Angelo Ortega Jennifer Gammage English 102 Due: March 9, 2014

Human Sex Trafficking Report

Abstract
I am writing this report in order to inform the reader on basic human sex trafficking information and how higher forms of power (such as the United Nations) are helping to fight it. Being such a large industry, worldwide Human Sex Trafficking presents an extremely large challenge to overcome by the United Nations and other forms of higher government institutions. When researching Human Sex Trafficking I turned to multiple sources specializing in the subject. Everything from reporters to Human Sex Trafficking specialists to even average spectators who are disgraced by the sight of the present day industry and want to put their input into the subject. I concluded from researching these sources that Human Sex Trafficking can be depleted only with time. According to Human Rights and New UN Protocols, Human Trafficking laws and policies are being reviewed and passed every year. It is with this legislation and the growing force of the FBI and other law enforcement institutions around the world that Human Sex Trafficking can be depleted over time.

Introduction

My research question is as follows, how can higher forms of power (such as the United Nations) help to prevent and ultimately thwart Human Sex Trafficking? Human Sex Trafficking is one of the worlds most troubling problems currently facing society today. According to Kara Siddharth, author of "Sex Trafficking: Inside the Business of Modern Slavery", the contemporary sex trafficking industry involves the systematic rape, torture, enslavement, and murder of millions of women and children whether being direct through homicide or indirect through sexually transmitted diseases and/or drugs. Every year, an estimated 2.5 million people are being transported around the world to nearly 137 different countries, producing an annual $32 billion a year. Of the 2.5 million people that are trafficked annually, 83% tend to be that of sex trafficking, which is the most common form of present day slavery. Sex trafficking is the act of using physical coercion, deception and/or bondage to force a person to perform sexual payment for forced debt. Human Sex Trafficking is commonly practiced in countries that are very prone to poverty, so mostly third world countries where law is commonly unstable and trafficking people internationally is much easier. This is an important issue purely based off of the fact that Human Sex Trafficking is the modern day equivalent to slavery. It 100% contradicts a persons Human Rights and the fact that it is a billion dollar industry is simply a slap to the face to modern day society.

Methods
I cited exactly 8 sources when researching the subject of Human Sex Trafficking. I found it much easier and more productive when pulling up research documents on Google Scholars as opposed to the UNM library system due to the ease of googles key term system. I used key terms such as sex trafficking, prostitution, and international sex trafficking to pull up the most relevant sources. I first pulled up the Google Scholars link and then i proceeded to search the key terms as I previously stated. Once I did this I then reviewed multiple sources and chose which particular ones to cite. Overall, finding materials to cite based off of the topic I chose was very easy due to the significance of Human Sex Trafficking.

Findings/Results
I have used many sources to help me in the research of Human Sex Trafficking. The two most promising sources Ive researched have been Human Sex Trafficking, by Amanda Rodriguez and Human Rights and the New UN Protocols on Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling: A preliminary analysis, by Anne Gallagher. Both sources are very reputable being that both come from higher up, law enforcement institutions. Human Sex Trafficking is an FBI bulletin document informing people on what Human Sex Trafficking is and essentially the significance it presents in our present day community. According to the document, "not only is human sex trafficking slavery, but it is big business. It is the fastest-growing business of organized crime and the third-largest criminal enterprise in the world. Estimates place the

number of its domestic and international victims in the millions, mostly females and children enslaved in the commercial sex industry for little or no money". It also goes into where Sex Trafficking occurs not only around the U.S, but around the rest of the world. For example Humans Sex Trafficking is most common in areas such as Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa, where the presence of law enforcement is very low. The conclusion of the article states that "effective law enforcement managers should persistently evaluate themselves and attempt to be as proactive as they can when it comes to the issue of Human Sex Trafficking". This means being aware of Human Sex Trafficking signals and not underestimating them. Human Rights and the New UN Protocols on Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling: A preliminary analysis exhibits new international laws passed having to do with not only Sex Trafficking but Human Trafficking and Human rights as a whole. According to the document, In December 1998, the United Nations General Assembly established an intergovernmental, ad-hoc committee and charged it with developing a new international legal regime to fight transnational organized crime, specially focusing in Human Sex Trafficking and the billion dollar industry it is. It focuses on what the lying issue is and then elaborates on it according to what UN policy thinks. Not much policy has been created thus far due to how young the committee is, but in the words of Anne Ghallager (author of the New UN Protocol) "it represents the first serious attempt by the international community to invoke the weapon of international law in its battle against Human Sex Trafficking". The creation of the committee as a whole has brought Human Sex Trafficking high on the international political agenda. It has many conclusions summing up that new laws are being passed in efforts to thwart ongoing Human Trafficking. Both sources are important to my research because they are directly related to both the United Nations and FBI. It is with the legislation passed by the UN and the growing force of the FBI and other law enforcement institutions that Human Sex Trafficking can be depleted over time.

Discussion
My question was answered primarily by the two sources I previously cited in the Findings/Results section of my report. This was due to them giving information on both Human Sex Trafficking and the perspective higher up government institutions have on the subject. My other sources were very informative, but they offered a more general view on the subject as opposed to an in depth look from a institution containing power. When looking at my research topic I noticed that I needed to look for direct institutional ties with the subject of Human Sex Trafficking. In my opinion these higher up government institutions are doing a great job at pursuing the depletion of Human Sex Trafficking on an international level. It is clear that government agencies across the world are working together to help stop the ongoing threat that is Human Sex Trafficking. It is only with the cooperation of these multiple government agencies that something such as Human Sex Trafficking can be tackled. This is because international sex trafficking is an industry spanning over 30 countries, each with their own laws and international affairs. This is

why international sex trafficking presents such a large obstacle to overcome and furthermore is the reason why I asked how the United Nations (the worlds largest intergovernmental organization) could help deplete the industry. The United Nations is the only organization that largely influences the legislation implemented by every country across the world. It is because of this simple fact that the UN can make the largest impact in the fight against Human Sex Trafficking and Human Trafficking in general.

Conclusion
In conclusion, after researching multiple sources on the subject of human sex trafficking I have learned that it is with UN legislation and the growing force and cooperation of the FBI and other law enforcement institutions around the world that Human Sex Trafficking can be depleted over time. When writing this report another question popped up into my head. I am wondering what the United States government can do as the worlds so called regulator in order to help prevent international sex trafficking?

Works Cited
Walker-Rodriguez, Amanda, and Rodney Hill. "Human sex Enforcement Bulletin 80.3 (2011): 1-9. trafficking." FBI Law

Gallagher, Anne. "Human rights and the new UN protocols on trafficking and migrant smuggling: A preliminary analysis." Human Rights Quarterly 23.4 (2001): 975-1004. Siddharth, Kara. Sex trafficking : inside the business of modern slavery. New York : Columbia University Press, c2009