT >o ra. FguyGn lK lm !ic W U]i* hi( C f hA |5 f ! 5Z Lu chuy'n )ang nPa chu ku 92ng 9dn (n nfM m. m>ch ph3 g?c TrfM 5` - in 3p ng28c Tr kho3 O CM 28c n>p in !p khng ;i & 2[ng n>p c,a O lW }|cc UU zfMUU CM UU 3 UU xfM UUU|cc ! in 3p rGn O l W
UcXt Y = M C
i
f
.dt + Uc f
!p cho O CM W
iC = Ura Uc + Ucc Ucc = R3 + WRM R3 + WRM
no ic i! } if m if f UU ic i! _By
Uc Xt Y = M M Ucc .i c .t = . .t C C R3 + WRM
rin 3p )2[n r2<c ring c2a 5i(n ;i hDo hm 5Bc nh# (n h[i i'm in 3p 7ng 5 56ng f ! 5Z Lu chuy'n )ang Tm nfM kho3 l>i r m. O CM phng in & 2[ng phng c,a O CM W }CMUU TrfM UU UCM in 3p rGn O gi*m nhanh ! f ! giQ nguyGn h[i i'm R $u3 rAnh l-p l>i. ]i*n 7 in 3p c,a m>ch 7ng 5 ho3 U ph3 )ng ring c2a
25
Uv Ub Urc Ub 0
Urc+Ud
Ub
1Anh R.p.]i*n 7 Vung kh?i r{1UkC
R.b.R. NhTu )o )3nh .
Ud URC
Rd1 R4 R5 +ucc
+
A03 -ucc
U K R6 R7
- +ucc A04 +
Ud Rd2 R9 R10
A05 +
+ucc
-ucc
-ucc URC
1Anh R.m .Nh?i )o )3nh
26
rin 3p iu khi'n |k 28c 2a C m>ch ;ng h8p !ng gi?ng h nhau nGn ' *m 5*o !ic ph3 Vung (n iu khi'n R nhm !an c,a R{{r *m 5*o iu kin M } R Mpff. Ta c gi*n 7 minh ho> )0 lm !ic c,a m>ch )o )3nh . rin 3p k c3c kGnh ph3 Vung cho 5 chInh l2u huBn 28c l#y 56ng in 3p |kT U|k c"n in 3p iu khi'n c3c kGnh ph3 Vung cho 5 chInh l2u ng28c 28c l#y C Lu ra 5 khu(ch a` *o zb !i M. M n hiu !o l in 3p iu khi'n chung !By |kng |k.
Ub
0 Uss
3 2
Ub
-U #$ URC%+Ud% Ub
2
0
-U !"
Ura1
1
0 Ura2
Ub
2
0
Ub
1Anh R.MfW ]i*n 7 Vung ra kh?i )o )3nh
R.b.3. Nh?i >o Vung. ChHc ning c,a kh?i l >o ra Vung c rng , l<n& 5iGn , l<n Hc l *m 5*o c3c yGu cLu ! m- k huB c,a m Vung iu khi'n ! ho* mwn yGu cLu c,a ?i 28ng iu khi'n.
27
a.M>ch )Pa Vung. Trong m )? r2[ng h8p hA 9i Vung $u3 ngZn khng , ' m. hyri) or ! ng28c l>i c m )? r2[ng h8p 9i Vung l>i $u3 l<n lm cho c3c ranli or khu(ch >i Vung lm !ic . ch( 9"ng c0c gp l<n khi in 3p c0c gp cao gTy ra ;n h# l<n rong m>ch ph3 Vung r' khZc phOc a 9:ng m m>ch )Pa Vung& m>ch ny c 3c 9Ong l khi c3c Vung !o c 9i kh3c nhau m>ch !dn cho c3c Vung ra c 9i gi?ng nhau hDo yGu cLu ! giQ nguyGn h[i i'm 5Z Lu Vu# hin c,a mti Vung. Ta c ) 7 m>ch )Pa Vung nh2 )auW U|cc
o o
Mf
CR
MM
MR TrM
o o
|z3X|zcY
|ra
nM
1Anh R.MM.jW k 7 m>ch )Pa Vung. 5.M>ch khu(ch >i. Thng h2[ng c3c Vung Lu ra c,a m>ch )Pa Vung c cng Vu# nh^ ch2a , ' iu khi'n c3c hyri) or nGn a ph*i )P 9Ong hGm 5 khu(ch >i Vung. M>ch khu(ch >i Vung )P 9Ong R ranli or mZc hDo ki'u arling n XmZc n?i i(p R ranli orY. k 7 m>ch nh2 )auW n3 {z o o ] }|cc nb |kT xM xR n
R
M3
| o !
TrR
Tr3
1Anh R.MR M>ch khu(ch >i Vung Nhi |! . mHc h#p hA TrR kho3 Tr3 kho3 nGn ch2a c Vung ra. Nhi |! . mHc cao hA TrR ! Tr3 m. 5wo ho rGn cun ) c#p m3y 5i(n 3p Vung 28c -
28
in 3p 56ng in 3p ra hDo luB c*m Hng in C hA 5Gn hH c#p c M Vung ra& Vung ny $ua nR (n iu khi'n T. Nhi 9"ng $ua ) c#p c,a {z ing 9Ln (n m gi3 r` no hA m>ch C c,a {z chuy'n )ang 5wo ho& in 3p cun hH c#p f Xk( hsc in 3p raY. ]i*n 7 in 3p Vung iu khi'n nh2 )auW 1Anh R.M3W]i*n 7 Vung m>ch iu khi'n
Ub
p 0 URC phR 0 Uss1 aM 0 Uss2 aR 0 Usx1 Rp
3p
-Ukng Rp p -Ukth
t
0 Usx2
t
0 UkT1 aM 0 UkT2 aR 0
29
Fh2 !By n(u 9i c,a Vung in 3p !o , l<n hA 9i c,a Vung in 3p ra ceng hay ;i chI phO huc !o k( c#u m>ch C c,a M{z. r(n khi k( hsc Vung !o hA TrR ! Tr3 kho3 l>i& 9"ng c0c gp c,a ranli or gi*m ng ! f& n(u rGn ) 7 khng c nR hA lsc ny )0 5i(n hiGn 9"ng in $ua cun ) c#p hay ;i r# ng X9ixMh9 Y ! r# l<n 9dn (n rGn cun xM ! xR c Vung in 3p ng28c c0c nh )o !i c gi3 r` r# l<n gTy $u3 3p cho ranli or. r' *m 5*o an on ! ngin Vung Tm rGn ) 7 a )P 9Ong R i? nR ! n3. T3c 9Ong c,a nR l 5*o ! $u3 3p& 9Bp )Hc in ng 0 c*m c,a cun 9Ty {z. n3 c 3c 9Ong ngin khng cho Vung Tm (n iu khi'n hyri) or. .A. ?Jch lRgic tng hU, tVn hiu tJR luWt iu "hiQn R.c.M. Nh3i nim. Fh2 a w 5i( ' ;n `nh ch( lm !ic c,a m >i l28ng ra no hA a ph*i l#y ph*n h7i c,a >i l28ng $uay r. ! ' kh?ng ch( Lu !o. _A !By ' ;n `nh )0 ch3y c,a ng%n lPa h7 $uang Xcng )u# ng%n lPa h7 $uangY hA a l#y n hiGO ph*n h7i c,a cung lPa h7 $uang ' $uay r. l>i kh?ng ch( ?c $uay& chiu $uay ng c 9`ch c0c l" h7 $uang ' cho 9"ng h7 $uang ch3y ;n `nh. no rong $u3 rAnh ch3y ng%n lPa h7 $uang lun hay ;i 9o in c0c 5` in m"n lm cho 9"ng ! 3p h7 $uang hay ;i& nGn khi ng c lun ph*i lm !ic ' 9`ch c0c h7 $uang cho h7 $uang ch3y ;n `nh m-c 9: khi 9"ng h7 $uang !dn n6m rong ph>m !i cho ph4p i khi n c"n gTy ra hin 28ng $u3 iu chInh lm *nh h2.ng n ch( ?i hi'u )0 9`ch chuy'n khng cLn hi( khi ch( lm !ic 5` ph3 !v rong ph>m !i cho ph4p hA a c h' )P 9Ong m>ch >o luB iu khi'n ' >o ra m !:ng khng nh>y h>n ch( )0 9`ch chuy'n in c0c. Fgoi ra m>ch ny c"n >o ra -c nh /nh c,a h h?ng iu khi'n 9`ch c0c l" h7 $uang 9:ng hyri) or ng c. _ch >o luB iu khi'n l >o ra m !:ng khng nh>y X} ! UY khi h7 $uang c"n hay ;i rong !:ng khng nh>y ny hA m>ch ) ph3 ra m n
30
hiu iu khi'n ' ng c 9`ch c0c l" h7 $uang Hng yGn | kc f. THc l in c0c l" h7 $uang Hng yGn.
Hcc
H(aI
FTng
U
f 1>
}
U_maV
DhqEFG
1Anh R.Mb Nhi hay ;i c,a h7 $uang \ } hA m>ch ) 2a ra n hiu iu khi'n yGu cLu ng c 9`ch c0c $uay ng28c lGn ' nTng in c0c lGn. F(u hay ;i c,a 9"ng h7 $uang \ c"n n6m rong kho*ng X}& aY hA ?c ng c ) hay ;i uy(n nh hDo )0 hay ;i c,a 9"ng h7 $uang \. Fh2ng khi )0 hay ;i \ m l<n hn gi3 r` a hA gi3 r` ?c ng c ) > gi3 r` ?c c0c >i khi in c0c l" h7 $uang ) 28c nTng lGn !ch 2a ra n hiu iu khi'n yGu cLu ng c $uay Vu?ng 7ng h[i h> in c0c l" h7 $uang Vu?ng ' ing 9"ng h7 $uang. Fh2 !By m>ch >o luB iu khi'n l m>ch c chHc ning >o ra !:ng khng nh>y ! c h' iu chInh 28c ph>m !i c,a !:ng 7ng h[i c h' hay ;i 28c 9"ng in h7 $uang . m gi3 r` no . Nhi m>ch >o luB iu khi'n cLn c3c gi3 r` n hiu l. ' >o nGn !:ng khng nh>y& n hiu | 9M& |9R >o gi3 r` - 9"ng h7 $uang cLn ;n `nh ! c3c n hiu ph*n h7i z\ h$ ! U{|h$ ' )o )3nh ! >o luB iu khi'n 2a in c0c. R.c.R. k 7 kh?i c,a m>ch. z.\h$ } U|9M U|9R U
M>ch >o luB iu khi'n U{|h$
|k
c
31
Nh?i U|9M U|9R l kh?i >o ra gi3 r` 9"ng in cLn ;n `nh hng rOc XU |9MY& hng n !` XU|9RY. Nh?i }& U l kh?i >o ra ng2vng khng nh>y. Trong 5*n hTn m>ch >o luB iu khi'n ) chia c3c n hiu rGn hnh R nhm |M ! |R ' >o nGn R h[i i'm $uy( `nh n hiu Lu ra c,a m>ch kh?ng ch(. _<iW |M } } z\h$U {|h$U |9MU |9R |R U } z\h$U {|h$U |9MU |9R r- W | z\h$U {|h$U |9MU |9R |M } } | |R U } | h FguyGn lK lm !ic c,a m>ch. NhiW |M } | f |R U | f ThA m>ch kh?ng ch( 2a n hiu kh?ng ch( (n m>ch ph3 Vung ' kh?ng ch( )0 ng m. c3c hyri) or ' ng c Hng yGn. NhiW |M } | f |R U | f ThA m>ch kh?ng ch( 2a n hiu kh?ng ch( (n m>ch ph3 Vung ' kh?ng ch( )0 ng m. c3c hyri) or ' ng c $uay lGn Xin c0c i lGnY. NhiW |M } | f |R U | f ThA m>ch kh?ng ch( 2a n hiu (n m>ch ph3 Vung kh?ng ch( )0 ng m. c3c hyri) or ' ng c i Vu?ng Xh> in c0cY. .B C.c (Jch ,hXn hi vM (Jch Yt in ., chuZn. R.j.M. M>ch ph*n h7i 9"ng in h7 $uang Xz\h$Y. M>ch ny c nhim !O nhBn n hiu in 3p C m3y 5i(n 9"ng a l !ch >o luB iu khi'n& n hiu ny ph*n 3nh )0 hay ;i c,a 9"ng in h7 $uang. r' ph*n 3nh rung h0c n hiu ph*n h7i 9"ng in a c h' )P 9Ong ) 7 m>ch chInh l2u chnh V3c ' 5i(n ;i n hiu Voay chiu )ang m3y 5i(n 9"ng 2a !o Lu !o nhBn n hiu ph*n h7i 9"ng c,a m>ch >o luB iu khi'n.
32
k 7 nguyGn lK nh2 )auW R 3 M b
Mf
\h$
zM }
nM
nR
U } zR
j m CM CR
C3 U } z3 M>ch >o luB iu khi'n
1Anh R.Mc
r' phTn ch ho> ng c,a ) 7 a i phTn ch ho> ng c,a Cng khTu )au. a. ?Jch chnh lu cc tVnh. TC ) 7 a h#y R phLn P zM& zR ng !ai r" l m>ch chInh l2u chnh V3c on )ng. Trong zM k( h8p !o hnh m>ch chInh l2u M c0c nh khng 5wo ho gc phLn 2 hH R. z R k( h8p !o nGn m>ch cng *o n hiu. _By ) 7 m>ch ny nh2 )auW R 3 M z b U } zR
o
|!o
zM }
nM
nR
1Anh R.Mj 1guyKn lL lM( vicP Nhi |!o f hA in 3p ra >i i'm z c,a NrTT& | z f nGn n hiu !o c;ng *o chI c"n n hiu in 3p !o. r' m>ch lm nhim !O chInh l2u Hc l in 3p ra 56ng in 3p !o hA a ch%n h )? khu(ch >i c,a 5 cng *o M XN MY. N chR M c R
33
Nhi in 3p ra |ra UchR. |!o U|!o Nhi |!o f hA in 3p Lu ra c,a m>ch chInh l2u l. |z U3hM.|!o U|!o !i i'm z nGn khi a c in 3p Lu ra c,a 5 chInh l2u lW
Rc R c Rc Rc Rc Rc ( ) U ra = . U + . U = U + . U U = A vao vao vao ra R R R .U vao R R R R b R b b R
r' in 3p ra 56ng in 3p !o hA. chR chb UM c. b c. R URb c. b XcU bY. R m a ch%n c R b cU b b MhRc O. ?Jch l[c. p Mf
j CM
m CR
C3 U } z3 |ra M>ch >o luB iu khi'n
|!o
1Anh R.M C3c phLn P j& & p& m& CM& CR& C3& Mf ! NrTT z3 rGn ) 7 ng !ai r" l m>ch khu(ch >i *o ! l%c n hiu. M>ch ny c 3c 9Ong l lo>i i nhQng hnh phLn )ng hi 55Bc cao. . 5 l%c ny a )P 9Ong 3 khTu ch phTn mZc n?i i(p !ch in 28c khu(ch >i nGn nh[ in r. h7i i(p p& c"n nhQng )ng hi 5Bc cao hA 5` 9Bp i nh[ 3 O l%c C M& CR& C3. M>ch ny c chHc ning l *o n hiu nGn khi in 3p !o l Tm hA in 3p ra ) l 92ng 9o in 3p ra c,a m>ch l 92ng in 3p ra c,a m>ch chInh l2u l 92ng.
34
R.j.R. M>ch ph*n h7i in 3p h7 $uang X{.|h$) M>ch c 3c 9Ong nhBn n hiu in 3p c,a in c0c l" h7 $uang $ua m3y 5i(n 3p (n m>ch ph*n h7i in 3p. rLu ra c,a m>ch ph*n h7i in 3p 28c 2a ch >o luB iu khi'n. k 7 m>ch nh2 )au. R 3 M b U } zR C3 U } z3 c p m
{.|h
$
zM }
nM
nR
j Mf CM CR
MM
NM MR
NR M3
N3 Mb
Nb Mc
Nc Mj U }
ph zb |ra M>ch >o luB iu khi'n
1Anh R.Mp TC ) 7 rGn cW
k 7 g7m R kh?iW Nh?i \ chnh l m>ch chInh l2u chnh V3c Xnh2 mOc MY !ch khu(ch >i *o chiu g7m c c3c in r. C MM Mj ! ph& NrTT zb. M>ch ny ngoi chHc ning khu(ch >i *o chiu n hiu ra hA n c"n c h' hay ;i 28c h )? khu(ch >i 56ng c3ch ng m. c3c kho3 N. Nhi c3c kho3 N c:ng m. hA W
U ra min = R ph RMM + RMR + RM3 + RMb + RMc + RMj .U vao
35
FGn khi hay ;i )0 ng m. kho3 N hA a hay ;i 28c h )? khu(ch >i c,a m>ch Hc l hay ;i in 3p ra. Nhi c3c kho3 N m. hA |ra l min. Nhi c3c kho3 N ng hA |ra l maV. |ramaV phhMM. |!o Trong $u3 rAnh n#u h4p 56ng 9"ng h7 $uang& Hng !n cLn M cng )u# l" kh3c nhau& nGn ng2[i a ph*i hay ;i nhiu c#p c,a {z l"& Hng !i ;ng h8p lun lun c gi3 r` V3c `nh a hi( k( 5 iu khi'n in 3p& !ic hay ;i c3c gi3 r` ny h0c hin 56ng c3c kho3 N X5 phTn 3pY ng m. c3c in r. Lu !o khTu *o 9#u zb. R.j.3. M>ch - 9"ng h7 $uang. Mti cng )u# l" khi hay ;i ) c 9"ng h7 $uang `nh mHc \ m kh3c nhau. Trong $u3 rAnh n#u h4p ) yGu cLu cng )u# kh3c nhau& 9"ng h7 $uang 28c V3c `nh hDo m gi3 r` - r2<c ! giQa gi3 r` khi h7 $uang ch3y ;n `nh. ]i3 r` 9"ng - 28c - hDo R mHc a l c,a 9"ng h7 $uang `nh mHc Xhng rOc ! hng n !` hDo q\mY. r' - in 3p ng2vng Xgi3 r` 9"ng in cLn ;n `nh |9M& |9R& !:ng khng nh>y Y hA c h' )P 9Ong m>ch in h0c hin )au. MHc in 3p Lu ra c,a zR& z3 l hon on nh2 nhau& nh2ng nh[ c3c gi3 r` in r. n?i chsng !ch ; h8p nGn chsng ) > gi3 r` hng rOc XU| 9MY ! hng n !` XU|RY kh3c nhau. Nhi ch2a c 9"ng h7 $uang ho-c khi 9"ng h7 $uang \ h$ cq\1 hA 9"ng - 5` 9Bp $ua zM& TrM& TrR& n *m 5*o nh ning khi khng c in 3p l" hA ng c Hng yGn& khi 9"ng h7 $uang hay ;i ) h>n ch( 28c n hiu h> in c0c.
36
k 7 m>ch - 9"ng h7 $uang nh2 )auW }o

o }|
cc
f f f f
M R 3
j U }
b c fM
zR
}|cc
&
U|9M
TrM U z } M }
o
U|cc
o o
TrR
o
f f f f
}|cc fM M R 3 b U } p
z3
U|9R
1Anh R.Mm R.j.b. r- !:ng khng nh>y. _:ng khng nh>y l gi3 r` - r2<c c kh* ning hay ;i hDo c#p C XfMfYq gi3 r` `nh mHc c,a n hiu iu khi'n. Tuu hDo $u3 rAnh n#u h4p m a - c3c mHc kh3c nhau. F(u ;ng h8p 9"ng 3p h7 $uang hDo 5i'u hHcW | a|h$U 5\h$ l<n hn R gi3 r` !:ng khng nh>y hA n hiu iu khi'n X|k fY ! cho n hiu iu khng khi'n. Nhi | nh^ hn !:ng}khng nh>y hA ng c M $uay Hc in c0c o }Mc! U o N yGn. Hng zR f R } } f k 7 m>ch - !:ng khng nh>yW R f f R M U } zM
U 37
1Anh R.Rf R.j.c. NhTu ph*n h7i Tm ?c . r' nTng cao cHng -c nh c 5in ph3p ? nh# l )P 9Ong ph*n h7i. Sh*n h7i Tm ?c 28c l#y $ua m3y ph3 ?c& m3y ph3 ?c l m3y ph3 in m chiu& c in 3p ra a l !<i ?c ng c. Tn hiu ph*n h7i 28c l#y rGn in r. M 2a (n khTu ;ng h8p n hiu.
o r
| U.n
1Anh R.RM R.j.j. NhTu ph*n h7i Tm 9"ng in c ngZ . r' r3nh 9"ng in $ua ng c ing $u3 mHc cho ph4p khi kh.i ng& hwm hay g-p $u3 *i. Trong h h?ng a )P 9Ong m>ch in ' h>n ch( 9"ng in phLn Hng& . Ty )P 9Ong m>ch ph*n h7i Tm 9"ng c ngZ . z
o
k 7 o m>ch ph*n h7i Tm 9"ng c ngZ nh2 )auW C CL U }
{\
zM
}|cc
38
1Anh R.RR M3y 5i(n 9"ng {\ nh6m c3ch ly ! in giQa m>ch ng l0c ! m>ch kh?ng ch(& >o ra in 3p a l !<i 9"ng phLn Hng& ! 28c chInh l2u $ua 5 chInh l2u CL. Tn hiu ph*n h7i 28c l#y m phLn rGn in r. ! 28c )o )3nh !<i in 3p ng2vng Xin 3p - hay chnh l 9"ng in - Y. Nhi \2 \ng hA Lu ra c,a z c gi3 r` Tm lm cho i n kho3& khng c n hiu (n khTu ;ng h8p Hc l khTu ngZ ch2a ham gia. Nhi \2 \ng hA Lu ra c,a z c gi3 r` 92ng lm cho n hng Hc l c n hiu (n khTu ;ng h8p n hiu lsc ny khTu ngZ 5Z Lu ham gia lm h>n ch( 9"ng in Hc gc m. ing |2 gi*m. R.j.. Thi( k( m>ch >o ngu7n nui. Trong m>ch iu khi'n )P 9Ong c3c linh kin in P ' >o ngu7n nui cho c3c hi( 5` ny a 9:ng m m>ch in >o ra mHc in 3p Mc! ' >o ngu7n nui.
39
1Anh R.R3 {zW kP 9Ong m3y 5i(n 3p pha . pha ) c#p RRf! & . hH c#p c hai cun 9Ty xRM ! xRR !o ra mHc in 3p Mc! m chiu.
Chng =. Gi.( $.t h th#ng O\ng (] ,h^ng

=.1. ?] ,h^ng h th#ng
40
=. . 7Kt quX (] ,h^ng h pWhh ailiDu.!nhVDmU aiUliDuhluanU!anU hiD UkDUhDU hongU9iDuUkhiDnU9ongUcoU nangUhaU9iDnUcucUloUhoU$uangU.jmm3M.h ml h p)Whh9oc).googlD.comh!iDDra!$cachDWuz5MMkpDoW.lrcU nu.D9u.!nWpfpfhg)9lhcollDc hluan!anlharchi!D)h1zk1fMm9.9irh9oc.p9}m qC3q{b}phqMq{{qpng}hqMq{{qp} hqMq{{qmMng} qCbqmMiqMq{{qpMu}khiqMq{{qp3n}qCbqmMiqMq{{qpn}c qMq{{q{Mc}lqC3q{R}hqMq{{ qm3}$uanghl!igl!npi95l)rci9zn]k]5cf|ynbnypmpcml yT!5lbkp3rU CMiL ljb|p|i$cVLoD\MLCRC\xliVVFpnyL_ianF $yRV)! zCgx{F1R p!j$uM3Ml5)pT_jl] agng9!)igz1\ 5k!MNc p3k {cFhDf!)\l|g h p)Whh9oc).googlD.comh!iDDra!$cachDW$mM5N_p@W.lrcU nu.D9u.!nWpfpfhg)9lhcollDc hluan!anlharchi!D)h1zk1fMp.9irh9oc.p9}M
41
qC3q{b}phqMq{{qpng}hqMq{{qp} hqMq{{qmMng} qCbqmMiqMq{{qpMu}chqMq{{qpmnh}lqC3q{R}hqMq{{ qm3}$uanghl!igl!npi95l)rci9zn]kg R{zc\{_3pkVR Ci3zokMcTc |_MDl@\CT319DuaR]kN3D]{pf\kyn U joCrxlM|!p|p35@Mn5SMpl)cf_3Lgkl{mmfxhz3FDb||y )igz1\ 5x)z3Fa\x TjC|l$VyCg
42

đề 52

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

đề 52

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MC LC ...................................................................................................

Chng 1. Tng quan truyn ng in iu chnh in cc l h quang

hng $ua hiu c3c n hiu 9"ng ! 3pW

Chng . Thi!t "! h th#ng iu chnh in cc l $% &'ng ng c in (t chiu

R.R.R. k 7 iu chInh 9`ch c0c l" in h7 $uang 56ng hiri) or

{{r\\ TM TR T3 C{R \c5 N

CNr 1Anh R.cW k 7 nguyGn lK m>ch ng l0c 20

R.b.M.NhTu 7ng 5 ho3 U ph3 )ng ringc2a Xr{{1UkCY

1Anh R.p.]i*n 7 Vung kh?i r{1UkC

R.b.R. NhTu )o )3nh .

1Anh R.m .Nh?i )o )3nh

1Anh R.MfW ]i*n 7 Vung ra kh?i )o )3nh

p 0 URC phR 0 Uss1 aM 0 Uss2 aR 0 Usx1 Rp

M>ch >o luB iu khi'n U{|h$

k 7 nguyGn lK nh2 )auW R 3 M b

C3 U } z3 M>ch >o luB iu khi'n

C3 U } z3 |ra M>ch >o luB iu khi'n

ph zb |ra M>ch >o luB iu khi'n

1Anh R.Mp TC ) 7 rGn cW

k 7 m>ch - 9"ng h7 $uang nh2 )auW }o

k 7 o m>ch ph*n h7i Tm 9"ng c ngZ nh2 )auW C CL U }

Chng =. Gi.( $.t h th#ng O\ng (] ,h^ng

You might also like