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SADT

Structured
Analysis &
2

Design
Technique
3

..............................................................................................................................8
..................................................................................................................................12
SADT................................................................................................14
I .........................................................17
1. ....................................................................................................18
1.1. SADT-...............................................................................................................19
1.2. ......................................................................................19
1.3. ........................................................................20
1.4. ......................................................21
1.5. ......................................................21
1.6. ...........................................................................................................................22
2. ........................................................................25
2.1. ............................................................................25
2.2. ....................................................................................25
2.3. .....................................................................................25
2.4. ..........................................................................................27
2.5. ........................................................27
2.6. ........................................................................29
2.7. -........................................................31
2.8. ...........................................................................................................................31
3. ......................................................................33
3.1. .....................................................................33
3.2. ......................................................33
3.3. -..................................................36
3.4. ICOM .........................................................38
3.5. ........................39
3.6. ...........................................................................................................................42
4. ..........................................................................................43
4.1. ........................................................................43
4.2. ....................................................................44
4.3. .....44
4.4. ....................................................................45
4.5. ...............................................................45
4.6. ...........................................................................................................................46
5. .....................................................................47
5.1. ...........................................................................47
5.2. ...........................................................................47
5.3. " "...................................................................48
5.4. .......................................50
5.5. .................................51
5.6. ................................................52
5.7. ...........................................................................................................................53
6. .......................................................................55
6.1. SADT ..................................................55
6.2. ...............56
6.3. ........................................................................59
6.4. ..........................................................................61
6.5. .................................................................................62
6.6. ..............................63
6.7. ...........................................................................................................................63

 II ..................................................65
7. .....................................................................................................66
7.1. ..............................................................................................66
7.2. ..................................................................................................................67
7.3. .............................................................................................................68
7.4. ..................................................................................70
7.5. ...........................................................................................................................70
8. ............................................................................................72
8.1. ...........................................................................................................72
8.2. .........................................................................................72
8.3. ........................................................................................75
8.4. .....................................................................................75
8.5. .........................................................................................76
8.6. .........................................................................................77
8.7. ...........................................................................................................................78
9. .................................................................................80
9.1. ......................................................................80
9.2. .............................................................................83
9.3. ....................................................................83
9.4. ...........................................................................................................................84
10. ...............................................................................86
10.1. ....................................................................................86
10.2. ..............................................................86
10.3. ...............................................................89
10.4. .............................................................................91
10.5. ...............................................................92
10.6. .........................................................................................................................93
11. .................................................................94
11.1. ........................................................................94
11.2. ..............................................................................95
11.3. ..............................................................96
11.4. .........................................................................................................................99
III ..................................................................100
12. /............................................................................................101
12.1. ...................................................................101
12.2. .......................................................................................102
12.3. ..........................................................................................104
12.4. ..................................................................................104
12.5. /................................................................................................108
12.6. .......................................................................................................................108
13. .................................................................................................110
13.1. .................................................................110
13.2. ........................................................................................................110
13.3. ..................................................................................................111
13.4. ..........................................................................................................112
13.5. .......................................................................................115
13.6. .......................................................................................................................115
14. .................................................................................116
14.1. ....................................................................................................116
14.2. .................................................................................116

14.3. .......................................................119
14.4. ..................................................................120
14.5. ........................................................121
14.6. .......................................................................................................................124
15. ....................................................................125
15.1. .....................................................................125
15.2. ...................................................125
15.3. .....................................................127
15.4. ..................................................................................................................128
15.5. SADT..................................................................................................128
15.6. ..........................................................................................128
15.7. .........................................................................................129
15.8. .......................................................................................................................130
16. ..........................................................131
16.1. ................................................................................131
16.2. /..............................................................................................134
16.3. ...............................................................134
16.4. ................................................................................................135
16.5. .......................................................................................................................136
IV . ...........................138
17. ................................................................................139
17.1. SADT-.............................................................................................139
17.2. ...................................................................................140
17.3. ...........................................................................140
17.4. ................................................................................142
17.5. ..........................................................................................142
17.6. ....................................................................................................143
17.7. .............................................................................................143
17.8. ................................................144
17.9. .......................................................................................................................144
18. ................................................................146
18.1. ......................................................................................146
18.2. ..............................................146
18.3. ............................................................148
18.4. ............................................................................149
18.5. ................................................................................................151
18.6. .......................................................................................................................152
19. ..............................................................154
19.1. .........................................................................................154
19.2. .....................................................................................................156
19.3. ....................................................................................158
19.4. .......................................................................................................................158
20. ..........................................................................................160
20.1. .........................................................................................................160
20.2. ..................................................161
20.3. ......................................................................................................162
20.4. ...............................................................................164
20.5. .......................................................................................................................164
21. ......................................................................................166
21.1. AUTOIDEFO.............................................................................................................166

21.2. SPECIF_X..................................................................................................................167
21.3. Design/IDEF..............................................................................................................168
21.4. SADT................170
21.5. .......................................................................................................................171
V . .............................173
" "..................................................................................................173
.................................................................................174
22. ........................................................................................176
1. ..............................................................................177
............................................................................................................................................178
2. ........................................................179
............................................................................................................................................180
3. ..........................................................181
............................................................................................................................................182
4. ...........................................................183
............................................................................................................................................184
5. ................................................185
6. ............................................187
7. .............189
23. .......................................................191
8. ........................................................................192
9. ........................................194
10. ...............................................................................................196
24. .........................................................199
11. ...........................................................................200
12. .........................................................................................203
13. ...........................................................206
14. .......................................................208
25. ...........................................................210
15. ...........................................................211
16. ......................................213
17. ..................................................................215
26. .................................................218
18. .................................................................219
19. .........................................................................222
20. .......................................................225
21. .......................................................227
27. ....................................................................................229
22. .........................................................................................................................................230
23. ..............................................232
24. ..................................234
25. .................................................................................236
" "........................................................................236
-0 ().........................................................................................237
() .............................................................................................238
2. ................................................................................................240
21. ........................................................................................242


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22

23


Brackett, J., and C. McGowan: "Applying SADT to Large System Problems", SofTech Technical Paper TP059,January 1977.
Connor, M.: "Structured Analysis and Design Technique - SADT", Auerbach portfolio
32-04-02, 1979.
Freeman, P.: "Requirements Analysis and Specification: The First Step", Advances in Computer Technology - 1980, August 1980.
Hori, S.: "Human-Directed Activity Cell Model", CAM-1 Long Range Planning Final Report,
CAM-1, Inc., 1972.
Miller, J.: Living Systems, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1978.
Ross, D.: "PLEX1: Sameness and the Need for Rigor", SofTech Deliverable no. 9031-1.1,
December 1975.
Ross, D.: "PLEX2: Sameness and Type", SofTech Deliverable no. 9031-2.0, December 1975.
Ross, D.: "Reflections on Requirements", IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol.
SE-3, no. 1,January 1977.
Ross, D.: "Doug Ross Talks about Structured Analysis", IEEE Computer, July 1985.
Ross, D. and K. Schoman: "Structured Analysis for Requirements Definitions", IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. SE-3, no. 1, January 1977.
SofTech, Inc.: "Introduction to IDEFO", SofTech Deliverable no. 7500-14, September 1979.
Weinberg, G.: An Introduction to General Systems Thinking, John Wiley, New York, 1975.

24

 2.
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31

Connor, M.: "Structured Analysis and Design Technique - SADT", Auerbach portfolio
32-04-02, 1979.
Ross, D., and Bracket, J.: "An Approach to Structured Analysis", Computer Decisons,
September 1976.
Ross, D.: "Structured Analysis (SA): A Language for Communicating Ideas", IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 3, no. 1, January 1977. Ross, D. and Schoman, K.: "Structured Analysis for Requirements Definitions", IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,
vol. SE-3, no. 1, January 1977.
SofTech, Inc.: "IDEFO Author's Guide to Creating Activity Diagrams", SofTech Deliverable
no. 7500-13, September 1979.
SofTech, Inc.: "Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) Report: Function Modeling Manual (IDEFO)", contract no. F33612-78-C-5158, SofTech, Inc., 1981.

32

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39


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Ross, D.: "Removing the Limitations of Natural Language (with Principles behind the RSA Language)", SofTech Deliverable no. 9061-25, July
1979.
SofTech, Inc.: "IDEFO Author's Guide to Creating Activity Diagrams", SofTech Deliverable no. 7500-13, September 1979.
SofTech, Inc.: "Introduction to IDEFO", SofTech Deliverable no. 7500-14, September 1979.

42

SofTech, Inc.: "Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) Report: Function Modeling Manual (IDEFO)", contract no. F33612-78C-5158, SofTech,Inc., 1981.

4.
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Mihram, A.: "The Modeling Process", IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics,
vol. 2, no. 5, November 1972.
Ross, D. and Schoman, K.: "Structured Analysis for Requirements Definitions", IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. SE-3, no. 1, January 1977.
SofTech, Inc.: "Introduction to IDEFO", SofTech Deliverable no. 7500-14, September 1979.
SofTech, Inc.: "Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) Report: Function Modeling Manual (IDEFO)", contract no. F33612-78-C-5158, SofTech, Inc., 1981

 5.
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, SADT , . , , SADT : , , ,
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.
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,
.

Miller, J.: Living Systems, McGraw-HiIl, New York, 1978.
Ross, D.: "An Essay on Activity Diagramming", SofTech Technical Report no. 7104, November, 1976.
SofTech, Inc.: "IDEFO Author's Guide to Creating Activity Diagrams", SofTech Deliverable
no. 7500-13, September 1979.
SofTech, Inc.: "Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) Report: Function Modeling Manual (IDEFO)", contract no. F33612-73-C-5158, SofTech, Inc., 1981.

 6.
II - IV ,
.
, SADT
. SADT--, ,
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SADT
, , , .
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.

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. .

. ,
, , .

Alexander, .: Notes on the Synthesis of form, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.,
1964.
Jackson, M.: System Development, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1983.
Orr, K.: Structured Systems Development, Yourdon Press, New York, 1977.
Miller, G.: "The magical Number Seven, Plus Or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity
for Information Processing", The Psychology Review, vol. 63, no. 2, March 1956.

Marca, D., and McGowan, C.: "Static and Dynamic Data Modeling for Information System
Design", 6th International Conference on Software engineering Proceedings, September
1982.
Parnas, D.: "On the Criteria to be Used in Decomposing Systems into Modules", CACM, December 1972.
Pirsig, R.: Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, Bantam Books, New York, 1974.
Ross, D.: "An Essay on Activity Diagramming", SofTech Technical Report no. 7104, November, 1976.
SofTech, Inc.: "IDEFO Author's Guide to Creating Activity Diagrams", SofTech Deliverable
no. 7500-13, September 1979.
SofTech, Inc.: "Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) Report: Function Modeling Manual (IDEFO)", contract no. F33612-78-C-5158, SofTech, Inc., 1981.

 II
, ( )
, SADT-. , , , .
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 7.
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). .

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- .
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.

Bravoco, R.: "Supplementary Information Concerning Interview Standards and Techniques",
SofTech, June 1976.
FitzGerald, J., and A. Fitz Gerald: Fundamentals of Systems Analysis, John Wiley, New
York, 1973.
Freeman, P.: "Why Johnny Can't Analyze", Systems Analysis and Design: A Foundation for
the 1980s Workshop Proceedings, September 1980.
Gorden, R.: Interviewing: Strategy, Techniques and Tactics, Dorsey Press, 1980.
Hartman, Matthes, and Proeme: Management Information Systems Handbook, McGraw-Hill,
New York, 1968.
Kahn and Cannel: The Dynamics of Interviewing Theory, Techniques and Cases, John Wiley,
New York, 1966.
Mumford, E.: Designing Human Systems for New Technology, Manchester Business School,
Manchester, England, 1983.
Parkin, A.: Systems Analysis, Little Brown, Boston, 1980.
SofTech, Inc.: "Practical Aspects Of Data Collection, IDEFO Architects Guide", SofTech Deliverable no. 7500-10, September 1979.
Weinberg, G.: Rethinking Systems Analysis and Design. Little Brown, Boston, 1982.

 8.
SADT -0,
.
. ,
. ( )
. ( -0) " ", , , , , .
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, SADT- ,
, . (, ,
), , (, , ), (, "" ) (,
). , .
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.
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.
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. 8-2.

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.
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.

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.
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SADT- , , . ,
. .
, -, , -,
, -, . -0, , , , .

DeMarco, .: Structured Analysis and System Specification, Yourdon Press, New York,
1978.
DeMarco, .: "Specification modeling", Guide50 Proceedings, 1980.
Greenspan, S., and J. Mylopoulos: "Capturing More World Knowledge in the Requirements
Specification", 6th International Conference on Software Engineering Proceedings, September 1982
Jackson, M.: System Development, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1983.
Marca, D.: Applying Software Engineering Principles, Little Brown, Boston, 1984.
Orr, K.: Structured Systems Development, Yourdon Press, New York, 1977.
Ross D.: "Some Further Observations about Structured Analysis", SofTech Technical Report
no. 9031-6, January 1976

Ross, D.: "An Essay on Activity Diagramming", SofTech Technical Report no. 7104, November, 1976.
Rubinsteine, M.: Patterns of Problem Solving, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1975.
SofTech, Inc.: "IDEFO Author's Guide to Creating Activity Diagrams", SofTech Deliverable
no. 7500-13, September 1979.
SofTech, Inc.: "Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) Final Report: Function
Modeling Manual (IDEFO)", contract no. F33612-78-C-5158, SofTech, Inc., 1981.
Weinberg, G.: Rethinking Systems Analysis and Design, Little Brown, Boston, 1982.

 9.
, , , ,
, ,
, .
.
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, .
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1) ;
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. , . , .
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,
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. :
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, .

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. 9-2.

9.2.
, .
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: , ICOM-
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 , , . , .
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.
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.
9.4.

, . .
ICOM-, . , . ,
.
:
Alexander, .: Notes on the Synthesis of form, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.,
1964.
Miller, G.: "The magical Number Seven, Plus Or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity
for Information Processing", Tbe Psychology Review, vol. 63, no. 2, March 1956.
Parnas, D.: "On the Criteria to be Used in Decomposing Systems into Modules", CACM, December 1972.
Ross, D.: "An Essay on Activity Diagramming", SofTech Technical Report no. 7104, November, 1976.
Ross, D.: "Principles of Structuring", SofTech Technical Paper no. 082, November 1978.
Rubinsteine, M.: Patterns of Problem Solving, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1975.
SofTech, Inc.: "IDEFO Author's Guide to Creating Activity Diagrams", SofTech Deliverable
no. 7500-13, September 1979.

SofTech, Inc.: "Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) Report: Function Modeling Manual (IDEFO)", contract no. F33612-78-C-5158, SofTech,Inc., 1981.
Thomas, M.: Functional Decomposition: SADT", InfoTech State of the Art Report on Structured Analysis and Design, 1978.

 10.
SADT . , . , ,
. .
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, 7 8 - ,
.
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. 10-3 , - , , , . ,
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.
:
Cohen, G.: "A New Way to Test Writing", 22nd International Technical Communications Conference, 1975.
Elbow, P.: Writing with Power, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, 1982.
Freedman, D., and G. Weinberg: "Walkthroughs, Inspections, and Technical Reviews",
Little Brown, Boston, 1982.
Freedman, D., and G. Weinberg: "Reviews, Walkthroughs, and Inspections", IEEE
Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 10, no. 1, January 1984.
Hale, R.: "Inspections in Application Development - Introduction and Implementation
Guidelines", IBM Report TNL GN20-3814, August 1978.
IBM: "Code Reading, Structured Walkthroughs, and Inspections", IBM Report
GE-19-5200, 1976.
Kohli, R.: "High Level Design Inspection Specification", IBM Report TR21.601, July
1975.
Lannon, J.: Technical Writing, Little, Brown, Boston, 1982.
Yourdon, E.: Structured Walkthroughs, Yourdon Press, New York, 1977.

 11.

, . SADT- , . SADT - , .
, . ,
. ,
, SADT-.
11.1.
1. - , .

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2. . .

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1. .
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.

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5. , ICOM-.
,
.

6.
. ,
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7. .
.

11.4.
SADT-
.
; . , . , -
" ". .

Cohen, G.: "A New Way to Test Writing", 22nd International Technical Communications
Conference, 1975.
Elbow, P.: Writing with Power, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, 1982.
Freedman, D., and Weinberg, G.: "Walkthroughs, Inspections, and Technical Reviews", Little
Brown, Boston, 1982.
Freedman, D., and Weinberg, G.: "Reviews, Walkthroughs, and Inspections", IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 10, no. 1, January 1984.
Hale, R.: "Inspections in Application Development - Introduction and Implementation Guidelines", IBM Report TNL GN20-3814, August 1978.
IBM: "Code Reading, Structured Walkthroughs, and Inspections", IBM Report GE-19-5200,
1976.
Kohli, R.: "High Level Design Inspection Specification", IBM Report TR21.601, July 1975.
Lannon, J.: Technical Writing, Little, Brown, Boston, 1982.
Yourdon, E.: Structured Walkthroughs, Yourdon Press, New York, 1977.

 III
,
SADT- , , . SADT
, , .
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,
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12.2.
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/ .
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SADT- , ,
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. SADT ,
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SADT- , /. , . , . , , . , , , " /". / , .
:
Curtis, . (ed): "Human Factors in Software Development", IEEE Catalog no. EHO 185-9,
IEEE Computer Society, 1981.
Connor, M.: "Structured Analysis and Design Technique - SADT", Auerbach portfolio
32-04-02, 1979.

Freedman, D., and Weinberg, G.: "Walkthroughs, Inspections, and Technical Reviews", Little
Brown, Boston, 1982.
Kemmer, R.: "Testing Formal Specifications to Detect Design Errors", IEEE Transactions on
Software Engineering, vol. 11, no. 1, January, 1985.
Mihram, A.: "The Modeling Process", IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics,
vol. 2, no. 5, November 1972.
Mumford, E.: Designing Human Systems for New Technology, Manchester Business School,
Manchester, England, 1983.
Ross, D. and Schoman, K.: "Structured Analysis for Requirements Definitions", IEEE Transactions on Software engineering, vol. SE-3, no. 1, January 1977.
SofTech, Inc.: "IDEFO Forms and Procedures Guide", SofTech Deliverable no. 7500-11,
September 1979.
Weinberg, G.: The Psychology of Computer Programming, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New
York, 1971.
Yourdon, E.: Structured Walkthroughs, Yourdon Press, New York, 1978.

 13.
, .
SADT- .
/,
. , SADT-, , .
14-16 SADT.
13.1.
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13.6.
SADT- SADT- ,
. , , . , . , ,
.

Connor, M.: "Structured Analysis and Design Technique - SADT", Auerbach portfolio
32-04-02, 1979.
King, L: "Guidelines for an SADT Chief Author", SofTech Deliverable no. 9595-2, 1980.
Ross, D. and Schoman, K.: "Structured Analysis for Requirements Definitions", IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. SE-3, no. 1, January 1977.

 14.
SADT- ,
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:
Freedman, D., and Weinberg, G/ : "Walkthroughs, Inspections, and Technical Reviews", Little Brown, Boston, 1982.
MacKay, D.: Information, Mecanism and Meaning, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1969.
Macnamara, J.: Names of Things, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1982.
0 Rourke, J.: "Writing for the Reader", DEC, 1976.
SofTech, Inc.: "IDEFO Forms and Procedures Guide", SofTech Deliverable no. 7500-11,
September 1979.

 15.
SADT- .
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15.8.
.
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Elbow, P.: Writing with Power, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, 1982.
Freedman, D., and Weinberg, G.: "Reviews, Walkthroughs, and Inspections", IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 10, no. 1, January 1984.
Freedman, D., and Weinberg, G.: "Walkthroughs, Inspections, and Technical Reviews", Little
Brown, Boston, 1982.
Macnamara, J.: Names of Things, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1982.
0 Rourke, J.: "Writing for the Reader", DEC, 1976.
SofTech, Inc.: "IDEFO Forms and Procedures Guide", SofTech Deliverable no. 7500-11,
September 1979.

 16.
.
.
SADT . , : (1)
, (2) / , (3)
, (4) .
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Elbow, P.: Writing with Power, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, 1982.
Lannon, J.: Technical Writing, Little, Brown, Boston, 1982.
Macnamara, J.: Names of Things, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1982.
Minsky, M.: "Form and Content in Computer Science", CACM, vol. 17, no. 2, April 1970.
O'Rourke, J.: "Writing for the Reader", DEC, 1976.
Freedman, D., and Weinberg, G.: "Reviews, Walkthroughs, and Inspections", IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 10, no. 1, January 1984.
Weinberg, G.: Rethinking Systems Analysis and Design, Little Brown, Boston, 1982.
Weinberg, G.: Understanding the Professional Programmer, Little Brown, Boston, 1982.
Weizenbaum, J.: Computer Power and Human Rreason, W.H. Freeman, 1976.

 IV .
.
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100 .
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Alexander, .: Notes on the Synthesis of Form, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.,
1964.
Connor, M.: "Structured Analysis and Design Technique - SADT", Auerbach portfolio
32-04-02, 1979.
Doczi, G.: "The Power of Limits", Shambhala Press, 1981.
Mihram, A.: "The Modeling Process", IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics,
vol. 2, no. 5, November 1972.
Nishio, ., and Nogi, K.: "A Stepwise Composition Technique for User Requirements Definition", International Workshop on Models and Languages for Software Specification and Design, University of Laval, Laval, Canada, March 1984.
Ross, D.: "Principles of Structuring", SofTech Technical Paper no. 082, November 1978.
Ross, D. and Schoman, K.: "Structured Analysis for Requirements Definitions", IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. SE-3, no. 1, January 1977.
SofTech, Inc.: "IDEFO Author's Guide to Creating Activity Diagrams", SofTech Deliverable
no. 7500-13, September 1979.
SofTech, Inc.: "The DWS/CS Emergency Preset Structured Specification", Technical Paper
no. 1083-1, August 1981.

 18.
SADT- . , ,
. , , , , . SADT- . , , . , , . , SADT
.
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, SADT- - SADT
- , .
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SADT-, "",
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. 18-5.
18.6.
SADT- , . SADT : , .
. . ,
. , (, , , ).
, . .
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,
.

Berlin, J.: Semiology of Graphics, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1983.
DeMarco, .: Structured Analysis and System Specification, Yourdon Press, New York,
1978.
Hurley, R.: Decision Tables in Software Engineering, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York,
1983.
Lannon, J.: Technical Writing, Little, Brown, Boston, 1982.

Marca, D.: Applying Software Engineering Principles, Little Brown, Boston, 1984.
Martin, J., and McClure, C.: Diagramming Techniques for Analysts and Programmers, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1985.
Weinberg, G.: Rethinking Systems Analysis and Design, Little Brown, Boston, 1982.

 19.
SADT , , .
SADT- , . , "", "".
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
T
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SADT . , . SADT
. - .

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Dickover, M., and . McGowan: "Software Design Using SADT", SofTech Technical paper
TP061, August 1977.
Mendelson, E.: Introduction to Mathematical Logic, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York,
1964.

Martin, J., and C. McClure: Diagramming Techniques for Analysts and Programmers, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1985.
Parnas, D.: "On the Criteria to be Used in Decomposing Systems into Modules", CACM, December 1972.
Ross, D.: "An Essay on Activity Diagramming", SofTech Technical Report no. 7104, November 1976.
Ross D.: "Structured Analysis (SA): A Language for Communicating Ideas", IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 3, no. 1, January 1977.
Schoman, K.: "SADT and PERT", SofTech Deliverable no. CLIN#0-02AG, November 1977.
SofTech, Inc.: "The DWS/CS Emergency Preset Structured Specification", Technical Paper
no. 1083-1, August 1981.
Savith, W.: Abstract Machines and Grammars, Little, Brown, Boston, 1982.
Weinberg, G.: An Introduction to General Systems Theory, John Wiley, New York, 1975.
Weinberg, G.: Rethinking Systems Analysis and Design, Little Brown, Boston, 1982.

 20.
SADT . , SADT
, , , ,
.
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20.1.
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 .

Brackett, J.: "Structuring the Analysis and Design Process", GUIDE Productivity Symposium,
1976
Burack, E., and Torda, F.: "The Manager's Guide to Change", Lifetime Learning Publications,
1979.
DeMarco, .: "Breaking the Language Barrier", Computerworld, August 1978.
DeMarco, .: "Controlling Software Projects, Yourdon Press, New York, 1982.
Parkin, A.: Data Processing Managment, Little, Brown, Boston, 1980.
Ross, D. and Schoman, K.: "Structured Analysis for Requirements Definitions", IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. SE-3, no. 1, January
1977.
Schoman, K.: "SADT and PERT", SofTech Deliverable no. CLIN#0-02AG, November 1977.
Weinberg, G.: "Understanding the Professional Programmer, Little, Brown, Boston, 1982.
Yourdon, E.: "How to Manage Structured Programming", Yourdon Press, New York, 1976.

 21.
70- SADT . , SADT- , .

ICOM-, SADT, SADT / . , SADT
, .
70- . , , SADT,
. ,
SADT (, ,
,
), AUTOIDEFO.
80-
. .
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AUTOIDEFO, SPECIF_X. , , .
21.1. AUTOIDEFO
, ICAM (Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing),
SADT, IDEFO. ( , SADT
, IDEFO ).
ICAM . IDEF
.
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