Type Presentation Tight Weak

Upper
Crossed
Syndrome
(Janda)
Pect, Upper trap,
Levator scapulae,
SCM, Subscapularis,
Lats, Arm flexors
Longus Capitis + Colli,
Hyoids, Seratus
Anterior, Rhomboids,
Lower traps, Posterior
rotator cuff, Arm ext
Lower
Crossed
Syndrome
(Janda)
Iliopsoas, rectus
femoris, HS, Erector
spinae, TFL, Thigh
add, Piriformis, QL,
Triceps surae
Rectus, Obliques, and
Transverse Abdominis,
Glut Max/Med/Min,
Vastus lateralis, VMO,
Ant/Post tib, Peroneus
longus
Excessive Lordosis
Exaggerated
Lordosis*
Scapulae protracted and
arms IR, MR of legs,
Forward head, Increase
pelvic angle 40, Ant
pelvic tilt
Hip flexors, Lower
lumbar extensors,
Upper traps, Levator
scapulae, SCM,
Scalene, Subocciptal,
Pect major/min
Ant abdominals,
Multifidi, Lower +
middle traps,
Thomboids, Upper
erector spinae, Hyoids,
HS
Swayback Inc pelvic angle (~30-40),
Spine bends back sharply at
lumbosacral angle, _Pelvic
shifts anteriorly causing hip
ext, Usually forward head,
Asymmetrical stance
posture w/ prolonged
standing
Upper abdominals,
Internal intercostals,
Hip extensors (gluts +
HS), Lower lumbar
extensors (erector
spinae and related
fascia)
Lower abdominals,
Rectus abdominis,
Obliques, Lower
thoracic extensors, Hip
flexors (Iliopsoas, TFL,
rectus femoris)
Excessive Kyphosis
Round back
w/ Forward
Head
Inc. thoracic curve; long
round curve, Dec pelvic
angle <30, Trunk flexed:
dec. lumbar curve,
Protracted scapulae, round
shoulders, Forward head-
Inc lower cerv+upper thor
flexion, Inc ext upper cerv;
Possible TMJ involvment
HS, hip extensors,
Internal obliques,
internal intercostals,
LB short but weak,
Anterior thorax, Pect
maj/min, Lats,
Serratus, Levator,
SCM, Scalene, Upper
trap, Suboccipital
muscles
Lower cerv and upper
thor erector spinae,
Rhomboids, Middle
trap, Supra+Infrahyoid,
Capital flexors, Lower
abdominals, One jt hip
flexors
Excessive
Kyposis
Humpback or
Gibbus
Localized, sharp posterior
angulation in the thoracic
spine, usually result of
pathology (osteoporosis,
fx)

Excessive
Kyphosis
Dowagers
Thoracic begin to
degenerate and wedge in
the anterior direction;

Usually older; Esp women;
Osteoporosis
Flat Back
Form of
Kyphosis
Decrease lumbosacral
angle <20; Posterior tilt;
Decrease lumbar lordosis;
Forward head w/ inc flex
upper thoracic spine; Hip
ext, Knee hyperextended
Trunk flexors, Hip
extensors, HS,
Thoracic erector
spinae, ~Scapular
retractors
Lumbar extensors,
Multifidi, Rotators,
~Hip flexor, Ant
intercostals, ~Scapular
protractors
Kypholordotic
Posture
Forward head w/ cervical
hyperextension, Protracted
scap, Inc lumbar
lordosis+thorac kyph, Ant
pelvic tilt, Hip flexed, Knee
hyperextended
Neck extensors, Hip
flexors, ~Mid+Lower
traps, Thoracic erector
spinae, Rhomboids
Neck flexors, Hip
flexor, Intercostals,
~Serratus, ~Pect
maj/min, Upper trap



Evaluation of Muscle Imbalances
Stabilization Group (Postural or tonic) Movement Group (phasic)
Characteristics Muscles Characteristics Muscles
Postural function,
Flexor flexes, prone
to develop tightness +
hypertonicity, readily
activated in most
functional movm
patterns, dominate in
new movm situations,
crosses 2 joints
Gastroc, HS,
Piriformis, QL,
Levator scapulae, Tib
post, Soleus, Rectus
femoris, Erector
spinae, U-trap,
Scalenes, Pect
major/minor, Hip add,
Psoas, TLF, SCM
Phasic or movm
function, extension
reflexes, prone to
weakness (atrophy +
fatigues), crosses one
joint
Peroneals, Post/Ant
tib, Glut
max/med/min,
Serratus anterior,
Lower trap, Extensors
upper limb, VMO +
lat, Abs, Rhomboids,
Deep cervical flexors