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Section 1 Writing

Unit 4 Continuous Writing


Aims
To provide a variety of approaches when writing the introductory paragraph
To give example of paragraph writing
To write the composition
Smart TIS
1! Introduce a topic in an interesting way for descriptive" narrative" factual and reflective writing
#! ractice writing
$%A& I'()
1! *eginning #++4" the S& $nglish 111, paper will have a few changes!
#! aper 1 consists of -irected Writing ./0 mar1s2 and Continuous Writing .0+ mar1s2
/! Students must complete aper 1 in one hour and forty3five minutes!
I'T4)-UCT)45 A4A64A7S
6uidelines
The introductory paragraph must capture the interest of the reader and ma1e him8her want to read further! The
following are some suggestions9
*egin with an episodic narration!
Star with one event which is part of a series of events in a story!
.you may include direct speech2
*egin with a genera statement!
*egin with a definition!
*egin with a :uotation8prover;8saying
C)'TI'U)US
W4ITI'6
Argument Writing
(actual Writing 'arrative Writing
-escriptive Writing 4eflective Writing
$xample of Introductory aragraph
$xercise 1
Write an introductory paragraph on each of the following topics!
1! -escri;e an occasion when you received an unexpected gift!
#! Write a;out the thrills of a first experience!
/! 6ive an account of a visit you made to a sic1 friend in hospital! -escri;e your feelings!
4! Write a story on a ;oastful child!
0! Write a short story ;eginning with this line9 <*ut you agreed to ta1e me= She cried! < Iwill never ;elieve you
again!
$xamples of introductory paragraphs in descriptive writing
$xercise #
Write an introductory paragraph on each of the following topics!
Topic 1 9 My neighbour.
$xample9 The moment &r Seng is up and a;out" you cannot miss his
cheery >6ood morning" Alice>! ractically everyone gets a personali?ed
greeting! $ven if you get up on the wrong side of the ;ed" you are >right>
again" with &r Seng>s cheerful and pleasant disposition! What would people
li1e me do without &r Seng@
An
Episodic
Narratio
n
Topic # 9 Write about some of your classmates and the way they behave.
$xample 9 It ta1es all sorts to ma1e the world! < If you step into my class"
the various personalities from 4ama t Wee Ain will intrigue you!
An
Episode
Narratio
n
Topic / 9 -escri;e a place you often go to!
$xample 9 ort -ic1son holds much fascination for me! I go there often
to enBoy the peace and :uiet of a holiday resort ;y the sea" and to escape
from the ;ustle and ;ustle of city life!
A General
Statement
Topic 19 Describe an occasion when you were very frightened.
$xample9 The ;us was travelling at high speed! 1 have ;een used to several trips li1e this
;efore ;ut this time 1 felt frightened! The driver was a new face" the weather was
;ad and the road was slippery! The passengers were unusually :uiet and had loo1s
of anxiety" Bust as I had!

An
$pisodic
'arration
Topic #9 < I sensed from the beginning that something was going to happen C!D Continue the story!
$xample9 I sensed from the ;eginning that something was going to happen! &other was sitting at the
dining ta;le" staring at the window! I could tell from her countenance that she was upset!
>&other" is there anything wrong@> &y :uestion ;ro1e the stillness of the wet early morning!
>'o" nothing" dear! I>m Bust!!! Bust tired!> &other tried to conceal her feelings ;ut I 1new her
only too well!
An
$pisodic
'arration
1! &y mother
#! -escri;e a;out some of your friends whom you meet regularly!
/! Write a;out some of your friends whom you meet regularly!
4! -escri;e an open3air for an3flight maga?ine designed to attract tourist to visit your country!
Examples of introductory paragraphs in argumentative writing
$xercise /
Write an introductory paragraph on each of the following topics.
1! Should smo1ing ;e ;anned in pu;lic places@
#! Advertisements are informative and interesting! 7ow far do you agree with this opinion@
/! -iscuss the advantages and disadvantages of ;eing the only child in a family!
4! What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in a village@
0! -iscuss steps that could ;e ta1en to eradicate drug addiction among youths in your country!
$xamples of introductory paragraphs in descriptive or factual writing
Topic 19 Should co-curricular activities be made compulsory in schools?
$xample9 Co3curricular activities involve students> participation in clu;s or societies and
sporting activities outside school hours! In my opinion" I strongly ;elieve that
co3curricular activities are a waste of time and energy" and should not ;e made
compulsory in schools!
Topic #9 If you receive RM!! !!!" what single item would you buy and why?
$xample9 &oney ma1es the world go round! If I were to receive 4&#++ +++! I would not thin1 twice
a;out using the money to ;uy my dream house! It has always ;een my desire to own a holiday
;ungalow ;y the sea!
A
Definition
A
Saying
Topic /9 6ive the advantages and disadvantages of possessing wealth!
$xample9 Wealth is very often an important criterion in determining one>s lifestyle! There are" however"
advantages and disadvantages of possessing wealth!
A
General
Statement
Topic 4 9 -iscuss steps that could ;e ta1en to help the handicapped in your country!
$xample9 Wherever we go" we see handicapped people" very often neglected
and in a pitiful condition! There are many ways that the pu;lic and private
sectors" and charita;le ;odies can help the disa;led in the country!
A
General
Stateme
nt
$xercise 4
Write an introductory paragraph on each of the following topics!
1! 7ousehold chores
#! Superstitions
/! 7o;;ies
4! Write a;out the damage caused ;y flood
0! The importance of learning a foreign language!
BODY!"DD#E $A%AG%A$&S
Smart TIS
A useful strategy is to write a topic sentence and ela;orate on this!
Argumentative Writing9 ros and Cons
Topic 9 What are the advantages and disadvantages of owning a car@
$xample9 )ne of the advantages of owning a car is the convenience and
comfort it offers to us! We need not spend a lot of time waiting for
pu;lic transport! We step out and drive to our destination! 4ain or shine"
night or day" it does not matter! )wning a car is certainly ;eneficial!
7owever" owning a car also ;rings with it a fair share of pro;lems!
A car needs to ;e maintained and loo1ed after Bust li1e any other possession!
This involves expenditure and more so when there is a ;rea1down and repair of
some sort is re:uired!
$xercise 1
'ow you try! Write a parallel paragraph on each of these topics!
1! What are the advantages and disadvantages of going to
wor1 ;y pu;lic transport@
#! Consider the advantages and disadvantages of living in a
condominium!
Smart TIS S&
1! In your topic sentence" give one
advantages!
#! $la;orate on the topic sentence
;y giving reasons!
Topic 9 #ets
$xample 9 ets are most certainly a Boy to have for they are man>s ;est
friends without expecting much in return! They are a source of comfort
in sorrow and loneliness" and yet an added Boy in happy times!
A
General
Statement
Argumentative Writing9 Eiews
Topic9 -o money and possessions ;ring happiness@
$xample9 According to a well31nown prover; >&oney is the root
of all evil>! I wholeheartedly agree with this and that is why I say
money and possessions do not ;ring happiness! With money" it is
possi;le to ac:uire possessions and often people who have a lot
;ecome arrogant and overconfident! With money to spare" people
sometimes develop unhealthy ha;its! -rin1ing alcoholic ;everages
in excess" smo1ing and gam;ling are Bust some of the vices that the rich indulge in!
$xercise #
'ow you try! Write a parallel paragraph on3each of these
topics!
1! -oes television help to educate the young@
#! Should cigarette advertisements ;e ;anned in the mass
media@
-escriptive Writing9 lace
Topic9 An unusual place
$xample9 Fuala Aumpur is an unusual city! It has a ;lend of the old and new!
'ot many cities have this unusual characteristic! )n the one side are huge
colonial ;uildings and on the other modern high3rise ;uildings"
offices and shopping complexes! &any tourists are often attracted ;y
this ;lend of the old and new!
$xercise /
'ow you try! Write a parallel paragraph on each of these topics!
1! An ideal place for relaxation!
#! A :uaint village!
-escriptive Writing9 erson
Topic9 An unforgetta;le character!
$xample9 I was shoc1ed to hear of her death! )nly the other day she seemed so
full of life and energy! She visited some orphans and coo1ed a ;ig meal
for them! uan 7amidah wasG me" a tower of strength! In spite of her
heavy ;urden" she always wore a smile! She seemed to have this rare
:uality!
Smart TIS S&
1! The topic sentence in the example is
a prover;!
#! 7ere" you should state if you agree
or disagree with the :uestion!
/! (ollow it up with reasons!
Smart TIS S&
1! In the topic sentence" follow the
example
#! The sentences that follow the
topic sentence must show9
how ideal the place for
relaxation!
how :uaint the village is
$xercise 4
'ow you try! Write a parallel on each of these topics!
1! An interesting character!
#! &y childhood friend!
'arrative Writing9 $vent8Incident
Topic9 $ne%pected failure.
$xample9 " did not expect to fail again! 7ow could I@ &ay;e it was
true after all" that I was a misera;le failure in life! I wor1ed
so hard to pass the examination! I put in more hours
each day! When my friends invited me out" I always refused!
In fact" I even gave watching television! 5et" this was the
resultHfailure in three su;Bects out of eight!
$xercise 0
'ow you try! Write a parallel paragraph on each of these topics!
1 Surprise visit!
# An unforgetta;le Bourney!
4eflective Writing
Topic 19 Shopping habits.
$xample9 Shopping is really a fun activity for most people! They love to
spend their leisure time in shopping complexes" department stores
or supermar1ets Bust to window shop or loo1 for good ;argains! There
are all sorts of people who go shopping! There are the fastidious persons
who ta1e hours Bust to loo1 around ;efore purchasing anything! Then"
there are those who go out for a specific purpose Bust to ;uy what is
re:uired and leave :uic1ly! (inally" there are those who always go to
a sale and end up with some useless thing=
$xercise I
'ow you try! Write a parallel paragraph on each of use topic!
1! Study ha;its!
#! Wee1ends!
Smart TIS S&
1 Write a topic sentence which
gives one G aspect of his8her
character!
# $la;orate the topic sentence ;y
filling in with facts!
Smart TIS S&
1 Write a topic sentence which sets the
scene!
J a surprise visit
J an unforgetta;le Bourney
# (ollow this up with facts of the
visit8Bourney
Smart TIS S&
1! &a1e some general
comments9
J students have different study ha;its
J people spend their wee1ends in
different ways
# (ollow this up with9
J different approaches these students
Topic # 9 &eighbours.
$xample9 'eigh;ours are persons living next door to us! 7owever" this
definition is very restrictive! Today" the term <neigh;ourD includes
people living in a wider area! ersons living across" opposite" on the
next street and even within the same area are often regarded as neigh;ours!
$xercise K
'ow you try! Write a parallel paragraph on each of use topics!
1 (riends!
# Tourist guides!
(actual Writing
Topic9 'he value of learning (nglish
$xample9 English is the passport to studying a'road! With a good $nglish
grade" one can apply to universities in *ritain" the United States"
Canada" Australia" 'ew Lealand and other $nglish spea1ing countries!
*eing a;le to communicate in $nglish helps student to adapt faster to
life in a foreign country!
$xercise M
'ow you try! Write a parallel paragraph on each of these topics!
1 The value of learning coo1ing!
# The importance of eating fruit and vegeta;les!
'A44ATIE$ W4ITI'6
$vent Incident
lanning strategy
Write the story using the planning strategy!
Smart TIS S&
1 6ive a general definition on
(riends
Tourist guides in the topic
sentence
# $la;orate on the definition!
Smart TIS S&
1 Write a topic sentence with an
idea on the
value of learning coo1ing
importance of eating fruit
and vegeta;les
$la;orate it!
$xercise 1
6ive in a sentence the main event8incident you would write a;out the following topics
1 -escri;e a visit to a dentist!
# 6ive an account of a day trip to a shopping mail!
/ Write a;out an accident you witnessed!
4 -escri;e a long ;us Bourney!
0 A thunderstorm in my area!
$xample
Write an account that of a memora;le experience!
Writing the composition9 Step to follow
Aet us assume that you have3chosen to write a;out graduation day!
Step 1 rewriting *rainstorming techni:ue9 Aisting!
graduation day flowers memora;le nervous happy8excited
parents clothes scroll camera party8cele;ration
Step # lanning Write the storyline!
$xercise #
Choose two of following topics! Write down the main event8incident in one sentence!
Then" write the storyline! Complete it within 10 minutes!
1! Write a holiday you spent with friend!
#! 4elate a wedding ceremony which you attended!
/! -escri;e any interesting Bourney have made!
4! -escri;e a young childDs first day at 1indergarten
0! An unforgetta;le day!
"ntroduction(
Activities leading up to
6raduation -ay .the
memora;le experience2
$aragraph )
6raduate -ay #4 Nune
#++0
$aragraph *
In the 6reat 7all
o shopping .clothes"
shoes" etc2
o cards and message
received
o dressed <to 1illD
o felt extra special in
grown and mortar ;oard
o photo3ta1ing
o Students and parents
o Aoo1ing out parents3
tried to spot them
$aragraph +
The moment
$aragraph ,
Incidents after
-onclusion
oWal1ing up to stage
to received scroll
o'ervous
o$verything over in a
o hoto3ta1ing
session
o Aunch in restaurant
with
o 6raduation party at
friend house in the
evening!
o Will not forget
memora;le
$xercise /
Write an account of a frightening experience! Use the given storyline to help you!
Incident9 A close encounter with a tiger on a camping trip!
School vacation O went camping with classmates!
)n the way O tired Ospotted wooden hut O went in to rest O fell asleep!
wo1e up with a startHheard roar
peeped through a holeHsaw tiger circling hut
terrifiedHpanic3stric1en
tiger scratched wooden walls occasionallyHseemed intent on getting in
fears grewHsat on floorHhuddled togetherHtrem;ledHas :uiet as mice
tiger roared again and againHaggressive
waiting to ;e mauled ;y the tigerHmight ;rea1 into hut any moment
suddenlyHheard distant voices
yelled at the top of our voicesH>7elp= Tiger=>
gunshotsHthen silence
four 4angers rushed in
relievedHhappyHtears of Boy
a;andoned camping tripH4angers warned of presence of wild animals
escorted out of Bungle ;y 4angers
will never ;e a;le to forget this frightening experience
&odel Composition 1
I can never forget the day I graduated from university! This was the day my family and I waited
for" and it too1 three years to achieve it! It was the day I could formally and officially ;e called an
accountant! I can still recall every moment of that memora;le experience!
Wee1s ;efore graduation day" my friends and I were ;usy shopping for clothes" shoes and
accessories for the ;ig event! Together with my family" we planned a :uiet cele;ration lunch after
morning ceremony!
&eanwhile" congratulatory cards and messages came pouring in! (or sentimental reasons" I put
*ern all in an al;um> entitled >&y 6raduation>! $ven today" I often flip through the pages and nostalgia
sweeps over me!
(inally the day arrived! It was #4 Nune #++0" and my parents" friends and I were dressed >to 1ill>!
I felt extra special in my gown and mortar ;oard ;ecause of all the attention I was getting! Cameras
clic1ed away! I posed for countless photographs with my parents and friends!
Soon" it was time for us to ta1e our seats in the great hall! 1 still remem;er loo1ing out to see if
could spot my parents in the vast sea of faces in the hall! This" of course" was impossi;le!
Then the long awaited moment arrived! I wal1ed up to the stage in a da?e to receive my scroll!
There were ;utterflies in my stomach and I could feel my heart pounding! In spite of my nervousness" I
wal1ed ;oldly and confidently! The short path to the stage seemed to ;e neverending! It was li1e a film
in slow motion! (inally" I stretched out ;oth my arms for my scroll! I was a great moment for me and
for my parents! After all the days spent in preparation for the event" everything was over in a few
seconds!
After the ceremony" we headed for the photo studio to have some photographs ta1en ;y
<professionalsD! Then my parents treated me to a wonderful lunch in a cosy restaurant!
Aater in the evening" I Boined my friends for a graduation party at a friend>s house! We had a
great time 3 enBoying the delicious ;ar;ecued meat and reminiscing funny and serious moments!
We too1 more photographs! There would pro;a;ly never ;e another occasion li1e this! It was the end to
carefree days and the ;eginning of another chapter in our lives!
It was indeed a memora;le experience and I do not thin1 I can ever forget any part of it!
$xercise 4
5ou have a temporary Bo; as a waiter8waitress during the long school vocation! -escri;e what
happened during the first day of wor1!
Incident9 (irst of wor1!
reason for getting temporary employment
place of wor1Hfast food restaurant
nature of wor1Hta1e ordersHinform 1itchen staffHserve food on traysHhand ;ills to customers3
clean up ta;les
met different types of customers
some rude" e!g! one man annoyed with slow serviceHshouted at me
some pleasant" e!g! a lady with two young childrenHpatientHpolite
;usyHespecially lunch hourH;ig crowdHon feet all the time
only half3hour ;rea1 for lunch at # p!m!
tiredHcould hardly eatHgulped down sandwiches and dran1 some water
continued wor1ing
even had to mop the floor when some children spilt drin1s
wor1ed under an eagle3eyed supervisorHmust 1eep smiling and ;e courteous at all times
exhausted when day was overHrelievedHreally happy to go homeHeye3openerHwor1ing life is hard wor1

Short Story
lanning Strategy
Write the storyline using the planning strategy!
$xercise 0
$ach topic" say in one sentence what the story is a;out!
Tell the story of a :uarrel ;etween you and friend!
Write a story entitled <A 'arrow $scapeD
*egin a story with9 <It was late at night! I heard someone calling meC!P
$xample9
<*efore" I arrived at her house" I feared &rs! hilips would say some say some harsh words to me ;ut CD
Writing the composition9 Step to follow!
Step 1 rewriting *rainstorming techni:ue9 Aisting
angry
scared
why would &rs! hilips ;e angry@
prepared myself
had scolded her son
civic3 consciousness
Step # lanning Write the storyline!
'aughty children playing in the neigh;orhood!
Throwing stones
Shattered windows
Shouted and threatened them
Caught one ;oy
&r Sen O a neigh;our O wal1ed ;y O suggested O let him go
-iscovered O afraid of eviction
Sudden tea invitation
Uneasy O afraid of scolding
Surprise Ore:uest to replant ferms
Told story a;out son and other ;oys
Unexpected ending O &rs hilips commended me for civic O consciousness
Conclusion O happy and relieved
Step / Writing Write a draft O expand8ela;orate the notes in the
storyline!
Step 4 $diting Chec1 for grammar and spelling mista1es!
Improve on voca;ulary and sentence structures!
Step 0 4ewriting Write the final draft!
&odel Composition #
*efore I arrived at her house" I feared &rs! hilips would say some harsh words to me ;ut to my
surprise" she welcomed me warmly! I 1ept wondering why she was not angry with me! &y mind
1ept going ;ac1 to that incident which happened less than twenty3four hours ago!
It was a cool evening and I was Bogging in the neigh;ourhood! As I turned a corner" I
noticed a group of ;oys throwing stones and pe;;les at a vacant house! It was the sound of
shattering glass that caught my attention first! I shouted at the ;oys to stop! They ignored me
and laughed! Seeing this" my anger rose! I threatened to report them to the police! )ne of them
shouted ;ac1" >5ou don>t even 1now our names=> As I got nearer" the rest ;egan to disperse in
different directions! I managed to get hold of the collar of that arrogant ;oy and shoo1 him hard
several times! While doing so" I 1ept shouting at him!
>-on>t you have anything ;etter to do than to destroy property@ Who>s your father@ Who>s
you mother@ I>ll report you to the police" you rude" ;adly ;rought up 1id !!!>
In the midst of this outrage" one of my neigh;ours" &r Sen" wal1ed ;y! 7e as1ed me what
happened! >Nust give him a warning and let him go! After all" he is the son of your landlady!>
7earing that" my fingers immediately released their grip! I let go of the ;oy>s collar and he
ran for his life!
The next morning" while I remained glum sitting in my room" I heard &rs hilips calling
me >)h no"> I thought to myself" >this is it=>
I loo1ed out of the window only to hear &rs hilips say" >Nac1" come over for tea
tomorrow evening at four!> Then she drove off! I 1ept worrying a;out what would happen! &rs
hilips would pro;a;ly give me a piece of her mind! >
Standing ;efore the door to the hilips> home" I too1 a deep ;reath and then 1noc1ed
softly! Soon" &rs! hilips stood at the door" inviting me in with open arms! As I followed her to
the dining3room" I muttered" >&rs hilips !!! er !!! er !!! I can explain! I !!! please let me tell you
how it all happened!> "
>&y dear Nac1" I have no idea what you>re saying ;ut let me tell you why I as1ed you
over forB Then you can tell me !!! er !!! what you>re trying to say! Will that ;e all right@>
>5es" ma>am">I answered mee1ly!
Surprise= Surprise= &rs hilips only wanted my help to replant her ferns! I could now
smile and enBoy my tea!
&y confidence grew and soon I was relating the little incident to her! To my surprise"
she said she had heard a;out the incident from one of her neigh;ours and had already
reprimanded her E ;oy! Instead of ;eing angry" she commended me for my civic3consciousness!
I left the hilips> house with happy feelings! I felt relieved and was actually overwhelmed with
Bo1ed!
$xercise I
Choose two the following topics! Write down the story is a;out in one sentence! Then" write the storyline! Complete
it within 10 minutes!
1! Continue the story9 <I wo1e up with a terri;le headacheC!!
#! Write a story which illustrates9 >7onesty pays>!
/! Write a;out an occasion when someone tried to cheat you!
4! 4elate a true or imaginary story in which you saved someone from danger!
0! Write a story which ends with9 >That was the happiest day in my life!
$xercise K
Write a story entitled <The tric1 ;ac1firedD! Use the given storyline to help you!
start of new school termHa newcomer
;espectacled" serious loo1ing" soft
spo1en
intelligentHscored high mar1s in all
su;Bects
soon ;ecame teacher>s pet
decided to have some harmless fun with
him
he was tal1ing to the teacher in the staff
room
played a tric1Hput a rat in his ;ag
came in and sat down
put his hand into his ;ag to ta1e a ;oo1
saw the rat and screamed
;urst out laughingHexpected him to follow suita;le
he ;ecame hysterical and ran out of the class
we were stunned
a few of us ran after him3Q3found him shivering
crying uncontrolla;ly
discovered the reasonHterrified of ratsHhis fat
used to loc1 him up in a shed where there were!
when he did not score an >A> for any su;Bect
apologi?edH;egan to understand him ;etter
;ecame firm friends
$xercise M
Write a story ;out your school sport day when the guest of honour failed to arrive on time! Use the given storyline
to help you!
# p!m O all guest had arrived O teachers" officials and competitors ready!
waiting anxiously for &rr! Aouis" our guest of honour" to arrive
#!/+ p!m O still no sign of &r Aouis O start of sport delayed
headmaster O instructed one of the teachers to telephone &r! AouisDs residence O pri?es to ;e given away ;y
headmaster
suddenly O a taxi drove up O door flung open O guest of honour Bumped out
headmaster and welcoming committee rushed to great &r! Aouis
&r! Aouis O made ;rief speech O explained delay O car ;ro1e down O apologi?ed
crowd cheered O happy O guest of honour managed to turn up for pri?e O giving ceremony
$xercise ,
Write a composition on the following topics!
1 <It all started the day my headmistress called me into her officeC < Continue the story!
# Write a story a;out a primary school;oy who was 1idnapped outside his school!
-$SC4ITIE$ W4ITI'6
lace
lanning strategy
1! -escri;e the place under heading li1e9
Aocation
laces to visit8see
7ighlight to do
Accommodation
Weather
#! To ma1e your writing more vivi" use some of the
following9
AdBective" e!g! panoramic view" twin1ling
light" pollution3free water" roan freely
airs of words" eg" hustle and ;ustle
Idiomatic expressions" eg in all weathers
(igurative language" e!g" rough it out
eople" etc Similes" eg as pretty as a picture
$xercise 1
Write a;out five places you would li1e to see! Where are they@ Why do thin1 you would li1e to see them@
$xample

$xercise #
4ead the following sentences!
If you had a choice" where would you li1e to live@
Some people li1e the peace and :uiet of the country!
Some people feel that life is empty if they away from the noise and excitement of a city!
Some people are never happy if they do not hear the sound of the sea!
Write five line a;out the topic! 5ou may li1e this9 < I would li1e liveCC!D
$xample
-escri;e a place you would li1e to go for a holiday!
.riting the composition( Step to follow
1! Non1er Street &alacca To see anti:ue
#!
/!
4!
0!
Step # lanning aragraphing
$xpansion of notes
aragraph 19 >earl of the )rient> H north3west of eninsular &alaysia H
founded ;y (rancis Aight H lin1ed to mainland ;y the enang
*ridge H one of the longest in Asia
aragraph #9 enang 7ill H funicular railway H panoramic view H cool
weather
aragraph / 9 *eaches H ;each hotels8chalets H swimming
aragraph 49 *otanical 6arden H mon1eys H peanuts H roam freely
aragraph 09 *utterfly (arm H Fe1 Ao1 Si Temple8Sna1e Temple H
Anglican Church8&alay mos:ue
aragraphs 9 Eariety of food H cheap H delicious
aragraph K9 Ideal getaway
Step / Writing Write a draft O expand8ela;orate the notes in the storyline!
Step 4 $diting Chec1 for grammar and spelling mista1es!
Improve on voca;ulary and sentence structures!
Step 0 4ewriting Write the final draft!
aragraph #" /" 4
and 09 places to visit
enang food!
Conclusion9 Sum up!
Introduction9
location" historical
;ac1ground!
&odel Composition /
enang" 1nown as the >earl of the )rient>" is my choice for a holiday destination! It is a small island off
the north3west roast peninsular &alaysia! 7istorically" it was founded ;y (rancis Aight and
was once part of the Straits Settlements! It is lin1ed to the mainland ;y the enang *ridge" one of the
longest in Asia!
)ne of the pleasant places to visit is enang 7ill! (or me" a trip to enang is not complete
without a ride up the funicular railway to the top! (rom there" I can get a panoramic view of the whole
island and even the Indian )cean! *y night" the view of twin1ling lights of the city ;elow is simply
;reathta1ing! I also li1e the cool weather and peaceful environment" away from the hustle Fid ;ustle of
city life! It is a place where I can relax and feel as if I am in another world!
)n the lowlands" the palm3fringed sandy ;eaches are a paradise for sea3lovers! I can choose to
gay in the luxurious" ;ut expensive five3star ;each hotels along TanBung *ungah or rough it out in Ghe
cheaper chalets! 7ere" I can go swimming in the crystal3clear" pollution3free water or sit under shady
trees" sipping refreshingly cool coconut water!
I also loo1 forward to seeing the troops of mon1eys in the *otanical 6arden! I cannot resist
feeding them with peanuts Bust li1e other visitors to this popular place! The mon1eys are really not >raid
of people and actually roam all over the grounds freely!
There are also many other interesting places to visit! (irstly" there is the *utterfly (arm!
Situated next to the (orest 4ecreation ar1" it has 0+++ multi3coloured ;utterflies! The farm also
includes a water garden with waterfalls and duc1 ponds! Another place that is a must is the Fe1 Ao1 Si
Temple in Air Itam which is reputed to ;e the largest and finest temple in South3$ast Asia! It has giant3
si?ed statues of the four heavenly 1ings in Chinese mythology who are meant to guard the northern"
southern" eastern and western frontiers of the temples in heaven! The next temple to see is the famous
Sna1e Temple where you can see sna1es entwined round twigs and ;ranches on the premises! )ther
famous religious places are the first Anglican Church and the &alay mos:ue! The former is
distinguished ;y white columns rising from a mar;le floor while the latter resem;les foolish
architecture!
(inally" one of the chief attractions that lures me to enang is the variety of foodHespecially
haw1er food availa;le! This is the place to savour the un;eata;le enang la)sa. There really is no other
place in &alaysia where you can find food that is as cheap" plentiful and delicious=
In short" enang island is my ideal getaway for holidays! *esides ;eautiful tourist spots to go to"
there is plenty of mouth3watering food to enBoy!
$xercise /
Write the first three sentences in the first paragraph for each of these topics!
1! &y hometown!
#! A popular shopping complex that you go to!
/! -escri;e a place which gives you great pleasure!
4! &y ideal getaway!
0! A national par1!
$xercise 4
Use the clustering techni:ue to ;rainstorm one of the following topics!
1! A recreation area in my hometown!
#! Write an account of the tourist attractions in your country!
/! -escri;e a famous place you have visited!
4! Write a;out a city8place that you have visited during your holidays!
0! An a;andoned house!

$xercise 0
-escri;e the place you would li1e to ta1e your foreign pen friend to when he8she visits you!
7ere are some points to help you!
$xercise I
-escri;e a shopping centre which you often go to! 7ere are some points to help you!
1! 'ame of shopping centreHlocationH
reason.s2 for popularity
#! )verall description of shopping centreH
painted green and white 3 colourful decorH
splendid display of goods
/! (loor ;y floor description
6round floorHsupermar1et
(irst floorHmen>s" ladies and children>s
clothes
Second floorHfurnishing and household
items
Third floorHtoy>s world
4! (acilities
AiftsHescalatorsHfree par1ing at
underground car par1HrestaurantsH;ench
for tired shoppers
0! Why I li1e to shop there
)ne3stop shopping centreHconvenient3
open even on Sundays
Aarge variety of goodsHreasona;ly priced
Shop in air3conditioned comfort
'o par1ing pro;lems
1! Cameron 7ighlands
AocationHpopular hill resortHscenic
;eautyHcool weather
#! laces to see
(lower gardensHroses"
chrysanthemums" etc!
Eegeta;le farmHca;;ages" tomatoes"
etc"
Tea estates
Waterfalls
/! Things to do
*uying fresh vegeta;les" fruit and
flowers at the farms
(or nature loversHBungle tre1s" catch
;utterflies
(or othersHmorning8evening wal1s
At nightHread8relax or chat ;y fireside
4! (ood
Choice of western and local cuisine
0! Accommodation
7otelsH;ungalowsHchalets
I! Cool weather
$nBoy the cool weatherHaway from
humid lowland heat
4eBuvenatedHfeel alert and active
K! Ideal getaway
Idyllic holiday
/!
dignified
stout
frail
adolescent
thin
elderly
ersonal
lanning strategy
1! -escri;e the person.s2 under headings li1e9
physical features 3 general appearance9 age"
height" ;uilt details 3 face" nec1" hands"
;ody
characteristics" e!g! helpful81ind8caring8
dependa;le8generous8friendly8selfish8cruel
idiosyncrasies8ha;its8mannerisms8actions
what he8she says and thin1s
what others say to and a;out him8her
interests8ho;;ies
career8wor1 and achievements
family
#! (or descriptive writing .person2 you
need to use some of the following to ma1e
your writing more vivid!
AdBectives" e!g! dynamic personality"
home3made ca1es
Adver;s" e!g! listens patiently
airs of words" e!g! hale and hearty
Idiomatic expressions" e!g! down to
earth
(igurative language" e!g! running
commentary
Similes" e!g! as smooth as sil1
$xercise K
-escri;e the appearance of the people ;elow! *eside each s1etch are six adBectives! Tic1s three words that ;est
descri;es the person!
1!
-haracter and personalities
$xercise M
*hoose the pleasant and unpleasant characteristics from the list arid write them in the correct bo%es. $se a to find
the meanings of words that you do not )now.
helpful la?y vain ;rave honest friendly wise ;oring
stingy greedy sly snea1y generous sarcastic ;ossy enthusiastic
charming &eticulous :uarrelsome doting diligent mercenary gulli;le vivacious
chu;;y
well3fed
tall
gigantic
small
stout
#
paunchy
slim
lan1y
well O
dressed
scrawny
elderly
Unpleasant Characteristic
RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
leasant Characteristic
RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
/eelings
$xercise 1+
Choose words from the list to descri;e the feelings of the following people9
1! A frightened person RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
#! A person in pain RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
/! An excited person RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
4! An angry person RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
0! A sleepy person RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
I! A happy person RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
K! A person at an interview RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
M! A young child at a recreation centre RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
,! A person whose close relative has died RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
1+! A person at the scene of a ro;;ery RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
$xample
&y favourite aunt!
Writing the composition9 Step to follow
excited curious
confident envious
pleased hopeful
annoyed shoc1ed
contented worried
fearful unhappy
spiteful upset
anxious cheerful
relaxed angry
misera;le sleepy
Smart TIS S&
If your aunt still alive" use the present tense
If your aunt has passed away" then you must
use the past tense
Step # lanning aragraphing
$xpansion of notes!
aragraph 1 9 &iss 4osalind SamuelHmaternal aunt" 40 years
aragraph # 9 1I1cmHpetiteHslim figureHfair complexionHsmiling
eyesHlustrous" ;lac1" shoulder3length hairHface
Hsmooth as sil1" rosy chee1s and luscious" pin1 lipsH
slender" smooth nec1Hhour3glass figure
aragraph / 9 very particular a;out appearanceHwardro;e" cosmetics"
perfumes" hand;ags" accessoriesHdynamic personality
aragraph 4 9 comic sideHcontorts her face in many expressions causing
laughter
aragraph 0 9 caringH;rings >goodies> for us to eatHinvites us for dinner
aragraph I 9 helpfulHhelps us with homewor1Hdrives us to piano
lessons8clu; for swimmingHgo shopping for clothes
aragraph K 9 dependa;leHalways there when neededHcalm and composed
aragraph M 9 conclusionHnomination for >&odel Aunt> goes to
Aunt 4osalind
Step 0 Writing Write a draftHexpand8ela;orate the notes in the
storyline!
Step 4 $diting Chec1 for grammar and spelling mista1es!
Improve on voca;ulary and sentence structures!
Step 0 4ewriting Write the final draft!
Introduce her!
hysical description!
aragraphs / and 49
ersonality description
aragraphs 0" I and K9
4elative what she does to
show what a good aunt
she is!
Conclude with a statement
reaffirm your
view8opinion
&odel Composition 4
I cannot help ;ut admire the immaculately dressed and ;eautiful lady! At the age of forty3five" she hold
herself very well and has the charm and grace to go with it! I hope to ;e li1e her some day! She is &iss
4osalind Samuel" my maternal aunt!
Aunt 4osalind stands 1I1 cm" with a petite" slim figure and distinguished features to match! She
has a fair complexion" smiling eyes and lustrous" ;lac1" shoulder3length hair! 7er face is as smooth as
tal1" and she has rosy chee1s and luscious" pin1 lips! 7er slender" smooth nec1 often displays the many
nec1laces she so tastefully chooses and her hour3glass figure is the envy of everyone who sees her!
She is very particular a;out her wardro;e" her choice of cosmetics and perfume! (or different
clothes" she has shoes" hand;ags and accessories to match! Always flawlessly well made3up and
fashiona;le" my aunt is really attractive! 7er dynamic personality is seen even in her movements
and activities! She ta1es exercise3routines and nutrition very seriously and that explains why she is
fit as a fiddle!
&y Aunt 4osalind also has a comic side to her which really ma1es her so much fun to ;e with!
She can contort her face into many different expressions which ma1es ;oth children and adults
roar with laughter! 7er imagination spills over" especially when she goes to a fancy dress party! She is
usually the funniest and the most original! 7er witty comments and sense of humour ma1e her the
life and soul of any party or gathering!
$xercise 11
Write a composition on <&y favourite uncleD! Use the clustering techni:ue to ;rainstorm the topic! (ill the
<;alloonsD with details
$xercise 1#
-escri;e your neigh;our! 7ere are some points to help you!
1! &r! LimmermanHfifty3eight years oldH
widowerHretired teacherHlives alone in small
;ungalow with spacious gardenH grown3up
children wor1ing in other states
#! hysical featuresHtallHlan1yHdar1 complexion
/! Caring and helpfulHgives free $nglish tuition to
poor neigh;ourhood childrenH coaches ;oys in
;admintonHwon competitions
4! (riendlyHnever fails to greet young and old
Hwelcomes children to his house" especially
during the fruit seasonsHgive fruit from his
garden to friends and neigh;ours
0! AeisureHgardeningHfavourite ho;;yH plants
fruit treesHflowersHproud owner= of the >;est>
garden in the neigh;ourhood Hgoes for evening
wal1s
I! IdiosyncrasiesHloves to sing while gardeningH
favourite songHfavourite expression >pardon
me>Hswings a wal1ingS stic1 while wal1ing
Although our household has a helper for domestic chores" my aunt 1nows how very ;usy my
mother is! So" she ma1es it a point to ;ring over home3made ca1es" curry puffs and other mouth3
watering >goodies> for us to relish every now and then! In addition" every Saturday night" we are guests
at her home for dinner! We do not only enBoy the delicious food" ;ut also the exchange of ideas and a
running commentary on the wee1>s events! These are really fun evenings!
)ften during the wee1" my aunt is at our home helping us with our homewor1 or ferrying us to
piano lessons or to the clu; for swimming! The list of activities also includes shopping for clothes" lifts
and household items! Aunt 4osalind>s advice on the selection of our clothes and shoes is
fantastic! She has very good taste and excellent fashion sense! She herself is the centre of attention with
her youthful loo1s and elegantly tailored outfits! )n many occasions" she is mista1en as >one
the girls>!
A standing order from her is that we are to call her in any crisis or pro;lem! 'o matter how
;usy she is" she always listens patiently! She always spea1s in a very composed tone" telling us what to
do" or she would rush over to our house to help us! She is really as cool as a cucum;er at all times!
The nomination for >&odel Aunt> will certainly go to Aunt 4osalind! She is a ;eautiful"
dynamic" helpful" humorous and loving person!
&5 (AE)U4IT$ U'CA$
hysical
(eatures
$xercise 1/
Wrote a composition on the following people!
1! &y penfriend from another country!
#! The most interesting ;oy8girl in my class!
/! Write a;out a well 1nown person in your country!
A%G0!EN1A1"2E .%"1"NG
6uideline
1! 5ou may have to do one of the following9
To present a viewpoint .i!e! ro argue for or
against a topic )4 to argue in such a way sa
as to persuade the reader to agree with you2
To discuss the pros and cons of the topic
To try to solve a given pro;lem
#! Use these strategies9
Introduction O state your stand on the topic
&iddle paragraph O present the facts clearly
and forcefully" give accurate facts" use
specific examples and illustrations to
support your argument
Conclusion O reiterate your stand
ros and Cons
$xample
What are the advantages and disadvantages of students participating in sport@
Writing the composition9 Step to follow
Step 1 rewriting *rainstorming techni:ue9 Aisting
Advantages
7ealthy
4elease stress and tension
-isadvantages
'o time for homewor1
Spend too much time in school
Step # lanning a! 6ive a topic sentence for each
paragraph .i!e for each
advantage8disadvantage2
;! $xpansion of notes!
aragraph 19 SportsHactivities carried
out for pleasure8exercise
aragraph #9 6ood for health
aragraph /9 Sports participation instils
discipline and develops
leadership :ualities
Introduce the topic! 6ive definition!
Advantage 1H$la;orate topic sentence! What good
does sports do for the ;ody@
Advantage #H$la;orate topic sentence! 7ow@ 6ive
examples on discipline and leadership :ualities!
Advantage /H$la;orate topic sentence! 7ow@
-isadvantage 1H$la;orate topic sentence! 7ow@
6ive examples!
-isadvantage #H$la;orate topic sentence! What
inBuries@ What are the conse:uences@
-isadvantage /H$la;orate topic sentence! Where
else could the money ;e channeled to@
Conclusion9 6ive your viewHdo the advantages
outweigh the disadvantages@ )r do not ;e
committed to either side!
aragraph 49 Sports participation helps
students to release stress and
tension
aragraph 09 Sports participation leads
students to neglect their
homewor1" studies and even
family
aragraph I9 $xposure to sports means
students are prone to
inBuries
aragraph K9 Involves high expenses
aragraph M9 &oderation is the 1ey to
success in anything
Step / Writing Write the draft .write the introduction"
conclusion and ela;orate each topic sentence2!
Step 4 $diting Chec1 for grammar and spelling mista1es!
Improve on voca;ulary and sentence
structures!
Step 0 4ewriting Write the final draft!
<Sports> are activities carried out for pleasure or exercise! laying games li1e tennis and foot;all or T1ing
part in athletics are sports activities!
)ne of the main reasons for encouraging students to ta1e part in sports is that it is good for health!
In sports" especially outdoor activities" fresh air is ta1en into the lungs" resulting in greater oxygen flow
into the heart! With improved ;lood circulation" other organs of the ;ody function well! &uscles get
toned" excess fat is ;urnt and impurities are excreted through the sweat glands! All this" together with a
good diet" ma1es a healthy ;ody!
The second advantage is that sports participation instils discipline and develops leadership :ualities
among students! (or example" students must attend the various practices and training programmes
punctually! When they are late" they are reprimanded and soon they reali?e that o;eying orders is
important! In addition" some students involved in sports activities may get elected as captains" secretaries
and other positions! Students holding these positions usually develop leadership :ualities!
Thirdly" sports participation helps students to release stress and tension! The increasing amount of
homewor1 and the fear of failure at examinations do not allow students to relax! Ta1ing part in sports
allows them to unwind! After a game or wor1out at the gymnasium" the students feel much ;etter and B
are ready to study after a good ;ath! This way of releasing stress is healthy unli1e some methods many
students resort to" e!g! smo1ing" loitering in shopping complexes or ta1ing drugs!
$xercise 1
Write three topic sentences for each of the following! Then add three sentences to each topic sentence to
complete the paragraph!
1! What are the advantages of ;eing an only child
#! What are the disadvantages of living in a village@
/ What are the advantages of using the Internet@
$xercise #
What are the advantages and disadvantages of co3education@ 7ere are some points to help you9
)n the other hand" there are disadvantages of participating in sports! It often leads students to
neglect their homewor1" studies and even family! When students are over3enthusiastic" driven ;y great
interest or the desire to win at competitions" they tend to spend more and more time away from home!
$ventually" this eats into the students> study time and time spent with the family! This" in turn" may lead
to poor academic performance and a ;rea1down in family communication! This is certainly not to ;e
encouraged!
(urthermore" exposure to sports means students are prone to inBuries li1e torn tendons" sore
muscles" sprains and even fractures! InBured students have to stay away from school for some time"
causing them to miss lessons and" conse:uently" fall ;ehind in their studies!
(inally" sports participation involves a lot of expenses! Students need to spend money on
e:uipment li1e tennis rac1ets and trac1 shoes! They may also want to wear sports outfits which their
friends have! In addition" transport to and fro for practice and poc1et3money for refreshments means
more money has to ;e spent! This money can ;e put to ;etter use ;y ;uying more ;oo1s or food!
In conclusion" we can say that moderation is the 1ey to success in anything! Therefore" if participation in
sports is 1ept in moderation" it should not pose a danger or threat to the student! 7owever" if the student
is over3enthusiastic" then the disadvantages could turn Iut to ;e very real!
Advantages
Topic sentence9 A co3educational school
ena;les ;oys and girls to
exchange ideas!
'ote9 *oys and girls thin1
differently O healthy
exchanges of ideas
Topic sentence9 The spirit of competition is
stronger among ;oys and girls
when they study together!
'ote9 *oys and girls love to
compete O ;oy want to prove
O ;etter than girls O wor1
harder O vice versa O academic
performance improves!
Topic sentence 9 Student in co3educational
school are ;etter a;le to adapt
to society!
'otes 9 Aearn to mix with opposite
sex O ;etter social eti:uette O
no culture shoc1 O
college8university8wor1ing
life!
-isadvantages
Topic sentence 9 Sociali?ing among ;oy and
girls is common!
'otes 9 -ating O early age O neglect
studies O spend time O
parties" picnics" discothe:ues"
etc! O academic performance
drops
Topic sentence 9 In the presence of girls" ;oys
usually want to show off!
'otes9 (ear O loo1ed down ;y girls O
would rather not as1 teacher
to explain again even if do not
understand lesson!
Topic sentence 9 The confidence of some girls
can ;e affected ;y the
presence of ;oy
'ote 9 Teasing ;y ;oys O girls
sensitive O shy O ;ecome
very :uiet O do not as1
teacher :uestion O ta1e a
;ac1seat in discussion!
$xercise /
What are the advantages and disadvantages of ;eing a mem;er of a large family@
7ere are some points to help you9
$xercise 4
6ive your views and write the following :uestions!
1! What are the pros and cons of going for tuition@
#! 6ive the pros and cons of studying in ;oarding schools
/! The authorities in Fuala Aumpur encourage the use of pu;lic transportation to reduce traffic
congestion in the city! What are the advantages and disadvantages of going to wor1 ;y the Aight
4ail Transit .A4T2@
2iew
6ive points to support a stand ta1en! ints can ;e given in favour of proposition or against a proposition!
$xample
Where would you choose to live in O the country or the town@ Why@
.riting the composition( Step to follow
Step 1 rewriting *rainstorming techni:ue9 Aisting
Step # lanning a! 6ive a topic sentence for each paragraph
.i!e! for each advantage8disadvantage2!
;! $xpansion of notes
!
refer to live in the country
A;le to go for wal1s
A lot of greenery
Can grow own vegeta;les
Clean" fresh air
eople are more friendly
'o traffic Bams
Advantages
Si;lings cars get help and support from one
another!
The household chores can ;e divided
among the children so that no one is
over;urdened!
The older children learn responsi;ility from
an early age!
-isadvantages
arents are not a;le to give individual
attention to every child!
If the ;readwinner is not a high income
earner" there is the pro;lem of funds to
support the family!
There is no privacy if the house is small!
aragraph 1 9 Aove the countryHfeel happy" contented and
relaxed
aragraph # 9 (resh" clean air" clear streams teeming with
fish3less pollutionHenBoy catching fish for
;ar;ecue3swimming in rivers
aragraph / 9 7ouse with spacious compoundHcan grown
(ruit " vegeta;le O free from pesticides" chemicals
aragraph 4 9 refer attitude of peopleHwarm" friendly"
co3operativeHtown fol1Hdistant" impersonal"
unco3operative
aragraph 0 9 refer :uiet" peaceful lifeHno distractionH
different from hectic life in town
aragraph I 9 -o not li1e entertainment availa;le in town
aragraph K 9 (or me" there is no place li1e the country
Step / Writing Write a draftHexpand8ela;orate the notes in
the storyline!
Step 4 $diting Chec1 for grammar and spelling mista1es!
Improve on voca;ulary and sentence
structures!
Step 0 4ewriting Write the final draft!
Introduction9 $xpress your
viewpoint!
aragraph #" /" 4" 0 and I9
4easons for choosing to live in
the country!
Conclusion9 4eaffirm your view
&odel Composition I
I have always loved the country and will continue to do so! When 1 am in the country" I feel happy"
contented and relaxed!
In the country" the air is fresh and clean and the clear streams are teeming with fish! There is less=
pollution as there are no factories to emit smo1e or discharge waste into rivers! I enBoy going for a dif in the
cool waters of the rivers and catching fish to ;ar;ecue over a charcoal fire! All these activities are not possi;le
in a town area!
Another reason why I li1e the country is that each house usually has a spacious compound! In my free
time" I can tend the garden! Apart from growing a variety of ;eautiful flowers li1e ;ougainvilleas and ferns to
;eautify the surroundings" I can plant vegeta;les and fruit trees! 7ome3grown fruit am vegeta;les are free from
unhealthy pesticides and harmful chemicals! Aiving in town" on the other hand" is different! With land ;eing so
expensive and scarce" most people can only afford to live in lin1 houses or flats! So" there is space for perhaps
only a few pots of flowers and ferns ;ut definitely no I for vegeta;les and fruit trees=
(urthermore" I prefer the attitude of the people living in the country! There is genuine care and
concern for one another and a willingness to help whenever one needs help! It is not uncommon to
witness the whole neigh;ourhood helping out in a )enduri or on less happy occasions li1e funerals!
The people co3operate" not out of duty ;ut out of sincere friendship! &ore meaningful relationships are
formed and it is a Boy to ;e a part of this! 7owever" in the town" it is even possi;le that neigh;ours do not
1now one another! $very one does his >own thing>! )ften" even next door neigh;ours do not ;other
to get to 1now one another and are only ac:uaintances!
I prefer the :uiet and peaceful life of the country! I am a;le to do a lot of things that I enBoy! The
slow pace of life suits me! I can do a lot of reading or write ;oo1s without any distractions! In the town
the environment is noisy and the pace of life is hectic! I find it stressful to cope with the never ending
traffic Bams" the rush to and fro" and the pressures of wor1 in the office! There is hardly any time for
leisurely lunches or long chats with friends!
Aast of all" I do not li1e the types of entertainment availa;le in the town! u;s" discothe:ues" video=>!
arcades" snoo1er Boints and coffee houses are places where the rich and idle fre:uent! )ften the crowd
gets rowdy and fights are common! Since I do not li1e to go to such places" I often stay home watch television!
(or me there is no place li1e the country! I only hope that it will not ;e spoilt ;y progress and
development!
$xercise 0
(or each topic" state your view and at least three points in support of your viewpoint!
1! -o you consider television harmful or ;eneficial@
#! Which is ;etter9 life in ;usy city or life in a :uiet village@
/! Should women go to wor1 or stay at home to ta1e care of their family@
$xercise I
Where would you choose to study in O a ;oarding school or day school@
7ere are some points to help you!
$xercise K
ets to ma1e life more pleasant! 7ow far do you agree with this opinion@
7ere are some points to help you!
!y choice 3 a 'oarding school
Topic sentence9 Students learn to ;e independent!
'otes9 &a1e own ;edsHwash and iron clothesHloo1 after personal ;elongingsHstudy
on own without parents to push them
Topic sentence9 Students learn to use their time wisely!
'otes9 lanned daily scheduleHfixed times for meals" studies" games"
relaxationHclosely supervised
Topic sentence9 There is easy access to facilities after school hours!
'otes9 Ai;rary" games facilities" computer roomsHall within wal1ing distance
Topic sentence9 There are no hassles commuting ;etween the home and school!
'otes9 'o transport pro;lemHno wasting of time going to and fro
Topic sentence9 $veryone learns to give and ta1e!
'otes9 'o place for selfishness
Topic sentence9 $very student eventually learns to ;e less fussy a;out food!
'otes9 'o home3coo1ed foodsHhave to get used to hostel food
ositive oints
When we shower our love upon pets" we get
immense happiness and contentment!
Ta1ing care of pets gives us a sense of
importance!
Aova;le pets" li1e dogs" give us a lot of
pleasure when they greet us with lic1s and
wagging tails!
ets" especially dogs" are faithful and helpful
companions to people!
'egative oints
We cannot leave our homes for
holidays without ma1ing arrangements
for someone to feed our pets!
There is a lot of wor1 involved in the
1eeping of pets!
When our pets are ill" we need to ta1e
them to the veterinarian!
There is mental agony when a pet dies!
$xercise M
Write a composition on the following topics!
1! >&oney is the root of all evil>! 7ow far do you agree with this prover;@
#! -o international sport events help to promote friendships@ What is your opinion@
/! *oys and girls should ;e given e:ual opportunities in education! 6ive your views
4! 'ational service H is it a good idea@
0! Students need private tuition! What is your opinion
%E/#E-1"2E .%"1"NG
$xample9 Touring
Step 1 rewriting *rainstorming techni:ue9 Aisting
Fnowledgea;le
See different placesHdifferent ways people live
(or pleasureHdifferent types of toursHgo ;y
air" road" sea
)ther ;enefits of travelling
7a?ards of travelling
Step # lanning a! aragraphing headings!
;! 'otes
aragraph 1 9 TouringHpopular among young and old all over the world!
aragraph # 9 Widens one>s general 1nowledgeHfirst3hand information
o;tained ;y seeing things for oneself
aragraph / 9 $xposure to different people" cultures" ideas" lifestyles
results in greater understanding of human nature
a more tolerant attitude
compassion for others
aragraph 4 9 (or relaxation" pleasure" freedom from stress and tension
change of environmentHa great way to relax
no routines" no deadlines to meet
aragraphs 0 9 7a?ards of travelling while on tour
road" sea" air accidents
drivers" air traffic controllers at airports" pilots need to ;e
more careful
aragraphs I 9 Anxiety" stress and strain
when drivingHpossi;le traffic Bams" careless drivers"
pro;a;ility of car ;rea1down
when going ;y trainHtic1eting pro;lems
when going ;y planeHairport procedures" delays" lost luggage
aragraph K 9 Touring is ;eneficial
enriching experience
feel fresh" healthy
have different outloo1 on life
Smart TIS S&
eople go on tours all the time" use the
present tense!
Introduction!
aragraph #" /" and 49
*enefits of touring!
aragraph 09 7a?ards
of travelling
aragraph I9 ro;lem
encouraged!
Conclusion9 )pinion!
Step / Writing Write the draft!
Step 4 $diting Chec1 for grammar and spelling mista1es! Improve on
voca;ulary and sentence structures!
Step 0 4ewriting Write the final draft!
$xercise 1
Use the listing techni:ue and ;rainstorm for the following topics!
1! (ashion in my country!
#! (ire!
$xercise #
6ive three paragraph heading for the following topics!
1! 6ood health!
#! Consumerism!
&odel Composition K
Touring is popular among ;oth young and old all over the world! Today" with faster" efficient and more
comforta;le transport" people from all wal1s of life go on tours" locally or a;road!
6oing on tours can ;e a very rewarding experience! In fact" with the right attitude" one discovers t
travelling greatly widens one>s general 1nowledge! )ne of the ;est ways to get to 1now one>s country is
to travel either on conducted tours or on your own with friends or family! There is nothing e getting to
1now your country on the soles of your feet! And with overseas travel" one gets to 1now ire a;out the
world outside!
When one travels" one is exposed to people from different places and countries" different cultures"
and lifestyles! )ne ;ecomes more understanding and tolerant! &any close lin1s are formed! -espite
geographical" language and other ;arriers" friendships develop! Sometimes it may even lead to marriage=
Travelling opens one>s eyes to greater understanding and compassion for others!
)ften" going on a tour ;rings great excitement and pleasure! It is a chance to get away! In this
high technology era" lifestyles ;ecome increasingly stressful! 6oing away for a holiday helps one to relax
physically and mentally! A different environment" a change of scene" meeting new people" the relaxed
atmosphere without routines and deadlines to meetHall these help to ma1e life more pleasant!
In recent years" owing to increasing trafficHon land" sea and airHthere have ;een some tragic
accidents! We read of such accidents in the newspapers! erhaps a solution is to ;e more cautious and
efficient! Air traffic controllers at airports" pilots and drivers should show more concern and care for
accuracy and safety measures! 7owever" sometimes" an inevita;le mishap occurs!
It has ;een said that going on tours can cause more stress and strain instead of relieving tension!
When travelling ;y road" there is always the anxiety of the Bourney" possi;le traffic Bams" careless divers
and the pro;a;ility of a car ;rea1down! *ut" if one chooses to travel ;y train" getting tic1ets may ;e
difficult during pea1 seasons! As for air travel" airport procedures can ;e nerve3rac1ing! The passport
chec1s" clearance of luggage and other little things add to the strain of the trip! A tour may turn into a
very stressful and unpleasant one if there are delays" lost luggage and other pro;lems!
A 7a?ards and inconveniences are part and parcel of touring! )ne must ;e flexi;le and ready to
adBust and ma1e changes! 6enerally" touring can ;e an enriching experience! &ost people come ;ac1
from tours loo1ing fresh" healthy and with a different outloo1 on life! Touring is certainly ;eneficial!
$xercise /
Add three to five sentences to these topic sentences!
1! The danger of during addiction must ;e made 1now especially to school students"C!
#! Waste materials can ;e recycledC
$xercise 4
$xercising! 7ere are some points to help you!
Introduction9 What is exercising@
Why do we exercise@ (or pleasure" health" etc!
*enefits of $xercising ossi;le 'egative $ffect of $xercising
1! 7ealthier ;odies
6ood ;lood circulation
&entally and physical alert
#! (orm of discipline
unctuality
Strive harder to do ;etter
/! *etter physical appearance
Toned muscles
*urn excess fat
*etter3shaped ;ody
4! InBury" especially muscle tears" sprains
and fracture
0! (atigue in exercising
Could lead heart attac1 if not on
programmed exercise after a certain
age!
Conclusion9 Is exercising ;eneficial@
$xercise 0
Write a composition on the following topics!
1! 7omewor1
#! Strange customs
/! &usic
4! 6ames
/A-10A# .%"1"NG
$xample
The uses of money and its effects on people!
Writing the composition9 Step to follow
Step 1 rewriting *rainstorming techni:ue9 Aisting
Use
*uy food" clothes
(or education
(or holidays
$ffects9
&iser" stingy
Spend too much O ;ecome ;an1rupt
(or holidays
Step # lanning a! aragraphing headings!
;! 'otes!
aragraph 1 9 RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
aragraph # 9 Uses of money
*asic necessities O food" shelter" clothing
<$xtrasD8Auxuries O ;etter home" ;etter car" ;randed clothes"
fine dining" holidays!
aragraph / 9 &oney O most important thing in life
Slog O gain money
Feep money O do not spend it!
aragraph 4 9 Such people O few real friends
Calculative O stingy O self3centred O selfish
aragraph 0 9 Suffer more stress
Any unforeseen expenditure O upset O seldom happy" contented
aragraph I9 &oney O not top priority in oneDs life
7ealthy" happiness" :uality time with family" friends more important!
$xtra money O ;uy <extraD things O otherwise" leading a simple life more important!
aragraph K 9 &oney O a needed commodity ;ut it is not everything in life
Step / Writing Write the final draft!
Step 4 $diting Chec1 for grammar and spelling mista1es!
Improve on voca;ulary and sentence
structures!
Step 0 4ewriting Write the final draft!

!odel -omposition 4
&oney means many things to many people! (or me" money is a necessary commodity ;ut it is not of
utmost importance!
What I mean ;y this is" we need money for almost everythingHfood" shelter and clothing! We
need money for not only our ;asic necessities ;ut also for the >extras> in life! *y >extras> I am referring
to the items that ;order on comfort and luxury! Such items may include a ;etter home" a ;etter car"
;randed clothes" fine dining and holidays away from home!
&any people consider money as the most important thing in life! They will slog and do
anything to gain money! 'othing else matters to them! These people only want to 1eep a lot of money
;ut do not li1e to spend it! If one ta1es this approach" a num;er of conse:uences can ;e foreseen!
(irstly" such people will have few real friends! These people are usually very calculative and
stingy! They are also self3centred and tend to ;e selfish!
Secondly" these people will pro;a;ly lead very ;oring livesHno holidays" no outings or any
activity that re:uires money to ;e spent out of oneDs poc1et!
'ext" such people usually suffer far more stress than others in life! $ach time an unforeseen
expenditure arises" they will ;ecome unduly upset! Such people are seldom happy or lead peaceful or
contented lives!
I certainly would not li1e to fall into this category of people! As I said earlier" money is needed
;ut it
should not ta1e top priority in one>s life! (or me" health" happiness and :uality time with family and
friends are more important! If there is extra money" I will ;e happy to have some >extras> ;ut otherwise"
leading a simple life with my immediate needs ta1en care of" is good enough! 'o amount of money can
T!;uy health or happiness!
&oneyHa necessary commodity ;ut it is not everything in life=
$xercise 1
Use the listing techni:ue to ;rainstorm for the following topics!
1! Ways to improve your $nglish spea1ing s1ills!
#! The importance of education!
$xercise #
6ive three paragraph headings for the following topics!
1! Causes of unemployment!
#! Ways people spend their leisure time
$xercise /
Add three to five sentences to the topic sentences!
1! Students do not read widely!
#! )ne way to promote tourism is to advertise in the mass media!
$xercise 4
+ocal hand,crafts.
7ere are some points to help you9
There is a large variety of local handicrafts in &alaysia!
Two of the most well31nown handicrafts are ;ati1 printing and song1et weaving!
)ther popular souvenir items from Felantan are silverware and the wau or 1ites!
In Sarawa1" the handicrafts which attract tourists are clay pottery and ;as1etry!
ewterware!
rices of handicrafts vary from place to place and shop to shop!
&alaysian handicrafts are ;ecoming increasingly popular and well 1nown due to the promotional efforts of
the Tourist -evelopment Corporation!
$xercise 0
'he value of learning (nglish.
7ere are some points to help you9
International language
Internet9 access to a lot of 1nowledge
&ore opportunities to study overseas H United States" *ritain" Canada" Australia" India" etc!
*e a;le to communicate when touring $nglish spea1ing countries
A lot of reference material H ;oo1s" maga?ines H in $nglish
&ore and more countries emphasi?ing the study of $nglish H will ;e left ;ehind if do not 1now $nglish
$xercise I
Write a composition on the following topics.
1! The promotion of tourism in &alaysia!
#! Causes of unemployment!
/! -escri;e some of the ways you can spend your school holidays ;eneficially!
C)&)SITI)' T)ICS
'arrative .$vent 8 Incident2
1! Which do you consider to ;e the most exciting day in your life@ Write a;out it!
#! )ne day you found an inBured 1itten ;y the roadside! Write a;out this incident!
/! -escri;e an occasion when a friend made you very angry!
4! Write a;out a Boyous occasion!
0! A family outing turns out to ;e a disaster! Write a real or imaginary account of such an incident!
I! -escri;e any amusing incident which you witnessed or in which you played a part!
'arrative .short story2
1! Write a story ;ased on >A miser and his money>!
#! >It all started the day my mother called me into her room!> Continue the story!
/! Write a story a;out an unexpected windfall!
4! Write a story a;out a pet that changed the life of an old" lonely man!
0! Write a story ;ased on a >secret>!
I! >The lights went out suddenly !!!>Continue the story!
-escriptive .lace2
1! -escri;e the area you live in for a penfriend from overseas!
#! The places trial you li1e to go to during your leisure time!
/! Write a;out a place which ;rings ;ac1 happy memories for you!
4! -escri;e your school" highlighting the favourite places of the students!
0! What would ;e of particular interest in your country to a tourist from a;road@
I! -escri;e the sights" sounds and activities at the school canteen during recess!
-escriptive .erson2
1! A helpful neigh;our!
#! An am;itious ;oy or girl!
/! Compare two family mem;ers or two friends!
4! -escri;e a very old person whom you are fond of!
0! Write a;out a person who has helped you in your life!
I! Write a;out a teacher whom you respect and will never forget!
Argumentative .ros and Cons2
1! -iscuss the arguments for and against educating children in ;oarding schools!
#! What are the advantages and disadvantages of having a wor1ing mother@
/! (or home use" which is ;etterHa des1top computer or a note;oo1@ 6ive the pros and cons of
;oth the des1top computer and the note;oo1!
4! 6ive the advantages and disadvantages of living in an apartment!
0! What are the pros and cons of wor1ing and studying part3time for a university degree@
I! What are the advantages and disadvantages of going on conducted tours when you travel@
Argumentative .Eiews2
1! Women are ;etter drivers! Argue either for or against this statement!
#! reparations for a holiday are sometimes more enBoya;le than the holiday itself!
What are your experiences and opinions@
/! >ets help to ma1e life more pleasant>! 7ow far do you agree with this opinion@
4! -iscuss steps that could ;e ta1en to help the senior citi?ens in the country!
0! Should ;oys and girls ;e given e:ual opportunities in education@ 6ive your views!
I! It is said that travel widens our 1nowledge! What is your opinion@
4eflective
1! (ear!
#! Feeping fit!
/! Senior citi?ens!
4! 4eading!
0! u;lic transport!
I! (ashions!
(actual
1! The ;enefits and pleasure I hope to get from my study of $nglish!
#! u;lic transport in my country!
/! 4elate how a festival is cele;rated in &alaysia!
4! Write a;out the ru;;er industry in &alaysia!
0! The uses of palm oil!
I! The care of old fol1s and disa;led children!

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