May 9 th , 2014 GISC 9312-D2 Ian D. Smith, Director of Landfill Operations, Town of Gumby Municipal Offices 2269 Niagara Rd. Gumby, Ontario Canada L0S E1O
Dear Mr. Smith,
Re: GISC9312-D2 Raster Based Analysis of Terrain Surfaces
Please accept this letter as my formal submission of deliverable 2, Raster Based Analysis of Terrain Surfaces for GISC9312 Geospatial Visualization.
During this project spatial analysis was completed on the waste landfill located in Gumby. Spatial surfaces of the existing landfill volume and the allowed landfill volume as set by the Ministry of the Environment were created. Once these initial surfaces were created calculations were completed to compare the existing and allowed elevations.
After analyses was completed it was determined that some areas of the landfill must be cut down as they are higher than the allowed volume capacity. Using historical data, it was identified that if waste generation stays at a constant rate, the landfill will be at its maximum capacity in between 2021 and 2022.
If you have any questions regarding the assignment submission please feel free to contact me by phone (647-921-4930) or e-mail (shannon.graup@gmail.com) at your convenience. I look forward to receiving your feedback and suggestions.
Sincerely,
Shannon Graup BAH GIS GM Candidate SG\
Enclosures 1) GISC9312 Deliverable 2 Raster Based Analysis of Terrain Surfaces Raster Based Analysis of Terrain Surfaces Shannon Graup shannon.graup@gmail.com
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Project: Town of Gumby Landfill Client: Ian D. Smith, Director of Landfill Operations Prepared By: Shannon Graup BAH, GIS-GM Candidate Subject: Raster Based Analysis of Terrain Surfaces Date: May 9 th , 2014 GISC9312 D2 1.0 Introduction A landfill site is used for the disposal of waste materials by burial and compaction. Landfills are the most common type of waste disposal. When a land area is used for landfill purposes the Ontario Ministry of the Environment determines the highest allowed elevation for landfill area. There is a landfill located in the Town of Gumby that needs analysis to determine the existing landfill elevation and the allowable landfill elevation as identified by the Ministry of the Environment. An analysis of the landfill was completed to identify any areas that are above the allowed elevation, and areas that have available area to be filled. 2.0 Methodology During this project a number of spatial files provided were used to create spatial output files that indicate different surfaces of the landfill area. Three surfaces were created using geographic information system (GIS) software. The surfaces that were created identify the existing elevation of the landfill, the allowable elevation of the landfill according to the Ministry of the Environment, and the remaining depth of landfill.
Raster Based Analysis of Terrain Surfaces Shannon Graup shannon.graup@gmail.com
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Figure 1 below shows the allowed landfill elevation in meters that is set by the Ministry of the Environment for the Town of Gumby landfill.
Figure 1: Allowed Landfill Elevation (m) set by Ministry of the Environment in Town of Gumby
Raster Based Analysis of Terrain Surfaces Shannon Graup shannon.graup@gmail.com
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Figure 2 below shows the existing landfill elevation in meters of the landfill in Gumby.
Figure 2: Existing Landfill Elevation (m) in Town of Gumby
Raster Based Analysis of Terrain Surfaces Shannon Graup shannon.graup@gmail.com
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After creating the existing and allowed landfill surfaces in GIS software, calculations were completed to compare the existing landfill volume with the allowed landfill volume. Figure 3 below identifies the differential volume calculation surface for the landfill located in Gumby.
Figure 3: Differential Volume Calculation Surface for Town of Gumby Landfill Areas that have a negative value (symbolized in reds) are above the allowed volume height as set by the Ministry of the Environment. Landfill areas symbolized in blue in Figure 3 have elevations below the allowed volume as set by the Ministry, meaning that more volume can be added to these locations. The higher the value of the area, the more room there is for additional volume. Another calculation surface was created called a cut and fill surface. A cut and fill surface can identify volume changes between two surfaces (ESRI, 2012). A cut and fill surface was created for this project to identify areas in the landfill where the volume must be cut down and areas that are available to be filled with additional volume. Raster Based Analysis of Terrain Surfaces Shannon Graup shannon.graup@gmail.com
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Figure 4 below shows the cut and fill surface created showing the areas in the Gumby landfill that are above the allowed maximum volume, and the areas that can be filled more in the landfill.
Figure 4: Cut and Fill Surface showing areas below and above maximum volume The areas symbolized in red are above the maximum volume, and need to be cut down. Areas in blue can have more volume added as they are currently below the allowed volume height.
Raster Based Analysis of Terrain Surfaces Shannon Graup shannon.graup@gmail.com
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3.0 Findings Spatial and three dimensional analyses were completed on the Gumby landfill to compare the existing landfill volume with the allowed landfill volume. This helped to identify areas that were above and below the allowed volume. Table 1 below identifies the waste generation rate, the waste generation per household, the total waste generation and the total waste in the landfill from 1999-2012. Table 1: Waste Generation in the Town of Gumby Year Waste Generation Rate (To Landfill) Tonnes/Capita/Year Waste Generation per Household (Tonnes/Year) Waste Generation, Town of Gumby (Tonnes/Year) Total Waste in Town of Gumby Landfill (Tonnes) 1999 0.65 1.625 16,575 16,575 2000 0.60 1.5 15,300 31,875 2001 0.49 1.225 12,495 44,370 2002 0.44 1.1 11,220 55,590 2003 0.40 1 10,200 65,790 2004 0.35 0.875 8,925 74,715 2005 0.33 0.825 8,415 83,130 2006 0.31 0.775 7,905 91,035 2007 0.31 0.775 7,905 98,940 2008 0.30 0.75 7,650 106,590 2009 0.31 0.75 7,650 114,240 2010 0.30 0.75 7,650 121,890 2011 0.30 0.75 7,650 129,540 2012 0.31 0.75 7,650 137,190 The mean occupancy rate in Gumby is 2.5 persons per household, and the number of households that are serviced by the landfill is 10,200. There is no major development planned in Gumby so this household number is expected to remain constant in the near future. This information was generated from information found in the project terms of reference (Smith, 2014).
Raster Based Analysis of Terrain Surfaces Shannon Graup shannon.graup@gmail.com
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Figure 5 below shows the amount of waste generated per year from 1999 to 2012 in the Town of Gumby.
Figure 5: Waste generation in Town of Gumby (Tonnes/Year) It can be seen in this graph that waste generation rates have been steady from 2008 until 2012 with a total waste generation of 7,650 tonnes by the 10,200 homes serviced by the landfill. According to the cut and fill surface created in GIS software (as seen in Figure 4) the total volume available to be filled with waste in the landfill is 125,364.90m 3 . Compaction of waste in the landfill is done with a sheepsfoot roller with a compaction rate of 0.6 tonnes per m 3 . This means that the landfill will be at its total allowed volume after 75,218.94 tonnes are added to the landfill. The total waste volume has been assumed to be 137,190 tonnes (this value can be found in Table 1 as the Total Waste in the landfill for the year 2012). Adding the remaining landfill volume (75,218.94) to the total landfill waste (137,190) results in the total allowable landfill waste volume, this equals 212,409 tonnes. Table 2 below shows the cumulative total waste in the Town of Gumby landfill assuming the waste generation rate is constant at 0.31, the waste generation per household is constant at 0.75 and the households serviced by the landfill is constant at 10,200. 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 W a s t e
G e n e r a t i o n
( t o n n e s )
Year Waste Generation in Town of Gumby Amount of Waste Raster Based Analysis of Terrain Surfaces Shannon Graup shannon.graup@gmail.com
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Table 2: Projected total waste generation in Town of Gumby Landfill Year Total Waste in Town of Gumby Landfill (Tonnes) 2012 137,190 2013 144,840 2014 152,490 2015 160,140 2016 167,790 2017 175,440 2018 183,090 2019 190,740 2020 198,390 2021 206,040 2022 213,690 It can be seen in Table 2 that the landfill will meet its maximum allowed waste volume of 212,409 tonnes in between 2021 and 2022. Figure 6 below shows the projected total waste generation in the Town of Gumby.
Figure 6: Total projected waste generation in Town of Gumby landfill 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 2022 T o t a l
W a s t e
G e n e r a t i o n
( t o n n e s )
Year Projected Total Waste Generation in Town of Gumby Amount of Waste Raster Based Analysis of Terrain Surfaces Shannon Graup shannon.graup@gmail.com
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The data values from 1998 to 2012 are real waste generation values and the values from 2012 onwards are projected. 4.0 Conclusions and Recommendations After spatial analysis of the Town of Gumby landfill it was identified that some areas in the landfill have a higher than allowed volume as set by the Ministry of the environment. These areas can be seen in Figure 4 symbolized in red. It is my recommendation that the areas with a higher than allowed volume be cut down and moved into areas that have volume space available. The waste should be moved into areas of the landfill that have the most available space. These areas can be seen in Figure 3 symbolized in dark blue with a value of 5 6. Analysis was completed to identify the amount of waste generation in Gumby per year, and the total waste volume currently located in the landfill. It was determined that there is enough room for approximately 75,000 more tonnes of waste in the landfill. If waste generation in the town stays constant at 7,650 tonnes per year the landfill can service the town until sometime between 2021 and 2022 before it reaches its maximum volume quota as set by the Ministry of the Environment. It is my recommendation that the City of Gumby begin to look for new waste disposal methods as the landfill can only service the town for approximately 10 more years if waste generation stays constant. The Town of Gumby should also work to encourage more recycling and increased consumer awareness on waste generation.
5.0 Bibliography ESRI. (2012). ArcGIS Resources Help. Retrieved May 1, 2014, from ArcGIS Help 10.1: http://resources.arcgis.com/en/help/ Smith, I. D. (2014). GISC9312 Deliverable 2 - Raster Based Analysis of Terrain Surfaces. Niagara-on-the-Lake: Niagara College.