A

PROJECT REPORT
ON
AIRLINE RESERVATION SYSTEM

(SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE

AWARD OF DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER ENGINEERING)

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Er. Rajesh Kumar Yogesh, Sandeep, Gurpreet, Hema
Lect. Computer Engg. 071108067 071108059 071108019 071108022

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC
SIRSA
SESSION 2007-10
 CERTIFICATE
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

This is certify that YOGESH (071108067), SANDEEP (071108059), GUEPREET

(071108019 ), HEMA (071108022), are the student of Computer Engineering 5th semester has
completed their project on “AIRLINE RESERVATION SYSTEM” under my supervision.
They have worked on this project through the semester from AUG 2009 to OCT 2009. To the
best of my knowledge , they themselves do this project.

I wish them success in life.

Er. RAJINDER JINDAL Er. RAJESH KUMAR

HOD-COMPUTER ENGG. Lect. Computer Engineering
GOVT. POLYTECHNIC SIRSA GOVT. POLYTECHNIC SIRSA
 PREFACE
As we move through 21st century, the socio economic settings are different from
what is or was long ago. There is a growing demand for better quality if life,
which brings new invention in the companies towards computerization.
Computers are one of them; computers no doubt enhance the capability, incearse
the effective and output standard of any field in which they are applied to.

The need of today’s software development id competence in GUI

Based front-end tool, which can connect to database. This gives opportunity to
retrieve information easily. This application gives the user to find information
and information in the database easil than other ways.

In the sales and Marketing department of any company the need of

computer become huge, as thereis no need to do those things, which assume a
lot of time and energy of employee is saved. This system is developed to
provide the user with every sort of convenience. The user will be very much
friendly with the system as he can do maximum work in minimum time.

Thus we see that computers are become necessity in day life. The
use of computer also invokes he feelings of healthy competition with other
organization.

“ We hope this projects succeeds in achieving the foremost goal of sales

and Marketing Department to manage there billing system.”

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 It is a great pleasure to acknowledgement my sincere gratitude and
indebtness to Er. Rajesh Kumar Lect. Computer Engg. Govt. Polytechnic, Sirsa
for his guidance and his entire some efforts, consistent motivation & inspiration
that never lot us in the waver during the course of our project work. We will
never forget the devotion, dedication moral attitude ethics he has indulged in our
project during this period. We consider our self-lucky for having an opportunity
to work under such a project guide.

We again send our heartiest thanks for everything that we get from him.

We would like to pay our sincere gratitude to Sh. Sudhir Gilhotra, Principal,
Govt. Polytechnic, Sirsa and all staff members of Computer Engg. Department
for their inspiring guidance, support and encouragement.

We are highly indebted to our parents for their financial assistance and
immeasurable support.

Above all I thanked “Almighty” with whose grace we would reach this
far…………………………..!!
 Yogesh 071108067
 Sandeep 071108059
 Gurpreet 071108019
 Hema 071108022
 INDEX

Sr no. Contents of Report Page No.

1. Absract of thr Project

2. Peoblem Defination

3. Feasibility Study

4. System Requirements

5. Tools and Environment Used

6. Introduction to Visual Basic 6.0

7. Software Engineering Paradigm Applied

8. Testing
 ABSTRACT OF THE PROJECT

“Airline Reservation System” project is the simple and minor project, An Airline
Reservation System is part of the so-called Passenger Service Systems (PSS), which are
applications supporting the direct contact with the passenger.

The Airline Reservations System (ARS) was one of the earliest changes to improve
efficiency. ARS eventually evolved into the Computer Reservations System (CRS). A
Computer Reservation System is used for the reservations of a particular airline and interfaces
with a Global Distribution System (GDS) which supports travel agencies and other
distribution channels in making reservations for most major airlines in a single system.

It is user friendly as it is very easy to use and understand. It requires common hardware &
software platform, that’s why it also compatible. As this project is related with the
Reservation so we include a password protection in it, with a username. User will give its own
name but he can access this project only by a password which is given by the administrator of
the project.
This project allows you to perform following tasks :
 Reservation of Ticket
 Flight Detail
 Cancelation
For access this project you just need to following steps:
 Go to Start | All Programs | Airline Resrvation Project
 When you click on Airline Reservation Project, project will open.
 Select Enter from the menu bar to enter in the Project.
 Select Reservation for reserving a tickrt.
 Select Flight Detail for thr Detail of Flight.
 Select Cancellation for the cancellation of Flight.
 Select Exit fot exit.

1
 PROBLEM DEFINITION
The definition of our problem lies in manual system and a fully automated system.

Manual system : The system is very time consuming and lazy. This system is more prone to
errors and sometimes the approach to various problems is unstructured.

Technical system : With the advent of latest technology if we do not update our system then
our business result in losses gradually with time. The technical systems contains the tools of
latest trend i.e. computers printers, fax, Internet etc. The systems with this technology are very
fast, accurate, user-friendly and reliable.

Technical System

Need of Airlines system

A few factors that directs us to develop a new system are given below -:
1) Faster System
2) Accuracy
3) Reliability
4) Informative
5) Reservations and cancellations from any where to any place

2
 FEASIBILITY STUDY

Feasibility study is to check the viability of the project under consideration. Theoretically
various types of feasibilities are conducted, but we have conducted three type of feasibilities
explained as under.

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY
With the manual system the operating cost of the system is about 60 Lacks P.A.. This cost
comprises salary of 25 people, stationary, building rent, electricity, water, telephone etc. But
with the new system this reoccurring cost comes out to be about 20 Lacks P.A. Hence the new
system is economically feasible.
TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
The new system requires only 6 trained person to work with the system and in overall 10
people per office are sufficient. So we will identify 6 best people from existing system and
train them.As our existing system is purely manual, so we need a one time investment of Rs 4
Laks for the purchase of 7 computers, 5 Ticket printers, a laser printer, AC and networking
etc. It requires 20 Lacks PA as a operating cost.
With the above details our system is technically feasible as after investing 24 Lacks in a year,
the company is still saving Rs 25 Lacks PA.
OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY
The new solution is feasible in all sence but operationally it is not. The new system demands
the expulsion of at least 15 people from the company. It creates an environment of joblessness
and fear among the employees. It can lead to an indefinite strike in the company also. So the
management must take corrective actions prior in advance in order to start the further
proceedings.

3
 BACK END
In the computerized address diary system MS-ACCESS is used as back end to store the data.
Access is a powerful database program that we can used to create the sophisticated
applications. A data base is a collection of information about groups of items or individuals.
Database is a structure that is provided fields-categories of information. Fields in address
diary includes name, address, phone no., occupation etc. Each entry in database for one
individual is called a Record. Simple database only allow you to work with one list of
information at a time : one set of fields and records. More capable program like access lets
you group multiple list together and list to each other, create a type of database called a
Relational Database.
In a Relational Database, each list is stored in a separate table. Data
validations can be put on the fields and records. Validation is a way to screen data being
entered in a table or a form. Validation rules screens the data, and validation text that appears
to let user know that constitutes a valid entry. When you move to a new record, Access checks
to make sure that entire record is valid.

 Icon : Icon provides a symbolic representation of any system entity such as file,
folder, address, table and so on. A folder icon consists of group of files or other folder
icons.

 Dialog box : It is used to capture user information or to present information to the

user. Normally a dialog box is displayed to get additional information. Dialog boxes
are used to indicate error message in the form of alter boxes.

 Check box : Such a box is used to capture information intented confirmation

pertaining to any kind of action desired by the user.

 Menus : The functionality on a GUI system is arranged in the form of Menus such as
Horizontal menus, pull down menus etc. Form the menu, the user can select any
operation of his choice rather than remembering commands at each stage.

 Sliders : These are used to show the relative position of the contents or to move a
different position.

 Desktop Metaphors : In desktop graphical metaphor, users are not aware of

applications and they deal with files, folders, and clipboard.
4
 FRONT END
We have used Visual Basic for our project developers as front end because it is the perfect
programming environment for the 1990s. It is an easy and powerful tool for developing
Windows application in Basic. In our project Visual Basic used as a Front end.

Visual Basic 2.0 was faster, more powerful and even much easier than Visual
Basic 1.0. Visual Basic 3.0 added simple way to control the most powerful databases
available. Visual Basic 4.0 added support for 32-bit development and began the process of
turning Visual Basic into a fully object oriented programming language. Visual Basic 5.0
added the ability to create ture executable and even the ability to make your own controls.

But we decided to use Visual Basic 6.0 because it has added some long
desired features, even more Internet power and even more powerful database features to
make our programming jobs easier, more Wizards. It is the latest, slickest and powerful
Visual Basic yet. When using Visual Basic, the most important skill you need is to adapt at
using the development environment. Without the integrated tools in the environment, Visual
Basic programming would be much more cumbersome and difficult. All design would need to
be done on graph paper and flow charts and it would need to be typed in line by line.

Visual Basic contains many integrated tools to make the application

development process simpler. This collection of tools makes up the Integrated Development
Environment (IDE). Visual Basic provides a graphical environment in which we visually
design the forms and the controls that become the part of our applications. Visual Basic
supports many useful that will help you be more productive. These include, but are not limited
to, projects, forms, class objects, templates, custom controls and database managers. You can
use these tools together to complete applications in months, weeks, even in days ; producing
an application using another language can take much longer. When we strart Visual Basic first
time, the Project Wizard will open we will notice the new Project Dialog Box.
 SYSTEM
REQUIREMENTS

Hardware Requirements Specification :

COMPONENTS MINIMUM RECOMMENDED

REQUIREMENTS
Processor Pentium 133 MHz Pentium 166 MHz or higher

Memory (RAM) 256 MB 512 MB or more

Hard Disk 8 GB 20 GB or more
Display (Resolution) VGA having 640 × 480 VGA having 800 × 600
resolution resolution

Software Requirements Specification :

Technology Visual Basic 5.0 or 6.0

OS/Platform Windows XP
 TOOLS AND ENVIRONMENT USED

 LANGUAGE :
This project used “VISUAL BASIC 6.0” is development environment that run under
Microsoft Windows. It is used write programs that also run under Microsoft Windows.
Visual Basic is a window programming language developed at Microsoft Corporation.
It is powerful programming language to develop sophisticated window programs very
quickly.Visual Basic application is very popular as front- end to many client / server
data base system like SQL / SERVER, MS-ACCESS, and ORACLE etc.
Visual Basic language is having several faces. One is Visaul, which comprises of
objects and tools that easily assemles themselves into a modern Window interfaces.
Another face is Visual Basic Language, which is an outcome of the original BASIC
(Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code).

 VISUAL BASIC USER INTERFACE :

Before you can draw your program’s user interface and write basic code, you have to
know how to use the user interface of visual basic it self. The eight main parts of
visual basic interface are given, although all parts do not necessarily have to be visible
are given time.

 PULL – DOWN MENUS :

Provide access to every available visual basic command, although these menus can be
confused in an intimidating to use.

 TOOLBOX :
Display the types of objects (such as textbox, labels etc.). That you can draw on a
form. The toolbox may not list all possible objects you can draw on a form. To get a
complete list of objects you can display in your Toolbox,Ctrl + T.

 PROJECT EXPLORER :
Show list of all forms or report from that are used in particular project of Visual Basic.

 PROPERTIES WINDOWS :
Display the properties of the currently selected form.

 FORM LAYOUT WINDOW :

Enable you to arrange the location where your form appear on the screen.

 FORM :
Provide a window where you can draw objects to design your program’s user
Interface.

 IMMEDIATE WINDOW :
Enables you to debug your Visual Basic Program
INTRODUCTION OF VISUAL BASIC 6.0
Visual basic is not just a language. It is an Integrated Development Environment in which we
can develop, run, test and debug our applications.

Visual Basic comes in three flavors :

 The Visual Basic Language Edition :- most basic edition for the beginners.
 The Visual Basic Professional Editions :- designed for professionals.
 The Visual Basic Enterprise Edition :- most complete Visual Basic edition.

With Visual Basic, we can following types of applications :

Standard EXE
A Standard EXE project is a typical application. These are types of
applications that developed with previous versions of Visual Basic.

Active EXE, Active DLL

These types of projects are available with professional edition. ActiveX
components are basic code building components that don’t have a visible interface and that
can add special functionality to your applications.

Active control
This type of projects is also a feature of the professional edition. This is one
feature of Visual Basic that attracts all kinds of developers. They are the objects that are
represented on Visual Basic’s toolbox with a small icon, and we can iclude them on any form
to add functionality to the application that uses them.

Data project
This is a feature of enterprise edition. It adds the database ActiveX Designer
to the project explorer windows. The ActiveX designers are Visual tools for accessing and
manipulating database and generating reports.

Visual Basic IDE

It is made up of numbers of components. The main window, in middle of
screen, contains a form named Form1. The form is the application’s window, and in it we can
place the elements of application’s user interface. It is also the window that user sees when
running an application.
 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PARADIGM APPLIED
The basic objectives of software engineering is to develop methods and procedures for
software development that can scale up for large systems and that can be used to consistently
produce high quality software at low cost and with a small cycle time. That is, the key
objectives are consistency, low, cost, high quality, small cycle time and scalabilty.
The basic approach that engineering takes is to separate the development process from the
software. The premise is that the development process controls the quality, scalability,
consistency and productivity.

Different phases of the Development Process :-

 Requirement Analysis :
Requirement analysis is done order to understand the problem the software is to solve.
The problem could be automating exiting manual process, developing a new
automated system, or a combination of the two. The emphasis in requirements analysis
is on identifying what is needed from the system, not how the software development –
a client and a developer.

 Software design :
The purpose of the design phase is to plan a solution of the problem specified by the
requirements documents. This phase is the first step in moving from the problem
domain to the solution domain. The design activity is divided into two phases ; System
Design and Detailed Design. In system design the focus is on identifying the modules,
whereas during detailed design the focus is on designing the logic for each of the
modules

 Coding :
The goal of the coding phase is to translate the design of the system into code in a
given programming language. Hence during coding, the focus should be on
developing programs that are easy to read and understand , and not simply on
developing programs that are easy to write.

 Testing :
Testing is the major quality control measure used during software development. Its
function is to detect error in the software. Testing not only correct errors encountered
during coding, but also errors encountered during the previous phases. Thus, the goal
of testing is to uncover requirement, design and coding errors in the programs.
Therefore, different levels of testing are used. These levels are :
• Unit testing
• System testing
• Storage testing
• Performance time testing
• Procedure testing
• Human factors testing
 TESTING
It should be clear in mind that the philosophy behind testing is to find errors.Test cases are
devised with this purpose in mind. A test case is a set of data that the system will process as
normal input. However, the data are created with the express intent of determining whether
the system will process them correctly. For example, test cases for inventory handling should
include situations in which the quantifies to be withdrawn from inventory exceed, equal and
are less than the actual quantities on hand. Each test case is designed with the intent of finding
errors in the way the system will process it. There are two general strategies for testing
software’s :

1. Code testing
2. Specification testing

In code testing , the analyst develops those cases to execute every instruction and path in a
program. Under specification testing, the analyst examines the program specification and
then writes test data to determine how the program operates under specific conditions.
Regardless of which strategy the analyst follows, there are preferred practices to ensures
that the testing is useful. The levels of tests and types of test data, combined with testing
libraries, are important aspects of the actual test process.

LEVELS OF TESTING :
System are not designed as entire system or they as single systems. The analyst must both
unit and system testing.

 Unit Testing :
In unit testing the analyst tests the programs making up a system. For this
reasons, unit testing is sometimes called program testing. Unit testing gives stress
on the modules independently of one another, to find errors. This helps the tester
in detecting errors in coding and logic that are contained within that module alone.
The errors resulting from the interaction between modules are initially avoided.
For examples, a hotel information system consists of modules to handle
reservation; guest checking and checkout; restaurant, room service and
miscellaneous charges; convention activities; and accounts receivable billing. For
each, it provides the ability to enter, modify or retrieve data and respond to
different types of inquires or prints reports. The test cases needed for unit testing
should exercise each condition and option.

 System Testing :
The important and essential part of the system development phase, after
designing and developing the software is system testing. we cannot say that every
program or system design is perfect and because of lack of communication
between the user and the designer, some error is there in the software
development. The number and nature of error in a nwely designed system should
have all the parts or sub-system works independently. This is the time to gather all
the subsystem into one pool and test the whole systems to determine whether it
meets the user requirements. This is the last change to detect and correct errors
before the system is installed for user acceptance testing. The purpose of system
testing is to consider all the likely variation to which it will be subjected and then
push the system to its limits. System testing consists of the following five steps :
• Program Testing
• String Testing
• System Testing
• System Documentation
• User Acceptable

SPECIAL SYSTEM TESTING :

There are other six tests, which fall under special
category. They are described below :

 Peak Load Test :

It determines whether the system will handle the volume of activities that occur
when the system is at the peak of its processing demand.

 Storage Testing :
It determines the capacity of the system to store transaction data on a disk or in
other files.

 Performance Time Testing :

It determines the length of time system used by the system to process transaction
data. This test is conducted prior to implementation to determine how long it takes
to get a response to an inquiry, make a back up copy of a file, or send a
transmission and get a response.

 Recovery Testing :
This testing determines the ability of user to recover data of re-strat system after
failure.

 Procedure testing :
It determines the clarity of documentation on operation and use of system by
having users does exactly what manuals request.

 Human factors Testing :

It determines how users will use the system when processing data or preparing
reports.
.