CHAPTER 16 The South and the Slavery Controversy, 1793- 1860 LF Identify and state the historical significance ofthe following: Harviet Beecher Stowe William Lloyd Garrison Denmark Vesey David Walker Nat Tumer Sojourner Truth ‘Theodore Dwight Weld Frederick Douglass ‘Arthur and Lewis Tappan 0. Elieh P. Lovejoy 1. John Quincy Adams i. Define and state the historical significance of the following: 12. oligarchy 13. _abolitionism 14. “positive good” 15. breakers 16, plantation system 17. monopolistic 18, mulatto population mM. Describe and state the historical significance ofthe following: 19. Cotton Kingdom 20. © The Liberator 21, American Anti-Slavery Society 22. peculiar institution 23, Liberty party ‘Copyright © Houghton iin Cmpary. All eghts reserved.214 Chapter 16: The South and the Slavery Controversy, 1793-1860 24, Lane rebels 25, Gag Resolution 26, American Colonization Society 27. Uncle Tom's Cabin IV. SINGLE-ANSWER MULTIPLE CHOICE. Mark the one best answer for cach ofthe following questions. ad 28. As.arresult ofthe introduction of the cotton gin, Page: 350 a. fewer slaves were needed on the plantations. b. _short-staple cotion lost popularity. . slavery was reinvigorated. 4. Thomas Jefferson predicted the gradual death of slavery. ©. the African slave trade was legalized. Ans: 2 29, Members of the planter aristocracy Page: 3st a. produced fewer front-rank statesmen than the North, b, dominated society and polities in the South © provided democratic ule inthe South 4. promoted tax-supported public education. kept up with developments in modern thought. Ans: 30, All the following were true ofthe American economy under Cotton Page: “3ST Kingdom except ‘4 cotton accounted for half the value ofall American exports afer 1840, the South produced more than half the entire world's supply of eatton ©. 75% ofthe British supply of cotton came from the South. 4. quick profits from cotton drew planters to its economic enterprise. © the South reaped all the profits from the coton trade. Ans: 31. Plantation agriculture was wasteful largely because Page: 352 a. itrelied mainly on artificial means to fertilize the soi. b. _itrequired leaving eropland fallow every other year. ©. excessive water was used for inigation, 4. twas too diversified, thus taking essential nutrients from the si ¢. its excessive cultivation of cotton despoiled good land, An: 32. Plantation mistresses Page: 352 2. had litle contact with slaves. primarily controled male saves. ©. frequently supported abolitionism, 4. commanded a sizable household staff of mostly female slaves. ©. were almost universally loved by their slaves Copyaht © Heughon Mtn Company. A ighs reservedAns: Page: Ans: Page: Ans: Page: Ans: Page: Ans: Page: Ans: Page Ans: Page: 352 352-353 e 353 354 33, 35, 36. 31. Chapter 16: The South and the Slavery Controversy, 1793-1860 215 Plantation agriculture led to a slow return on investments. remained diverse until the Civil War. vas economically unstable and wasteful. discouraged immigration to the West. ‘encouraged southem democracy. ‘The plantation system of the Cotton South was a b ce. a increasingly monopolistic. efficient at utilizing natural resources. financially stable. attractive to European immigrants. unable to expand westward, All of the following were weaknesses of the slave plantation system except that eaese it relied on a one-crop economy. it ropelled a large-scale European immigration, it stimulated racism among poor whites. it created an aristocratic political elite. its land continued to remain in the hands of the small farmers. German and Irish immigration to the South was discouraged by ‘competition with slave labor. southern anti-Catholicism, Irish antislavery groups. {immigration barriers enacted by southern states. their inability to tolerate the hot climate. All told, only about __ of white southerners owned slaves or belonged to a slaveholding family. b. 4 38. 39, va 18 12 2 34 said the following quote, “I think we must get rid of Slavery or we must get rid of freedom.” b, ©. ri e Jefferson Davis Tokin C. Calhoun Ralph Waldo Emerson Abraham Lincoln ‘Andrew Johnson As their main erop, southem subsistence farmers raised Copyeght © Houghton Min Compary. Al ight reserved. cotton. tobacco. corn, rice. sugar cane,216 Ans: Page: Ans: Page: Ans: Page: Ans: Page: Ans Page: Ans: Page: Ans: Page: Chapter 16: e e ¢ a 353 356 356 ;he South and the Slavery Controversy, 1793-1860 40. 41 a 4, 46. ‘Most white southerners were planter aristocrats small slaveowners. ‘merchants and artisans. poor white trash.” subsistence farmers. pees By the mid-nineteenth century, most southerners owned staves. the smaller slavcholders owned a majority of te slaves, ‘most slaves lived on large plantations. slavery was a dying institution. southemers were growing defensive about slavery. “Most slaves in the South were owned by industrialist. ‘mountain whites, plantation owners. ‘small farmers. subsistence farmers. paose ‘The majority of southem whites owned no slaves because they opposed slavery. they could not afford the purchase price. their urban location did not require them. their racism would not allow them to work alongside African ‘Americans. ce. they feared the possibility of slave revolts. ‘The most pro-Union of the white southerners were 1, plantation owners. b. mountain whites. c. small slaveowners. 4. nonslaveowning subsistence farmers. €. people with northern economic interests. ‘Some southern slaves gained their freedom as a result of the prohibition of the Atlantic slave trade after 1807, purchase by northern abolitionists. fleeing to mountain hideaways. purchasing their way out of slavery. the objection to slaveholding by some white women. “The great increase of the stave population inthe first half of the nineteenth century was largely due to the reopening of the Affican slave trade in 1808. larger imports of slaves from the West Indies. natural reproduction. reenslavement of free blacks, the deliberate “breeding” of slaves by plantation owners. paoee CCopyight ® Houghton Min Company. lights reserved.Ans: Page: Ans: Page: Ans: Page: Ans: Page: ‘Ans: Page: Ans: Page: 357 358, © 41. 48. 49. 50. SI 22, 53. Chapter 16: The South and the Slavery Controversy, 1793-1860 217 Norther attitudes toward free blacks can best be described as supporting their right to full citizenship. b. disliking the race but liking individual blacks. ¢. advocating black movement into the new territories. 4. politically sympathetic but socially segregationist. © disliking the individuals but liking the race. For free blacks living in the North, a. living conditions were nearly equal to those for whites. b, voting rights were widespread. ©. good jobs were plentiful 4. education opened the door to economic opportunity © discrimination was common, ‘The profitable southem slave system hobbled the economic development of the region as a whole. ‘saw many slaves moving to the upper South. Jed to the textile industry's development in the South first. relied almost totally on importing slaves to meet the ‘unguenchable demand for labor. €. enabled the South to afford economic and educational progress Regarding work assignments, slaves were given some of the mast dangerous jobs. generally spared dangerous work. given the same jobs as Irish laborers. ‘usually given skilled rather than menial jobs. generally supervised in small groups. Pethaps the slave’s greatest psychological horror, and the theme of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom's Cabin, was a, the enforced separation of slave families, b. _slaveowners’ frequent use of the whip. © 4. the breeding of slaves. having to do the most dangerous work on the plantation. forcible sexual assault by slaveowners. By 1860, slaves were concentrated in the “black belt” located in the 8. border states of Kentucky, Missouri, and Maryland. b, Deep South states of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. cold South states of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina, dd. new Southwest states of Texas, Arkansas, and Indian Territory. © mountain regions of Tennessee, West Virginia, and Kentucky. Asa substitute for the wage-incentive system, slaveourners most often used the a. promise of eventual freedom, b. reward of some legal rights, ©, right to hold private property. 4. whip as a motivator. © threat of death ‘Copyght © Heuphion Min Conpany Al igh resarved.