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com
Presentation
on
Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT)
Presented
By
Engr. Md. Shahin Manjurul Alam
Saj Engineering & Trading Company
Company Profile
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Saj Engineering & Trading Company is established in 1998 to provide the Non-
Destructive Testing (NDT) and Condition Monitoring (CM) solution in Bangladesh industrial
Market. Since then we are providing the NDT and CM solution in different types of
industries like power generation, fertilizer, chemical, aviation shipbuilding, gas production
and distribution, cement, welding, paper, sugar, pharmaceuticals, research and educational
institutions. For the automobile and industrial market we are supplying lubricants, filter,
radiator and spark plug. For our products we represent the most renowned manufacturers
in the world.
As we have all sorts of latest NDT and CM products we have developed an industrial
inspection service provider under the name of Saj Industrial & Inspection Company.
And till now we have completed 35 Projects successfully and some projects is in our hand.
Products:
1. Non-Destructive Testing Products
2. Condition Monitoring Products
3. Sakura Automobile and Generator Filter
4. Air Conditioner Energy Saver
5. Maintenance Repair & Overhauling (MRO) Products
6. PertaminaLubricants
7. Scientific/Laboratory Equipments
SAJ
SERVICES
Video-
Borescopic
Inspection
Phased
Array
Ultrasonic
Testing
(PAUT)
Magnetic
Particle
Testing
Dye
Penetrant
Testing
Radiography
Testing
Transformer
Oil Leakage
Repair
Hardness
Testing
PWHT
Vacuum
Test
Thermography
Inspection
Dynamic
Mass
Balancing
Vibration
Analysis
Oil
Analysis
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Introduction To Ultrasonic Testing
(UT)
Ultrasonic test instruments have
been used in industrial
applications for more than sixty
years. Since the 1940s, the laws
of physics that govern the
propagation of high frequency
sound waves through solid
materials have been used to
detect hidden cracks, voids,
porosity, and other internal
discontinuities in metals,
composites, plastics, and
ceramics, as well as to measure
thickness and analyze material
properties.
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Conventional UT Basic Theory
Sound waves are simply organized mechanical vibrations
traveling through a medium. These waves will travel through a
given medium at a specific speed or velocity, in a predictable
direction, and when they encounter a boundary with a different
medium they will be reflected or transmitted according to simple
rules.
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7
0 2 4 6 8 10
crack
echo
back surface
echo
initial
pulse
Oscilloscope, or flaw
detector screen
plate
crack
Piezoelectric
Transducer
Conventional UT Basic Theory
8
Conventional UT Probe Configuration
With a conventional UT probe, a single piezoelectric
element converts an electrical signal into a mechanical
vibration.
Source: NDT Resource Center
(www.ndt-ed.org)
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Phased Array Ultrasonic
Testing (PAUT)
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What we see in Medical Ultrasonic Test
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What is the Difference in Medical Ultrasonogram
and Phased Array Ultrasonic Test?
Nothing Special, Both are Phased Array Ultrasonic Test
Medical Industrial
12
Phased Array Probe Configuration
Essentially, a phased-array probe is a long
conventional probe
cut into many small elements, which are
individually excited.
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Phased Array Probe Configuration
It is like having many small conventional UT probes
integrated inside a single probe.

128 elements !
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How Does Phased Array Work?
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Angle beam covers from angle 40
o
to 70
o
with 1
o
angle increment.
Phased Array Angle Coverage
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EPOCH 1000i
Olympus EPOCH 1000i Phased Array
Equipment
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EPOCH 1000i:
A-Scan, S-Scan and C-Scan
A-Scan
S-Scan
C-Scan
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EPOCH 1000i:
Weld Overlay System
Full weld overlay system
that enables to visualize
the relative position of
indications in relation to
the weld geometry. Easily
Configure the Weld
Geometry in the
equipment. Such as type
of weld joint, weld
preparation angle, bevel
height, bevel width, root
gap, root face, thickness of
the specimen etc.
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Defect Positioning
EPOCH 1000i:
Defect Positioning
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Image sizing cursors available for X2 X1 and/or Y2 Y1 indication sizing
Defect can be accurately sized
X-direction i.e. defect length
Y-direction i.e. defect depth
EPOCH 1000i:
Defect Sizing
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EPOCH 1000i:
Report with complete information
Immediate report from
the equipment can be
transferable through
pen drive.
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Comparison of RT and PAUT
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Radiography Practical Problems
1. Radiation safety
2. Licensing
3. Disruption to work area
4. Chemical wastes
5. Large volumes of film
6. Film storage and deterioration
7. Subjective interpretation
8. Relatively slow inspection
9. RT cannot size in vertical plane
10.RT poor at detecting planar defects.
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PAUT vs. RT
1. Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT)
potentially offers solutions to ECA
2. Capability of vertical sizing
3. Better detection of critical planar defects
4. Inspections tailored to weld profile and defects
5. Generally PAUT has better detection than RT,
especially for cracks
6. Many trials performed globally
7. Overall results support PAUT as better quality
inspections.
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Economics of PAUT vs. RT
1. Higher licensing costs for RT
2. Major headaches in shipping and storing isotopes
3. Higher cost in waste disposal, storage etc.
4. Cheaper PAUT Inspection Cost
5. No film cost in PAUT
6. No chemical cost in PAUT
7. No production interruption in PAUT.
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Comparison of Scan Times
between PAUT vs. RT
1 man 1 min 12 to 15
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Root Crack
Radiography
Phased Array Image
Sample Comparison of RT vs. PAUT
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Porosity
Radiography
Phased Array Image
Sample Comparison of RT vs. PAUT
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Inclusion
Radiography
Phased Array Image
Sample Comparison of RT vs. PAUT
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Lack of Root Fusion
Radiography
Phased Array Image
Sample Comparison of RT vs. PAUT
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Concave of Root
Radiography
Phased Array Image
Sample Comparison of RT vs. PAUT
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PAUT vs. RT Advantages
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PAUT vs. RT Advantages
1. Many functional advantages from switching from
RT to PAUT.
2. No radiation
3. No licensing
4. No chemical wastes
5. Less subjective data interpretation
6. Minimizes data storage problems
7. Minimizes materials handling issues
8. Minimizes production disruptions
9. Better detection of planar defects
10. Can size in vertical plane for ECA
11. Lower reject rates
12. Fast and cost effective
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PAUT Code Updates
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Codes
1. ASME Code Case N- 659-2 permits Phased Array
Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT) for Replacement of RT
with PAUT for feeder tubes in nuclear reactor.
2. ASME CC 2541 Permits Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing
(PAUT) in Section V, Article 4.
3. ASME CC 2235-9 permits UT in lieu of RT in Section
VIII, Divisions 1 and 2.
4. ASME CC 2557 permits PAUT S-Scan in Section V,
Article 4.
5. ASTM has published three Standard Practices: 2491,
2700, 2904
6. ISO, Chinese, Japanese working on PAUT codes.
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