mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh" fkd'60$460" fia,hska mdr" Tref.

dvj;a;" je,a,msh
rl:k ( 0112-2533427-28 *elaia( 0112-533448 wka;cd,h: www.aea.gov.lk
oHq;a ;emE, : subscribe@aea.gov.lk

wfma ia;r

l;D uKav,h

m%Odk ixialdrl
pQ,sld kdkdhlaldr h
ixialdrl uKav,h
.re iNdm;s;=ud,
wOHlaI ckrd,a" wOHlaI yd ksfhdAcH wOHlaI uy;au
uy;aka
ksudKlrKh
ikaOHd u,aldka;s fufKh
inkalrKh
m%oSma ,ika; uy;d
PdhdrEmlrKh
<ysre iorejka uy;d
odhl;ajh - oHq;a ;emE,
emag@aea.gov.lk
msgm;a i`oyd
wka;cd,h : www.aea.gov.lk
rl:k
:+94-1125334278
oHq;a ;emE, : subscribe@aea.gov.lk
kHIal if`oi
kHIal if`oi
kHIal if`oi
m%ldYkh
mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

ishu ysl wersKs

m<uqjk l,dmh

l;= jelsh

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

m<uqjk l,dmh

l;D uKav,h

ii

iqNdYsxik

;dlaIK yd mfhaIK wud;H;=udf.a

mKsvh

;dlaIK yd mfhaIK wud;HdxYhg wkqnoa; wdh;khla

jk mrudKql Yla;s wldrsfha oHq;a irdfjys ux.,
m%ldYkhg uf.a WKqiq iqN me;= ms<s.kajkafka b;d
i;=ks
fuu irdj m<lsrSu i|yd ud iska wldrsfha
iNdm;sjrhd" wOHlaI ckrd,ajrhd yd fiiq fiajlhka
ffOhu;a l< w;r tu W;aidyfha u,a M, .ekau ms<sn|j
i;=gg m;afj
lsrK wdrlaIKh ms<sn| kS;s" rS;s yd fr.=,dis l%shd;aul
lsrSug;a lsrK ;dlaIKh rf iudc wd:sl ixjOkh
i|yd fhdod .ekSug;a ta ms<sn|j uyck;dj oekqj;a
lsrSug;a ne`oS isk fuu wdh;kh tu oekqu kq;k
wdldrhg irdjla f,i fnod yerSug .;a ;SrKh ms<sn|j
uu fkdu|j i;=gg m;afj
mdG,S pmsl rKjl
wud;H"
;dlaIK yd mfhaIK wud;HdxYh

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsfha

iNdm;s;=udf.a mKsvh

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh u.ska ksl=;a lrk O m%ldYk

w;r kHIAl ;dlaIKfha IhdkqnoaO oekqu uyck;dj w;r
fnod yerSug m;s%ld" fmd;a msxpj,a yd fj wvh" DVD yd
CD ;e miq.sh ld,fha isg fhdod .eksKs' ld,Sk
wjYH;djhlaj mej;s irdjla" uqs; udOHfhka neyerj
f.dia kq;k hq.hg .e,fmk mrsos oHq;a irdjla f,i
ksudKh lsrSug mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh iska ;SrKh
lrk ,oS
fuu oHq;a irdj mdie,a" Yaj oHd," rcfha yd rcfha
fkdjk wdh;k wdoshg heug mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh
n,dfmdfrd;a;= f ;jo fuu oJq;a irdj u.ska Tnf.a
oekqu je oshqKq lsrSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk w;r mrudKql
Yla;s wldrsh iska Y%s ,xldf iudc-wdl ixjOkh
Wfoid is lrk odhl;ajh ms<sn`oj wjfndaOhla ,nd oSugo
woyia flf

wdpdh wdt,a chjOk

iNdm;s"
mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

;dlaIK yd mfhaIK wud;HdxYfha

f,al;=hf.a mKsvh

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsfha oHq;a irdf ux., l,dmhg

mKsvhla we;=,;a lsrSug ,eu ms<sn|j i;=gg m;afj
mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh ieugu kq;k oHdf kj;u ux
fm;a fidhd hk wdh;khla neka fuu oHq;a irdj m,
lsrSu .ek uu i;=gq fj
wldrsfha kQ;k lghq;= w;r .eud uOHia:dkhla msysgq u
iy kskdYl mrSlaIK flakahla yslsrSu fYaIs;hs
fuu irdj b;d Wiia ugfuka mj;ajdf.k hkq we;ehs
uu n,dfmdfrd;a;= fj fuuska kHIAl ;dlaIKh
ms<sn|j ,dxlSh ck;dj fukau f,dal m%cdj o oekqj;a jkq
we; id:l oHq;a irdjla m, lsrSug mrudKql Yla;s
wldrshg yels fjd hehs m;

Odrd ch;s,l
f,al"
;dlaIK yd mfhaIK wud;HdxYh

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsfha

wOHlaI ckrd,ajrhdf.a mKsvh

fuu oHQ;a irdfjys m<uq l,dmh Tn ieu fj; bosrsm;a

lrkafka b;d i;=ks fuu i`.rdj u.ska ,xldf fukau
wo f,dalfha kHIAl ;dlaIKfha O fhoS ms<snoj Un
oekqj;a lsrSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= fj
kHIal ;dlaIKh wo ke;sju ners ;dlaIKhls fuu
;dlaIKh wo f,dj mqrd ,sh ksmoug fukau ffjoH"
ludka; yd lDIsludka; lafIA;%hkays lghq;= i|yd o
fhdod .efka
kHIAl ;dlaIKhg wu;rj lshu i|yd iqiq fkdfhl=;a
yrj;a ,sms fuu irdf m< lsrSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk
w;r tuska Tf oHd;aul yd kaok yelshdjka je
oshqKq flfrkq we;ehs is;uq
fuu irdj t<s oelaug irdf ixialdrl uKav,h
iska f.k we;s W;aidyh fnfyka w.h lr
t,a l%ukdhl
wOHlaI ckrd,a"
mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

m<uqjk l,dmh

iii

we;=,a msgq

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

m<uqjk l,dmh

iv

wfma l;dj

1969 wxl 19 orK mrudKql Yla;s wldrs

mk; u.ska ia:dmkh lr ;sfnk
mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh ;dlaIK
yd mfhaIK wud;HdxYh hgf;a
mj;akd wdh;khls ;jo fuu
wldrsh" Tia%hdf hdkd
kqjr msys cd;Hka;r mrudKql
Yla;s ksfhdacs;dh;kh
furg inkaldrl
wdh;kh o f

wmf.a j.lSu
1' lsrK wdrlaIKh yd kshdukh
2' yosis lsrK wdmod fiajdj
3' kHIal WmlrK kv;a;=j" l%udxlKh
iy w,q;ajehd lsf fiajdj
4' mqoa., lsrK;sl fiajdj
5' lsrK;sl WmlrK l%udxlK fiajdj
6' kHIal Yaf,aIK fiajdj
7' lsrK msrsieliq fiajdj
8' kskdYl mrslaIK fiajdj
9' kHIal ;dlaIK fa;%fha udkj
im;a ixjOkh
10' iuia:dksl c,oHd fiajdj

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

YS% ,xldf
iudcwdl
ixjOkh i|yd
kHIal ;dlaIKfha
iduld fhou
yd
ck;dj;a mrsirh;a
wkjYH f,i
lsrKj,g Ndckh u
je<elau
m<uqjk l,dmh

01

wfma l;dj'''

ffjoH" ludka;" lDIsludka;" mfhaIK yd wOHdmk hk

fa;%hkaysoS" whkldrl lsrK Odldrfhka Nd; lrkq
,nhs ;jo iu; ug j,g jvd je whkSldrl lsrK
m%udKhlg ksrdjrKh u ksidg ydksodhl h yelsh'
tfyhska whkldrl lsrK Nd;fhao tajd h kshdukhlg
hg;aj is l< hq;=h ta ioyd k;s yd fr.=,dis l%shd;aul l<
hq;= w;r m%dfhda.slj l%shd;aul l< yels wdrlaIK
l%ufohka o ;sh hq;=h tu ldhhka i|yd kS;s yd
fr.=,dis imdokh lsu yd tu kS;s yd fr.=,dis l%shdf
fhou u.ska tu ldhhka m%;shlg wkqj islrkq
,nkafka oehs iy;sl lsru fuu lsrK wdrlaIK yd
kshduk fiajdf m%Odk j.lu f

iudc yd wd:sl ixjOkh

ioyd wo ,xldf fkdfhla
lafIa;% j, lsrK m%Nj Nd;d
lrkq ,nhs' fjk;a rgj,o
tjeks lsrK m%Nj Nd;
lrkq ,nk w;r ,sh
W;amdokh
i`oyd
kHIal
n,d.dr o fndfyda rgj,
l%shd;aul lrkq ,nhs' fuysoS
lsish ia:dkhl wkfmalaIs;
kHIal fyda lsrK wk;=rla

lsrK wk;=rlska miqj wjg

mirhg n,mEula is
we;aoehs fidhd ne,Su.

tlaia lsrK hka;%hla ;;a;aj

mrslaIdjlg ,la lsu.

is
jqj
fyd;a
tu.ska
uyck;djg yd mrsirhgo
ydks is h yelsh' fuu
ydksh wju lr .ekSu i|yd
iy tjeks wjia:djlg uqyqK
oSu i|yd mrudKql Yla;s
wldrsh iska yosis lsrK
wdmod jevigykla l%shd;aul
lrkq ,nhs'

kHIal ;dlaIKh O lafIa;% i|yd fhdod .ekSfoS kHIal

WmlrK Nd;h w;HjYH lreKls' tfukau kHIal ;dlaIK
Kq ksjerosj ,nd .ekSug kHIal Kq WmlrK ksis mrsos
kv;a;=j yd l%udxlkh lsu o w;HjYHh' fujeks wjia:d j,oS
WmlrK w,q;ajehd lsug o wjYH f'

kHIal WmlrK kv;a;=j iy

w,q;ajehd lsu'

f i|yd wjYH WmlrKj,ska iuka; oHd.drhla mrudKql

Yla;s wldrsh i;= f'

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

m<uqjk l,dmh

02

wfma l;dj'''

lsrK;sl
kq ,nd
.ekSu

ffjoH" ludka;" lDIsludka;" mfhaIK yd wOHdmk

hk fa;%hkays kshe,S isk lsrK fiajlhka wkjYH
f,i lsrK j,g ksrdjrKh ug bvlv we;' tneka
TjQkag mqoa., lsrK;sl WmlrK ,nd oS tajd me,|
isug Wmfoia oSu u.ska Tjqka ksrdjrKh h yels
lsrK m%udKhka ksKh lsrSu yd wjYH wdrlaIK
Wmfoia ,nd oSu idudkH oHd;aul wxYh u.ska is
lrkq ,nhs' fuu lsrK;sl fiajdj i|yd kk
oHd.dr myiql ia:dmkh lr we;s w;r fiajlhkaf.a
lsrK ud;%d o;a; mj;ajdf.k hEu o is lrkq ,nhs'

fuu oHd.drh u.ska lsrK wdrlaIK lghq;+ i`oyd w;HjYH

lsrK iu; mj;ajd f.k hk w;r tajd Wmfhda.S lrka lsrK
fiajlhka f.a wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lsrSug Nd; lrk lsrK ud;%dj
uksk WmlrK l%udxlkh is flf'
fuu fiajdj imhk Y%s ,xldfjs ia:dms; tlu oHd.drh jk fuh
jI 2009 isg m%;s ;;a;aj iy;slh ^m%;S;k ;;a;ajh& ,nd f.k
we;'
fuu w;HdjYH fiajdj u.ska Y%S ,xldf lsrK wdrlaIK lghq;=
ksis mrsos l%shd;aul lsrSug uy= odhl;ajhla ,nd fohs'

oa;Sl iu; lsrK;sl

mrSlaIKd.drh.

uyck fi!LH wdrlaIdj msKsi wdydr jH j, we;s lsrKYS,S;dj

uek wod< ksfoaY ,nd fohs' WodyrK f,i Y%S ,xldjg wdkhkh
lrkq ,nk ls yd ls wdY%s; ksIamdok" Ys; l< ud yd ka ud
j, we;s lsrKYS,S;dj m%udKd;aulj ykd .ekSu islrkq ,nk
w;r tu.ska tu wdydr uyck fi!LHhg iqiq o keoao hkak ;SrKh
lrkq ,nhs' ;jo ksidg yd mrsirhg wys;lr f,day j.
.=Kd;aulj yd m%udKd;aulj Yaf,aIKh lr bka miq iy;sl m;a
ksl+;a lsrSu;a fuu fiajdj u.ska is lrkq ,nhs'
f i|yd .eud lsrK Yaf,aIK l%uh" tlaia lsrK Yaf,aIK
kk ;dCIKsl
l%uh" we,a*d lsrK;sl l%uh wdoS Yaf,aIK l%u iys; kk
WmlrKj,ska iuka;
;dCIKfhka hQ;+ WmlrKj,ska iuka;" m%;s iy;sl,;a ^m%;S;k
kHIal Yaf,aIK
iy;sl& kHIal Yaf,aIK oHd.drhla mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh
oHd.drh
i;= f' ;jo Ildrl uQ,jHj,ska mirhg yd fi!LHhg is h
yels n,mE ms<sn| wOHhkhkag o" lDIsldl yd wdydr ksIamdokj,g wod, mfhaIK
lghq;+j,g wjYH Yaf,aIK fiajdjka o ,ndoSu fuu oHd.drh u.ska is lrkq ,nhs'

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

m<uqjk l,dmh

03

wfma l;dj'''

.eud lsrK Nd;fhka" jkdlka je ksIamdok ykajd oSu

i|yd mfhaIK yd ixjOk lghq;= lsu fuu fiajdj u.ska is
lrkq ,nhs wdydr jH l,a ;nd .ekSu" lDIs ksIamdok wmkhkfha
oS ta iu. ish yels lD i;=ka ixl%uKh je<elau ^ksfrdaOdhk
l%shdj,sh& iy jvd t,hS lDIs m%fNao ksmou ioyd wjYH
mfhaIK iydh ,nd fohs'
lsrK msrsieliq ;dlaIK
oHd.drh

;jo ffjoH WmlrK yd wdydr jeks wmkhkh NdKav

cSjdkqyrKhg ,la lr wmkhklrejkag by< wdodhula ,nd .kq
yels jkq jia mfhaIK fiajd mq,a lsrSu o is lrkq ,nhs'

fuu fiajdj u.ska lsish NdKavhlg lsis wdldrhlska ydkshla

is fkdlr .=Kd;aulj yd m%udKd;aulj Yaf,aIKh lsrSu fuysoS
is lrkq ,nhs' tu NdKavh ksIamdok l%shdj,sfhaoS fyda tys
Nd;fha oS fuu mrslaIK l%ufoh fhdod .ekSug yelsh' ksIamdos;
NdKav j, m%;sh mrSlaId lsrSu i|yd;a" fiajdjka mj;ajd f.k hk
w;r;=r is lrk kv;a;= lsrS i|yd;a" kskdYl mrslaIK
ludka; lafIa;%fha nyq, jYfhka fhdod .efka'
kskdYl mrSlaIK fiajd u.ska Y%S ,dxldf ksIamdos; NdKav j,
m%;sh by, kexu" ludka; Yd,d j, wkfmalaIs; | je
n,d.drhl Yd,
je<elau" hka;% iq;% j, ksrka;r w,q;ajehdjka wju lsrSu" ,s
vhskfudajla mlaId lsu.
n,d.dr j, yosis ,s wek ys wju lsrSu iy Wia f.dvke.s,s
jeks uyd mrsudK fldkal%S iels,sj, m%;sh by, kexu l< yelsh' fuu.ska ludka;lrejkag
kv;a;= yd w,q;ajehdjka i|yd jeh jk ho wju lr .; yelsh' kskdYl mrSlaIK j,g
inkaO mqyqKq mdGud,d meje;auo mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh u.ska islrkq ,nhs'
wOHhk fmd iy;sl m;% Wiia fm< Nd.fhka oHd Ih Odrdfjka iu;a ;reK ;reKshkag
kskdYl mrSlaIK inkaO mdGud,d j,g iy wod, Nd. j,g iyNd.sS wjYH ksmqk;d
iy;sl ,nd.; yelsh' fuu.ska ;reK mrmqr i|yd furg fukau msgrgo /lshd wjia:d Wod lr
.ekSug wjia:dj Wod f'

kHIal ;dlaIKh ms<sno

WmfoaYk ,nd oSu.

kHIal ;dlaIKh fCIa;%fha O wxY j, fiajh lrk ffjoH" fyo"

lsrK Ys,am" ;dlaIK Ys,am" fmd,sia yd wdrlaIl wxY ks<OdrSka yd
Yaj oHd, isiqka i|yd mqyqKq mdGud,d meje;au wldrsh u.ska is
lrkq ,nhs' kskdYl mrSlaIK mqyqKq mdGud,d" lsrK wdrlaIK
mqyqKq mdGud,d ka iuyrls' g wu;rj Yaj oHd, yd m%Yapd;a
Wmd wdh;k j, isiqkag Tjqkaf.a mfhaIK islsrSug wjYH oHd.dr
myiql imhd fokq ,nk w;r jHdmD;s wlaIK o islrkq ,nhs'

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

m<uqjk l,dmh

04

wfma l;dj'''

iuia:dksl c,oHdf c, pl%fha O wjia:djkays c,fhys

yeisu wOHhkh islrkq ,nhs fuu iuia:dksl ixhq;Ska
u.ska O c, uQ,dY%j, fmdaIl fmfoia ykd .ekSu" O
N+.; c, uQ,dY% fjkalr ykd .ekSu" N+.; c,fhys yeisu
wOHhkh lsu"fmdf<dj u;=msg c,fhys iy N+.; c,fhys we;s
inkaOh oek .ekSu" N+.; c,h fmdaIK jk hdka;%Kh iy
f.h fidhd .ekSu" N+.; c,h IKh jk uQ,dY% fidhd .ekSu
wdh is l, yelsh' fuu f;dr;=re c, im;a
l<ukdlrKfha wod, wdh;khkag b;d jeo.;a f
;jo c,dY yd f,s wdYs%;j we;s c, ldka iy jEiaiS j,
uQ,dY% iy tu c, ldka j, .uka u. fidhd .ekSug yels u
o fuu ;dlaIKfha we;s jeo.;a wx.hla f

Yaf,aIK lghq;= i`oyd c,

ksheos iQodk lsrSu

cd;Hka;r iyfhda.S;dj

Tia%hdf hdkd kqjr msys

cd;Hka;r mrudKql Yla;s
ksfhdacs;dh;kh

kHIal ;dCIKh oshqKq lsrSu i|yd wmg wjYH

;dCIKsl wdOdr ,nd .ekSu msKsi cd;Hka;r
mrudKql Yla;s ksfhdacs;dh;kh ^International
Atomic Energy Agency) yd Y%S ,xldj w;r
inkalrK lghq;= lsrSu fuu iyfhda.S;djfha
wruqKhs' f hgf;a kHIal fCIa;%fha kshq;=
ks,OdrSka cd;Hka;r uOHia:dk fj; hjd mqyqKq
lsrSu" cd;Hka;r fYaI{hkaf.a iyfhda.h ,nd oSu
u.ska udkj im;a ixjOkh yd O jHdmD;s
hgf;a ;dCIKsl WmlrK ,nd oSu fuu
iyfhda.S;djh u.ska is lrkq ,nhs'

kHIal ;dlaIKh wkd.; mrmrdf

Wkak;sh ioyd fhou mrudKql Yla;s
wldrsfha tlu wNs,dIhhs
mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

m<uqjk l,dmh

05

uYk

lsrK ykd .ksuq

wmg fkdfmfkk" fkdwefik" fkdoefkk" lsrK (radiation) ms<sn`o
oekqj;a u lsrK ms<sn| h mylr .ekSug we;s fydou ud.h f
oHq;a pqnl jKdj,shg wh;a ishu ;rx." lsrK i|yd fyd|u WyrKhka f' my; rEmfha
fmkajd we;af;a oHq;a pqnl jKdj,shhs' oHq;a pqnl jKdj,shg wh;a ishu lsrK fyj;a
;rx. tajdfha Yla;sh jejk wdldrhg ^jf isg ol=Kg& my; rEmigyfka fmkajd we;' oHq;a
pqnl ;rx.j, Yla;sh jejk g tys ixLHd;h jejk nj;a ;rx. wdhduh wvq jk nj;a my;
rEmfha fmkajhs'

mdrcnQ, ;rx.

ishu oHq;a pqnl ;rx. ke;fyd;a oHq;a pqnl lsrK wdf,dalfha f.fhka .uka lrk
w;r tysoS Yla;sh .,d hEula is f

oHq;a pqnl ;rx. tosfkod

cS;fha lghq;= myiq lr .ekSug
wmg Wo jk lsrK nj
Tn okakjd o@
.=jka ,s ;rx." rEmjdyskS ;rx. yd cx.u
rl:k ;rx. oHq;a pqnl ;rx. mjqf,a wvq
Yla;shla we;s lsrK idudcslhkah' Tn
ksjfia uhsfl%df Wfka l%shd;aul jk
uhsfl%df ke;sk laIq lsrK tfiau
rEmjdyskS hka;%fha ria: md,lh ksl=;a lrk
bka*%dfr fyj;a wfOdarla; lsrK o oHq;a
pqnl ;rx. mjqf,a lsrK idudcslhkah'
wmf.a weig fmfkk r;=" ;e,s" ly" fld<"
ks,a yd o wdoS f,iska jQ oDYH wdf,dal lsrK
o oHq;a pqnl ;rx. mjqf,a lsrK
idudcslhkah'
iQhdf.a
isg
mefKk
mdrcnQ, lsrK o oHq;a pqnl ;rx. mjqf,a
lsrK idudcslhkah' wmf.a weig fmfkk
tlu lsrK j.h jkqfha oDYH wdf,dal
lsrK muKs' wksl=;a by; lS lsrK lsisjla
wmf.a weig fkdfmfka' tfy;a by; rEmfhaa
fmkajd we;s Yla;sh b;d je X - lsrK yd

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

.eud () lsrK
jYfhka ykajkq
,nk
oHq;a
pqnl jKdj,s
hg wh;a lsrK
idudcslhka
fofokd ksia
YrSrh kso
hdug iu;al X-lsrK ksmojk k<hla'
olajhs'
tfiau tu lsrK ksia YrSrh ;+,ska .uka
lsfoS tajdfha Yla;sh ksidf.a YrSrfha
ffi,j, we;s mrudKq whkSlrKh lsrSug
m%udKj;a f' tneka tu lsrK idudcslhka
fofokd whkSldrl lsrK jYfhka y`kajkq
,nhs' tfy;a by; fPaofha i|yka l, lsrK
j. ish,a,u ksia YrSrh kso hdug
iu;al fkdolajhs' tneka tu lsrK
wmf.a YrSrfha .eu fya;= fldg f.k
fi!LHuh wjOdkula mek fkdk.Ss' tneka
oHq;a pqnl ;rx. mjqf,a tu lsrK
idudcslhka whkSldrl fkdjk lsrK
jYfhka y`kajkq ,nhs'

m<uqjk l,dmh

06

uYk'''
X-lsrK iajNdlj mrsirfha we;s lsrK j.hla fkdf' ksidf.a wjYH;d ioyd
ksid iskau ksmojd .kakd lsrK fYaIhls' YrSrh kso hdf .=Kh ksid ffjoH
oHdf frda. y`kd .ekSf Ys,am l%u hgf;a YrSr wNHka;rfha PdhdrEm .ekSu
yd ialEka lsrSu i`oyd X-lsrK nyq,j fhdod .kq ,nhs
X-lsrK ksmojk hka;%fha ,s iemhqu ika l< miq X-lsrK ksmou
k;r f' tneka X-lsrK iajNdl mrsirfha isg wmg ydkshla lsrSf
yelshdjla fkdue;' tfiau Tn ffjoH ksfoaYh u; X-lsrK
PdhdrEmhla" CT ialEka mrSlaIKhla fyda yDoh wdYs%; nhsmdia ie;alug
fmr is lrk tkacsfhda.%ems mrSlaIKhla lsrSug hkafka k X-lsrK

j,g ksrdjrKh u wksjdhfhkau is f' fuysoS Tf YrSrfha

lsrKYS,S wia:dhs
ffi,j,g X-lsrK jeoS h ydkshla is f iNd;djla we;' tfy;a
mrudKQjl kHIahlska
Tnf.a frda.h ksjerosj y`kd f.k ksis mrsos m%;sldr ,efuka we;sjk .eud () lsrKhla msg lsu'
iqjh yd iei`oSfoS tu ydksh fojks .Kfhys,d i,lkq ,ef'
whkSldrl lsrK .Khg we;=,;a jQ wfkla idudcslhd jkqfha .eud () lsrKhs' .eud () lsrK msg
lrkafka lsrKYS,S wia:dhs mrudKq j, kHIa j,sks' wia:dhs mrudKq j, kHIa ia:dhs u i`oyd
we,a*d () fyda gd () hkqfjka y`kajk l=vd wxY= msg lrhs' bka wk;=rej ;j rg;a ia:dhs u
i`oyd .eud () lsrK msglrhs' fuys oS uq,ska msgjQ we,a*d () fyda gd () wxY= j, we;s pd,l Yla;sh
ksid ksia YrSrh kso hdug yelshdjla we;s w;r ksidf.a YrSrfha ffi, j, we;s mrudKq
whkSlrKh lsrSugo yelshdjla we;s neka we,a*d () fyda gd () wxY= o whkSldrl lsrK jYfhka
y`kajkq ,nhs'
l,ska i`oyka l< X-lsrK fuka we,a*d" gd yd .eud (, , ) k jQ by; whkSldrl lsrK wm
ksia YrSrhg wys;lrh' tfy;a tajdfha we;s kso hdf yd whkSlrK .=Kh Wmfhda.s lr.kska
fndfyda lafIa;%hkays ;dKsl wjYH;d i|yd fhdod .kq ,nhs' fuf,i wm rg ;=,o ldl"
bxcsfkare" lDIsldl" mqrdoHd yd c,oHdj jeks lafIa;% ioyd whkSldrl lsrK yd tajd msg
lrk wia:dhs kHIakaa fyj;a lsrKYS,S iuia:dksl fhdod .kq ,ef'

mq,a f,i w: olajkafka k lsrK (radiation) hkq(

1' oHq;a pqnl jKdj,shg (electromagnetic spectrum) wh;a ishu ;rx." tk
.=jka ,s ;rx." rEmjdyskS ;rx." laIq lsrK" wfOdarla; lsrK" wdf,dal
lsrK" mdrcnQ, lsrK" X-lsrK yd .eud ^& lsrK wdosh iy
2' f.fhka .ukalrk Wm-mrudKql wxY=ka (sub atomic particles)" tk we,a*d
() wxY=" gd () wxY=" fm%dafgdak" kshqfg%dak wdosh o f'
u;l ;nd .; hq;= jeo.;a lreK jkafka whkSldrl lsrK jQ tlaia (X) we,a*d ()" gd () yd
.eud () lsrK ksia YrSrhg wys;lr jqj;a ksjeos md,khlg k;=j wdrlaIdld whqka fhdod
.eksfuka ksidf.a hym;g yd rfgys oshqKqjg fndfyda oE bgq lrk njh' th fmr oji o
hlrka weig fkdfmfkk n,f. ne| jev .;a;d hehs lSu yd iudkh'
m%idoa uyl=udr
ksfhdacH wOHlaI ^idudkH oHd;aul wxYh&
mrudKql Yla;s wldh

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

m<uqjk l,dmh

07

uYk

X lsrK hkq l=ulao @

X-lsrK hkq l=vd ;rx. wdhduhla

iys; oHq;a pqnl ;rx. fYaIhls'

tajdg ksia isref udxY fmaYS
kso hdf yelshdjla we; kuq;a
ksia wia:s kso hdf yelshdj
idfmalaIj wvqh' fuu .=Kdx.h
ffjoH
lafIa;%fhaos
X-lsrK
mlaIdjka i|yd fhdod .efka'
ffjoH lafIa;%fhaos" idudkH XlsrK hka;%" oka; X-lsrK hka;%"
*af,dafrdiafldms X-lsrK hka;%"
uefuda.%e*s X-lsrK hka;% iy iS
X-lsrK hka;% frda. ksYaph lsf
lghq;= i|yd fhdod .efkk w;r
ludka;
lafIa;%fhaoS
jHhl
wNHka;r iajNdjh wOHhkhg yd
jHhla iEoS we;s ix>gl fidhd
.ekSu wdos lghq;= i|ydo nyq,j
fhdod .kq ,nhs'

idudkH tlaia lsrK hka;%hla

oka; tlaia lsrK hka;%hla

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

fjo wefiys
b`.s ujk x-lsrK

X-lsrK j,g wkjYH f,i ksrdjrKhu

je<elau X-lsrK uOHia:dkj, j.lSu f'
m%;sfhka f;dr yd n,m;% rys;j X-lsrK

uOHia:dk msysgqu yd mj;ajd f.k hdu

1969 wxl 19 ork mrudKql Yla;s wldrS
mk; wkqj kS;s frda l%shdjls' fujeks kS;s
frda uOHia:dk j,ska fiajd ,nd
fkd.ekSug uyck;dj oekqj;a h hq;= w;r
tjeks ia:dk ms<sn|j uis<su;a u
uyck;djf.a hq;=lu yd j.lSuo f'

m<uq l,dmh

08

uYk'''
mrudKql Yla;s
wldh fj;ska
,nd .;a n,m;%hla
iys; ia:dkhlska
X-lsrK PdhdrEmhla
.ekSu jvd;a
wdrlaIdld f'

n,m;% rys;
X-lsrK hka;%
inkaOfhka
h meKs,a,la
wef;d;a ta
ms<sn|j
mrudKql Yla;s
wldrshg
oekq fok
f,i
uyck;djf.ka
b,a,d isuq'

kS,a m%kdka
fHIaG oHd;aul ks<Od
^lsrK wdrlaIK yd fr.=,dis wxYh&
mrudKql Yla;s wldh

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

m<uq l,dmh

09

uYk

Tn fj<|fmdf<ka ,oS .kakd wdkhkh lrk ,o ls

yd ls wdY%s; ksIamdok" YS;l< ud yd ka ud jeks
wdydr jH wkjYH f,i lsrKYS,s jH j,ska wm;%
we;aoehs oek .ekSug" tajd fj<| fmd<g ksl=;a lsrSug
m%:u" mrudKql Yla;s wldh u.ska mlaId lrk nj
Tn iuyr gl fkdokakjd h yelshs'
wdkhkh lrk lsrsms yd ka ud
f;d. j,ska ,nd .kakd idm,"
mrudKql
Yla;s
wldrsfha
ffcjoHd wxYhg wh;a" Y%S ,xld
m%;S;k uKav,fha ISO/IEC 17025
m%;shg wkql+,j m%;S;kh lrk ,o
kHIal Yaf,aIK oHd.drh ;=<oS
lsrKYS,S;dj uek .ekSu
(Nuclear Analytical Lab) .eud
i`oyd
fhdod
.ka
k
d
kk
lsrK jKd,SlaI;sh (Gamma Ray Spectrometry) k
WmlrK iys; oHd.drh
Yaf,aIK l%ufoh fhdod f.k
mlaId flf' ta i|yd kk WmlrK iys; oHd.drhla
mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh i;=j we;'
tu mlaIdj wkqj wod< lsrKYS,Ss ugu ms<sn| iy;slhla ksl=;a
flf' fufia mrslaIdjg Ndckh flfrk fuu idm, j,
lsrKYS,;dj h iu; w.hlg jvd wvq k muKla mrudKql
Yla;s wldrsfha ksfoaYh u; fi!LH wud;HdxYh iska wdydr
f;d.h uyck;djf.a mfNdackh i|yd ksl=;a lsrSug f.=jg
wjir ,nd foa' tfia fkue;s k kej;;a tu f;d. wdmiq
wdkhkh l< rgj,a j,gu hjkq ,ef'
mD:sh u; oelsh yels ish cS yd wcS jia;= mD:sfha wvx.= jk
iajdNdl lsrKYS,S jH jk hqfksh" f;darsh yd lsrKYS,S
fmdgEish j,ska msglrk lsrK j,g yd wNHjldYfha isg
mefKk fldiala lsrK j, wvx.= lsrK j,g ksr;=rej
ksrdjrKh f' fjd iajdNdl lsrK jk w;r tu.ska ksidg
ydkslr ;;ajhla we;s fkdf'
iajdNdl lsrKj,g wu;rj ksid iska is flfrk
l%shdldrl ksid ksmofjk lD;su lsrK we;s w;r tajd
^1&' fi!LH" ludka;" lDIsldl yd mfhaIK jeks lafIa;%j, Nd;d jk lD;su lsrKYS,S jH
j,ska msgjk lsrK
^2&' oshqKq rgj, isflfrk kHIal w ms<sn| mrSlaIKj,oS mrsirhg ksl=;a flfrk lsrKYS,S jH
j,ska msglrk lsrK
^3&' kHIal n,d.dr wk;=rej,oS mrsirhg uqla; jk lsrKYS,S jH j,ska msg lrk lsrK wdosh f'

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

m<uqjk l,dmh

10

uYk'''

wdkhkh flfrk
lsrsms <ore
wdydr" ka l,
yd YS; l, ud
jeks wdydr jH
lsrKYS,S;dj
i|yd mrslaId
lsrSu w;HjYH
jk w;r
fuu j.lSu
mrudKql Yla;s
wldrsh u.ska bgq
flf'

fufia ndysr mrsirhg msgjk lsrKYS,S jH" jdhqf.da,fhka

is wjidkfha fmd<j u; ;ekam;a mig tla f' fufia
mig tlajk lsrKYS,S jH Ydl j,g tla u ksid tjka Ydl
fldgia wdydr f,i .ekSfuka ksia isrergo tla h yelsh'
fmdf<dj u; m;s; jQ lsrKYS,S jH ;Kfld< yd l=vd Ydl
j,g wjfYdaIKh fojkqj tu ;Kfld< yd l=vd Ydl wkqNj
lsfuka t<fokqkaf.a YrSr ;=< lsrKYS,S;djla we;s lrhs'
tu.ska lsrKYS,S;dj iys; t<ls yd t<ls wdY%s; ksIamdok
fj<| fmd<g tla h yelsh
pfkda,a wk;=r fuka fkdj *ql=Isud wk;=rska miqj tu
kHIal n,d.drfha uOHh isis,kh lsrSug fhdod .kakd ,o
Yd, c, m%udK lsrKYS,S jH j,ska wm;% ;snQ w;r tu
c,h cmdkh wjg id.rhg uqod yeK' fuu lsrKYS,S jH
j,ska wm;% jQ c,h id.r oshje,a iu tla id.rh ;=<
me;srsKs' fufia lsrKYS,S jH id.r c,hg tla jQ miq tajd
u;aiH YrSr ;=<g we;= fuka lsrKYS,S;djh iys; ud
fj<|fmd<g tlah yelsh' f ksid wdkhkh flfrk kal,
yd YS; l, ud lsrKYS,S;dj i|yd mrslaId lsrSu w;HjYH jk
w;r fuu j.lSu mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh u.ska bgq flf'
Y%S ,xldf kS;s j,g wkql+,j ^1969 wxl 19 orK mK; yd LDB/73 - 1995 wxl orK .ei ksfokhg wkqj& lsrs wdydr j,
;sh yels lsrKYS,S iSish (Cs) uQ,jHfha wkqu; Wmrsu
lsrKYS,S;d ugu" lsrs wdydr lsf,da.%Euhg fnlr,a 20 f'
^Bq - fnlr,a hkq lsrKYS,S;dj uksk tallhhs& wfkl=;a
wdydr j, ;sh yels lsrKYS,S iSish uQ,jHfha wkqu; Wmrsu
lsrKYS,S ugu tu wdydr lsf,da.%Euhg fnlr,a 100 f'

by; lS wkqu; Wmrsu ugug jvd je lsrKYS,S;d m%udKhla wvx.= wdydr fjf<| fmd<g ksl=;a
fkdlsrSug mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh j. n,d .kS'
t'iS'tia'fifkr;ak"
m%Odk ;;a;aj md,k ks,Odks ^ffcjoHd wxYh&
mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh'

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

m<uqjk l,dmh

11

ld,Sk'''

j;udkfhA ishu rgj,a ikAksfok ;dlaIKfha

oshqKqj;A iu.u Yaj .udkhla njg m;a we;'
f,dalfha
fld;ekl fyda isjk fYaI isula tiekska fjk;a
rgl jdih lrk
flfkl=g o oek .ekSf wjldYh we;' tkuq fN!;sl jYfhka ixjOkh we;s rgj,
ck;djf.a jk ugu" hqKq fjka mj;sk rgj, ck;djf.a jk ugu yd ieif ie,lsh
hq;= ugfuka ria: Ndjhla fmkakq lrkq ,ef' wefursld tlai;a ckmoh" tlai;a rdcOdksh"
m%xYh" reishdj iy kh hk rgj,aj, iy cmdkfha olakg ,efnk kHIal ,sfhka l%shdlrk
wf.S rsh (Nuclear powered electrified train system), kHIal n,fhka l%shdlrk id.r im;a
fidhd lsfok iuerSk (Nuclear Powered Submarines), kHIal n,fhka l%shdlrk fjf<| yd
ixpdrl ludka;j, jOkhg fhdod .efkk .=jkahdkd keje;ah yels Yd, kdl hd;%d
(Nuclear Powered Aircarft carriers), kHIal n,fhka l%shdlrk whsialvk kdl hd;%d (Nuclear
Powered Ice breakers) iy kHIal n,fhka l%shdlrk wNHjldY ;rKfha fhdod .efkk frdl
hdkd (Nuclear powered rockets) jeks oE wm rg jeks ixjOkh fjkA mj;sk rgj, ck;djg Nd;
lsug wjldY fkdue;'

kHIal n,fhka l%shdlrk wf.S rsh i|yd m%xYh lu

WodyrKhla imhhs' m%xYfha TGV kue;s kHIal n,fhka
l%shdlrk wf.S rsh SNCF iud.f wkq.%yfhka m%xYfha
meia kqjr isg ls%hd;aul lrkq ,ef' fuu wf.S rsh
flda ixLHd; m%xY ck;djf.a muKla fkdj iuia; hqfrdamd
rgj,u ck;djf.a myiqj i,ld cuksfha iagqj.d k.rh
fj;;a" fn,ahf n%i,aia k.rh fj;;a" iamd[a[fha ue
k.rh fukau ndisf,dakd k.rh fj;;a" b;d,sfha ,dka k.rh
fj;;a" iai,ka;fha iQ k.rh fj;;a Odjkh lrkq ,ef' m%xYfha meia kqjr isg uyd
%;dkHfha ,kavka k.rhg bx.%Sis vh (English Channel) Tiafia .uka .kakd kHIal n,fhka
l%shdlrk wf.S rsh fiajdj Euro star kka ls%hd;aul f'

kHIal n,fhka l%shdlrk iuerSk i|yd wjYH Yla;sh ,nd

fokqfha imS; c, m%;sls%hdldrlhlsks (Pressurized Water
Reactor - PWR&' kHIal bkaOk jk hqfksh" Yd, f,i
idkaKh jQ Yla;s m%Njhla neka kHIal n,fhka l%shdlrk
iuerSkhla tla jrla bkaOk mqrjd .;a l, ls ' 640"000
muK rla .uka l, yelsh' Mk fujeks iuerSkhla jir 25
la muK jk ;u cS; ld,h mqrdu bkaOk mqrjd .; hq;af;a
tla jrla muKs' fjdfha we;s b;d wl cjh ksid b;d by<
f.hlska je ld,hla .uka l< yelsh' j;udkfha fujeks iuerSk id.r im;a .fIKhg
fukau wdrl lghq;= i|yd o fhdod .kq ,ef'

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

m<uqjk l,dmh

12

ld,Sk'''

kHIal n,fhka l%shdlrk w;sYd, kdl hd;%d (Nuclear

powered aircraft carriers) u; .=jka hdkd 60 la fyda
fy,sfldmag hdkd 150 la muK keje;aug myiql we;'
kHIal n,fhka l%shdlrk w;sYd, kdl hd;%d kEu
id.rhla ueo lD;Su jrdhla n f' Bg iu.dj .=jka hdkd
by< kexug;a" my<g neiai ug;a iqiq Odjk m:hlska
tajd iuka; jk w;r kHIal imS; c, m%;sls%hdldrl
(Pressurized Water Reactor - PWR) follska l%shd;aul f'
fuu kdl hd;%dj,g kej; f.dvug fkdmeK osk 75
- 90 la muK id.rh ueo wLKavj l%shd;aul ug yelshdj
we;'
kHIal n,fhka l%shdlrk w;sYd, kdl hd;%d wefursld tlai;a ckmoh" tlai;a rdcOdksh"
m%xYh" reishdj" kh" n%iS,h" b;d,sh" cmdkh" ol=Kq fldhdj" iamd[a[h iy bkaoshdj hk rgj,a
i;=f' j;udkfha fujeks kdl hd;%d yis wdmod wjia:dj, iyk fiajd iemhSug iy wdrl
lghq;= i|yd o fhdod .kq ,ef'

kHIal n,fhka l%shdlrk whsia lvk kdl hd;%do

(Nuclear Powered Ice breakers)imS; c, m%;sls%hdldrl
hlska (Pressurized Water Reactor - PWR) l%shd;aul f'
fuu kdl hd;%d idod we;af;a fYaIfhkau whsia ;gq
j,ska jeiS we;s id.rj, hd;%d lsughs' YS; iD;+foS
W;a;r O%ejh;a" w;a,ka;sla id.rh;a wdY%s; uqyq
ud.j, Yd, whsia ;gq iEfoa' f ksid fjf<|"
ixpdrl yd wdrl lghq;= i|yd ksr;jk kdl hd;%dj,g wod, uqyq ud. wjysr jkq we;' tjeks
wjia:dj, kHIal n,fhka l%shdlrk whsia lvk kdl hd;%d >klu we;s whsia ;gq u; oe
mSvkhla t,a, fldg tajd h lr ykq ,ef'
fuu kdl hd;%d j,g w 8la muK >klu whsia ;gq we;s uqyq ud. j, mjd mehg lsf,da gr
19 l muK f.fhka .uka l< yelsh' f wkqj kHIal n,fhka l%shdlrk whsia lvk kdl
hd;%d j, uq,sl ldh k fjf<|" ixpdrl yd wdrl lghq;= i|yd ksr;jk kdl hd;%dj,g
wod< uqyq ud. iqrs;j Nd; lsrSug wjYH myiql i,id oSuhss'

u,skao rKr
;dlaIK iyldr
^lsrK msrsieliq wxYh&
mrudKql Yla;s wldh

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

m<uqjk l,dmh

13

wfma oHdfhda

lsrKYS,S;dj
fidhd.;a fyka
fnlr,a
uy;d"
1852
foien
ui 15 jk osk
meisfha oS Wm;
,eh' 1878 jif
oS"
26
yersos
;reK
fykars
fnlr,a" m%xYfha
Natural History
fl!;=ld.drfha
iydhlfhl= f,i fiajhg nek w;r tysoS Tyq
fN!;sl oHdj ms<sn`o uydpdhjrfhl= jQ Tyqf.a
mshd iu. O mfhaIK lghq;= j, kshe,qKs'
tys m%;sM,hla f,i jir 10 lg miqj tk 1888
jif oS fnlr,a Tyqf.a wdpdh Wmdh ,nd
.kakd ,oS' ;u uq;a;Kqjkaf.a iy mshd f.a
wmdf hka Tyq o 1892 oS Natural History
fl!;=ld.drfha fN!;sl oHdj ms<sn uydpdh
jrhd njg m;ah'

lrk ,oS' meyeos,s ld,.=Khla we;s oskhl Tyq

h,s fuh bj;g .;a g ;yvqj u; meyeos,s
m%;sNhla igykaj ;sfnkq oel u;hg
m;ah'
ta wkqj wdf,dalh fkdue;sjo hqfksh wvx.=
iaMl lene,a,lg PdhdrEm ;yvqjla u; tys
m%;sNh igyka lsrSug yels nj fnlr,a iska
wkdjrKh lrk ,oS' Tyq tf,i f,djg ykajd
kafka lsrKYS,S;djhhs'
Tyqf.a fidhd.ekSu b;d f.fhka m%p,s; jQ
w;r fuu ixisoah ms<sn|j Tyq ;jrg;a
wOHhk lghq;= j, kshe,qKs'
ta wkqj 1899 jifoS
pqNl
lafIa;%hla
u.ska
W;al%uKhla
fmkajk fuu lsrK
oHq;a wdfrdams; wxY=
j,ska iuka; jk
nj fidhd .eksKs'
fuu
fY%aIaG
oHd{hd 55 jeks
fha oS tk 1908 oS
m%xYfha oS fuf,dj
yer .sfhah'

1896 jif fmnrjd ui tla;rd oskhl oS Tyq

iQhdf,dalhg ksrdjrKh jQ hqfksh wka;.;
iaMl ^fmdgEish hqfks,a i,af*a& fhdod
.kska mfhaIKhlg uq,mqrk ,oS' tys oS Tyq
m%udKj;a ;r ysrelsrK iaMl u; m;s; ug
ie,eiafuka miqj tAjd PdhdrEm ;yvqjla u;
;nk ,oS'
tysoS Tyq wfmalaId l< mrsosu iaMlfha
m%;sNsNh ;yvqj u; igyka ;snqKs'
fnlr,af.a l,ams;h jQfha hqfksh iaMl
u.ska wjfYdaIKh lr.;a iQh Yla;sh X- lsrK
f,i uqod yer we;s njhs'
kuq;a j,dl= wl ld,.=Kh ksid tys bosrs
mfhaIK lghq;= osk lsysmhlska mud lsrSug
isjqKs' f fya;=fjka Tyq PdhdrEm ;yvqj iu
hqfksh iaMlh l meye;s fros lene,a,lska
wdjrKh lr Tyqf.a fi ,dpqf ;ekam;a

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

ioHd chjOk
oHd;aul ks<OdkS ^ffcjoHd wxYh&
mrudKql Yla;s wldh

m<uqjk l,dmh

14

wfma oHdfhda

lsrKYS,S;dj ms<sn mqfrda.d oHd{jhl jQ ud lshqrs

1867 fkdjen ui 07 jk osk fmda,ka;fha fjdfid kqjr oS
Wm; ,eh' fkdfn,a ;Hd.h ,o m%:u ldka;dj fukau lafIa;%
folla ^fN!;sl oHdj yd ridhk oHdj& Wfoid fkdfn,a
;Hd. ,o tlu ldka;djo wehhs' tfukau meia Yaj oHd,fha
m%:u uydpdhjrsh jQfhao wehhs'
uq,a wjosfha oS udrs lshqrs yd wef.a iehd jk mshrs lshqrs fjka
fjka jYfhka O mfhaIK lghq;= j, kshe,sKs' ,afy,a
frdkacka iska fidhd .;a X-lsrK j,g jvd j, lsrKhla
hqfksh u.ska ksl=;a lsrSug yels nj m%xY oHd{hl= jQ fykars
fnlr,a wkdjrKh lsrSu;a iu Tyqf.a tu mfhaIKhka
ms<sn wukaodkkaohg m;a udrs lshqrs" fnlr,af.a lghq;=
;j rg;a bosrshg f.k hka wehf.au mfhaIK lghq;= j,
kshe,sKs' fuys m%;sM,hla f,i hqfksh u.ska ksl=;a jk
lsrK uQ,jHfha kHIal jHqyh u; mok jk njg ks.ukh
lrk ,oS' fuu ma,h woyi mrudKql fN!;sl oHdj
ksudKh lsrSug fya;= h' fuu ixisoahg lsrKYS,S;dj f,i ud lshq iska fhdackd lrk
,oS'udrs lshqrsf.a mfhaIK lghq;= i|yd miqj mshqrs lshqrs o mQK ld,Skj iyfhda.h oelafuka
1898 jif oS Tjqka kj lsrKYS,S uQ,jHla fidhd .kakd ,oS' LKscuh jHhla jk mSf,ka
fhdod .kska fidhd .;a fuu uQ,jHh udrs lshqrsf.a Wmka rg jk fmda,ka;h w.hka
fmdf,daksh (Po) f,i k lrk ,os' fuu mrSlaIKfha m%;sM,hla f,i ;j;a kj lsrKYS,S
jHhla fidhd .kq ,enqKq w;r th fh (Ra) f,i k lrk ,os' jI 1902 oS fh hkq
ixY=oaO uQ,jHla njg Tjqka ;yjqre lrk ,oS'
lsrKYS,S;d ixisoah ksrdjrKh lsrSu i`oyd bgqlrk ,o ldhNdrh fjkqfjka 1903 jif oS
udrs lshqrs" mshrs lshqrs yd fykars fnlr,a fN!;sl oHdj i`oyd fkdfn,a ;Hd.fhka ms ,oy'
fh yd fmdf,daksh keue;s uQ,jH fidhd .ekSu w.hka jI 1911 oS wehg ridhk oHdj
i`oyd fkdfn,a ;Hd.h ys h'
miq l,l udrs lshqrs" we,an whskaiaghska yd uelaia ma,dkala jeks fY%aIaG oHd{hka iu. tlaj o
lghq;= lr kk fN!;sl oHdf fidhd .ekS i|yd buy;a f,i odhl jQjdh' 1914 m<uq f,dal
hqO iufha udrs lshqrs" wef.a ld,h yd im;a lem lrka wf;a /f.k hdyels X-lsrK hka;%
(Portable X-ray Machines) hqoaO N+hg y`kajd fok ,oS' fuu WmlrK ,s,a lshqrs hk wkaj:
kdufhka ye`oskaKs'
;jo weh fh ,oS .ekSug;a fmda,ka;fha fjdfida kqjr fh mfhaIK wdh;khla
ia:dms; lsrSug;a wjYH wruqo,a /ialsug tlai;a ckmofha iydh ,nd.;a;dh' os.= ld,Skj
wkdrlaIs; f,i lsrK j,g ksrdjrKh u fya;=fjka weh aplastic anemia k frda.hg
wjdikdjka; f,i f.dre jI 1934 cQ,s 4 osk h .shdh'
nqoa risxy
oHd;aul ks<OdkSS ^kskdYl mrSlaIK wxYh&
mrudKql Yla;s wldh

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

m<uqjk l,dmh

15

ld,Sk

kHIal n,d.dr wk;=rl ,laIKh jkafka fndfyda g

wk;=frys n,mEu tys mY%hg muKla iSud fkd foaYiSud
udhs j,ska Tng o .uka lsuhs' tu ksid wi,ajeis
rgj,a j,o we;s h yels kHIal wk;=re j,g m%;spdr
oelaf jev igyka l%shd;aul lrhs

kHIal Yla;sh ,sh W;amdokhg fhdod .ekSu

1950 oYlfha isgu l%shd;aul fjka mj;S'
f,dalfha iuia; ,s n, W;amdokfhka 17] la
muK kHIal Yla;sh u.ska imhd .kS' f i|yd
kHIal m%;sl%shdldrl 436 la muK rgj,a 31 l
l%shd;aul f' wmf.a wi,a jeis bkaoshdf o
kHIal m%;sl%shdldrl 20 la f jk g
l%shd;aulhs' ka kj;u kHIal n,d.drh jkafka
ol=Kq bkaoshdf ;,akdvq m%dka;fha l=vkal=, ys
msysgqjd we;s kHIal n,d.dr ixlSKhhs' fuys
fu.d fjd 1000 lska iuka; kHIal
m%;sl%shdldrl folla bos lr we;s w;r bka tlla
f jk g ,sh W;amdokh wdrN lr we;'
l=vkal=, kHIal n,d.dr ixlSrKh YS% ,xldjg
jhU foiska l,amsh m%foaYhg ls'' 220 la muK
ngysrska msysgd we;'
kHIal n,d.dr hkq mir ys;ld ,sn,
W;amdol hehs oHd;aulj ikd: lr we;s kuq;a"
f,daljdiS ck;djf.ka fndfyda fofkla ta
flfrys wkjYH hla olajhs' Bg fya;=j jkafka
fojk f,dal hqO iufha cmdkfha ysfrdaIsud yd
kd.idls k.rj, mqmqrd .sh kHIal fndan iy
cmdkh" hqlafkh yd wfuldj jeks rg j, is
jQ kHIal n,d.dr wk;=reh'
tfy;a fy,k ,o kHIal fndan u.ska Yd,
m%foaYhla kdY .sh o kHIal n,d.dr wk;=re
u.ska is jQ ydksh idfmalaIj iq nj f;dr;=re
Yaf,aYKfhaoS fmkS hhs' j;udkfhys ls%hd;aul
lrkq ,nk kHIal m%;sl%shdldrl b;d oe
wdrlaIl yd wk;=re ksjdrK moaO;Skaf.ka
iuka; jk neka kHIal n,d.dr wk;=rla is
h yels iNd;dj b;d w,amh' tfia jqj;a
fujeks wk;=rla fldhs fudfydf;a fyda fld;ekl
is f oehs lsisjl=gj;a lsj fkdyelsh' tneka
kHIal n,d.dr Nd;d lrk ish,qu rgj,a
kHIal wk;=re j<lajd .ekSug;a tjeks wk;=rla
is jqjfyd;a bka isjk ydksh wju lr .ekSug;a
jevigyka ls%hd;aul lrkq ,nhs'

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

kHIal n,d.drhl ,sh n,h ckkh lrkafka

hqfksh-235
iuia:dkslfhka
fmdfydi;a
kHIal bkaOk md,kh l< ;;a;aj hgf;a
kHIal LKavk m%;sls%hdjlg (Nuclear Fission)
Ndckh lrjd bka ksl=;a jk ;dm Yla;sh u.ska
c,h jdIamSlrKh lr imS; c, jdIam u.ska
gnhskhla lrljd tu.ska fckfgrhla l%shd
lrfuks' kHIal LKavk m%;sls%hdj fYaIs; jQ
fldajla ;=, is flfrk b;d ixlSK jQ
m%;sl%shdjls' fuu`.ska ksl=;a jk wl Yla;shg
wu;rj w;=re M, f,i Yd, m%udKhla kHIal
LKavl fldgia (Fission Fragments) cks; f'
fuu LKavl fldgia w lsrKYS,s ;djhlska
hqla;
jk
w;r
m%;sl%shdj
wjidkfha
m%;sls%hdldrlfhka bj;a lr iqrlaIs;j .nvd lr
;nd .kS' kHIal m%;sl%shdldrlhla b;d m%Yia;
wkaoka l%shd l<o" lsish fya;=jlska m%;sl%shdj
md,kh lr .; fkdyelsj fyda isis,k moaO;s
l%shd rys; ulska fyda tys kHIal LKavl
fldgia ndysr mirhg uqiq jqj fyd;a th
kHIal wk;=rla f,i ye|ska f'

kHIal wk;=rlska miqj jdhq f.da,hg uqod

yefrk lsrKYS,S wxY+ka iq<x u.ska is hk
w;r tAjd fmdf<dj" .y fld< yd cSka u;
m;s; jk whqre'

m<uqjk l,dmh

16

ld,Sk'''

kHIal wk;=rlska msg jk

lsrKYS,S wxY+ka fyda tajdhska
msglrk lsrK wmf.a
mxfkashkag f.dapr fkdf'
cmdkfha *ql=Isud n,d.dr wk;=foS is jQfha
tys isis,k moaO;sh l%shd rys; u ksid
wNHka;r msmsula is kHIal LKavl
fldgia jdhqf.da,hg yd id.rhg uqodyerSuls'
jdhqf.da,hg uqod yefrk lsrKYS,S wxY+ka iq<x
u.ska is hk w;r tAjd fmdf<dj" c,dY"
f.dvke.s,s" .ia je,a yd cSka u; m;s; f'

we;e g tajd fndfyda r .uka lr fmdf<dj

u; m;s; w lsrKYS,S m%foaY we;s lrhs'
fuys m%;sM,hla f,i tA wjg ksik
q a we;=
cSka lsrK j,g ksrdjrKh f' fufia
lsrK j,g ksrdjrKh u ksid ksiqka O
fi!LH .eg j,g Ndckh h yelsh'

kHIal wdmod mQj oekq oSf moaO;sh

lsish fya;=jla ksid
mdirsl lsrK
ugu by, .sh
fyd;a tA nj
mrudKql Yla;s
wldfha msysgqjd
we;s md,l
uOHia:dkfha
laIKslj igyka f'

l=vkal=,
n,d.drfha
is
h yels kHIal
wk;=rloS
th
msysgd we;s r
wkqj Y%S ,xldjg
thska is h yels
n,mEu b;d iq
nj tu lafIa;%fha
fYaI{hka iska
;yjqre lr we;'

kHIal wdmodjka ykd .ekSu i|yd;a" y`kd

.;a jydu m%;spdr olajk lKavdh oekqj;a
lsrSu i|yd;a" kHIal wdmod mQj oekq oSf
moaO;shla (Nuclear Disaster Early Warning System)
f jk g y`kd .;a ia:dk lsysmhl ia:dms;
lr we;
fuh iajhxl%Shj l%shd;aul jk" lsrK
wkdjrl wglska iuka; wLKavj mdirsl
lsrK ug uksk WmlrK moaO;shls'

tfia jQj;a" mrudKql Yla;s wldh u.ska

uyck;dj tjeks kHIal wk;=rlska wdrlaId
lr .ekSu i|yd fmr iQodk f yd m%;spdr
oelaf jev igykla l%shdjg kxjd we;'

iajhxl%Shj
l%shd;aul jk
lsrK wkdjrl
wglska iuka;
moaO;sh

kHIal wdmod mQj

oekq oSf moaO;sh'

bosfhaoS fuu wkdjrl ixLHdj ;j;a je

lsug mrudKql Yla;s wldh mshjr f.k
we;'

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

m<uqjk l,dmh

17

ld,Sk'''

mdrsirsl iajdNdl lsrKYs,S ug uekSu

;jo kHIal wdmodjla fya;=fjka mdirsl
lsrKYS,S;djh by<
.sh fyd;a th
fldmuK m%udKhlska by< .sfhao hkak oek
.ekSu Bg m%;spdr oelau i`oyd w;HjYH
idOlhls' f i|yd mdil iajNdl
lsrKYS,S ugu uekSu fyj;a iajNdl
lsrKYS,S mdou o;a; uekSu uq osjhsk u
wdjrKh jk mos ia:dk 100 l is lr we;'

fmdf<dj u; we;s
lsrKYS,S;dj uekSu

Y%s ,xldj mqrd o;a;

,nd .;a ia:dk

kHIal wdmodjlg m%;spdr oelau

kHIal wdmodjka i|yd m%;spdr oelau ish fokdgu l< fkdyelsh' f i|yd oHd;aul yd
;dlaIKsl oekqu fukau ukd m,mqreoao w;HdjYHh'
mrudKql Yla;s wldh iska lsrKfoS ;lafiarelrejka jYfhka oHd;aul yd ;dlaIKsl
ks,Odka o" m<uq m%;spdr olajkakka jYfhka fmd,sia yd ;%sO yuqod ks<Odka o mqyqKq lsu is lr
we;' tfukau Yaj oHd, lldpdhjreka ;dlaIKsl ks,Odka" mdie,a .=rejreka yd mdie,a isiq
orejkaf.a o iydh f ldhh i|yd odhl lr .ekSug Tjqka mqyqKq lsu o wdrN lr we;'

mdie,a .=rejreka yd isiq orejkaf.a

iydh f i|yd odhl lr .ekS
msKsi mqyqKq lsu'

m<uq m%;spdr olajk wh f,i

fmd,sish iy ;%sO yuqod
ks<Odka mqyqKq lsu'

mrudKql Yla;s wldfha

oHd;aul yd ;dlaIKsl
ks,Odka i|yd fYaI mqyqKqj

fujeks wdmodjloS" ishu rdcH wdh;k iyfhda.Sj lghq;= lsu msKSi kHIal wdmod fmr iQodk
f yd m%;spdr oelaf cd;sl ie,iqulao f jk g flgq m;a lr we;' ishu wdmodjka j,ska
uyck;djg is h yels ydksh wju lr .ekSu i|yd rdcH ugka fYaI wkq.%yhla olajh'

fuysoS kHIal wdmodjka i|yd m%;spdr oelau msKsi mrudKql Yla;s wldh iska ie,iq lrk
,o ;dlaIKsl WmlrK , oS .ekSu i|yd muKla rch iska remsh,a ,shk mkylg wl uqo,la
fjka lr we;' ;jo Y%S ,xldj" cd;Hka;r mrudKql Yla;s ksfhdacs;dh;kfha idudcsl rgla jk
neka fuu jevigyk i`oyd tu wdh;kh ;dlaIKsl fuj, ,ndoSu" mqoa.,hka mqyqKq lsu wdoS
;dlaIKsl iydh ,nd oSu wLKavj is lrhs'
wkqreoaO ch,;a
ksfhdacH wOHlaI ^lsrK wdrlaIK yd fr.=,dis wxYh&
mrudKql Yla;s wldh

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

m<uqjk l,dmh

18

.fYK

uehs isg iema;en olajd ,efnk

ks; . fudai jeiai;a" foien isg
fmnrjd olajd ,efnk Bidk .
fudai jeiai;a wmg n,mdk m%Odk
jeis f' Bg wu;rj jif m<uq wka;
fudaiu ud;= isg wfm%a,a olajd ld,h
;=,o fojk wka; fudaiu Tlaf;dan
isg fkdjen olajd ld,h ;=< o
,efnk nj wms oksuq
f nj ikd: lsug wjYH uqs; iy oHq;a udOH
m%ldYk nyq,j we;' Bg fyd|u ksoiqkla f,i Y%S
,xldf ld<.=K oHd fomd;fka;=f fj
wvhg Tn msish fyd;a wmg n,mdk fudai
rgd .ek f;dr;=re Tng wjfndaO lr .; yelsh'
wm mdi,a wjosfha yeoEref o by; i|yka ld,
jljdkqj, we;sjk tu jeis ms<sn|jh'
f
ms<sn|j
mrudKql
Yla;s
wldfha
iuia:dksl c,oHd wxYfha ks<Odka iska
miq.sh jir lsysmh ;=< lrk ,o mrSlaIK j,oS
wm rgg n,mdk jeis rgd ms<sn| kj;u f;dr;=re
wkdjrKh lr f.k we;' Tjqka f i`oyd
Wmfhda.S lr f.k we;af;a kHIAl ;dlaIK
l%ufohls' tA wkqj Tjqka jId c, wKq j,
ia:dhs uQ,jH iuia:dksl jk Tlaiscka-18 ^18 &
iy hqh ^2H& ixfhdackh tla tla ld,
jljdkq ;=< flfia yeisfo hkak ms<sn|j
wOHhkh lr we;' fuys fuu f;dr;=re
wkdjrKh lsu i|yd fld<U kd.l m%foaYh
wdYs%; j jir 5 la uq,af,a /ialr.;a o;a; iy

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

jir 2la uq,af,a uOHu" W;=re ueo iy

kef.kysr m<d;a wdY%s; j ia:dk 20 lska
,nd.;a o;a; Wmfhda.S lr" tfia fidhd.;a
lreKq wkqj m<uq wka; fudaiu ud;= isg
uehs olajd > we;s nj;a" ks;. fudaiu
cQks isg iema;en olajd wvqld, mfPaohl
n, meje;afjk nj;a ;yjqre we;' tneka
fuf;la m%ldYhg m;alr we;s jId
rgdjkaf.a ld,mfo kej; idlPdjg
nka l< hq;=j we;'
iaf%,shdj wdY%s; id.r m%foaYj,g by,ska
yg .kakd c, jdIam wm%sldkq uydoamh
wdY%s;j we;s uev.ialrhg by,ska f.dia
bkahka ihqr mSrd ngysr foiska ,xldjg
we;=,a u u.ska ks; . fudai jeiai ,ef'
fuys uqyq c,hg wdfksl iuia:dksl
w.hka nyq,j jId c,fha oelsh yelsh'
fudxf.da,shdjg by,ska mgka .kakd c, jdIam
bkahka Wm uyoamhg by,ska yud ;a
fnx.d, fndlal wdYs%; uqyqfoa myio ,en
Bidk foiska wm rgg we;=,a foien isg
fmnrjd olajd jQ ld,h ;=< wmg Bidk os.
fudai jeiai ,nd foa' tys iuia:dksl ixhq;sh
bkahdkq Wm uydoam f.dv m%foaYj,g
wdfksl iy fnx.d, fndlal wdY%s; uqyqog
wdfKsl jQ iuia:dksl ixhq;sfha w.hka j,
ixl,khla f,i meye,sj ykd.; yelsh'
fufia wmg ,efnk ksrs; os. yd Bidk .
fudai jeis j, c, iuia:dksl ixhq;ska
mrSlaId lsrSfoS tu w.hka yd;amiskau fjkia
nj y`kd f.k we;'

m<uqjk l,dmh

19

.fYK
wka; fudai jeis we;sf .x.d" we, fod, yd
c,dY jeks c, m%Njhkaf.a jdIamSlrKh;a" mfiys
r|d mj;sk c,h jdIamSlrKh;a fya;=fjka
j,dl= we;s f ojfia Woh jref isjk by;
l%shdj,sh ksid ijia ld,fha oS ;o jeis we;s f
fuh wka; fudai ld, jljdkqj ;=< pl%hla
f,i is f
fuu c, jdIamhkaf.a pl%SlrKh fya;=fjka
jeiafia we;s iuia:dksl ixhq;sh m%Odk fudai
rgdfjka fjkia u w.hla .kS ;jo fnx.d,
fndlafla we;s jk iq<s l=Kdgq j, n,mEu fojk
wka; fudai jIdjg muKla n,mdk nj o
ikd: we;' fuu iq<s l=Kdgq wdY%s; iuia:dksl
w.hka m<uq wka; fudai jeiafia oelsh
fkdyelsh'

fuu mfhaIK lghq;= ;jrg;a is lsu u.ska

bfha we;sjk ld,.=K mhdi ms<sn|
wjYHjeo.;a f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lr .; yels
jkq we;.

;jo fuu jId rgdjkaf.a O fjkia

iy yeis wm rfgys N+ .; c, moaO;shg
n,mdk wdldrh ms<sno wOHhk lghq;=
iuia:dksl c,oHd wxYh u.ska f jk g;a
wrUd we;' wkd.;fha ksidf.a mfNdackhg
iqiq c,h fidhd .ekSu wiSre lreKla jk
njg j;udkfha c,h wdY%s;j Woa.; we;s
wnqoldrs ;;a;ajh uYK j,oS wjfndaO
we;' fuu mfhaIKj,oS fidhd .kq ,nk
jeo.;a lreKq ld,.=Kh iy c,h ms<sno j.lsj
hq;= wdh;k fj; ,nd u wmf.a wruqKhs

c, wKqjla iEoS we;af;a Tlaiscka-16 ^16O& mrudKqjla yhsv%cka ^1H& mrudKq folla
[1H16O1H] iu inkaO fuks. tfy;a Tlaiscka j, iuia:dkslhla jk Tlaiscka18 ^18O& iy yhsv%ckaj, iuia:dkslhla jk hqh ^2H& iuia:dkslhka wvx.= c,
wKq o we;' WyrK f,i [1H18O1H], [1H18O2H], [2H18O2H], [1H16O2H] iy
[2H16O2H] f' fuysoS Tlaiscka-16 ^16O& iy yhsv%cka ^1H& iys; c, wKq iu.
iei|Sfos Tlaiscka-18 ^18O& iy hqh ^2H& iuia:dkslhka iys; c, wKq o b;d
w,amj mj;S

iuia:dksl c,oHd wxYh

fuu Tlaiscka-18 ^18O& iy hqh ^2H& iuia:dkslhka iys; c, wKq j, ialkaOfha

jeu ksid jdIamSlrKh, >KSNjkh yd irKh ^c, jdIam tla ;ekl isg ;j
;eklg .uka lsu& jeks l%shdj,Skays oS idudkHh c, wKq j,g jvd fjkia jQ wdldr
j,ska l%shd lrhs f ksid ksrs; os." Bidk os. yd wka; fudai fya;= fldg wm rgg
,efnk jIdf we;s Tlaiscka-18 ^18O& iy hqh ^2H& ixhq;Ska tlsfklska fjkia
f fuu fjkia jQ iuia:dksl ixhq;Ska mok lr tu c, jdIamhkaf.a uQ,drNh
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ksid ksrdjrKh jk lsrK m%udKhka uekSu

lsrK;sh f' tA i|yd Nd;d l< yels jvd ksjeros
lsrK;sl l%uhla f,i ffcjud;%d;sh (Biodosimetry&
ykdf.k we;

ksidf.a
m%fksl
f;dr;=re
wka;.;
jk DNA yd
fm%dak j,ska
iuka; jQ
jHqyhls'

lsrK j,g ksrdjrKh u ksid ksia

isref ffi, ;=, we;s jK foayj,
laIq kHIahla
fjkia is f' ffcjud;%d;sl
l%ufofha
uQ,sl moku jkafka tu
jK .kajk ,o laIq kHIahla
fjkia u Wmfhda.S lr f.k ksia isrer
wdf,dal wkalaIhla ;=,ska
ksrdjrKh jQ lsrK ud;%dj ksKh
osiajk whqre
lsrSuhs' f i`oyd kk ;dCIKsl
l%ufohka Nd; lrkq ,ef' fuysoS isrer
mqrd ixirKh jk rerfha nyq,ju we;s
ffi, j.hla jk jid ffi, fhdod
.kq ,ef'
ksia isref we;s jid ffi, uq isrer
mqrdu ksrka;rfhka ixirKh jk neka
lsish mqoa.,fhl=f.a isref fldgilg
fyda uq isrergu we;= jQ lsrK m%udKh
ms<sn| ksjeros ;lafiarejla ,nd oSug
fuu.ska yelshdj ,e we;'

wdf,dal wkalaIh fhdod f.k

jKfoay ksrSlaIKh lsrSu

fuu l%ufofha ksrjoH;djg mqoa., lsrK;sl l%ufha ^Personal Dosimetry& ksjoH;djg jvd
je f' thg fya;=j mqoa., lsrK;sl l%ufha Nd;d lrk lsrK udml u.ska ukskq ,nkafka
tu udml ksrdjrKh jQ lsrK m%udKh muKla jk neks'
tlaoyia kjish yef oYlfha f,djg ykajd ka l%ufohla jk ffcjud;%d;sl l%ufoh Y%S
,xldjg ykajdfokq ,enqf 2010 oS cd;Hka;r mrudKql Yla;s ksfhdacs;dh;kh isks' f i`oyd
wjYH kk ;dCIKsl WmlrKj,ska iuka; oHd.drhla ^Biodosimetry Lab& le<Ksh Yaj
oHd,fha rd.u ffjoH mSGfha ia:dms; lr we;'
uE; oYl lsysmhl ld,h ;=, kHIal ;dCIKh Nd;d lsrSu osfkka osk by< hka mj;sk neka
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21

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wdydr jH j, laIq cSka kdY lsu" wdydr

l,a;nd .ekSu yd kj ldl wuqjH ksIamdokh
jeks oE i|yd .eud m%lsrK ;dlaIKh nyq,j fhdod
.kS' ta wkqj rgl iudc wdl oshqKqfjys,d .eud
m%lsrK hka;%d.drhl ldh Ndrh buy;ah.

.eud m%lsrK hka;%d.dr" f,dj mqrd rgj,a Yd, m%udKhl ffjoH WmlrK cSjdKqyrKh" l+nvq jeks
;jo f wdY%s;j kj ludka; weru;a iu. kj /lshd wjia:do ys we;' fulS m%;s,dN w;a lr
.ekSu i|yd Y% ,xld mrudKql Yla;s wldh nyq ldh .eud m%lsrK hka;%d.drhla" Y%S ,xld .eud
uOHia:dkh kka h.u wdfhdack m%jOk l,dmh ;=, ia:dmkh lr id:lj tys lghq;= lrf.k
hhs' fuu nyq ldh .eud m%lsrK hka;%d.drh ia:dmkh lsrSu ioyd Y%S ,xld rch remsh,a ,shk 760
lg wdikak uqo,la ho lr we;'

fuu hka;%d.drh ia:dmkh lsrSfuka wm rgg ,efnk iqfYaI jdis

.eud m%lsrK ;dlaIKh w;HdjYH jk ludka; rg ;=, ys u
.eud m%lsrK myiqlu Wmfhda.s lrf.k foia wdfhdaclhkag
rg ;=, wdfhdack wjia:d we;s lsru
f jk g cSjdKqyrKh fkdlr wmkhkh lrk NdKav
cSjdKqyrKh lr wmkhkh lsrSu uska tajdg je jkdlula
tl;= lsrSu yd tu.ska rgg foaY ksuh b;s lr .ekSug yels u
oekg ffjoH lafIa;%h ;=, Nd; jk WmlrKj, cSjdKqyrK lsrSu
oekg cSjdKqyrKh ioyd Nd;d lrk ydkslr ridhk jH Nd;h
ludka; lafIa;%fhka ;=rka lsrSu yd tu.ska mrsirhg tl;= jk
ridhksl wm jH Yd, f,i wvq lsrSu
rn j,alkhsia lsrSu jeks .=Kd;aul Ndjfhka jes wuqjH ksmou
l=vd yd uOH mrsudK jHjidhlhska yg .eud m%lsrK ;dlaIKh
wdY%s; ludka; werug os .ekau
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jkdlula ,nd .; yelsu

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22

wdl

lDIsldl ksIamdok ie,lSfoS

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foaYsh fjf<o fmd< lrd we;s ux udj;a jeiS hdu is we;' f fya;+j
ksid foaYSh f.dhd yg ,efnk wdodhu o wvq we;' tfy;a .eud
m%lsrKh u.ska wxl+rKh kj;d,sh yels jk w;r laIqcSjyrKh yd
lD jOkh kj;d,Su u.ska b;d fydo ;;ajfha lDIs ksIamdok foaYSh yd
foaYSh fj<o fmd< lrd fhduq lsrSf yelshdj fuu.ska ,efnkq we;'

w, yd EKq jeks oE j,
wxl+rKh u .eud m%lsrKh
u.ska ke;s l< yels jk w;r
tu.ska f.dhdg ;u wiajekak
l,a ;nd .; yel'

wdydr l,a ;nd .ekSu ioyd o .eud m%lsrK ;dlaIKh fhdod .kS' Y%S
,xldf ksmojd wmkhkh lrk l=nvq jeks wdydr jH we;e hqfrdamSh
rgj,ays oS m%lsrKh lr m%;s wmkhkh u.ska w;rueoshka je uqo,la
Wmhd .kS' tjeks l=nvq jeks wdydr jH Y%S ,xldfoS u m%lsrKh lsu u.ska tajdfha w.h je lr
wmkhkh lsu u.ska foaY ksuh rg ;=, rojd .; yels jkq we;'

ffjoH fa;%fhaoS
fujka hka;%d.drhla Y%S ,xldj ;+, ia:dmkh lsrSfuka Y%S ,dxlsl rn
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,nd.ekSug ukd msgqjy,la we;' ta wkqj oekg cSjdKqyrKh
lsrSulska f;drj wmkhkh lrkq ,nk rn w;a jeiq i`oyd oekg ,nd
.kakd jkdlu fuka 400] .=Khl jkdlula ,nd .; yelsh' ;jo
ffjoH lafIa;%h ;=< Nd;d jk WmlrK jk tkak;a isrskac" ;=jd,
jeiq" le;Sg yd fia,hska jeks oE foaYsh jYfhka wm rg ;=,u
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ksIamdokh lr .eud m%lsrKh lsfuka je jkdlulska hq;a ffjoH
ffjoH
rn w;a jeiq yd
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ka jeks oE .eud
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cSjdKqyrKh l< yel'
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fn%dauhs udhkh i`oyd b;d fyd`o wdfoaYlhla f,i .eud m%lsrKh y`kajd osh yelsh

wm hka;%d.drfha .eud m%lsrKh i|yd Nd; lrkqfha fldfnda,a-60 lsrKYS,S iuia:dkslhhs'

wdrNl wjia:df lsrKYS,S m%Njfha Odrs;dj lsf,da lshq 250la jk mrsos ia:dmkh lr we;' tu
Odrs;dj u.ska .eud m%lsrK fiajd iemhSfuka uilg remsh,a 3"600"000 la muK wdodhula Wmhd.;
yels fj;ehs .Kka n,d we;' fuu hka;%d.drfhys Wmrsu Odrs;dj lsf,da lshqrs 3000 olajd ie,iq lr
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fujka hka;%d.drhla Y%S ,xldj ;+, ia:dmkh lsrSfuka bosrsfhaoS Y%S ,dxlsl ksIamdok j, .+Kd;aulNdjh
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cSjdKqyrs; ffjoH WmlrK wdkhkfha oS jeh jk foaY ksuh rg ;+, rojd .; yels jkq we;
iuka;d l=,;=x.
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mrudKql Yla;s wldh

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23

fl mqj;a'''

;j wjqre follska muK m%jdyk fCIa;%fha fmr<shla

we;s lsrSug kHIal Yla;sfhka Odjkh jk fudag
r:hla fjf<| fmd<g ykajd oSug weursldkq iud.ula
jk f,ai mj isiag ^Laser Power system& wdh;kh
lghq;= lrka ishs'
fuh mir ys;ld fudag r:hla jk w;r th tkacsug n,h ,nd oSug f;dah ^Th& kue;s
iajNdjfhka u wm mirfha mj;sk lsrKYS,S uQ, jHh Nd; lr f,ai lsrK ksmojk w;r tu
f,ai lsrK u.ska ;dm Yla;s ksmojhs' fuu ;dm Yla;sh u.ska c,h r;alr yqud,h njg m;a lrkq
,ef' yqud,h u.ska fudag r:h Odjkh lsug wjYH n,h ,nd fohs tu iud.f m%Odk ks,Odrshd
mjik mrsos f;dah ^Th& .%E 1 lska fmg%,a ,Sgr 28,000 lska ,nd .kakd Yla;sh ,nd .; yelsh'
tu ksid f;dah ^Th& .%E 8 lska ldrh mojkakdf.a cS; ld,h mqrdjgu ldrh Odjkh l<
yelsh' tk fudag r:fha bkaOk wjika ug m%:u fudag r:fha wdhq ld,h wjika f' fuu
fudag r:fha tkacsf nr wdikak jYfhka lsf,da .%E 227 muK fj;ehs .Kka n,d we;'
rd im;a
oHd;aul ks,Od ^Y%S ,xld .eud uOHia:dkh&
mrudKql Yla;s wldh

ludka; lafIa;%fha .=Kd;aulNdjh yd M,odhs;djh by<

kexu i|yd mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh iska kskdYl
mrSlaIK cd;sl uOHia:dkh wdrN lrk ,oS'
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fndhsf,are yd Yd, k< moaO;s hkdosfha m%;sh mrSlaId
lsrSu u.ska ish yels ydks yd wk;=re j<lajd f.k
M,odhs;dj je lsrSu yd wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lsrSu i`oyd
kskdYl mrSlaIK ;dlaIKh fhdod .kq ,ef'

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

Y%S ,xldf ludka; yd boslsrS

lafIa;%hkays is jk iS>% ixjOkh
iu`. tys .=Kd;aulNdjh jOkh
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,nd oSu i|yd cd;Hka;r ugf
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l,l isg bosrsm;aj ;snQ w;r
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mdG,S pmsl rKjl ue;s;=udf.a
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jHdmD;sfha lghq;= jvd;a f.j;a
lrk ,oS' fuu kskdYl mrSlaIK
cd;sl uOHia:dkh u.ska fiajd ,nd
oSu fuu jIh wjidkhg fmr
werug ksh;h'
't'wd f;kakfldaka

wOHlaI
kskdYl mrSlaIK cd;sl uOHia:dkh

m<uqjk l,dmh

24

fl mqj;a'''

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh" by; jevuqj fuu jif cq,s ui fld<U oS meje;ah' cd;Hka;r
mrudKql Yla;s ksfhdacs;dh;kfha wdishd l,dmh kHIal Yaf,aIK ;dlaIK jHdmD;sh uska
jd;fha IKh mqrd jia;= flfrys n,mdk wdldrh ms<sn`o jevuqj mj;ajk ,oS
fuu jevuqj i|yd cd;Hka;r mrudKql Yla;s kshfhdacs;dh;kfha idudcsl rgj,a 12 l
ksfhdacs;hska o" fuu fa;%fha kshq;= mrudKql Yla;s wldrsfha oFd;aul ks,Odka o" uOHu mrsir
wldrsh" fl!;=ld.dr fomd;fka;=j iy mqrdoHd fomd;fka;=j ksfhdackh lrka tys
ks,Odka o iyNd. jQy jevuqf im;a odhlhska jYfhka foaYSh fYaI{fhda ;sfofklao
iyNd. jQy'
jevuqf wdrNl ieisjdrfhaoS uq,a foaYKh mj;ajka" mrudKql Yla;s wldrsfha iNdm;s;=ud
ksfhdackh lrka idudkH oHd;aul wxYfha wOHlaI" isrs,a ldisf.a uy;d mejiqf klrKh"
ldllrKh" r:jdyk jeu ksid jd;fha IKh je we;s nj;a" th uyck fi!LHhg ydkslr
fukau fjk;a wksis m%;sM, o yg f.k we;s njh tu ksid jd;fha IKh wvqlr .eksug mshjr
.eku ld,Skj wjYH jk w;r kHIal ;dlaIKh Nd;h fuu ldhfhao b;d jeo.;a nj je
rg;a m%ldY lf<ah
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jia;= wdrlaId lsru cd;sl j.lSuls tA ms<sn`oj o> f,i idlcd lsru fuu jevuqf oS is h
bosrs jI ^2016-2017& i|yd cd;Hhka;r mrudKql Yla;s ksfhdacs;dh;kh u.ska osh;a lrk jd;fha
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ld,hla ioyd jdhqf.da,fha we;s wxY=uh IHldrl jH yd jdhq Il ^i,a*vfhdlaihs" khsg%cka
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tu.ska Y% ,xldjg jdis lsysmhla u miq.sh ld,fha oS w;a h tu.ska wldrsfha kHIal Yaf,aIK
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wxY= wdosh& ms<sn| o;a; moaO;shla ksudKh l< yels h f i|yd jdhq idm, tla /ia lrk
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25

fl mqj;a'''

;dlaIK yd mfhaIK wud;HdxYh u.ska 2014

jif ud;+ ui 31 jk osk ixOdkh l<
wud;HdxYh hgf;a mj;sk wdh;kj, fiajl
uy;au uy;akaf.a l,d l=i,;d l,t<s
oelaf l,d m%ix.fha oS mrudKql Yla;s
wldfha l,d ljh iska bosrsm;a l< rdc
iNdj k jQ fl kdgHhg .re wud;H mdG,S
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ys h'

ms<s .ekSu h' tf,iu we ksudKh yd

fjia.ekauo is jQfha wmf.a l,dlrejkaf.kau
u lemS fmkqKs'

wmf.a l,dlrejka ish iyc yelshdjka Tiafia

hka fuu fl kdglh bosrsm;a lf<a /iaj is
msrsia wukaodkkaohg m;a lrjks' fuh b;d
id:l ksudKhla nj meKs oaj;a msi f.a

m%.S;a lvkak
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mrudKql Yla;s wldh

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.S;hg o wmqj rx.khla fuka u .dhkhla o
bosm;a lrka wmf.a l,dlrejka f ish,a,
tlg lelr rdc iNdj kdglhla f,iska
wmQrejg l<t<s oelajQy'

mqkcSjkh 2014 keu;s m%oYkh" uykqjr Ydka; wkaf;daks uyd

oHd,fha isiqka iska ixOdkh lrk ,j 2014 wm%sfh,a ui 3 osk
isg 5 osk olajd tu mdie,a N+fha oS mj;ajk ,oS'
fuu m%oYKhg Y%S ,xld mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh o odhl;ajh iemhq
w;r lsrK wdrlaIKh" lsrKj, Nd;h yd kHIal n,h oyd
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tysoS ukd f,i oekqj;a jQy' fuysoS mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh u.ska mqyqKq l< mdi,a isiqkao wldrsfha
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26

ld,Sk'''

cmdkfha
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la l%shd;aul h' tu.ska ksIamdos; uq cjh 46"148
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,s b,afuka 30% imhkq ,enqf kHIal
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oykfhka ,nd .kakd ,shhs' bosfhaoS tu
m%;sY;h 40% olajd je lsug cmka rch ;SrKh
lr ;snqKs' ta i|yd kHIal n,d.dr bosfjka
mej;sKs' ish ksIamdok j,ska Yd, f,i ,dN
,nk f,dj mqrd ckm%sh Toyota, Mitsubishi, Mazda,
Honda, Suszuki, Toshiba jeks iud. cmdkh
wdl fhdaOfhl= njg m;a lf<a kHIal
n,fhka ,sh ,nd .ekSf tallhl msrsjeh
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mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

ta i|yd cmka rchg b;d Yd, uqo,a m%udKhla

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cmdkfha ;dm n,d.dr j,ska ksl=;a lrk CO2 jdhq
m%udKh b;d Yd, m%udKhlska je h' fuh
lsfhdf;da mir iuq;sh (Kyoto Protocol) oe
f,i W,a,x>kh lsula jq w;r uyd mudK
iud. j, msjeh wl f,i by< hdug fya;=jla
o h'
fmdis, bkaOk u; oeug isjk wl hou iy
mirhg isjk Yd, ydksh;a" c, ,sh" iq<x
iy iQh n,d.dr u.ska ksmojk ,sh" ludka;
iy .Dyia: mdfNdackhg m%udKj;a fkdu;a
fya;=fjka j;auka cmka w.%dud;H Iskafida wf
uy;d b;du roYSj iy Wfmad iy.;j oe
iy j.lsjhq;= m%;sm;a;shla ,s ksIamdokh i|yd
m%ldY lrk ,oS'
fuysoS kj cmka rch .;a ;SrKh k kHIal
Yla;sh bosfhaoS b;d jeo.;a Yla;s m%Njhla f,i
Nd;d l< hq;= w;r ish,qu kHIal n,d.dr by<
wdrCIK ;;ajhla hgf;a l%ufhka ,s ckkh
wdrN l, hq;=h hkakh'
ta i|yd cmdkfha kHIal wdrCIK wldfha
wkque;sh ,nd .; hq;= f' f jk g kHIal
m%;sl%shdldrl 17 la kHIal wdrCIK wldrsfha
uYkhg ,lafjka mj;S' fuys m%;sM,hla f,i
2012 cq,s ui uq,a i;sh ;=< cmkfha lkaidhs
m%dka;fha TySs kHIal n,d.drfha m%;sl%shdldrl
wxl 03 kej; ,sh ckkh wdrN fldg ;snqKs'
cmka ck.ykfhka 10% muK kHIal n,h
i|yd Yd, frdaO;djla olajk w;r ;j;a 10%
muK kHIal n,h i|yd leue;a;la olajhss' b;srs
80% WodiSk u;hla orK ck;dj jk w;r
Tjqkaf.a u;h oskd .ekSu i|yd cmka rch jev
igyka l%shd;aul lrka mj;shs'
wdpdh rxcs;a chjOk
iNdm;s
mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

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27

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lE.,a,
l,dm
wOHdmk
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fN!;sl oHd ix.ufha inkalrKfhka
lE.,a, wOHdmk l,dmfha mdie,a j, 10" 11 yd
12 fY%aKsj, oHd" .Ks;" jdKsc yd l,d hk
Ih Odrdjka yodrk isiqka 500 la muK o tu
mdie,a j, .=reNj;=ka 30 la muK o kHIal
;dlaIKfha fhoS ms<sn| iuka;%Khla jI
2014 uehs ui 18 jk osk lE$Ydka; uhd uyd
oHd,fhao mj;ajk ,o th fufyhjk ,oafoa
mrudKql Yla;s wldh u.sks
mrudKql Yla;s wldrsfha iNdm;s fukau
fmardfoKsh Yaj oHd,fha fcHIAG l:sldpdh"
wdpdh wd t,a chjOk uy;d iska
mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh yd tys ldh Ndrh
ms<sn|j wdrNl foaYkh mj;ajk ,o w;r"
idudkH oHd;aul wxYfha ksfhdacH wOHlaI
m%idoa uyl=udr uy;d iska ffjoH oHdfo
kHIal ;dlaIKfha fho ms<sn`oj foaYkh
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jdis hk uefhka jQ wjidk foaYkh mrudKql
Yla;s wldrsfha iNdm;s;=ud iska mj;ajk ,o
iuka;%Khg iyNd.S jQ isiqkaf.a m%fhdackh
i`oyd mrudKql Yla;s wldrsfha l%shdldrl
ms<sn|j ilik ,o DVD ;ehla fkdf,a ,nd
ka w;r w fmd i ^W$fm<& fN!;sl oHd Ih
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,o ;jo wldrsh iska uqs; lsrK yd
mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh k fmd;a msxp o iEu
YsIHfhl=gu fkdf,a ,ndfok ,o
fuu jevigyk id:l lr .ekug lE.,a,
l,dm wOHdmk ldhd,fha iyldr wOHdmk
wOHlaIsld" fla ta Ys%hdKs l,qwdr uy;ahf.a
lemu fnfyka w.h l< hq;=h bosfhaoS;a
fujeks iuka;%K meje;aug mrudKql Yla;s
wldrsh n,dfmdfrd;a;= f'
pQ,sld kdkdhlaldr
m%jD;a;s ks<OdrskS
mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

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28

fl mqj;a'''

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsfha fiajlhskaf.a rdcldrS lghq;= inkaO woyia yqjudre lsrSu wruqKq lr.;a
udisl yuqjla mj;ajkq ,nhs ;u ;uka islrk mfhaIK lghq;=" fiajd lghq;= yd ;dCIKsl lghq;=
inkaOj ;u w;aoelSu wksl=;a ifydaor fiajlhka yd fnod yod .ekSu fuu yuqf oS is lrhs
jI 2014 uehs iy cQks udi j, mej;s udisl yuq j,oS bosrsm;a l< foaYk j,ska iuyrla
my; oela f'
1& wdh;kfha mrSCIKd.drj, ;;a;aj iy;sl lsrSf l%shdj,sh yd tys jeo.;alu ms<sn|j ffcj
oHd;aul wxYfha oHd;aul ks<OdrSkS ,dxc,S rdcmCI fufKhf.a w;aoelS'
2& m%imdok mmdhg wkqj NdKav ,oS .ekSfoS we;sjk Ialr;d ms<sn| lsrK wdrCIK yd
fr.=,dis wxYfha ksfhdacH wOHCI Ydka; f;akqjr uy;df.a w;aoelS'
3& wdh;fha ,s hou wvq lsrSu ms<sn| l%ufohka ms<sn| ksfhdacH wOHlaI m%idoa uyl=udr
uy;df.a w;aoelS'
4& kskdYl mrSCIK l%u u.ska fndhsf,arejl fodaI fidhd .ekSu yd kv;a;= lsrSu ms<sn|
kskdYl mrSlaIK wxYfha oHd;aul ks<OdrS iqfIa fiakdkdhl uy;df.a w;aoelS'
5& bosrsfhaoS fiajd lghq;= wdrN lsrSug iQodk jk kskdYl cd;sl uOHia:dkfha jev lghq;=
ms<sn| kskdYl mrSlaIK wxYfha wOHCI twd f;kafldka uy;df.a w;aoelS'
6& wldrsfha oHq;a ;eme,a moaO;sfha we;sjk fodaI u yrjd .ekSug fiajlhka oekqj;a jkafka
flfiao hkak ms<sn| idudkH oHd;aul wxYfha oHd;aul ks<OdrS ksrdId r;akr
fufKhf.a woyia'
7& wldrsfha kh ldhh mmdh l%shd;aul lsrSfoS uqyqK fok .eg ms<sn| udkj im;a
wxYfha ksfhdacH wOHlaIsld ks,aKs kS;dx.kS fufKhf.a woyia'
8& bf,lafg%dak lon rKh yd tys cd;Hka;r Nd;h ms<sn| lsrK msrsieliq wxYfha fHIaG
oHd;aul ks<OdrS rejka o is,ajd uy;df.a woyia'
9& *qlqIsud kHIal n,d.drfha we;sjQ wk;=r yd tys j;udk ;;ajh ms<sn| lsrK wdrlaIK yd
fr.=,dis wxYfha ksfhdacH wOHlaI wkqreoaO ch,;a uy;df.a ksrSlaIK pdrsldf w;aoelS'

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

m<uqjk l,dmh

29

mdie,a hk Tng;a
wjia:djla .

bosfhaoS is h yels kHIal wdmodjka

i|yd l%shd lsug fmr iQodku w;HjYHhs' tjeks
wdmodjka i|yd m%;spdr oelaf mqyqKq jev igyka
ud,djla mrudKql Yla;s wldh u.sska Yaj oHd, lldpdhjreka" ;dlaIK
ks,Odka" mdie,a .=rejreka yd isiqka hk lKavdh i|yd mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nhs'
by; PdhdrEmfhka oelafjkafka tjeks mqyqKq jev igykla reyqKq Yaj oHd,fha
oS miq .sh od meje;a jQ wdldrhhs' bosrsfha oS meje;aug ksh; tjeks jevigyka
i|yd Wiia fm< oHd Ih Odrdj yodrk Tng;a iyNd.S h yelsh' ta i`oyd
wu;kak'
ixialdrl" kHIal if|i
mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh"
fkd(60$460" fia,hska mdr"
Tref.dvj;a;" je,a,msh'

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fuu i`.rdj lshfuka Tn kHIal ;dlaIKh

ms<sn`oj yrj;a hula Wlyd .kakg we;ehs is;uq'

mrudKql Yla;s wldrsh

m<uqjk l,dmh

30