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ABSTRACT
Background. Sepsis in neonates (newborns) remains a major cause of public health concern. Sepsis
may cause neutropenia due to hematological system dysfunction, which suggests poor prognosis.
Decreased neutrophil function will increase mortality in neonates. In addition, the health care cost
implication of residual symptoms in children who survive is quite high.This study aimed to estimate
the association between neutropenia and mortality in neonates with sepsis.
Methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. A sample of
85 neonates was selected by consecutive sampling, i.e. all of the newborns aged <1 month at the
Pedicatric Intensive Care Unit at this hospital during April 2011 to July 2011 period were taken as the
study subjects. The dependent variable was time to mortality. The independent variabel was
neutropenia. The confounding factors were gestational age (prematurity) and low birth weight. The
association between neotropenia and time to mortality while controlling for gestational age and birth
weight was analyzed by Cox-regression model on SPSS 17.0
Results. The sample consisted of 54 (63.5%) male and 31 (36.5%) female newborns. There were 40
(47.10%) newborns with gestational age <37 weeks, and 45 (52.90%) with weight <2500g. As many as
44 (51.80%) newborns experienced neutropenia while 41 (48.20%) did not experience neutropenia.
The death toll of these newborns was 27 (31.80%). Cox regression analysis showed a weak association
between neotropenia and mortality, and it was not statistically signficant (Hazard Ratio = 1.28; 95% CI
0.55 to 2.94; p=0.568). This estimate has controlled for the effects of gestational age and birth weight.
Prematurity showed strong association with the risk of mortality in neonates with sepsis (HR = 3.12;
95% CI 1.07 to 9.68; p=0.037).
Conclusion. Neutropenia and in addition low birth weight show weak and unreliable predictors for
mortaity in neonates with sepsis. Prematurity shows a strong and reliable predictor for mortality in
neonates with sepsis.
Key words: sepsis, neutropenia, mortality, neonates.
PENDAHULUAN
Sepsis merupakan masalah yang belum dapat
terselesaikan pada neonatus/ bayi baru lahir (BBL).
Sepsis sering menimbulkan kematian. Apabila bayi
dapat bertahan hidup akan terjadi gejala sisa dan
biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk perawatan sepsis cukup
mahal (Aminullah, 2008). Sepsis dapat
menyebabkan neutropenia karena disfungsi sistem
hematologi sehingga timbul gangguan pada sumsum
tulang dalam memproduksi neutrofil serta
ketidakseimbangan antara ekstravasasi dan produksi.
Funke meneliti bahwa sebanyak 38% neonatus
dengan sepsis akan terjadi neutropenia. Neutropenia ini berhubungan dengan prognosis yang buruk,
dimana penurunan fungsi neutrofil akan
meningkatkan risiko kematian pada neonatus (Funke,
2000; Aird, 2003).
Banyak aspek selular tidak berfungsi pada sepsis
dan ditandai dengan aktivasi yang berlebihan atau
penurunan fungsi. Aktivasi yang berlebihan
berhubungan dengan sel utama yang merespons cepat
oleh rangsangan kedua, misalnya aktivasi berlebihan
dari neutrofil yang menghasilkan produk toksik yang
menyebabkan kerusakan sel. Contoh lain adalah
penurunan fungsi akan menyebabkan kegagalan
39
54
31
63. 50
36. 50
41
44
48. 20
51. 80
40
45
47. 10
52. 90
45
40
52. 90
47. 10
44
41
51. 80
48. 20
56
29
65. 90
34. 10
27
58
31. 80
68. 20
Mean
15 .56
6868.84
SD
Min
8.61
3.00
5789.54 158.00
Maks
38.00
38095.00
41
Kematian
Ya (%) Tidak (%)
18
26
(40.90)
(59.10)
9
32
(22.00)
(78.00)
Total
OR
p
(%)
44
2.46 0.061
(100.00)
41
(100.00)
HR
1.28
1.88
3.12
0.568
0.257
0.037
CI 95 %
Batas Batas
bawah atas
0.55 2.94
0.63 5.56
1.07 9.68
PEMBAHASAN
43
44
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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