Name: Period: Date: i Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide This study guide packet is due the day of the mid-term exam. You must complete it and bring it with you when you come to take the test. (esc aie Unit 4; Intro to Anatomy and Physiology Be able to label from memory the following: Body Cavities, Relative Body Positions totem hater Body Planes Abdominal Bocy Resfons and Quadrants SA Remember: Your exam accounts for 20% of your final semester grade!Another group of students were trying to determine at what temperature a newly discovered fish will thrive, They set up four different aquariums and kept each at different temperatures. They put 100 fish in each tank and then counted how many were alive at the end of a week. a. What was the problem? b, What was the independent variable? c, What was the dependent variable? d. What conditions need to be kept constant during the experiment? Unit 2: Cell Theory List the 7 characteristics of all living things: ) 2 3) 4) 5) 6) 2D What is homeostasis? ‘What is a prokaryotic cell? What is a eukaryotic cell? ‘What are three differences between a plant cell and an animal cell?Matching: Next to each organelle, write the letter of its function mitochondria a. where proteins are made ___ cell membrane b. site of photosynthesis in plants, contains chlorophyll cell wall c. transport system of the cell ___ endoplasmic reticulum e. provides support and protection for plant cell nucleus f, storage area for the cells ___ vacuole g. powerhouse of the cell, makes energy chloroplasts h. control center of the cell, contains the genetic ____sibosome information i. is selectively permeable, controls what goes in and out of the cell Explain the fumetion of the Golgi apparatus, lysosome, and eytoskeleton. ‘What is a polar molecule? Why is water a polar molecule? Name a few of the special characteristics of water, Label the diagrams of the cells below: ‘OBB SODDUnit 3: Biomolecules What is an organie compound? Fill out the following table about organic compounds: Organic Monomer Examples Where is it found Compound in the body Protein [ie Carbohydrate [ Lipid | Nucleic Acid What is an enzyme? ‘What is a catalyst? — Label the following structures using this word bank: monosaccharide, polysaccharide, trighyceride, cholesterol, saturated fat, unsaturated fat, nucleic acid, nucleotide, amino acid, protein ae a it ae sf ygunn. What is the lock and key model of enzyme activity? Use the following terms in your description (active site, enzyme, products, substrate). For each of the following statements, label as true or false ___a. Enzymes are types of proteins '. Enzymes slow down the rate of chemical reactions c. Bach enzyme is specific, it only works on one type of substance ——f. Enzymes can not be reused. — g. Proteins are made of building blocks called amino acids = h. Proteins are made in the mitochondria of cells + Proteins make up our blood, hair, skin, heart, muscles, and bonesUnit 4: Integumentary System Objective: Describe the structure and functions of the skin Ust the 5 functions of the integumentary system, A BL c D. EB ‘What are the functions of the subcutaneous layer? What is the subcutaneous layer also referred to as? Writeadescriptionofthefunctionof tive two types ofcells below found in the epidermis Keratinocytes: Melanocytes: Ege EEE What types of glands are found in the Integumentary system and what do they secrete? Label the following view of skin’s accessory structuresWhat causes acne (zits), and how could it be prevented? What do the sweat glands in your dermis help you do? How does the amount of melanin in the skin relate to the skin color? ‘What does melanin in the skin prevent from happening? Unit 5: Muscular System Be able to label each of the following muscles: Frontaus, temporalis, orbicularis oculi, zygomaticus, orbicularis oris, masseter, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis major, deltoid, biceps brachii, rectus abdominis, external oblique, serratus anterior, adduetor longus, gracilis, sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, fibularis longus, soleus, anterior.Be able to label each of the following muscles: Trapezius, deltoid, triceps brachii, latissimus dorsi, external oblique, gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, semtendinosus, gastrocnemius, soleus.‘Name: Class: Date: Be able to label each of the following muscles: Frontalis, temporalis, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, zygomaticus, masseter, buccinators, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius Be able to label each of the following muscles: Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, sartorius, gracilis, tensor fascia latae, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, gastrocnemius, soleus.Name: Class: Date: Short Answer Be able to answer questions similar to these. Which of the three types of muscle tissue is voluntary”? Motor neurons release acetylcholine to stimulate muscles to contract. What happens to the acetylcholine when the nerve signal stops and the musele needs to relax? Which cation is especially important in muscle contractions? ‘The diagram below illustrates a muscle fiber before contraction: Iband Aband H band (a) Sarcomere at rest ...and after contraction: I band Aband Ziine H band Zine (b) Contraction and filament sliding ' Explain what happens with the actin (thin filaments) and myosin (thick filaments) to cause this change.Name: Class: Date: Label the myofibril, muscle, muscle fiber, and fascicle on the diagram below. Name the connective tissue covering each of these structures: Muscle— Fascicle — Muscle Fiber (cell) - Describe all of the steps required in a muscle contraction, beginning with the motor neuron. ‘What three factors influence how long a muscle can contract? For each of the types of muscle fiber, explain what type of activity it specifically it is designed differently to do this, is best suited for, and how ‘What is the relationship between a muscle twitch, summation, incomplete tetanus, and complete tetanus?