Unit 2 Chapter 11 Answers

Page 1 of 32
Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 11 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Chapter 11 Arithmetic and Geometric Progressions

Exercise 11 A

1 (a) d =7 4 =3
Hence d =3
(b) d =5.5 5 =0.5
Hence d =0.5
(c) d =6 8 =2
Hence d =2
(d)
1 1 3
2 8 8
d = =
Hence
3
8
d =
(e) d =8 (5) =3
Hence d =3
(f) d =20 10 =10
Hence d =10
(g) d =4x x =3x
Hence d =3x
(h)
7 1 3 1
12 3 12 4
d = = =
Hence
1
4
d =
(i) d = 0.75 (0.5) =0.25
Hence d =0.25
(j) d =8.25 8 =0.25
Hence d =0.25
2 (a) a =5, d =7 5 =2
T
n
=a +(n 1)d
T
n
=5 +(n 1) (2)
=5 +2n 2
=2n +3
n =10, T
10
=2(10) +3 =23
n =15, T
15
=2(15) +3 =33
Hence T
10
=23, T
15
=33
(b) a =8, d =16 12 =4
T
n
=a +(n 1)d
T
n
=8 +4(n 1)
=8 +4n 4
=4 +4n
T
n
=4 +4n
T
8
=4 +4(8) =36
T
12
=4 +4(12) =52
T
8
=36 and T
12
=52
(c) a =2, d =5 2 =3
T
n
=a +(n 1)d
=2 +(n 1) (3)
=3n 3 +2
=3n 1
T
n
=3n 1
Page 2 of 32


T
7
=3(7) 1 =20
T
9
=3(9) 1 =26
Hence T
7
=20, T
9
=26
(d) 20, 17, 14,
a =20, d =17 (20) =3
T
n
=a +(n 1) d
T
n
=20 +3 (n 1)
=3n 23
T
11
=3(11) 23 =10
T
13
=3(13) 23 =16
Hence T
11
=10, T
13
=16
(e) a =8, d =8.5 (8) =0.5
T
n
=a +(n 1)d
T
n
=8 +(0.5) (n 1)
=8 0.5n +0.5
T
n
= 7.5 0.5n
T
8
=7.5 0.5(8) =11.5
T
10
=7.5 0.5(10) =12.5
Hence T
8
=11.5
T
10
=12.5
(f)
( )
3 1
3
, 1
4
4 4
a d
= = =
( 1)
n
T a n d = +

3 1
( 1)
4 4
3 1 1
4 4 4
1 1
2 4
n
n
n
=
= +
=

6
9
1 1
(6) 2
2 4
1 1 11
(9)
2 4 4
T
T
= =
= =

6 9
11
Hence 2,
4
T T = =
(g)
1 2 1 1
,
3 3 3 3
a d = = =

( 1)
1 1 1
( 1)
3 3 3
n
n
T a n d
T n n
= +
= + =

10
15
1 10
10, (10)
3 3
1
15, (15) 5
3
n T
n T
= = =
= = =

10 15
10
, 5
3
T T = =
(h) a =13, d =9 13 =4
T
n
=a +(n 1)d
T
n
=13 4 (n 1)
Page 3 of 32


=13 4n +4 =17 4n
T
8
=17 4 (8) =15
T
13
=17 4 (13) =35
T
8
=15, T
13
=35
(i) a =400, d =394 400 =6
T
n
=a +(n1)d
T
n
=400 6 (n1)
=406 6n.
n =5, T
5
=406 6(5) =376
n =16, T
16
=406 6(16) =310
Hence T
5
=376, T
16
=310
(j) a =5, d =11 5 =6
T
n
=a +(n 1)d
=5 +6 (n 1)
=6n 6 +5 =6 n 1
T
12
=6(12) 1 =71
T
13
=6(13) 1 =77
Hence T
12
=71, T
13
=77
3 (a) a =2, d =3 2 =1
T
n
=a +(n 1)d
=2 +n 1 =n +1
T
n
=n +1
(b) a =4, d =8 4 =4
T
n
=a +(n 1)d
T
n
=4 +4(n 1)
=4 +4n 4
=4n
T
n
=4n
(c) a =14, d =21 14 =7
T
n
=a +(n 1)d
=14 +7 (n 1)
=14 +7n 7
=7n +7
T
n
=7n +7
(d) a =998, d =992 998 = 6
T
n
=a +(n 1)d
=998 6(n 1)
=1004 6n
T
n
=1004 6n
(e)
1 12 1 5 1
,
5 35 5 35 7
a d = = = =
T
n
=a +(n 1)d

1 1
( 1)
5 7
n = +

1 1 1
5 7 7
n = +

2 1
35 7
n = +

2 1
35 7
n
T n = +
(f) a =4x, d =10 x 4x =6x
T
n
=a +(n 1)d
Page 4 of 32


=4x +6x (n 1)
=4x +6xn 6x
=6xn 2x
T
n
=6xn 2x
(g) a =15, d =12 (15) =3
T
n
=a +(n 1)d
=15 +3(n 1)
=15 +3n 3
=18 +3n
T
n
=3n 18
(h) a =452, d =404 452 =48
T
n
=a +(n 1)d
T
n
=452 48(n 1)
=48n +500
Hence T
n
=500 48n
(i)
6 82 6 4
,
7 63 7 9
a d = = =
T
n
=a +(n 1)d

6 4
( 1)
7 9
n = +

6 4 4 4 26
7 9 9 9 63
n
n = + = +
Hence
4 26
9 63
n
T n = +
(j)
5 9 5 1
,
12 12 12 3
a d = = =
( 1)
n
T a n d = +

5 1
( 1)
12 3
5 1 1
12 3 3
1 1
3 12
n
n
n
= +
= +
= +

Hence
1 1
3 12
n
T n = +
4 (a) a =1, d =4, l =117.
Using l =a +(n 1)d
117 =1 +4 (n 1)
116 =4 (n 1)

116
1 29
4
n = =
n =30
(b) a =6, d =9 6 =3, l =183
l =a +(n 1)d
183 =6 +3(n 1)
3(n 1) =177

177
1 60
3
n = + =
n =60
Page 5 of 32


(c) a =4, d =6 (4) =2, l =202
l =a +(n 1)d
202 =4 2(n 1)
2(n 1) =202 +4 =198
n 1 =99 n =100
n =100
(d)
1 1 2 65
, 1 ,
3 3 3 3
a d l = = = =
l =a +(n 1) (d)

65 1 2
( 1)
3 3 3
64 2 64 3
( 1) 1 32
3 3 3 2
n
n n
= +
= => = =

n =33
(e) a =400, d =394 400 =6, l =106
l =a +(n 1)d
106 =400 6 (n 1)
6n 6 =400 106
6n =300
n =50
(f) a =4x, d =10x 4x =6x, l =148 x
l =a +(n 1)d
148x =4x +6x (n 1)
144x =6x (n 1)

144
1 24
6
x
n
x
= =
n =25
(g)
1 2 1 1 49
, ,
9 9 9 9 9
a d l = = = =
l =a +(n 1) d

49 1 1
( 1)
9 9 9
48 1
( 1) 1 48
9 9
n
n n
= +
= =

n =49
(h) a =64, d =72 64 =8, l =680
l =a +(n 1)d
680 =64 +8 (n 1)
616 =8 (n 1) n 1 =77, n =78
n =78
(i) a =98, d =105 98 =7, l =231
l =a +(n 1)d
231 =98 +7(n 1) 7(n 1) =133
n 1 =19
n =20
(j) a =15, d =30 15 =15, l =225
l =a +(n 1)d
225 =15 +15 (n 1)

225 15
1
15
n
=
Page 6 of 32


n =15
5 (a) We need to find the number of terms before we find the sum
a =5, d =11 5 =6, l =599
599 =5 +6(n 1)
n =100
Using
| |
2
n
n
S a l = +
| |
100
100
5 599
2
= + S
=30 200
Sum is 30 200
(b) a =7, d =10 7 =3, l =79
l =a +(n 1)d 79 =7 +3(n 1)
n =25
Using
| |
2
n
n
S a l = +

25
25
[7 79] 1075
2
S = + =
Sum is 1075
(c) a =540, d =536 540 = 4, l =324
324 =540 +(n 1) (4)
n =55
Using [ ]
2
= +
n
n
S a l

25
55
[540 324] 23 760
2
S = + =
Sum is 23 760
(d) a =8, d =8.25 8 =0.25, l =15-5
15.5 =8 +0.25 (n 1)
n =31
[ ]
2
= +
n
n
S a l

31
31
[8 15.5] 364.25
2
S = + =
Sum is 364.25
(e) a =60, d =53 60 =7, l = 3
l =a +(n 1)d
3 =60 +(7) (n 1)
n =10

10
10
[ ] [60 3]
2 2
= + =
n
n
S a l S
=285
Sum is 285
(f) a =4x, d =6x, n =25, l =148 x

25
25
[4 148 ] 1900
2
S x x x = + =
Sum is 1900 x
Page 7 of 32


(g)
1
9
= a , n =49,
49
9
= l

49
49 1 49 1225
2 9 9 9
S
(
= + =
(

Sum is
1225
9

(h) a =64, n =78, l =680

| |
78
78
64 680 29 016
2
S = + =
Sum is 29 016
(i) a =98, n =20, l =231

| |
20
20
98 231 3290
2
S = + =
Sum is 3290
(j) a =15, n =15, l =225

| |
15
15
15 225
2
= + S
=1800
Sum is 1800
6 101, 103, 249 are the odd numbers
a =101, d =2, l =249
l =a +(n 1 ) d 249 =101 +2(n 1)
n 1 =74
n =75

75
75
[101 249] 13125
2
S = + =
7 Even number are 82, 84, 86, 150
a =82, d =2, l =150
l =a +(n 1) d 150 =82 +2(n 1)
n 1 =34, n =35
S
35
=
35
2
[82 +150] =4060
8 T
5
=28
S
5
=1000
Now T
n
=a +(n 1) d
T
5
=a +4d
Since T
5
=28 a +4d =28 [1]
Now S
n
=
2
n
[2a +(n 1) d]
S
5
=
5
2
[2a +4d]
Since S
5
=1000
5
2
[2a +4d] =1000
a +2d =200
[1] [2] gives
2d = 172 [2]
d =86.
Page 8 of 32


Substituting d =86 into [2]
a +2 ( 86) =200
a =372
Hence a =372 and d = 86
9 T
10
=75
S
15
=1035
(a) Since T
n
=a +(n 1) d
n =10 T
10
=a +9d
a +9d =75 [1]
Also S
n
=
2
n
[2a +(n 1) d]
When n =15, S
15
=
15
2
[2a +14d]

15
2
[2a +14d] =1035
2a +14d =138
a +7d =69 [2]
[1] [2] gives
2d =6
d =3
Using d =3 in [1]
a +27 =75
a =48
Hence the first term is 48
(b) From above, d =3
Hence the common difference is 3
(c) T
15
=a +14d
=48 +14(3)
=90
The fifteenth term is 90
10 (a)
12
3
4
T =
S
40
=115
T
12
=a +11d
a +11d =
3
4
[1]
S
40
=
40
2
[2a +39d]
20 [2a +39d] =115
2a +39d =
23
4

39 23
2 8
a d + = [2]
[2] [1] gives

17 17
2 8
d =
d =
1
4

Page 9 of 32


When
1
4
d = ,
1 3
11
4 4
a
| |
+ =
|
\ .

3 11
2
4 4
a = + =
Hence the first term is 2
(b) T
10
=a +9d

1
2 9
4
| |
= +
|
\ .

=
1
4

The tenth term is
1
4

11 (a) T
20
=97 a +19d =97 [1]
S
60
=8970
60
2
[2a +59d] =8970
2a +59d =299

59 299
2 2
a d + = [2]
[2] [1] gives

21 105
2 2
d =

d =5
The common difference is 5
(b) a+19(5) =97 a =2
T
5
=a +4d =2 +4(5) =22
The fifth term is 22
12 T
8
=32
S
20
=890
T
n
=a +(n 1) d
T
8
=a +7d
a +7d =32 [1]
[2 ( 1) ]
2
n
n
S a n d = +
20
20
[2 19 ]
2
S a d = +
10 [2a +19d] =890
2a +19d =89
a +
19
2
d =
89
2
[2]
[2] [1] gives
5
2
d =
25
2

d =5
a +7(5) =32
a =3
Hence the first term is 3 and the common difference is 5
13 T
5
=2
Page 10 of 32


a +4d =2 [1]
17
17
170 (2 16 ) 170
2
S a d = + =
a +8d =10 [2]
[1] [2] gives
4d =8
d =2
When d =2, a +8 =2
a =6
14 (a) T
3
=4T
6
a +2d =4 (a +5d)
a +2d =4a +20d
3a =18d
a =6d

10
10
150 (2 9 ) 150
2
S a d = + =
2(6d) +9d =30
3d =30
d =10
a =6(10) =60
(b) 0 [2( 60) ( 1)( 10)] 0
2
n
n
S n < + <

2
n
(120 +10n +10) <0
65n 5n
2
<0
5n (13 n) <0 n >13
Hence n =14
15 log 2 +log x +log 4 +log x
2
+log 8 +log x
3
+
=log (2x) +log (4x
2
) +log (8x
3
) +
T
n
=log (2
n
x
n
)
T
n
=log (2x)
n
=n log (2x)
Hence the nth term is n log (2x)
T
n1
=(n 1) log (2x)
T
n
T
n1
=n log (2x) (n 1) log (2x)
=n log (2x) n log (2x) +log (2x)
=log (2x)
Since T
n
T
n1
constant series is an A.P.
a =log (2x), d =log (2x)

[2 ( 1) ]
2
n
n
S a n d = +

[2log(2 ) ( 1) log(2 )]
2
n
x n x = +

[( 1) log(2 )]
2
n
n x = +

( 1) log(2 )
2
n
n
S n x = +
16 S
n
=2n
2
+3n
(a) S
n1
=2(n 1)
2
+3(n 1)
Page 11 of 32


T
n
=S
n
S
n1
=2n
2
+3n [2(n 1)
2
+3(n 1)]
=2n
2
+3n [2(n
2
2n +1) +3n 3]
=2n
2
+3n [2n
2
n 1]
=4n +1
Hence the nth term is T
n
=4n +1
(b) T
n 1
=4(n 1) +1 =4n 3
T
n
T
n1
=(4n +1) (4n 3)
=4
Since T
n
T
n1
constant series is an AP
(c) d =4
T
1
=4(1) +1 =5
17 S
n
=3n
2
+6n
S
n1
=3(n 1)
2
+6(n 1)
=3[n
2
2n +1] +6n 6
=3n
2
6n +3 +6n 6
=3n
2
3
T
n
=S
n
S
n 1

=3n
2
+6n (3n
2
3)
=6n +3
Hence T
n
=6n +3
T
n-1
=6(n 1) +3=6n 3
Now T
n
T
n1
=6n +3 (6n 3)
=6
Since T
n
T
n1
is constant, the series is an AP
Common difference =6
T
1
=6(1) +3 =9
The first term is 9 and the common difference is 6
18
2
3 1
2 2
n
S n n = +
(a)
2
1
3 1
( 1) (n 1)
2 2
n
S n
= +

2
2
2
3 1 1
[ 2 1]
2 2 2
3 3 1 1
3
2 2 2 2
3 7
2
2 2
n n n
n n n
n n
= + +
= + +
= +

Now T
n
=S
n
S
n 1

2 2
3 1 3 7
2
2 2 2 2
n n n n
(
= + +
(

= 3n +2
The nth term is 3n +2
(b) Since T
n
=3n +2
T
n1
= 3(n 1) +2 =3n +5
Now T
n
T
n1
=3n +2 (3n +5) =3
Since T
n
T
n1
is constant series is an AP
(c) a =3(1) +2 =1
d =3
Page 12 of 32


19 (a)
2
7 1
2 2
n
S n n =
2
1
7 1
( 1) ( 1)
2 2
n
S n n
=

2
2
2
7 1 1
[ 2 1]
2 2 2
7 7 1 1
7
2 2 2 2
7 13
3
2 2
n n n
n n n
n n
= + +
= + +
= +

1 n n n
T S S

=

2 2
7 1 7 13
3
2 2 2 2
7 3
n n n n
n
(
= +
(

= +

The nth term is 7n +3
(b) since T
n
=7n +3
T
n1
=7 (n 1) +3
=7n +10
Since T
n
T
n1
=7n +3 (7n +10)
=13
Since T
n
T
n1
is constant the series is an AP
(c) u
1
=7(1) +3 =4
d =13
20 x
2
, 5x, 7x 4
Now 5x x
2
=7x 4 5x
5x x
2
=2x 4
x
2
3x 4 =0
(x 4) (x +1) =0
x =4 or x =1
As x is positive, x =4

Exercise 11B

1 (a)
4
2
2
r = =
(b)
1
4
1
2
1
2
r = =
(c)
9
3
3
r = =
(d)
1
9
1
3
1
3
r = =
(e)
5 1
15 3
r = =
Page 13 of 32


(f)
3 1
6 2
r = =

(g)
20
4
5
r = =
(h)
1
12
1
3
3 1
12 4
r = = =
(i)
1
10
1
100
10 r = =
(j)
1
6
r =
2 (a) a =15,
5 1
15 3
r = =

T
n
=ar
n 1

9
10
1 5
15
3 6561
T
| |
= =
|
\ .

14
15
1 5
15
3 1594323
T
| |
= =
|
\ .

(b)
1
12
1
3
1 1
,
3 4
a r = = =
T
n
=ar
n 1

7
8
1 1 1
3 4 49152
T
| |
= =
|
\ .

11
12
1 1 1
3 4 12582912
T
| |
= =
|
\ .

(c) a =2,
4
2
2
r = =
T
n
=ar
n 1

T
7
=2(2)
6
=128
T
9
=2(2
8
) =512
(d) a =3,
9
3
3
r = =
T
n
=ar
n 1

T
11
=3(3)
10
=177147
T
13
=3(3)
12
=1594323
(e)
1
16
1
8
1 1
,
8 2
a r = = =
T
n
=ar
n 1

7
8
1 1 1
8 2 1024
T
| |
= =
|
\ .

9
10
1 1 1
8 2 4096
T
| |
= =
|
\ .

Page 14 of 32


(f) a =6,
1
6
r =
T
n
=ar
n 1

5
6
1 1
6
6 1296
T
| |
= =
|
\ .

8
9
1 1
6
6 279936
T
| |
= =
|
\ .

(g) a =x, r =x.
T
n
=x(x
n 1
) =x
n

T
10
=x
10

T
15
=x
15

(h)
1
5
1 1
, 5
5
a r = = =
T
n
=ar
n 1

( )
7
8
1
5 15625
5
T
| |
= =
|
\ .

( )
12
13
1
5 48828125
5
T = =
(i) a =16,
4 1
16 4
r = =

1
1
16
4
n
n
T
| |
=
|
\ .

4
5
1 1
16
4 16
T
| |
= =
|
\ .

15
16
1 1
16
4 67108864
T
| |
= =
|
\ .

(j) a =2.25,
0.75 1
2.25 3
r = =

1
1
2.25
3
n
n
T
| |
=
|
\ .

11
12
1 1
2.25
3 78732
T
| |
= =
|
\ .

12
13
1 1
2.25
3 236196
T
| |
= =
|
\ .

3 (a) a =2,
4
2
2
r = =
T
n
=ar
n 1

T
n
=2(2)
n 1
=2
n

(b)
16
9
8
9
8
, 2
9
a r = = =
T
n
=ar
n 1

Page 15 of 32


( )
1 8
2
9
n
n
T

=
(c) a =1,
1
3
r =
T
n
=ar
n 1

1
1
3
n
n
T
| |
=
|
\ .

(d) a =10,
5 1
10 2
r = =

1
1
10
2
n
n
T
| |
=
|
\ .

(e)
1
2
1
8
1
, 4
8
a r = = =
( )
2 2
1
2 5
3
1 2
4 2
8 2
n
n
n
n
T

= = =
(f) a =6,
3 1
6 2
r = =

1
1
6
2
n
n
T
| |
=
|
\ .

(g) a =15,
5 1
15 3
r = =

1
15
3
n
n
T
1 | |
=
|
\ .

(h) a =12,
3 1
12 4
r = =

1
1
12
4
n
n
T
| |
=
|
\ .

(i)
2
5
1
5
1
, 2
5
a r = = =

( )
1 1
2
5
n
n
T

=
(j)
10
3
5
6
5
, 4
6
a r = = =
( )
1 5
4
6
n
n
T

=
4 (a) a =2,
2
3
1
2 3
r = = ,
2
6561
l =
l =ar
n 1

Page 16 of 32


1
1
8 1
2 1
2
6561 3
1 1
6561 3
1 1
3 3
n
n
n
| |
=
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

n 1 =8 n =9
No. of terms =9
(b)
5 1 5
10, ,
10 2 512
a r l = = = =
l =ar
n 1

1
1
10 1
5 1
10
512 2
1 1
1024 2
1 1
2 2
n
n
n
| |
=
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

n 1 =10
n =11
No. of terms =11
(c)
3
5
1 3
3, ,
3 5 78125
a r l = = = =
l =ar
n 1

1
1
7 1
3 1
3
78125 5
1 1
78125 5
1 1
5 5
n
n
n
| |
=
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

n 1 =7
n =8
No. of terms =8
5 For all of these we use
( )
1
1
n
n
a r
S
r

(a) a =1,
3
3
1
r = = , n =10

( )
10
10
1 3
29524
1 3
S

= =

(b) a =8,
4 1
8 2
r = = , n =15
Page 17 of 32


( )
( )
15
1
2
15
8 1
16.0
1
1
2
S
= =

(c) a =12,
24
2
12
r = =
, n =7

( )
( )
( )
7
7
12 1 2
516
1 2
S

= =

(d)
2
5
1
5
1
, 2, 12
5
a r n = = = =

( )
12
1
5
12
1 2
819
1 2
S

= =

(e) a =6,
1
6
r = , n =6

( )
( )
6
1
6
6
6 1
9331
1
1296
1
6
S
= =

(f) a =10,
5 1
10 2
r = = , n =8

( )
( )
8
1
2
8
10 1
1275
64
1
2
S
= =
1

(g) a =3,
3
5
1
3 5
r = = , n =9

( )
( )
9
1
5
9
3 1
3.75
1
1
5
S
= =
(2 dp)
(h)
10
3
5
6
5
, 4,
6
a r = = = n =10

( )
10
5
6
10
1 4
291270.83
1 4
S

= =
(2 dp)
6 a =5, r =0.25

2 3 4
1 1 1 1
5,5 ,5 ,5 ,5
4 4 4 4
| | | | | | | |
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .

First five terms are:

5 5 5 5
5, , , ,
4 16 64 256

7 a =2, r =6
T
7
=2(6)
6
=93312
T
10
=2(6)
9
=20155392
Page 18 of 32


8 a =4,
3.6 9
4 10
r = =
S
n
>35

4 9
1 35
9 10
1
10
n
| |
| |
>
|
|
|
| |
\ .
\ .
|
\ .

9
40 1 35
10
n
| |
| |
>
|
|
|
\ .
\ .

9 35
1
10 40
n
| |
>
|
\ .

9 1
10 8
n
| |
>
|
\ .

9 1
10 8
n
| |
<
|
\ .

9 1
log log
10 8
n
| | | |
<
| |
\ . \ .

The log of a number less than 1 is negative so dividing by log
9
10
| |
|
\ .
reverses the sign of the
inequality.

1
log
8
19.7
9
log
10
n
| |
|
\ .
> >
| |
|
\ .

20 n =
9 (a) 20 ar =

4
5
16
ar =

4
5
16
20
ar
ar
=

3
1
64
r =

1
4
r =
(b)
1
20
4
a
| |
=
|
\ .

80 a =
(c)
1
a
S
r

80
1
1
4
=

Page 19 of 32


80 320
3
3
4
= =
10 (a) 600 a =

4
6075
32
ar =

4
6075
600
32
r =

4
81
256
r =

3
4
r =

2
2
2
3
3
600 450
4
3 675
600
4 2
T ar
T ar
| |
= = =
|
\ .
| |
= = =
|
\ .

(b)
1
a
S
r

600
3
1
4
=

2400 =
Hence 2400 S
=
11 (a) 1000 S
=
0.2 r =

1
a
S
r

1000
1 0.2
a
=
800 a =

(b) T
15
=ar
14
=800 (0.2)
14
=0.000000131 (3 s.f.)
(c) 990
n
S >

(1 ) 800(1 0.2 )
1 1 0.2
n n
n
a r
S
r

= =

1000(1 0.2 )
n
=
1000(1 0.2 ) 990
n
>

99
1 0.2
100
n
>

1
0.2
100
n
>

1
0.2
100
n
<

1
log(0.2) log
100
n
| |
<
|
\ .

Page 20 of 32


1
log
100
2.86
log(0.2)
n
| |
|
\ .
> =
3 n =
12 (a)
3
96 ar =

6
768 ar =

6
3
768
96
ar
ar
=

3
8 r =
2 r =
(b)
3
( 2) 96 a =

96
12
8
a

= =

First term is 12
(c)
(1 )
1
n
a r
Sn
r

10
10
12(1 ( 2) )
1 ( 2)
S

=

10
4(1 ( 2) )
4092
=
=

Sum of the first 10 terms is 4092
13 y +6, y, y 3
(a)
3
6
y y
y y
=
+

2
2 2
( 3)( 6)
3 18
y y y
y y y
= +
= +

3 18
6
y
y
=
=

(b) Common ratio =
6 6 1
6 6 12 2
= =
+

14
2
4
3
x
r
x
=
+

A GP converges for 1 <r <1

2
4
1
3
x
x
<
+

4x <3 +x
2

x
2
4x +3 >0
(x 1) (x 3) >0
x <1, x >3
Page 21 of 32


2
4
1
3
x
x
>
+

4x >3 x
2

x
2
+4x +3 >0
(x +1)(x +3) >0

x <3, x >1
The series converges for
{x: x <3} {x:1 <x <1} {x: x >3}

15 For the series to converge
1 <r <1

2
5
1 1
4
x
x
< <
+

Now
2
5
1
4
x
x
<
+

5x <4 +x
2

x
2
5x +4 >0
(x 1) (x 4) >0
x <1, x >4

2
5
1
4
x
x
>
+

5x >4 x
2

x
2
+5x +4 >0
(x +1) (x +4) >0
x <4, x >1
Page 22 of 32


{x: x <4} {x: 1 <x <1} {x: x >4}

16
3 5
1 1 1
2 2 2
+ + +
(a)
2 1
1
2
n n
T
=

1 2( 1) 1 2 3
1 1
2 2
n n n
T

= =

2 3
2 1
2 1
1
2 3
1
2
2
1
2
2
n
n
n
n
n
n
T
T
= =

2 3 2 1
2
n n +
=

2
2
=

1
4
=
Since
1
n
n
T
T

is constant, the series is a GP
(b)
1 1
,
4 2
r a = =

(1 )
1
n
n
a r
S
r

1 1
1
2 4
1
1
2
n
| |
| |
|
|
|
\ .
\ .
=

1
1
4
n
| |
=
|
\ .

(c)
1
As , 0
4
n
n
| |

|
\ .

S

=1
17 (a)
1
4 1
4
n
n
S
| |
| |
=
|
|
|
\ .
\ .

1
1
1
4 1
4
n
n
S
| |
| |
=
|
|
|
\ .
\ .

Page 23 of 32


1
1
1 1
4 1 4 1
4 4
n n
n n
S S
| | | |
| | | |
=
| |
| |
| |
\ . \ .
\ . \ .

1
1 1
4 1 1
4 4
n n
(
| | | |
= +
(
| |
\ . \ .
(

1
1 1
4
4 4
n n
(
| | | |
=
(
| |
\ . \ .
(

1
1 1
4 1
4 4
n
| | (
=
|
(
\ .

1
1
3
4
n
| |
=
|
\ .

n
th
term T
n
=
1
1
3
4
n
| |
|
\ .

(b)
1
1
3
4
n
n
T
| |
=
|
\ .

2
1
1
3
4
n
n
T
| |
=
|
\ .

1
1 2
2
1
1
3
1 1 4
4 4
1
3
4
n
n n
n
n
n
T
T
| |
|
| |
\ .
= = =
|
\ .
| |
|
\ .

Since
1
n
n
T
T

is constant the series is a GP
(c) 3
n
a T = =

3 3
4
1
1 3 4
1
4
a
S
r
= = = =

18 (a)
1
4 1
3
n
n
S
| |
| |
=
|
|
|
\ .
\ .

1
1 1
4 1 4 1
3 3
n n
n
T
( | | | |
| | | |
= ( | |
| |
| |
\ . \ .
(
\ . \ .

1
1 1
4 4 4 4
3 3
n n
| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .

1
1 1
4 4
3 3
n n
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

1 1
1 1 2 1
4 1 4
3 3 3 3
n n
| | ( | || |
= =
| | |
(
\ . \ .\ .

Page 24 of 32


1
8 1
3 3
n
| |
=
|
\ .

(b)

1
1 2
2
1
8 1
1 1 3 3
3 3
8 1
3 3
n
n n
n
n
n
T
T
| |
|
| |
\ .
= = =
|
\ .
| |
|
\ .

Since
1
n
n
T
T

is constant the series is a GP
(c)
1
a
S
r

1 8
,
3 3
r a = =

8
3
1
3
4
1
S
= =

19 J une 3rd 1964 1500
J une 3rd 1965 1500 +0.07 (1500) =1.07 (1500)
J une 3rd 1965 1.07 (1500) +0.07 (1.07) (1500) =(1.07)
2
(1500)
After n years : (1.07)
n
(1500)
(1.07)
n
(1500) >7000

7000
(1.07)
1500
n
>

14
(1.07)
3
n
>

14
log(1.07) log
3
| |
>
|
\ .

14
log
3
log(1.07)
n
| |
|
\ .
>
22.77 n >
When n =23, the amount exceeds $7000
This occurs in the year 1987
20 (a)
Day No. of texts sent Date
1 35 6th December
2 (0.95)(35) 7th December
3 (0.95)
2
(35) 8th December
4

No. of texts sent on 16th December =(0.95)
10
(35) 21 texts
(b) a =35, r =0.95 S
n
=480

(1 )
1
n
n
a r
S
r

35(1 (0.95) )
480
1 0.95
n

Page 25 of 32


480 =700 (1 0.95
n
)
24
1 0.95
35
n
=
11
(0.95)
35
n
=

11
log log(0.95)
35
n
| |
=
|
\ .

11
log
35
log(0.95)
n
| |
|
\ .
=
22.6 n =
Michael uses up all his texts on day 23. The date is 28th December.

Review exercise 11

1 (a) 1000 first 5 m
1250 second 5 m
1500 third 5 m
This is an AP with a =1000, d =2500,
200
40
5
n = =

| | 2 (n 1)d
2
n
n
S a = +

| |
40
40
2(1000) (40 1)(250)
2
$1235000
S = +
=

(b) a =1000, d =250, S
n
=10000
[2 ( 1) ]
2
n
n
S a n d = +

10000 [2000 250( 1)]
2
20000 [1750 250 ]
n
n
n n
= +
= +

250n
2
+1750n 20000 =0
n
2
+7n 80 =0

7 49 320
2
7 3 41
6.10
2
n
+
=

= =

Depth of well 30.5m =
2 (a) A GP with a =4, r =
2
3

Height after n bounces

2
4
3
n
n
T
| |
=
|
\ .

Page 26 of 32


After 6 bounces

6
6
2
4 0.351
3
T
| |
= =
|
\ .

Height of rebound after 6 bounces =0.351 m
(b)
8
3
8
2
1
1
3
a
S
r
= = =

Total distance =4 +2S

=20 m
3 A GP with
2
45 ,
3
a r = =

45
45 3
2
1
1
3
135
a
S
r

= = =

=

Total angle =135
4 A GP with a =1000, r =1.05
After first year : 1000 +0.05 (1000) =1.05 (1000)
After second year : 1.05 (1000)+0.05(1000) (1.05) =(1.05)
2
(1000)
Amount after 10 years : (1.05)
10
(1000) =$1628.89
5 A GP with a =10, r =
3
4

(a) After the third strike the ball bounces up
3
3
(10) 4.219m
4
| |
=
|
\ .

(b) After the nth time ball bounces
3
(10)
4
n
| |
|
\ .
m
(c)
10
40
3
1
1
4
a
S
r
= = =

Total distance =10 +2S
=90 m
6 A GP with a =128

128 64 32 16
64 1
128 2
r
+ +
= =

Since 1 <r <1 the series converges

( )
128 2
128
1 1 3
1
2
a
S
r
= = =

256 1
85
3 3
= =
7 1997 : 130 000
1998 : (0.85) (130 000)
1999 : (0.85)
2
(130 000)

10
After10yearsvalue (0.85) (130000) =
Page 27 of 32


$25593.67 =
The vehicle is worth $ 25 593.67 after 10 years
8 A GP with a =200 000, r =0.9
Value after 1 year : (0.9) (200 000)
Value after 2 years : (0.9)
2
(200 000)
Value after 5 years : (0.9)
5
(200 000) =$ 118 098.00
9 End of year 1 : 800 +0.05 (8000) =1.05 (8000)
End of year 2 : 8000 +1.05(8000) +0.05 [8000 +1.05 (8000)] =1.05 (8000) +(1.05)
2
8000
At the end of year 10 she will have :

2 10 9
1.05(8000) 1.05 (8000) (1.05) (8000) 1.05(8000) 1 1.05 1.05 ( + + = + + + +

10
1 (1.05)
1.05(8000)
1 1.05
(
=
(

$105 654.30 =
10 a =10 cm, l =15 cm, S
n
=800

| |
2
n
n
S a l = +
800 [10 15]
2
n
= +

800 2
25
n

= =64
Cut into 64 pieces
11
1
2
6
3
n
n
S
| |
=
|
\ .

(a)
1 2
1
2 2
6 6
3 3
n n
n n n
T S S

(
| | | |
= =
(
| |
\ . \ .
(

2 1
2 2
3 3
n n
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

2
2 2
1
3 3
n
| | (
=
|
(
\ .

2
1 2
3 3
n
| |
=
|
\ .

2
1 2
Hence
3 3
n
n
T
| |
=
|
\ .

(b)
1
1
3
n n
T T

=
2
2
3
1
3
n
| |
|
\ .
3
2
3
n
| |
|
\ .
2 3
2
3
n n +
| |
=
|
\ .

2
3
| |
=
|
\ .

1
Since is constant series is a GP
n
n
T
T

Page 28 of 32


(c) Since <r <1 the series converges

1
1 2 1 3 1
3 3 3 2 2
a
| |
= = =
|
\ .
,
2
3
r =

1
3
2
2
1 2
1
3
a
S
r
= = =

12 (a)
( )
2
1
3
2
n
S n n = +

1 n n n
T S S

=

( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
3 3( 1) 1
2 2
n n n n = + +

( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
3 3 6 3 1
2 2
n n n n n = + + +

2
3
2
n =
1
2
n +
2
3
2
n
6 3 1
2 2 2
n n +
1
2
+
3 1 n =
(b) T
n
T
n1
= 3n 1 [3(n 1)1]
=3n1 3n +4 =3
Since T
n
T
n1
(c) T
1
=3(1) 1 =2
d =3
13
4 1 3
5( ) S T T = +

4
2
4
(1 )
5[ ]
1
a r
S a ar
r
= = +

2 2
(1 ) (1 ) a r r +
5
1
a
r
=
2
(1 ) r +

(1 ) r (1 )
1
r
r
+
5 =
1 5 r + =
r =4
14 (a)
2
14 2
n
S n n =

1 n n n
T S S

=

2 2
14 2 14( 1) 2( 1) n n n n ( =

2 2
14 2 14 14 2( 2 1) n n n n n ( = +

2 2
14 2 18 16 2 n n n n ( =

4 16 n = +
T
n
= 16 4n
(b) T
n
T
n1
=16 4n [16 4(n 1)]
=16 4n [20 4n]
=4
Since T
n
T
n1
(c) T
1
=16 4 =12
Page 29 of 32


d =4
15 (a)
2
5 15
2 2
n
S n n =

1 n n n
T S S

=

2 2
5 15 5 15
( 1) ( 1)
2 2 2 2
n n n n
(
=
(

2 2
5 5 5 5 5 15
5
2 2 2 2 2 2
5 10
n n n n n
n
(
= + +
(

=

(b)
| |
1
5 10 5( 1) 10
n n
T T n n
=

5 10 [5( 1) 10]
5
n n =
=

Since T
n
T
n1
(c) T
1
=5 10 =5
d =5
16 (a)
1
90 1
3
n
n
S
| |
| |
=
|
|
|
\ .
\ .

1 n n n
T S S

=

1
1 1
90 1 90 1
3 3
n n
( (
| | | |
=
( (
| |
\ . \ .
( (

1
1 1
90 90 90 90
3 3
n n
| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .

1
1 1
90 90
3 3
n n
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

1
1 1
90 1
3 3
n
| | (
=
|
(
\ .

1
2 1
90
3 3
n
| || |
=
| |
\ .\ .

1
1
60
3
n
| |
=
|
\ .

(b)
1
60
n
n
T
T

=
1
1
3
60
n
| |
|
\ .
1 2
2
1 1
3 3
1
3
n n
n
+
| |
= =
|
\ .
| |
|
\ .

Since
1
n
n
T
T

is constant series is a GP
(c)
0
1
1
60 60
3
T
| |
= =
|
\ .

Page 30 of 32


1
3
r =
17 (a)
( )
24 2 1
n
n
S =

1 n n n
T S S

=

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1
1
24 2 1 24 2 1
24 2 24 24 2 24
n n
n n
(
=

= +

( ) ( )
1
24 2 24 2
n n
=

( )( )
( )
1
1
24 2 2 1
24 2
n
n
=
=

(b)
1
24
n
n
T
T

=
( )
1
2
24
n
( )
1 2
2
2 2
2
n n
n
+
= =
Since
1
n
n
T
T

(c) T
1
=24(2) =24
r =2
18 (a)
1 n n n
T S S

=

125
2
=
125 1 125
2 5 2
n
| |

|
\ .
1
125 1
2 5
n
(
| |

( |
\ .

1
125 1 1
1
2 5 5
n
( | | | |
=
| | (
\ . \ .

1 1
125 1 6 1
75
2 5 5 5
n n
| | | | | |
= =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

(b)
1
1 2
2
1
1
75
1 1 5
5 5
1
75
5
n
n n
n
n
n
T
T
| |
|
| |
\ .
= = =
|
\ .
| |
|
\ .

Since
1
n
n
T
T

(c)
1
1
30,
5
T r = =
19 x, y, 10 is an AP
y x =10 y
2y x =10 [1]
y, x, 10 is a GP

10 x
y x
=
x
2
=10y [2]
From [1]
10y =50 +5x
Page 31 of 32


Substituting into [2]

2
5 50 0 x x =
( 5)( 10) 0 x x + =
5 or 10 x x = =

5
or 10
2
y y = =
But y x
Hence x =5, y =
5
2

20 (a)
10 10
615, 48 S T = =

| | 2 ( 1)
2
n
n
S a n d = +

| |
10
2 9 615
2
a d + =
2 9 123 a d + = [1]
( 1)
n
T a n d = +
9 48 a d + = [2]
[1] [2] gives 75 a =
75 9 48 d + =
3 d =
Hence 75, 3 a d = =
21 (a)
15 7
1560, 102 S T = =

| | 2 ( 1)
2
n
n
S a n d = +

| |
15
2 14 1560
2
a d + =
7 104 a d + = [1]
6 102 a d + = [2]
[1] [2] gives 2 d =
12 102 a + =
90 a =
Hence 90, 2 a d = =
22
12
166
3
S =

| |
12 166
2 11
2 3
a d + =

11 83
2 18
a d + = [1]

5
40
9
T =

40
4
9
a d + = [2]
[1]-[2] gives
Page 32 of 32


3 1
2 6
d =

1 2 1
6 3 9
d = =

4 40
9 9
a + =
4 a =

1
Hence 4,
9
a d = =

Unit 2 Chapter 11 Answers

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Unit 2 Chapter 11 Answers

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Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 11 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

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