CC HM X L VN BN V CHUI

1. Hm ASC()
Dng i cc k t double-byte sang cc k t single-byte cho nhng ngn ng s
dng b k t double-byte.
C php: = ASC(text)
text : L ch hoc tham chiu n mt c cha ch. Nu text khng cha bt ky mu
t no thuc loai double-byte, th text s khng uoc chuyn i.
V d:
= ASC("Excel") = Excel
. Hm BAH!!"X!()
Dng chuyn i mt s thnh dang ch ca ting Thi, ri thm hu t "Bath" vo.
C php: = BAHTTEXT(number)
number : L mt s hoc tham chiu n mt c cha s.
V d:
#. Hm CHA$()
Chuyn i mt m s trong b m ANS (c min gi trj t 1 - 255) sang k t tuong
ng.
C php: = CHAR(number)
Number : l mt m s trong bng m ANS.
V d: kt qu c uoc l k t bn quyn , chng ta nhp: = CHAR(169)
%. Hm CL"AN
C&'( )*'(: Xa tt c nhng k t khng in ra uoc (nonprintable characters) trong
chui vn bn
C&'( +h,-: =CLEAN(text)
___text: chui vn bn cn xa nhng k t khng in ra uoc
Nhng k t khng in ra uoc l nhng k t c m s t 1 n 31 trong bng m
ANS.
Hm CLEAN() thung uoc dng g b nhng du ngt oan, ngt cu (c uoc
do nhn phm Enter), ngha l ni nhng oan bj xung hng lai vi nhau.
V d: Hnh sau y cho thy cng dng ca hm CLEAN.
.. Hm C/0"
Hm CODE() l nguoc lai vi hm CHAR(), ngha l, cho 1 k t, CODE() s cho bit
m s ca k t . Nu i s ca CODE() l mt chui, th kt qu tr v s l m s
ca k t u tin trong chui .
C php: = CODE(text)
text : L mt k t hoc mt chui (mt cu)
V d:
CODE("a") = 97
CODE("A") = 65
1. Hm C/NCA!"NA!"
C&'( )*'(: Dng ni nhiu chui lai vi nhau
C&'( +h,-: =CONCATENATE(text1,text2,...)
V d: =CONCATENATE("Gii php", "Excel", " - ", "Cng c tuyt vi ca ban) Gii
php Excel - Cng c tuyt vi ca ban
2. Hm "XAC!
C&'( )*'(: Dng so snh hai chui vi nhau.
C&'( +h,-: =EXACT(text1,text2)
Hm EXACT phn bit ch thung v ch hoa.
Nu 2 chui text1, text2 ging nhau hon ton, hm s tr v TRUE; nu khng, s tr
v trj FALSE
V d:
=EXACT("Gii php", "Gii php") TRUE
=EXACT("Gii php", "Gii Php") FALSE
3. Hm !
C&'( )*'(: Tr v mt chui nu trj tham chiu l chui, nguoc lai, s tr v chui
rng
Cng thc: =T(value)
Hm ny t khi uoc dng.
14. Hm VALU"
C&'( )*'(: Dng i mt chui ai din cho mt s thnh kiu s
C&'( +h,-: =VALUE(text)
text phi l jnh dang s, ngy thng hoc bt ky mt thi gian no min l uoc Excel
cng nhn.
Nu 2 chui text1, text2 ging nhau hon ton, hm s tr v TRUE; nu khng, s tr
v trj FALSE
V d:
trch ra s 6500 trong SQA6500, ban c th dng hm RGHT()
=RGHT("SQA6500", 4) 6500
Tuy nhin kt qu do hm RGHT() c uoc s dang text, ban khng th nhn chia
cng tr g vi ci "6500" ny uoc.
c th tnh ton vi "6500", ban phi i n sang dang s:
=VALUE(RGHT("SQA6500",4)) 6500
Cng l 6500, nhung by gi ban c th cng tr nhn chia vi n.
11. Hm 0/LLA$
Chuyn i mt s thnh dang tin t (dollar M), c km theo du phn cch hng
ngn, v c th lm trn theo mun.
C php: = DOLLAR(number, decimals)
Number : S cn chuyn sang dang tin t
Decimals : S s thp phn, mc jnh l 2, nu l s m th s lm trn v bn tri
V d:
= "Tng chi ph ngoai t ca nm 2007 l " & DOLLAR(1500670000, 0) Tng chi ph
ngoai t ca nm 2007 l $1,500,670,000
y, s tin ny uoc jnh dang thnh s nguyn (decimals = 0).
1. Hm 5IN0 6 Hm S"A$CH
C&'( )*'(: Dng tm vj tr bt u ca mt chui con (substring) trong mt chui
C&'( +h,-:
__ =FND(find_text, within_text , start_num)
__ =SEARCH(find_text, within_text , start_num)
___find_text: chui vn bn cn tm (chui con)
___within_text: chui vn bn cha chui cn tm (chui m)
___start_num: vj tr bt u tm trong chui within_text (mc jnh l 1)
M7+ 89 :;< =:
- t qu ca hai hm ny l mt con s, ch vj tr bt u (tnh t start_num) ca
find_text trong within_text
- Dng SEARCH() khi mun tm mt chui bt ky. V d: SEARCH(e, Expenses) s
cho kt qu l 1.
- Dng FND() khi mun tm chnh xc mt chui c phn bit ch hoa, ch thung. V
d: FND(e, Expenses) s cho kt qu l 4.
- Nu khng tm thy find_text, hm s bo li VALUE
- C th dng nhng k t ai din nhu , trong find_text ca hm SEARCH()
- Vi hm SEARCH(), nu mun tm chnh k t hoc th g du truc k t
( hoc l )
Trch xut h v tn (v d dng trch cho tn ting Anh, b qua tn m)
y l dang bi ton uoc rt nhiu ban hi trn GPE.
Cch lm l dng hm FND() tm nhng khong trng phn cch gia h v tn,
sau dng hm LEFT() tch phn tn, v hm RGHT() tch phn h.
ly phn tn (First Name), chng ta dng cng thc sau (gi s h tn nm cell
A2):
=LEFT(A2, FND(" ", A2) - 1)
Ngha l dng hm FND() tm vj tr ca k t trng u tin k t bn tri, v d n l
vj tr th 5,
khi hm LEFT() s xc jnh uoc ci tn ny gm c 4 ch (= 5-1).
ly phn h (Last Name), chng ta dng cng thc:
=RGHT(A2, LEN(A2) - FND(" ", A2))
Ban t djch cu ny nh
Hnh sau y l mt s v d ca bi va ri.
Cng thc D2: =RGHT(A2, LEN(A2) - FND(" ", A2)) & ", " & LEFT(A2, FND(" ", A2) -
1)
1#. Hm 5IX"0
Cng dng: Chuyn i mt s thnh dang vn bn (text), c hoc khng km theo du
phn cch hng ngn, v c th lm trn theo mun.
Cng thc: =FXED(number ,decimals ,no_commas)
___number l s cn chuyn sang dang text
___decimals l s s thp phn, mc jnh l 2, nu l s m th s lm trn v bn tri
___no_commas: TRUE hoc FALSE, dng TRUE nu khng mun c du phn cch
hng ngn, v FALSE (mc jnh) th c bao gm c du phn cch hng ngn
Bi tp: Ban th dng hm FXED vi con s 12345679,5 ra lp cng thc cho ra
kt qu ging nhu ct B nh.
HM TRCH XUT T HOC CHU (Extracting a Substring)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mt gi trj chui c th bao gm nhiu chui nh hoc nhiu t on l.
V d trong mt ct cha H v Tn, c th ban ch mun lc ra H m thi, hoc Tn
m thi, sp xp chng han;
hoc c th ban mun trch ra vi k t u trong mt danh sch hng ha, da vo
lm ra m s hng ha, v.v...
Excel cung cp cho ban 3 hm sau y, chuyn trch xut 1 t, 1 ch hoc nhiu t,
nhiu ch t mt chui c sn: Hm LEFT, RGHT v MD.
1>. Hm L"5!
C&'( )*'(: Dng trch xut phn bn tri ca mt chui mt hoc nhiu k t ty
theo s ch jnh ca ban
C&'( +h,-: =LEFT(text ,num_chars)
___text: chui vn bn cn trch xut k t
___num_chars: s k t cn trch ra pha bn tri chui text, mc jnh l 1
- num_chars phi l s nguyn duong
- Nu num_chars ln hon di ca chui th kt qu tr v s l ton b chui text
V d:___=LEFT(aren Eliabeth Hammond, 5) aren
1%. Hm !$IM
C&'( )*'(: Xa tt c nhng khong trng v ch trong chui vn bn, ch cha lai
nhng khong trng no dng lm du cch gia hai ch.
Nhng khong trng v ch ny c th nm bt ky u trong oan vn: u, cui
hoc gia...
C&'( +h,-: =TRM(text)
___text: chui vn bn cn xa nhng khong trng v ch
V d: Hnh sau y cho thy cng dng ca hm TRM.
Mi chui vn bn trong khi A2:A7 u c nhng khong trng v ch, nm u,
gia hoc cui.
Ti t hm TRM ct C.
cc ban thy cng dng ca hm TRM, ti c dng thm hm LEN() t ct B v
D, m s k t trong chui truc v sau khi thc hin hm TRM
1.. Hm L"N
C&'( )*'(: Dng m s k t trong mt chui vn bn
C&'( +h,-: =LEN(text)
___text: chui vn bn m ban cn m s k t c trong
11. Hm L/?"$
C&'( )*'(: Hm LOER i tt c cc k t trong mt chui vn bn thnh ch
thung.
C&'( +h,-: =LOER(text)
___vi text l mt chui, hoc tham chiu n mt chui cn jnh dang
V d: Cng thc sau y s sa cell A2 (Gii php Excel) thnh ton l ch thung
=LOER(A2) gii php excel
Hm LOER thung uoc dng khi ban cn jnh dang lai mt cu vn (thung l do
chp u dn vo trong Excel) m trong , ch thung ch hoa uoc g hoc bj
thay i lung tung...
12. Hm MI0
C&'( )*'(: Dng trch xut mt chui con (substring) t mt chui
C&'( +h,-: =MD(text, start_num, num_chars)
___text: chui vn bn cn trch xut
___start_num: vj tr bt u trch ra chui con, tnh t bn tri sang
___num_chars: s k t ca chui con cn trch ra
- num_chars phi l s nguyn duong
- start_num phi l s nguyn duong
- Nu start_num ln hon di ca chui th kt qu tr v s l chui rng
V d:___=MD(aren Eliabeth Hammond, 7, 9) Eliabeth
13. Hm @$/@"$
C&'( )*'(: Hm PROPER i k t u tin trong mt ch ca mt chui vn bn
thnh ch in hoa, cn tt c cc k t cn lai trong chui tr thnh ch thung.
C&'( +h,-: =PROPER(text)
___vi text l mt chui, hoc tham chiu n mt chui cn jnh dang
V d: Cng thc sau y s jnh dang lai chui vn bn cell A7 (cng c tuyt vi ca
ban) theo kiu Proper
=PROPER(A7) Cng C Tuyt Vi Ca Ban
4. Hm $"@LAC"
C&'( )*'(: Dng thay th mt phn ca chui bng mt chui khc, da vo s k
t uoc ch jnh
C&'( +h,-: =REPLACE(old_text, start_num, num_chars, new_text)
___old_text: chui vn bn cn uoc x l
___start_num: vj tr bt u tm ci s thay th, tnh t bn tri sang
___num_chars: s k t ca chui cn uoc thay th
___new_text: chui vn bn s thay th cho s k t chn bi start_num v
num_chars
Ci kh ca hm ny l xc jnh uoc bi start_num v num_chars. Lm sao bit uoc
bt u t u v thay th bao nhiu ch Ti goi nh:
- Ban dng hm FND() hoc SEARCH() xc jnh vj tr bt u (start_num)
- Dng hm LEN() xc jnh s k t ca chui s uoc thay th (num_chars)
V d: thay s 2007 bng 200 trong cu Expense Budget for 2007
Dng cng thc nhu sau:
=REPLACE(A1, FND("2007", A1), LEN("2007"), "200") Expense Budget for 200
Vi A1 = Expense Budget for 2007
1. Hm $"@!
C&'( )*'(: Dng lp i lp lai (nhn bn) mt k t hoc mt t, vi s ln uoc
jnh truc.
C&'( +h,-: =REPT(text, times)
___text: k t (character), mt con s hoc mt t (string) cn uoc nhn bn
___times: s ln lp i lp lai ca text
- Nu times = 0, hm REPT() s tr v mt chui rng
- Nu text l mt con s, REPT() s lm trn con s thnh s nguyn
in thm du chm cui hng
Mi ban xem hnh sau:
Ban s ngh ti dng cch "cn u hai bin" cho my ci cell ct B
hng u, ti dng hm REPT() y. Tai B1, ti g cng thc:
=A1 & REPT(., 20 - LEN(A1))
Ri ti ko cng thc xung ti B5.
Ban c th thay con s 20 bng s khc, ty vo ban mun rng ca ct B l bao
nhiu...
Lm ABC< DE AF'( hm $"@!
Mc d Excel 2007 c nhng biu rt p (lm bng Conditional Formating),
tuy nhin, chng ta c th p dng hm REPT() lm chuyn ny.
Mi ban xem hnh sau, v cng thc cell C12 nh
Thm mt biu na:
lm uoc ci biu nhu th ny, ti dng font ebbings (mt loai font symbol),
chn k t tuong ng trn bn phm l "g", v n c hnh dang ging nhu mt khi
vung; ri t mu xanh nhat.
ly trj gi times cho hm REPT(), ti nhn gi trj phn trm bn ct B cho 100, v
cho my "bar" ny khng qu ln, ti chia gi trj cho 5.
V kt qu l nhu ci hnh ban ang xem .
. Hm $IGH!
C&'( )*'(: Dng trch xut phn bn phi ca mt chui mt hoc nhiu k t ty
theo s ch jnh ca ban
C&'( +h,-: =RGHT(text ,num_chars)
___text: chui vn bn cn trch xut k t
___num_chars: s k t cn trch ra pha bn phi ca chui text, mc jnh l 1
- num_chars phi l s nguyn duong
- Nu num_chars ln hon di ca chui th kt qu tr v s l ton b chui text
V d:___=RGHT(aren Eliabeth Hammond, 7) Hammond
#. Hm SUBS!I!U!"
C&'( )*'(: Dng thay th mt chui ny bng mt chui khc. Hm ny cng
tuong t hm REPLACE(), nhung d s dng hon.
C&'( +h,-: =SUBSTTUTE(text, old_text, new_text ,instance_num)
___text: chui vn bn gc, cn uoc x l
___old_text: chui vn bn cn uoc thay th
___new_text: chui vn bn s thay th vo
___instance_num: s ln thay th old_text bng new_text, nu b qua th tt c old_text
tm uoc s uoc thay th bng new_text
V d: thay s 2007 bng 200 trong cu Expense Budget for 2007
Dng cng thc nhu sau:
=SUBSTTUTE("Expense Budget for 2007", "2007", "200") Expense Budget for
200
>. Hm !"X!
C&'( )*'(: Chuyn i mt s thnh dang vn bn (text) theo jnh dang uoc ch jnh
C&'( +h,-: =TEXT(number,format)
___number l s cn chuyn sang dang text
___format: kiu jnh dang s hoc ngy thng nm
V d: Cng thc sau s dng hm AVERAGE() tnh s trung bnh ca mng cell
A1:A31, v dng hm TEXT chuyn i kt qu ra dang nhit
=Nhit trung bnh ca l phn ng l & TEXT(AVERAGE(A1:A31), ,0.00F)
Nhit trung bnh ca l phn ng l 7,560.00F
Th hin thi gian cp nht bng tnh ln sau cng
C bao gi ban mun bit uoc ln cui cng bng tnh ny c thay i l khi no
khng
Mt trong nhng cch lm l t ch tnh ton ca Excel l th cng (manual
calculation mode) v s dng hm NO() trong mt cell no (hm ny cho ra kt
qu l ngy gi hin tai).
Nhu vy, hm NO() s khng t cp nht tr phi bng tnh uoc luu (save), hoc
uoc tnh ton lai (recalculate), v nh m ban lun bit uoc ln cui cng bng
tnh ny c thay i l khi no.
V d, ban dng cng thc:
=This workbook last updated: & NO()
Tuy nhin, nu ch c chng , th e rng kt qu ban nhn uoc s khng nhu , v c
th n s l nhu th ny:
This workbook last updated: 3572.51001
Do Excel lun hiu ngy v gi l mt con s, cho nn con s ny: 3572.51001 uoc
hiu l: con s pha bn tri ca du phn cch (3572) l s ch ngy, v con s pha
bn phi ca du phn cch (51001) l s ch gi... Ch c ai rnh lm mi may ra c
v hiu uoc
V vy, ta nn sa cng thc trn bng cch dng hm TEXT jnh dang n ra kiu
ngy gi ng hong, chng han kiu DDMM HH:MM
=This workbook last updated: & TEXT(NO(), ddmmyy hh:mm) This workbook
last updated: 002005 12:14:00 PM
%. Hm U@@"$
C&'( )*'(: Hm UPPER i tt c cc k t trong mt chui vn bn thnh ch in
hoa.
C&'( +h,-: = UPPER(text)
___vi text l mt chui, hoc tham chiu n mt chui cn jnh dang
V d:
Cng thc sau y s ni chui vn bn trong cell A5 (Gii php) v cell B5 (Excel) lai
vi nhau, gia c mt du cch, tt c k t cell mi ton l ch in hoa.
=UPPER(A5) & " " & UPPER(B5) G PHP EXCEL