MC LC

Li m u2 Chng 1:Tng quan v cng ngh..3 1.1 Gii thiu v chun giao tip LPT..3 1.2 Gii thiu v c|c linh kin s dng trong b{i.6 1.3 Vi mch 8255A...9 1.4 IC cht 74LS373....11 1.5ADC 0809...12 Chng 2.Chng trnh iu khin gi|m s|t...15 2.1 Lu thut to|n...15 2.2 S mch.16 2.3 Giao din v{ code iu khin.17 2.4 Kt lun..24

LI NI U Trong my chc nm qua, khoa hc my tnh v x l thng tin c nhng bc tin vc bc v ngy cng c nhng ng gp to ln vo cuc cch mng khoa hc k thut hin i. c bit s ra i v pht trin nhanh chng ca k thut s l{m cho ng{nh in t tr nn phong ph v a dng hn. N gp phn rt ln trong vic a k thut hin i thm nhp rng ri vo mi lnh vc ca hot ng sn xut, kinh t v{ i sng x hi. T nhng h thng my tnh ln n nhng h thng my tnh c nhn , t nhng vic iu khin cc my cng nghip n cc thit b phc v i sng hng ngy ca con ngi. Vi mong mun tm hiu, ng dng nhng tin b ca khoa hc k thut hin i vo phc v sn xut v phc v i sng con ngi Vi s gip ca cc thy c gio trong b mn em ~ ho{n th{nh thit k ca mnh. Tuy nhin do kin thc cn hn ch nn khng trnh khi sai st mong qu thy c ch bo em c th hon thin thit k ca mnh hn. Em xin chn thnh cm n. Sau }y em xin trnh b{y chi tit v thit k ca mnh.

CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V CNG NGH

1.1. Gii thiu v chun giao tip LPT Cng my in hay cn gi l cng LPT,cng song song hoc giao din Centronic c mt hu ht cc my tnh PC.Cu trc ca cng song song rt n gin vi t|m ng dn d liu,mt ng dn mass chung, bn ng dn iu khin chuyn cc d liu ti m|y in v{ nm ng dn trng th|i truyn cc thng tin v trng thi ca m|y in ngi tr li my tnh.Tt c c|c ng dn cng n{y u tng thch TLL.trn c|c m|y tnh PC thng thng cc cng m|y in c a ch c s(Be Address:BA ) l{:3BCH,278H,2BCHtrong a ch 378H l{ a ch thng gp nht cc my tnh 1.1.1. Cu trc:

Hnh 1: s cc chn cng LPT

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Bng 1: s cc chn cng LPT Gii thiu cc chn: - Strobe (1): Vi mt mc logic thp chn ny, my tnh thng bo cho my in bit c mt byte ang sn s{ng trn c|c ng dn tn hiu c truyn. - D0 n D7: C|c ng dn d liu - Acknowledge: vi mt mc logic thp chn ny, my in thng bo cho my tnh bit l{ ~ nhn c k t va gi v c th tip tc nhn. - Busy (bn 11): my in gi n chn ny mc logic cao trong khi ang n nhn hoc in ra d liu thng bo cho my tnh bit l cc b m trong my tnh bit l cc b m trong m|y tnh ~ b y hoc my in trong trn thi Off-line. - Paper empty (ht giy 12): Mc cao ch}n n{y c ngha l{ giy ~ dng ht. - Select (13): Mt mc cao ch}n n{y, c ngha l{ m|y in ang trong trng thi kch hot (On-line)
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- Auto Linefeed (t np dng): C khi cn gi l Auto Feed. Bng mt mc thp chn ny my tnh PC nhc my in t ng np mt dng mi mi khi kt thc mt dng. - Error (c li): Bng mt mc thp chn ny, my in thng bo cho m|y tnh l{ ~ xut hin mt li, chng hn kt giy hoc my in ang trong trng thi Off-Line. - Reset (t li): Bng mt mc thp ch}n n{y, m|y in c t li trng th|i c x|c nh lc ban u. - Select Input: bng mt mc thp ch}n n{y, m|y in c la chn bi my tnh. 1.1.2. Cc thanh ghi c bit C|c ng dn ca cng m|y in c ni vi ba thanh ghi 8 bit khc nhau:thanh ghi D liu(Data),thanh ghi trng th|i(Status) v{ thanh ghi iu khin(Control). a. Thanh ghi d liu:c a ch bng a ch c s,thanh ghi ny c 8 ng dn vi giao din 2 hng khng o,ngha l{ c th xut d liu t my tnh ra bn ngoi v c th nhn tn hiu t bn ngoi vo thng qua thanh ghi n{y,thanh ghi Data c ni vi cc chn t 2-9 trn cng my in,tuy nhin khi ng dng trong iu khin v{ o lng cn ch mt c im l khng phi bt k thanh ghi Data trn cc cng m|y in n{o cng l{ giao din 2 hng,thc t cho thy a s trn cc cng my in thanh ghi ny ch c th xut d liu,tc l ch mt hng. b. Thanh ghi trng thi:thanh ghi trng th|i c a ch bng a ch c s +1 , l mt thanh ghi 8 bit nhng thc t ch c 5 bit(5 bit cao) c ni vi cc chn ca cng bao gm c|c ch}n 10,11,12,13,15; s sp xp cc chn c th xem trn hnh trn.Thanh ghi trng thi chit c th c truy cp theo mt hng.Trong c|c ng dn ca thanh ghi n{y,ng dn S7,tc ch}n 11 l{ ng dn o.

c. Thanh ghi iu khin:a ch bng a ch c s +2 cng l{ mt thanh ghi giao din hai hng,c 4 bit thp c ni vi cc chn 1,14,16,17 trong a s l{ ng dn o(ch tr bit C2,chn 16) 1.1.3. a ch cc cng trn my tnh:

Bng 2: a ch cc cng trn my tnh 1.2. Gii thiu v cc linh kin s dng trong bi. Cc loi cm bin ghp ni - Trong thc t c rt nhiu loi cm bin kh|c nhau nhng chng ta c th phn lm hai loi chnh l{ cm bin kiu s v cm bin kiu tng t. 1.2.1. Cm bin kiu s Trong thc t c rt nhiu loi cm bin kiu s chng hn nh c|i cng tc hnh trnh ,cc nt n kiu on/off cc encoder..

Hnh 1.1 encoder kiu xung

+Cu to v nguyn tc hot ng

Hnh 1.2. Cu to ca encoder V c bn encoder loi m xung gm c 3 b phn chnh l{ mch thu ,mch ph|t v{ a quay.a quay c gn vi trc ca vt chuyn ng cn o vn tc trn a c khot c|c l hoc c kha c|c b|nh rng,a n{y c t gia u thu v{ u ph|t.u thu thng l photphotranzito u ph|t thng l diot phat quang hoc n laze hoc led.Khi a quay th a n{y lin tc chn hoc khng chn tn hiu t u
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thu v u ph|t .Trn u thu s nhn c cc xung t l vi tc quay ca a cng nh tc quay ca vt cn o tc .Tn hiu xung n{y c a v cc b x l a ra tc thc

Hnh 1.3 Cng tc hnh trnh +Cu to v{ nguyn tc hot ng Cc cng tc hnh trnh c cu to tng t nh mt cng tc on/off bnh thng th khc c cu t|c ng l{m thay i trng thi ca cng tc }y c th l con ln thanh gt .. pht hin hnh trnh ca i tng.Nguyn tc hot ng:Cng tc h{nh trnh c gn vo v tr nm trn qu o chuyn ng ca i tng khi i tng di chuyn ti v tr s t|c ng v{o c cu t|c ng ca cng tc v{ l{m thay i trng thi ca tip im.Cng tc h{nh trnh thng c hai trng th|i ng hoc m tip im (on/off). Nguyn l:Di tc dng ca trng lc cht lng v khng kh chic phao s ni trn b mt cht lng v{ dao ng theo mc cht lng trong bnh cha.Khi mc cht lng thay i phao s nng ln h xung lm thay i bin tr,tn hiu p ly ra trn bin tr s thay i t l vi mc cht lng,o tn hiu ny s suy ra mc cht lng. 1.2.2. Cm bin kiu tng t Cm bin kiu tng t rt a dng v chng loi a phn cc cm bin trong thc t l cc cm bin kiu tng t.Cc tn hiu o a ra sau cm bin tng t thng l tn hiu dng hoc tn hiu p tiu biu nh
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cc loi cp nhit ,cc loi nhit k in tr kim loi,nhit in tr,cc cm bin o lu lng mc cht lu,o |p sut...Ta c v d v cc loi cm bin tng t o mc cht lu

Hnh 1.4. Cm bin tng t Loi ny s dng mt cm bin p sut vi sai o mc,bng c|ch o chnh lch v p sut |y bnh v{ |p sut tnh (|p sut ca khong khng kh trong bnh cha).

Hnh 1.5. Cm bin tng t -Cm bin in dung o mc Cm bin hot ng da trn s khc bit hng s in mi gia cht lu v{ khng kh. iu kin cn thit p dng phng ph|p n{y l{ hng s in mi ca cht lu phi ln hn hng s in mi ca khng kh, thng l gp i. Hng s in mi ca khng kh l khong 1.0,du c hng s in mi t 1.8 n 5; nc c hng s in mi gia khong 50 n 80. Khi mc cht lu thay i th in dung cng thay i tng ng. C=
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Trong lng

l hng s in mi ca cht d: l khong cch gia c|c in

c c

hnh 1.6. Cm bin o mc

1.3. vi mch 8255A

hnh 1.7. S khi vi mch 8255A

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Vi t hp cc tn hiu a ch (A0, A1), chon vi mch (CS), v cc lnh c ghi (RD, WR) ca VXL, ta c cc lnh ghi c khc nhau cho cc ca (A, B, C ) v{ thanh ghi iu khin nh bng 3.2, to ra s di chuyn s liu gia ng dy s liu, cc ca v thanh ghi iu khin. Nh vy, vi mch 8255 c c im l khng c lnh c thanh ghi trng thi m dng lnh c ca C khi vi mch ch 1 v 2, cn ch 0, khng c trng thi.

Bng 3. C|c ch ca vi mch 8255A C|c t iu khin T iu khin thit lp ch :

Hnh 1.8.iu khin vi mch 8255A T iu khin lp xo bit:

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Hnh 1.9. iu khin xa bit vi mch 8255A Chn ch ca 8255. Trong khi c|c cng A, B v{ C c dng nhp v{ xut d liu th hanh ghi iu khin phi c lp trnh chn ch l{m vic ca c|c cng n{y. Cc cng ca 8255 c th c lp trnh theo mt ch bt k di }y. - Ch 0 (mode0): }y l{ ch v{o/ ra c s. ch n{y c|c cng A, B, PCH hay PLH c th c lp trnh nh u v{o hoc u ra. - Ch 1 (mode1): Trong ch n{y c|c cng A v{ B c th c dng nh c|c cng u v{o hoc u ra vi c|c kh nng bt tay. tn hiu bt tay c cp bi c|c bit ca cng C . - Ch 2 (mode2): Trong ch n{y cng A c th c dng nh cng v{o/ ra hai chiu vi kh nng bt tay v{ c|c tn hiu bt tay c cp bi c|c bit cng C cng B c th c dng nh ch v{o/ ra n gin hoc ch c bt tay mode1 1.4. IC cht 74LS373

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Chc nng :Cht d liu m rng c|c ng d liu hoc cc ng iu khin Cu to: +ng d liu c 2 cng: -D :Cng vo 8bit (D0-D7) -O :Cng ra 8bit (O0-O7) +ng iu khin : -/OE :Chn chn chp -LE: Cho php cht Bng 4: Bng chn l /OE H L L L LE X H H H Dn X L H X On Z*(Tr khng cao) L (On=Dn) H Dn (Trng th|i trc ca u vo)

H:High L:Low X:Khng x|c nh - S chn:

Hnh 1.10. S chn IC cht 74LS373 1.5.ADC 0809

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B ADC l mt thit b CMOS tch hp vi mt b chuyn i t tng t sang s 8bit ,b chn knh v mt b logic iu khin tng thch.B chuyn i AD 8bit n{y dng phng ph|p chuyn i xp x tip. Ta c s chn ADC 0809

Hnh 1.11. S chn v cu to ADC 0809 INo ti IN7 : 8 ng v{o tng t A,B,C ALE : Gii m chn mt trong 8 ng vo : Cho php cht a ch Z-1 ti Z-8 : Ng ra song song 8 bit START : Xung bt u chuyn i CLK :Xung ng b REF (+): in th tham chiu (+) REF (-): in th tham chiu (-) VCC :Ngun cung cp +C|c c im ca ADC 0809: - phn gii 8bit -Tng sai s cha chnh nh LSB; LSB -Thi gian chuyn i :100s tn s 640kHz -Ngun cung cp +5V -in p ng vo 0-5V -Tn s xung clock 10kHz-1280kHz
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-Nhit hot ng -40oC ti 85oC -D dng giao tip vi vixuly hoc dng ring -Khng cn iu chnh zero hoc y thang +Chn knh tng t cho ADC 0809 Chn knh tng t INT0 INT1 INT2 INT3 INT4 INT5 INT6 INT7 C 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 B 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 A 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

Bng 5: chn knh tng t +C|c bc lp trnh cho ADC0809 -Chn mt knh tng t bng cch ta a ch A,B,C theo bng trn -Kch hot chn ALE .N cn xung thp ln cao cht a ch -Kch hot chn SC bng xung cao xung thp bt u chuyn i -Hin th OEC bo kt thc chuyn i -Kch hot OE cho php c d liu ra ca ADC.

Chng 2.Chng trnh iu khin gim st 2.1. lu thut ton +Lu thut ton Bt u

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Gi a ch chn knh

1 S

0 S

c gi tr ADC c kt qu t cm bin s Quy i ra s

Truyn thng

Kt thc Hnh 2.1. Lu thut ton 2.2 S mch

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Hnh 2.2. S mch tng: phn loi sn phm c rt nhiu ch tiu phn loi nh khi lng, kch thc, chc nng ca cc sn phm, mu sc. Gi s ta phn loi sn phm theo khi lng trong s dng cc cm bin s v cm bin tng t, cc cm bin tng t a ra c|c tn hiu in p ph hp s c chuyn i v tn hiu s v ni vi Port B ca vi mch 8255, cc tn hiu cm bin s s qua Port A ca vi mch 8255qua IC 74LS373. Ngoi ra ta ly cc ng d liu t ic m 74HC245 ni vo 4 pin ca ic cht 74LS373 nhm mc ch iu khin s hot ng ca ic 8255. Vi mch ghp ni 8255 c 3 port chnh l A,B,C mi port c 8 pin.8 pin ca port A c ni vi 8 ng tn hiu nhn v t ADC0809 ,5 pin ca port C c ni vi 5 ch}n iu khin hot ng ca ADC0809 v 4 pin ca port B c ni trc tip vi 4 cm bin s. Trong mch s dng hai loi cm bin chnh cp nht trng thi ca h thng l{ cm bin tng t v cm bin kiu s.Cm bin tng t c a qua mt b bin i tng t s ADC Chn D0-D3 ca cng LPT lm chn pht tn hiu iu khin v{ a ch iu khin vic c ghi s liu cho 8255
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2.3.Giao din v code iu khin:

Hnh 2.3. Giao din iu khin Code: Add modul Public Declare Function Inportb Lib "dlportio.dll" Alias "Dlport Read Port Uchar" (ByVal Port As Long) As Byte Public Declare Sub Outportb Lib "dlportio.dll" Alias "Dlport Write Port Uchar" (ByVal Port As Long, ByVal Value As Byte) Phn thc hin: Private Sub batdau_Click(Index As Integer) Dim cambien As Byte Dim cambien1 As Byte Dim cambien2 As Byte Dim cambien3 As Byte Dim cambien4 As Byte Dim cambien5 As Byte Dim cambien6 As Byte Dim cambien7 As Byte Dim cambien8 As Byte Dim cambien9 As Byte Dim cambien10 As Byte Dim cambien11 As Byte
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Dim cambien12 As Byte Outport b(&H37A, 2) Outport b(&H378, &H7) Outport b(&H378, &H146) Outport b(&H378, &H5) 'chon con tro vao cong c Outport b(&H37C, 0) ' chot dia chi Outport b(&H378, &H3) ' chon cam bien 1 Outport b(&H378, &H5) 'xc nhan cam bien 1 Outport b(&H378, &H7) Call Delay(0.1) Outport b(&H378, &H4) ' cho php doc du lieu tu adc ADC Outport b(&H37C, 2) Outport b(&H378, 8) ' Chi con tro toi cong A Outport b(&H37C, 0) 'Chot du lieu Outport b(&H37C, 1) sensor1 = inportb(&H3F8) ''''''''''sensor2 Outport b(&H378, &H23) ' chon cam bien 2 Outport b(&H378, &H5) 'xc nhan cam bien 2 Outport b(&H378, &H7) Call Delay(0.1) Outport b(&H378, &H4) Outport b(&H37C, 2) ' Outport b(&H378, 8) ' Chi con tro toi cong A Outport b(&H37C, 0) Outport b(&H37C, 1) 'dieu khien 6402 duong nhan tin hieu vao sensor2 = inportb(&H378) 'Nhan tin hieu vao ''''''''sensor3 Outport b(&H378, &H13) ' chon cam bien 3 Outport b(&H378, &H5) 'xc nhan cam bien 3
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Outport b(&H378, &H7) Call Delay(0.1) Outport b(&H378, &H4) Outport b(&H37C, 2) ' Outport b(&H378, 8) ' Chi con tro toi cong A Outport b(&H37C, 0) 'Chot du lieu Outport b(&H37C, 1) sensor3 = inportb(&H378) 'Nhan tin hieu vao '''''''sensor4 Outport b(&H378, &H33) ' chon cam bien 4 Outport b(&H378, &H5) 'xc nhan cam bien 4 Outport b(&H378, &H7) Call Delay(0.1) Outport b(&H378, &H4) Outport b(&H37C, 2) ' Outport b(&H378, 8) ' Chi con tro toi cong A Outport b(&H37C, 0) Outport b(&H37C, 1) sensor4 = inportb(&H378) 'Nhan tin hieu vao '''''''sensor5 Outport b(&H378, &HB) ' chon cam bien 5 Outport b(&H378, &H5) 'xc nhan cam bien 5 Outport b(&H378, &H7) Call Delay(0.1) Outport b(&H378, &H4) Outport b(&H37C, 2) Outport b(&H378, 8) ' Chi con tro toi cong A Outport b(&H37C, 0) Outport b(&H37C, 1) 'dieu khien 6402 duong nhan tin hieu vao sensor5 = inportb(&H378)
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'''''''sensor6 Outport b(&H378, &H2B) ' chon cam bien 6 Outport b(&H378, &H5) 'xc nhan cam bien 6 Outport b(&H378, &H7) Call Delay(0.1) Outport b(&H378, &H4) Outport b(&H337C, 2) Outport b(&H378, 8) ' Chi con tro toi cong A Outport b(&H37C, 0) 'Chot du lieu Outport b(&H37C, 1) sensor6 = inportb(&H378) 'Nhan tin hieu vao '''''''sensor7 Outport b(&H378, &H1B) ' chon cam bien 7 Outport b(&H378, &H5) 'xc nhan cam bien 7 Outport b(&H378, &H7) Call Delay(0.1) Outport b(&H378, &H4) Outport b(&H37C, 2) Outport b(&H378, 8) ' Chi con tro toi cong A Outport b(&H37C, 0) Outport b(&H37C, 1) sensor7 = inportb(&H378) 'Nhan tin hieu vao '''''''sensor8 Outport b(&H378, &H13) ' chon cam bien 8 Outport b(&HF37, &H5) 'xc nhan cam bien 8 Outport b(&H378, &H7) Call Delay(0.1) Outport b(&H378, &H4) Outport b(&H37C, 2) ' Outport b(&H378, 8) ' Chi con tro toi cong A
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Outport b(&H37C, 0) 'Chot du lieu Outport b(&H37C, 1) sensor8 = inportb(&H378) '''''''cam bien so Outport b(&H37C, 2) Outport b(&H378, A) ' Chi con tro toi cong B Outport b(&H37C, 0) 'Chot du lieu Outport b(&H37C, 1) 'dieu khien 6402 duong nhan tin hieu vao sensor = inportb(&H378) 'Nhan tin hieu vao End Sub Private Sub dung_Click(Index As Integer) End End Sub Private Sub Text1_Change() txt.Text = Val(cambien1) End Sub Private Sub Text10_Change() txt.Text = Val(cambien101) End Sub Private Sub Text2_Change() txt.Text = Val(cambien2) End Sub Private Sub Text3_Change() txt.Text = Val(cambien3) End Sub Private Sub Text4_Change() txt.Text = Val(cambien4) End Sub Private Sub Text5_Change()
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txt.Text = Val(cambien5) End Sub Private Sub Text6_Change() txt.Text = Val(cambien6) End Sub Private Sub Text7_Change() txt.Text = Val(cambien7) End Sub Private Sub Text8_Change() txt.Text = Val(cambien8) End Sub Private Sub Text9_Change() txt.Text = Val(cambien9) End Sub Private Sub Text10_Change() txt.Text = Val(cambien10) End Sub Private Sub Text11_Change() txt.Text = Val(cambien11) End Sub Private Sub Text12_Change() txt.Text = Val(cambien12) End sub

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2.4. Kt lun Sau thi gian tm hiu v thc hin bi tp ln ca em ~ t c mt s vn sau: - Tm hiu chun giao tip TTL v cng song song(cng my in) - Tm hiu cc loi IC cn thit cho mt module ghp ni vi PC qua giao din LPT - xy dng c modul 12 knh ghp ni my tnh ng dng chun ny. - Tm hiu cc loi cm bin thng dng trn th trng. - Xy dng c giao din v{ chng trnh gi|m s|t v{ iu khin trn phn mm VISUAL STUDIO 2010 - Kh nng ng dng ca module c th p dng trong vic phn loi cc sn phm theo : kch thc, khi lng mu sc, Tuy nhin bi lm cn mt s hn ch sau: -Kin thc lp trnh cha th{nh tho nn giao din v{ chng trnh cn n gin. -Bi lm ch mang tnh cht l thuyt,m phng ,cha x}y dng c mch phn cng nn cha c tnh ng dng cao. - Kien thc con han che nen khong thoat khoi nhng sai lam trong khi thie t ke, mong thay co the ch ra nhng sai sot o e em co the lam ro hn na ve van e. Em xin chan thanh cam n.

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