VIBRATION ANALYSIS

A.K.SINHA
AGM (TURBINE)
PSTS(HQ), NOIDA

VIBRATION ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES

FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
ORBIT ANALYIS
MAPPING OF PEDESTAL / CASING / FOUNDATION AROUND THE
PROBLEMATIC AREA SHOULD BE CONDUCTED
PHASE ANALYSIS
BODE / NYQUIST PLOT
SHAFT CENTER LINE ANALYSIS

FULL FREQUENCY SPECTRUM

FULL FREQUENCY SPECTRUM (CASCADE PLOT)

SHAFT ORBIT

Proximity
Probes

ORBIT ANALYSIS

MAPPING Measurement of Amplitude & Phase

A network is drawn on Bearing Pedestal / Secondary

Grout / Foundation Bolt / Anchor Plate / Main
Foundation Area in all three principal direction
(Horizontal, Vertical and Axial).
The Phase and Amplitude for running frequency
component at each location are measured during
steady state operation of the machine, by moving the
vibration pick ups at pre-determined locations

MAPping of Bearing Pedestal, Secondary Grouting in

Vertical direction
3

2
1
9

Foundation
Bolt

8
7

Bearing
Pedestal

6
5
4

Left

15

C
21

14
13

Base Plate

D
A

11

12

10
18

20

Right

17
19

16

Secondary
Grout

EVENT TIMER
2
1

360 0
T
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO EVENTS = (2 1 /3600) X T

EVENT TIMER : DIRECTION OF PROPAGATION

CASE - B

CASE - A
+

Direction of
Propagation

Direction of
Propagation

PHASE ANALYSIS
CONSTANT AND STEADY PHASE ANGLE
FLUCTUATING PHASE ANGLE
CYCLIC PHASE ANGLE
ROTATING PHASE ANGLE

USES OF PHASE ANGLE MEASUREMENT

BALANCING
STRUCTURE MOTION STUDY

DETECTION OF RESONANCE FREQUENCY

RUN UP & RUN DOWN BEHAVIOUR
BODE PLOT
HEALHINESS OF MATING SURFACES OF TWO VIBRATING
MASSESS
UNDERSTANDING THE DEFLECTION MODE OF THE SHAFT

UNDERSTANDING THE DEFLECTION MODE OF THE SHAFT

B1

B2

B3

B4

BODE PLOT

NYQUIST PLOT

SHAFT CENTRE LINE PLOT

VIBRATION ANALYSIS CHART

NATURE OF FAULT

FREQUENCY OF DOMINANT VIBRATION

DIRECTION

ROTOR UNBALANCE

1x RPM

RADIAL

MISALIGNMENT & BENT

SHAFT

USUALLY 1x RPM, IN CASE OF SEVERITY:- 2 x

RPM, & SOMETIMES HIGHER HARMONICS

RADIAL /
AXIAL

BEARINGS LOOSENESS IN
HOUSINGS

SUB-HARMONICS OF SHAFT RPM, EXACTLY

OR 1/3 x RPM, SOMETIMES, HIGHER
HARMONICS ALSO

RADIAL

OIL WHIRL OR WHIP IN

JOURNAL BEARINGS

SLIGHTLY LESS THAN HALF OF SHAFT SPEED

(42% TO 48%)

RADIAL

MECHANICAL LOOSENESS

2 x RPM, SOME TIMES 1 x RPM ALSO

ANY
DIRECTION

FLOW INDUCED
TURBULENCE

BLADE & VANE PASSING FREQUENCIES AND

HARMONICS

RADIAL /
AXIAL

ELECTRICALLY INDUCED
VIBRATIONS

1 x RPM OR 1 OR 2 TIMES SYNCHRONOUS

FREQUENCY

RADIAL /
AXIAL

RESONANCE IN
STATIONARY
COMPONENTS

GETS EXCITED WHEN ROTOR SPEED OR ITS

HARMONICS MATCHES WITH NATURAL
FREQUENCY OF THE AFFECTED
COMPONENTS

ANY
DIRECTION

ROTOR CRITICAL SPEED

1 x RPM PLUS PHASE CHANGE

RADIAL

STEPS FOR RESOLVING THE VIBRATION PROBLEM

COLLECTION OF OPERATING PARAMETERS
STUDY OF
HISTORY OF
VIBRATION
BEHAVIOUR
OVERHAULING REPORTS / RECURRING PROBLEM FACED

INTERACTION WITH O&M PERSONNELS

COLLECTION OF DETAILED VIBRATION BEHAVIOUR AT VARIOUS

CONDITIONS OF OPERATION LIKE NO LOAD RUN, RUN UP, RUN
DOWN, WITH AND WITHOUT EXCITATION, PART AND FULL LOAD
OPERATION ETC.
VIBRATION ANALYSIS TO NARROW DOWN THE REASONS OF
HIGH VIBRATION

STEPS FOR RESOLVING THE VIBRATION PROBLEM

FORMULATION OF ACTION PLAN (SHORT TERM / LONG TERM)
IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTION PLAN
RESPONSE OF MACHINE AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTION
PLAN

FRESH VIBRATION ANALYSIS, IF THE PROBLEM PERSISTS

IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW ACTION PLAN

THE CYCLE OF VIBRATION ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION

OF ACTION PLAN CONTINUES TILL THE VIBRATION PROBLEM IS
SATISFACTORILY RESOLVED

KNOW YOUR MACHINES

KNOWLEDGE OF BEHAVIOUR FOR SIMILAR TYPE OF MACHINES
VIBRATION PRONE AREAS
INFLUENCE OF PARTICULAR OPERATING PARAMETER

CONCLUSION
INTELLEGENT VIBRATION

MEASUREMENT IS THE

MOST

IMPORTANT ACTIVITY IN RESOLUTION OF ANY VIBRATION

PROBLEM
UNDERSTANDING OF PRODUCT IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR
ANALYSIS

PROTOCOLS / PARAMETERS / TRENDS / OVERHAUL REPORTS

/ OTHER DOCUMENTS SHOULD BE REFERED / STUDIED FOR
BETTER ANALYSIS
EVERY FEEDBACK AND OBSERVATION ARE IMPORTANT FOR
TROUBLESHOTING

THANK YOU