TIT 21

Ton lp 10 online
2 Tnh cht
1 Khi nim hm s bc nht
NI DUNG BI HC

a. Bi ton
b. nh ngha
a. V d
b. Tng qut
a.Bi ton: Mt t ch khch i t bn xe pha nam H Ni vo
Hu vi vn tc trung bnh 50km/h. Hi sau t gi xe t cch trung
tm H Ni bao nhiu kilmt? Bit rng bn xe pha nam cch
trung tm H Ni 8 km.
BN XE
8 km
Trung tm
H NI
HU
50 t 8
50t + 8 (km)
1. Khi nim v hm s bc nht
Sau t gi, t cch trung tm H Ni l: s = .
Hy in vo ch trng () cho ng
Sau 1gi, t i c :
Sau t gi, t i c : .
?1
50 (km)
50t (km)
?
?
Tit 21: Hm s bc nht
Tit 21: Hm s bc nht
1. Khi nim v hm s bc nht
?2 Tnh cc gi tr tng ng ca s khi cho t ln lt ly cc gi tr 1 gi; 2
gi; 3 gi; 4 gi;

t (h) 1 (h) 2 (h) 3 (h) 4 (h) t. (h)
s = 50.t + 8
(km)
Hy gii thch v sao s l hm s ca t?
V: + s ph thuc vo t.
+ ng vi mi gi tr ca t ch c mt gi tr tng ng ca s. Do
s l hm s ca t.
58
(km)
108
(km)
158
(km)
208
(km)
50.t + 8
(km)
s = 50.t + 8 y x a (a 0) b
s = 50.t + 8
Tit 21: Hm s bc nht
1. Khi nim v hm s bc nht
a.Bi ton
b. NH NGHA
Hm s bc nht l hm s c cho bi cng
thc:
y = ax + b
trong a, b l cc s cho trc v a 0
y = ax + b (a 0)
Ch : Khi b = 0, hm s c dng
y = ax ( hc lp 7)
a 0
y = ax + b


BI TP : Trong cc hm s sau hm s no l hm s
bc nht? . Hy xc nh cc h s a, b ca chng.

Hm s H/s bc nht H s a H s b
y = x+2
y = 2x
2
- 1
y = 4 - 5x
y = 0x + 4
y = 0,5x
y = (m - 1)x +3






(nu m 1)
1
2
-5 4
0,5
0
m - 1
Tit 21: Hm s bc nht
3
1. Khi nim v hm s bc nht
NH NGHA y = ax + b (a 0)
Hc sinh hot ng nhm thc hin yu cu sau:
a)Cho hm s: y = f(x) = - 3x + 1
+ Tm iu kin xc nh ca f(x)
+ Cho x hai gi tr bt k sao cho . Hy
chng minh ri rt ra kt lun hm
s nghch bin trn tp xc nh.
1 2
x x <
1 2
( ) ( ) f x f x >
b) Cho hm s: y = g(x) = 3x + 1
+ Tm iu kin xc nh ca g(x)
+ Cho x hai gi tr bt k sao cho .Hy
chng minh ri rt ra kt lun hm
s ng bin trn tp xc nh.
1 2
x x <
1 2
( ) ( ) < g x g x
Xt hm s y = f(x) = -3x +1

Hm s y = f(x) = -3x + 1
Xc nh vi mi x thuc R

ly x
1
,

x
2
thuc R sao cho x
1
<

x
2

hay x
1
-

x
2
<0
Xt f(x
1
) -f

(x
2
) = (-3x
1
+ 1) (-3x
2
+ 1)
= -3x
1
+ 3x
2
= - 3(x
1 -
x
2
) > 0
hay f

(x
1
) > f(x
2
)
Tit 21: Hm s bc nht
.Vy hm s y = -3x + 1 nghch bin trn R
Ton lp 10 online
Tit 21: Hm s bc nht
Xt hm s bc nht y = g(x) = 3x + 1

Hm s y = g(x) = 3x + 1
Xc nh vi mi x thuc R
ly x
1
,

x
2
thuc R sao cho x
1
<

x
2
hay x
1
-

x
2,
<

0
Xt g(x
1
) - g

(x
2
) = (3x
1
+ 1) (3x
2
+ 1)
= 3x
1
- 3x
2

= 3(x
1
-

x
2
) <0
hay g(x
1
) < g

(x
2
)
Vy hm s y = 3x + 1 ng bin trn R.
Tit 21: Hm s bc nht
NH NGHA
2. Tnh cht:
y = ax + b (a 0)
TNG QUT
Hm s bc nht xc nh vi mi gi tr
ca x thuc R v c tnh cht sau :
a, ng bin trn R khi a >0
b, Nghch bin trn R khi a < 0
TX
ng bin trn R khi a >0
Nghch bin trn R khi a < 0
e x R
1. Khi nim v hm s bc nht
TNG QUT
Hm s bc nht xc nh vi mi gi tr
ca x thuc R v c tnh cht sau :
a, ng bin trn R khi a >0
b, Nghch bin trn R khi a < 0
Hm s
Hm s
bc nht
H s
a
H s
b
Hm s ng bin,
nghch bin
y =x+2 1 2
y = 2x
2
- 1
y = 4 - 5x -5 4
y = 0x + 4
y = 0,5x 0,5 0
y = (m-1)x +3
(nu m 1)
m - 1 3

ng bin
Nghch bin
ng bin
Tit 21: Hm s bc nht
ng bin khi m>1
Nghch bin khi
m<1
y = ax + b (a 0)
2. Tnh cht:
TX
ng bin trn R khi a >0
Nghch bin trn R khi a < 0
e x R
1. Khi nim v hm s bc nht
Bi tp1: in vo ch trng ( ) trong bi tp
sau:
Cho hm s y = (m-2)x + 3 (m l tham s)
a.Hm s trn l hm s bc nht nu m-2
m
a. Hm s ng bin nu m 2 m
b. Hm s nghch bin nu m ...
3. Luyn tp
> 2
< 2
m 2 < 0
> 0
= 0 = 2
Lm th no nhn bit mt hm
s l hm s bc nht ?
Lm th no kim tra tnh ng bin,
nghch bin ca mt hm s bc nht y =
ax + b ?


Hm s bc nht l hm s c dng
y = ax + b (a, b l cc s cho trc v a 0)
Hm s bc nht y = ax + b
- ng bin khi a > 0
- Nghch bin khi a < 0
Cng c
BI TP 2
in x vo trng tng ng vi khng
nh ng hoc sai

S Khng nh
y = 3 x l hm s nghch bin trn R
y = 53x l hm s bc nht a = 5, b = -3
x
x
x
x
y = (m+2)x 7 l hm s bc nht vi
2 = m
y = (m+2)x 7 ng bin nu m < -2
Ton lp 10 online
Hm s y = mx + 5 ( m l
tham s) l hm s bc nht
khi:
) 0
) 0
) 0
) 0
a m
b m
c m
d m
>
s
=
=
Ht
gi
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
Hm s y = f(x) = (m 2)x +
1
(m l tham s) khng l
hm s bc nht khi:
) 2
) 2
) 2
) 2
a m
b m
c m
d m
>
<
=
=
Ht
gi
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
Hm s bc nht:
y = (m 4)x m + 1 (m l tham
s )
nghch bin trn R khi:
) 4
) 4
) 1
) 4
a m
b m
c m
d m
>
<
=
=
Ht
gi
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
Hm s bc nht:
y = (6 m)x 2m (m l tham
s)
ng bin trn R khi:
) 6
) 0
) 6
) 6
a m
b m
c m
d m
=
=
>
<
Ht
gi
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
Cho y = f(x) = -7x + 5 v hai s
a, b m a < b kt qu so snh
f(a) v f(b) l?
) ( ) ( )
) ( ) ( )
) ( ) ( )
) ( ) ( )
a f a f b
b f a f b
c f a f b
d f a f b
>
<
=
=
Ht
gi
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
Tit 21: Hm s bc nht
V NH
+Lp bn t duy ca bi
+ Nm c: Khi nim hm s bc nht,
tnh ng bin nghch bin ca hm s bc nht.
+ Lm bi tp 8,9,10,11 - 48( Sgk)
+ c trc bi th hm s
Ton lp 10 online