(Pilger, M.a.) Science Experiments Index For Young People

Science Experiments
Index for Young

People
Mary Anne Pilger
LIBRARIES UNLIMITED
Science Experiments Index for Young People
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
Science Experiments Index for

Young People
Third Edition
Mary Anne Pilger
2002
LIBRARIES UNLIMITED
A Division of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.
Englewood, Colorado
&
Copyright 2002 Mary Anne Pilger

All Rights Reserved
Printed in the United States of America
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Libraries Unlimited
A Division of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.
P.O. Box 6633
Englewood, CO 80155-6633
1-800-237-6124
www.lu.com
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Pilger, Mary Anne.
Science experiments index for young people / Mary Anne Pilger.-- 3rd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-56308-899-1
1. Science--Experiments--Juvenile literature--Indexes. I. Title.
Q182.3 .P55 2001
016.507'8--dc21
2001054369
Contents
Dedication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Subject Headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Key to Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxx
ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF ENTRIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Books Indexed by Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Books Indexed by Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Dedication
I dedicate this book to my brother, Dr. Robert D. Farrell, for his love and kindness to me all these
many years.
Acknowledgments
I thank Mary Ann Still for this book and the others. She is a marvelous, bright, energetic, and kind
person. She is the best.
vii
Introduction
A child is surrounded by a living, moving, exciting world of happenings, and a child has many questions needing answers.
Ice crackles, snowflakes plop, smoke is blue, green, yellow; flames are blue, red, yellow, white;
things go up in the air and down in the air; sparks fly from pavements; worms disappear like lightning
down a hole; chipmunks pop up here and then over there; sticks float, rocks sink; an eye sees, an ear hears,
a mouth tastes, skin feels.
Investigating science means finding answers to questions. The scientific investigation, the scientific
processwhat do they mean to children? The child has a question and needs an answer; he or she needs to
know what to do to get the answer. Children may be unaware that the process of questioning, doing, and
finding out will further their knowledge of the subject or that their knowing will lead to more complex
questions. The scientific process is inherent in children and their curiosity. It is an ongoing processfinding
answers to their problems, finding information and methods or ways to test their ideas. Science grows from
observations and each child comes to the process from his or her own point of view. Children encouraged to
follow an interest in science will arrive at the serious science fair project stage having already done scientific
work. The research and preparation in the elementary grades are a necessary beginning to more intensive
scientific investigation.
There is an abundance of science information available to children in many books, but at times it is
difficult to locate this information. The third edition of Science Experiments Index for Young People fulfills the need for easy access to information.
This guide, an index to experiments and activities found in elementary and intermediate-level science
books, is intended for use by librarians, teachers, and children. Experiments range from the very simple to
rather complex. The nature and range of the projects and activities will assist children in the experience of
science from the primary grades upward.
The purpose of the index is to guide children in finding information on science experiments for investigative projects, science projects for science fairs, and science projects for those children who want to
find answers and are curious to develop methods to test their own ideas.
Science experiments will never disappear from our schools as long as we have curious, motivated
children eager to find out something. This index guides children to many science experiments but, in particular, helps them explore their ideas to find the right experiment for them.
We can only lead children. I hope this science index provides a pathway for each child who is searching.
ix
Subject Headings
This listing contains all the subject headings used in the text. Consult the text for cross-references between
headings. Entries not found here can be found in the second edition of Science Experiments Index for
Young People (Libraries Unlimited, 1996).
ANIMAL BEHAVIOR
ANIMAL CALLS
ANIMAL CAMOUFLAGE
ANIMAL CELLS
ANIMAL HABITATS
ANIMAL POPULATIONS
3-D VIEWERS
ABACUS
ABERRATION OF LIGHT. See
LENSES; LIGHT; STARS
ABRASION. See EROSION
ABRASIVES. See SANDPAPER
ABSOLUTE ZERO
ABSORPTION
ACCELERATION
ACCELEROMETER
ACID BOGS. See BOGS
ACID RAIN
ACIDOPHILUS BACTERIA
ACIDS AND BASES
ACORNS
ACOUSTICS
ACTION AND REACTION
ADAPTATION. See ANIMAL
BEHAVIOR; ECOSYSTEMS; ENVIRONMENT;
GENETICS
ADDITION
ADDITIVES
ADHESION
ADHESIVES
ADOBE. See BRICKS
ADOBE HOUSES
ADSORPTION. See
CHROMATOGRAPHY
AEOLIAN HARP
AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION.
See DECOMPOSITION
AERODYNAMICS
AEROFOILS. See AERODYNAMICS
AERONAUTICS
AEROSPACE
AFRICAN SAVANNA
AFTERIMAGES
AGRICULTURE
AGRONOMY
AILERONS. See AERODYNAMICS; AERONAUTICS;
AIRPLANES; FLIGHT;
GLIDERS
AIR
AIRCOMPRESSED
AIRCONVECTION
AIRCONVECTION
CURRENTS
AIRPRESSURE. See AIR
PRESSURE
AIR CONDITIONERS
AIR INVERSION
AIR MASS. See CLOUDS;
WEATHER
AIR MASSES
AIR POLLUTION
AIR PRESSURE
AIR PUMPS
AIR RESISTANCE
AIRCRAFT
AIRFOILS
AIRPLANES
AIRSHIPS
ALARMS
xi
ALASKA
ALBEDO EFFECT
ALBUMEN
ALCOHOL
ALGAE
ALGEBRA
ALGEBRAABSTRACT
ALHAZEN
ALKALIES
ALKALI FLAT
ALKALIS
ALKA-SELTZER
ALLELOPATHY. See
PLANTSGROWTH;
SEEDSGERMINATION
ALLOYS
ALTERNATING CURRENT
ALUMINUM
AMATEUR RADIO. See RADIO
AMERICAN PRAIRIES
AMINO ACIDS. See PROTEIN
AMOEBA
AMPERE. See ELECTROMAGNETISM
AMPERE, ANDRE
AMPHIBIANS
AMPLIFIERS
ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITION. See DECAY;
DECOMPOSITION; ROT
ANATOMYHUMAN BODY
ANEMOMETER
ANEMONE
ANEROBIC DECOMPOSITION. See DECAY;
DECOMPOSITION; ROT
ANEROID BAROMETER. See

BAROMETER
ANIMAL BEHAVIOR
ANIMAL CAGES. See CAGES
ANIMAL CALLS
ANIMAL CAMOUFLAGE
ANIMAL CELLS
ANIMAL HABITATS
ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE
ANIMAL POPULATIONS
ANIMAL REPRODUCTION
ANIMAL SKIN
ANIMAL SURVIVAL
ANIMAL TRACKS
ANIMALS
ANIMALSEXTINCT OR
ENDANGERED. See ENDANGERED ANIMALS
ANIMALSFOOD
ANIMALSMOUTHS
ANIMALSPROTECTIVE
COLORATION. See
ANIMAL CAMOUFLAGE
ANIMALSVISION
ANIMATION. See FLIP BOOKS;
MOTION PICTURES;
ZOETROPE
ANNUAL RINGS. See TREES
ANOLES
ANT LIONS
ANTHOCYANINS
ANTHROPOLOGY
ANTIBIOTICS
ANTIBODIES
ANTIGENS
ANTS
APHIDS
APPLE LEATHER
APPLES
APPLIANCES. See HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES
APPROXIMATION THEORY
AQUALUNGS
AQUARIUMS
AQUATIC ANIMALS
AQUATIC INSECTS
AQUATIC MICROORGANISMS
AQUATIC PLANTS
AQUIFERS
ARACHNIDA. See SPIDERS
ARCHAEOLOGY
ARCHES
ARCHIMEDES
ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE
ARCHITECTURE
ARCTIC ANIMALS
ARCTIC REGIONS
ARCTIC TUNDRA
ARCTIC WILDERNESS
ARISTOTLE
ARITHMETIC. See MATHEMATICS; NUMBERS
ARMS
ART ACTIVITIES. See ANIMALSART ACTIVITIES;
NATUREART ACTIVITIES; PLANTSART
ACTIVITIES
ARTESIAN WELLS
ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS
ASCORBIC ACID. See
VITAMIN C
ASTEROIDS
ASTROLABE
ASTRONAUTS
ASTRONOMY
ATMOSPHERE
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
ATOMIZERS
ATOMS
AUTOMATIC CONTROL
SYSTEMS
AUTOMOBILES
AUTUMN. See SEASONS
FALL
AUXINS
AVOCADO
AXLES
BACH, JOHANN SEBASTIAN
BACTERIA
BAKING POWDER
BAKING SODA
BALANCE
BALL BEARINGS
BALLOONS
xii
BALLOONSHOT AIR
BALL RISER
BALLS
BANANAS
BAR CODE READER
BAR GRAPHS. See GRAPHS
BAR
BARK MAPS
BARK RUBBINGS
BAROMETER
BASCOM, FLORENCE DR.
BASEBALL
BASES
BASKETBALL
BATH SALTS
BATHYSCAPH
BATHYSPHERES. See
DIVINGSUBMARINES
BATS
BATTERIES
BATTERIES AND BULBS.
See ELECTRICITY
BATTERIES; BULBS
AND BATTERIES
BEACH
BEACHES
BEADS
BEAM BRIDGE. See BRIDGES
BEAMS
BEANS
BEARINGS. See BALL BEARINGS
BEARS
BEAUFORT WIND SCALE
BEAVERS
BEES
BEETLES
BEHAVIOR
BEHAVIORANIMALS
BELL CURVE
BELL, ALEXANDER
GRAHAM
BELL, MABEL
BELLOWS
BENEDICTUS, EDOUARD
BENHAMS DISK
BERLESE FUNNEL
BERNOULLIS PRINCIPLE
BESSBIGS
BICARBONATE OF SODA
BICYCLES
BINOCULARS
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN
DEMAND. See POLLUTIONWATER
BIOCHEMISTRY
BIOCIDES. See HERBICIDES;
PESTICIDES
BIODEGRADABILITY
BIODEGRADABLE
BIODEGRADATION
BIOELECTRONICS
BIOFILM
BIOLOGICAL CONTROLS
BIOLUMINESCENCE
BIOMASS
BIOMES
BIOREMEDIATION
BIORHYTHMS. See BIOLOGICAL CLOCKS; TIME
SENSE
BIOTIC COMMUNITIES. See
ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEMS; HABITATS
BIRD FEEDERS
BIRD WATCHING
BIRDS
BIRDSBEAKS
BIRDSFEATHERS
BIRDSFLIGHT
BIRDSHOUSES
BIRDSMOUTHS
BIRDSNESTS
BIRDSORPHANS
BIRDSPELLETS
BIRDSPOLLUTION
BIRDSSURVEY
BIRDSVISION
BIRDSWATER
BIVALVES. See CLAMS
BLACK, JOSEPH
BLEACH
BLIMPS
BLIND SPOT
BLOOD
BOATS
BOATSSAILS
BODY CLOCKS
BONES
BONESGAMES
BONSAI
BOOMERANGS
BOREAL FOREST. See TIAGA
BOTANY
BOTTLE GARDENS
BOUNCE
BOUNCING. See BALLS
BOWS AND ARROWS
BOYLES LAW
BRAILLE ALPHABET
BREAD
BREATHING
BRICKS
BRIDGES
BRINE SHRIMP
BROMELIADS
BROWNIAN MOVEMENT
BROODERS
BUBBLES
BUDS
BUGS. See INSECTS
BUILDINGHOUSE
BUILDING
BUILDING MATERIALS
BULBS
BULBSELECTRIC
BULL ROARER
BUOYANCY
BURGLAR ALARM
BUTANE
BUTTER
BUTTERFLIES
BUTTERFLIESCOLLECTION
BUZZERS
CABBAGE. See INDICATORS
CACTUS
CAFFEINE
CAGES
CALCIUM
CALCIUM CARBONATE
CALCULATORS
CALENDAR
CALORIES
xiii
CALORIMETER
CAMERA OBSCURA
CAMERAS
CAMOUFLAGE
CAMP COOKER
CANALS
CANDLES
CANDY
CANNONS
CANYONS
CAPILLARY ACTION
CARBOHYDRATES
CARBON
CARBON CYCLE. See
BREATHING; PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CARBON DIOXIDE
CARBONATED DRINKS
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.
See CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM; HEART
CARNIVOROUS PLANTS
CAROTENE
CARROTS
CARS
CARTESIAN DIVER
CASEIN
CASTS
CATALYST
CATAMARAN BOAT
CATAPULTS
CATERPILLARS
CATNIP
CATS
CAVERNS. See STALACTITES
AND STALAGMITES
CAVES
CAYLEY, GEORGE SIR
CELESTIAL NAVIGATION.
See NAVIGATION
INSTRUMENTS; SOLAR
STONE
CELESTIAL SPHERE
CELLS
CELLS AND BATTERIES
CELLULOSE
CELSIUS, ANDERS
CEMENT
CEMETERIES
CENTER OF GRAVITY
CENTIPEDES
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
CENTRIPETAL FORCE
CEREALS
CEREBELLUM. See HUMAN
BODY
CFCs. See CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
CHALK
CHAMELEONS
CHAOTIC MOTION
CHARCOAL
CHARLES, JACQUES
CHARTS
CHEESE
CHEMICAL ATTRACTANTS
CHEMICAL CHANGES
CHEMICAL ELEMENTS. See
ELEMENTS
CHEMICAL GARDENS
CHEMICAL MAGIC
CHEMICAL PESTICIDES.
See HERBICIDES;
PESTICIDES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHEMICAL TEST
CHEMILUMINESCENCE
CHEMISTRYMAGIC TRICKS
CHEMOTROPISM
CHEWING GUM
CHICKENS
CHLORINE
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS.
See GREENHOUSE EFFECT
CHLOROPHYLL
CHLOROPLASTS. See CHLOROPHYLL; PLANTS
CHLOROPHYLL
CHOCOLATE
CHRISTMAS TREES
CHROMATOGRAPHY
CHROMOSOMES
CICADAS
CIGARETTE SMOKE
CIGARETTES
CILIATES. See PARAMECIUM
CIPHERS
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
CITIESENVIRONMENTAL
ASPECTS
CITRUS FRUITS
CITRUS PLANTS
CITY WEATHER. See URBAN
CITIES WEATHER
CLAMS
CLARK, EUGENIE
CLASSIFICATION
CLAY
CLICHE-VERRE. See
PHOTOGRAPHY
CLICK BEETLES
CLIFFS
CLIMATE
CLIMATE AND PLANTS
CLIMATOLOGY. See
WEATHER
CLINOMETER
CLOCKS
CLONING
CLOTH
CLOTHING
CLOUD CHAMBER
CLOUDS
COAL
COAL MINING
COASTS
COBB, JEWEL PLUMMER DR.
COCKROACHES
COCOONS
CODES
COFFEE
COFFEE FILTERS
COINS
COLD
COLD BLOODED ANIMALS
COLD LIGHT (LUMINESCENCE)
COLD PACKS
COLLISIONS
COLLOIDS
COLOR. See COLORS
COLORATIONPROTECTIVE
COLORED FILTERS
COLORED LIGHTS
xiv
COLORS
COLORSINSECTS
COLUMNS
COMBUSTION
COMETS
COMMUNICATIONS
COMPACT DISC
COMPASS
COMPASS ROSE
COMPOST
COMPOUNDS
COMPRESSED AIR. See
AIRCOMPRESSED
COMPUTER DISKS
COMPUTERS
COMPUTERSPROJECTS
CONCRETE
CONDENSATION
CONDITIONED BEHAVIOR.
See GOLDFISH
CONDITIONING. See
BEHAVIOR; LEARNING
CONDUCTION. See HEAT
CONDUCTION
CONDUCTORS
CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM
CONSTELLATIONS
CONSTRUCTION
CONSUMER GOODS
CONSUMER SAFETY
CONTINENTAL DRIFT
CONTINENTAL PLATES
CONTINENTS
CONVECTION
CONVECTION CURRENTS
COOKERSSOLAR
COORDINATION
COPPER
COPPER PLATING
CORAL REEF
CORBELS
CORIOLIS EFFECT
CORIOLIS FORCE
CORN
CORNHUSK DOLLS
CORONA. See ECLIPSES
CORROSION
CORROSION OF METALS
COSMETICS
COSMIC RAYS
COTTON
CRANE FLIES
CRATERS
CRAYFISH
CRAYONS
CREEKS
CRESS
CRICKETS
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION.
See DETECTIVES
CROSS STAFF
CRUSTACEANS
CRYPTOGRAPHY
CRYSTALS
CURIE POINT
CURIE, MARIE
CURIE, PIERRE
CURRENTSOCEAN
CYANOMETER
CYCLAMATES. See ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS
CYLINDERS
DA VINCI, LEONARDO. See
VINCI, LEONARDO DA
DAGUERRE, LOUIS J.
DAIRY
DAIRY PRODUCTS
DALTON, JOHN
DALTONS THEORY
DAMS
DANDELIONS
DAPHNIA
DARBLING BEETLES. See
MEALWORMS
DARWIN, CHARLES
DATA PROCESSING. See
COMPUTERS
DAY AND NIGHT
DAYLIGHT
DECAY
DECOMPOSERS
DECOMPOSITION
DECOMPRESSION. See
DIVINGSUBMARINES
DEEP SEA DIVER. See

CARTESIAN DIVER
DEFORESTATION. See
EROSION; RAIN FOREST
DEHYDRATION
DELTAS
DEMESTRAL, GEORGE
DENSITIES. See FLOATING
AND SINKING; WATER
DENSITY
DENTIFRICES. See TOOTHPASTE
DERMATOGLYPHICS. See
FINGERPRINTING
DESALINIZATION
DESCARTES, RENE
DESCARTES DIVER. See
CARTESIAN DIVER
DESERT ANIMALS
DESERT BIOMES
DESERT COMMUNITY
DESERT GARDEN
DESERT PLANTS
DESERTIFICATION
DESERTS
DESMIDS
DETECTIVE WORK
DETECTIVES
DETERGENTS
DEW
DEW POINT
DIAPERS
DIATOMS
DIFFRACTION. See LIGHT
DIFFUSION
DIGESTION
DINOSAURS
DINOSAURSGAMES
DIORAMA
DIP NET
DIRECTION
DIRT. See SOILS
DISEASES
DISHWASHERS
DISINFECTANTS
DISSEMINATION. See
SEEDSDISPERSAL
DISTANCE
DISTILLATION
xv
DISTURBED HABITATS. See

ECOSYSTEMS; HABITATS
DIVING BELLS
DIVISION
DNA PROFILES
DOGS
DOLPHINS
DOORBELLELECTRIC
DOORBELLS
DOPPLER EFFECT
DOUGHS
DOWSING
DRAG
DRAGONFLIES
DRAWINGS
DREDGERS
DRIED FLOWERS
DRIED FOOD
DRILLS
DRINK MIXES
DRINKING STRAWS
DRINKING WATER
DRINKING WATER
PURIFICATION
DROPS
DROUGHT
DRUGS
DUCKS
DUCKWEED
DUNCKER EFFECT
DUPONT COMPANY
DYES
EARS
EARTH
EARTHCRUST
EARTHGEOLOGICAL
TIME SCALE
EARTHHORIZON
EARTHROTATION
EARTHSPEED
EARTHS MAGNETIC FIELD
EARTHQUAKES
EARTHWORMS
EARWIGS
EATING. See DIGESTION;
FOOD
ECHO
ECLIPSES
ECLIPSESSOLAR
ECOLOGY
ECOSYSTEMS
EDDY CURRENTS
EDISON EFFECT (RADIOTUBE). See EDISONS
EXPERIMENT
EGGS
EINSTEIN, ALBERT
EINSTEINS NEW LAW OF
GRAVITY
EL NINO
ELASTICITY
ELECTRIC
ELECTRIC METER
ELECTRIC MOTORS
ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICITYBATTERIES
ELECTRICITYCIRCUITS
ELECTRICITY
CONDUCTORS
ELECTRICITYELECTRIC
CURRENT
ELECTRICITYINSULATORS
ELECTRICITYRESISTANCE
TO
ELECTRICITYSTATIC
ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICITYSWITCHES
ELECTRICITYUSAGE
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
ELECTRODES
ELECTROLYSIS
ELECTROLYTES
ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION
ELECTROMAGNETIC
RADIATION
ELECTROMAGNETISM
ELECTROMAGNETS
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS
ELECTRONIC GAMES
ELECTRONICS
ELECTRONS
ELECTRO-OPTICAL RECOGNITION. See IMAGE
RECOGNITION SYSTEM;
SCANNERS
ELECTROPHORUS
ELECTROPLATING
ELECTROSCOPE
ELECTROSTATICS
ELEMENTS
ELEVATORS
ELF. See ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
ELLIPSES
ELODEA
EMBRYOLOGY
EMBRYOS
EMF. See ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
EMULSIFIERS
EMULSIONS
ENDANGERED SPECIES
ENERGY
ENERGY CONSERVATION
ENGINES
ENTOMOLOGY
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION. See ACID
RAIN; BIODEGRADABILITY; BIODEGRADATION; LANDFILLS;
OIL SPILLS; OZONE
LAYER
ENZYMES
EPSOM SALT
EQUINOXES
EQUIPMENTHOW TO
MAKE
ERATOSTHENES
EROSION
ESCALATORS
ESCHER, M. C.
ESPIONAGE. See SPIES
ESSENTIAL OILS
ESTERS
ESTIMATION
ESTUARIES
ETHYL ALCOHOL
ETHYLENE GAS
EUGLENA
EULERS CIRCLES. See
VENN DIAGRAMS
EUTROPHICATION
xvi
EVAPORATION
EVERGLADES
EVOLUTION
EXPERIMENTS. See SCIENCE
EXPERIMENTS
EYE
EYE TRICKS
EYEGLASSES
FABRIC
FAHRENHEIT, GABRIEL
FAIRY SHRIMP
FALL
FALLING BODIES
FALLING OBJECTS
FARADAY, MICHAEL
FARMING
FARMS
FATS
FATS AND OILS
FAX MACHINES
FEATHERS
FEELING. See SENSES
TOUCH
FERMENTATION
FERNS
FERRIES
FERTILIZERS
FIBER OPTICS
FIBERS
FIELD OF FORCE. See
MAGNETIC FIELDS
FILTERS
FILTERS AND FILTERING
FILTERS AND FILTRATION
FINGERNAILS
FINGERPRINTS
FIRE
FIRE EXTINGUISHER
FIREFLIES
FISH
FISH PRINTS
FISH SCALES
FISHING
FISHING INDUSTRY
FISSION, NUCLEAR. See
NUCLEAR BOMBS;
NUCLEAR CHAIN
REACTION
FLAME TESTS
FLAMES
FLASHLIGHT
FLATWORMS
FLAVORS
FLEAS
FLEMING, SIR ALEXANDER
FLEXURE. See PAPER
ENGINEERING
FLIES
FLIESFRUIT FLIES
FLIESHOUSE FLIES
FLIGHT
FLIGHTPRINCIPLES OF. See
AERODYNAMICS;
AERONAUTICS; AIRPLANES; GLIDERS
FLIP BOOKS
FLOATING AND SINKING
FLOODS
FLOUR
FLOWER PRESS
FLOWERS
FLOWERSARRANGING
FLOWERSCANDY
FLOWERSCOLLECTION
AND PRESERVATION
FLOWERSDRIED
FLOWERSIDENTIFICATION
FLOWERSPOLLINATION
FLOWERSPRESSED
FLOWERSWILD
FLUID DYNAMICS
FLUIDS
FLUORESCENT BULB
FLUOROCARBONS. See
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
FLYING
FLYING SAUCERS
FOCAL LENGTH
FOG
FOLDS
FOLIAGE. See LEAVES
FOOD
FOODPRESERVATION
FOODSPOILAGE
FOODSSPOILAGE
FOODUTENSILS
FOOD CHAINS
FOOD WEBS
FOOTPRINTS
FOOTWEAR
FORCE
FORCE AND MOTION
FORECAST. See WEATHER
FORECASTING
FORENSIC SCIENCE. See
DETECTIVES
FOREST
FORMICARIUM. See ANTS
FOSSIL FUELS
FOSSILS
FOUCAULT PENDULUM
FOUCAULT PENDULUM
PRINCIPLE
FOUCAULT, JEAN
FOUNTAINS
FRAGRANCES. See COSMETICS; PERFUMES
FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN
FREEZING
FREEZING POINT
FREQUENCY. See SOUND
FREQUENCY
FRESHWATER
FRICTION
FRISBEES
FROGS
FROST
FRUIT. See FRUITS
FRUIT FLIES
FRUIT JUICES
FRUITS
FRUITSDRIED
FRUITSSEEDS
FRY, ART
FUEL
FUNGI
FUNGICIDES
FUNNELS, BERLESE. See
BERLESE FUNNEL
FURNACES. See HOUSES
FURNACES
FURNACESSOLAR. See
HEATING SYSTEM;
SOLAR FURNACES
xvii
FUSES
FUSION, NUCLEAR. See
NUCLEAR FUELS
GALAXIES
GALILEO, GALILEI
GALILEOS EXPERIMENTS
GALLS
GALVANIZATION
GALVANOMETER
GALVANOSCOPE
GAMES
GARBAGE
GARDENING
GARDENS
GARDENSBOTTLE
GARDENSCHEMICAL
GARDENSINDOOR
GARDENSPESTS
GARDENSWINDOW
BOX
GARDENS WITHOUT SOILS.
See HYDROPONICS
GARLIC
GAS STATIONS
GASES
GASTROPODS. See SLUGS;
SNAILS
GEARS
GELATIN
GENDER
GENERATORS
GENES
GENETICS
GEOLOGICAL TIME LINE
GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE
GEOLOGY
GEOMETRIC FIGURES. See
FRACTIONS
GEOMETRY
GEOTAXIS
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY.
See GEYSERS
GEOTROPISM
GERBILS
GERMINATION
GERMS
GESNER, ABRAHAM
G-FORCES
GIBBERELLINS
GILBERT, WILLIAM
GIRDERS. See BEAMS;
BRIDGES; STRUCTURES
GLACIERS
GLASS
GLIDERS
GLOBAL WARMING
GLOBES
GLOBULESFAT
GLOP
GLUES
GLUTEN
GOATS
GODDARD, ROBERT
GOLD
GOLDEN MEAN
GOLDFISH
GOLDRING, WINIFRED
GOLF
GONZALEZ, ELMA DR.
GOOBLEK
GOODYEAR, CHARLES
GOOP
GOURDS
GRAFTING
GRAINS
GRAPHITE
GRAPHS
GRASSES
GRASSHOPPERS
GRASSLANDS
GRAVITATIONHISTORY
GRAVITROPISM
GRAVITY
GRAVITYCENTER OF
GRAVITY
GRAYWATER. See WATER
CONSERVATION
GREEN LACEWINGS
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
GREENHOUSES
GROTTOES
GROUNDWATER
GROWTH
GUERICKE, OTTO VON
GUITAR
GUPPIES
GYPSUM
GYROSCOPE
HABITATS
HAIL
HAIRHUMAN
HALF-LIFE
HAMSTERS
HAND
HAND GLIDERS. See
GLIDERS
HAND WARMER
HANDEDNESS
HARBORS
HARD WATER
HARDNESS SCALE. See
MOHS SCALE
HARMONOGRAMS. See
LISSAJOUS FIGURES
HARP, AEOLIAN
HATCHING. See EGGS
HAWKING, STEPHEN
HAY INFUSION
HAZELNUTS
HEADLANDS
HEARING
HEART
HEAT
HEATCONDUCTION
HEATCONVECTION
HEATCONVECTION
CURRENTS
HEATINSULATORS
HEATRADIATION
HEAT CONSERVATION. See
ENERGY CONSERVATION; INSULATION;
INSULATORS
HEAT LOSS. See ENERGY
CONSERVATION
HEATERSSOLAR. See
SOLAR ENERGY; SOLAR
HEAT; SOLAR WATER
HEATERS
HEATING
HEATING SYSTEM
HEAVY METALS
HEIGHT
HELICOPTERS
xviii
HELIOTROPISM
HELIUM
HELIX
HERBARIUM
HERBICIDES
HERBS
HEREDITY
HERO ENGINE
HEROS FOUNTAIN
HERSCHEL, CAROLINE
HIBERNATION
HILDEGARD OF BINGEN
HILLS
HODGKIN, DOROTHY
HODOMETER. See
ODOMETER
HOME SECURITY SYSTEMS
HOMES
HONEY
HONEYBEES
HOOKES LAW
HORMONES
HORSEPOWER
HORSES
HORSESHOE MAGNETS. See
ELECTROMAGNETS
HOT AIR BALLOON
HOT FRAMES
HOT SPRINGS. See GEYSERS
HOUSE FLIES
HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES
HOUSEHOLD EQUIPMENT
HOUSEHOLD MACHINES
HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS
HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS
HOUSEPLANTS
HOUSES
HOVERCRAFT
HUMAN BEHAVIOR
HUMAN BODY
HUMAN EVOLUTION
HUMANS
HUMIDITY
HUMIDITYRELATIVE
HUMIDITY
HUMMINGBIRDS
HURRICANES
HYDRA
HYDRAULIC MODELS
HYDRAULICS
HYDROCARBONS
HYDRODYNAMICS
HYDROELECTRIC POWER
HYDROFOILS
HYDROGEN
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
HYDROGENATION
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
HYDROMETER
HYDROPONICS
HYDROTROPISM
HYENAS
HYGROMETERS
HYGROSCOPIC SUBSTANCES
HYPATIA
ICE
ICE AGE
ICE CREAM
ICE CUBES
ICEBERGS
ICEBREAKER
ICEHOUSES
ICICLES
ILLUSIONS
INCLINED PLANE
INCLINES
INCLINOMETER
INDICATORS
INDOOR POLLUTION
INDUCTION
INERTIA
INERTIATRICKS
INFECTIONS
INFRARED RADIATION
INFUSIONS. See HAY INFUSIONS; MICROORGANISMSINFUSIONS
INHERITANCE
INK
INSECTICIDES
INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS
INSECTS
INSECTSBEHAVIOR
INSECTSBIOCONTROL
INSECTSCAGES
INSECTSCAMOUFLAGE
INSECTSCOLLECTION
AND PRESERVATION
INSECTSCOLOR
INSECTSDISSECTION
INSECTSFOOD
INSECTSGARDEN PESTS
INSECTSGROWTH
INSECTSNETS
INSECTSNIGHT
INSECTSPHEROMONES
INSECTSPREDATORS
INSECTSPROTECTIVE
COLORATION
INSECTSREPELLENTS
INSECTSSOIL
INSECTSSTICK INSECTS
INSECTSTRAPS
INSECTSVIEWERS
INSECTSWATER
INSTINCTIVE BEHAVIOR.
See ANIMAL BEHAVIOR
INSTRUMENTS. See MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS
INSULATION
INSULATORS
INTELLIGENCE
INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE
INTERNET PROJECTS
INTERTIDAL ECOLOGY
INTERTIDAL ECOLOGY. See
MARSHES; SEASHORES;
TIDAL POOLS
INTESTINES
INVERTEBRATES
INVESTIGATIONSSCIENCE
EXPERIMENTS
INVISIBLE INKS
INVISIBLE WRITING
IODINE
IONS
IRON
IRRIGATION
ISOMER PATTERNS
ISOPODS
ISOPODS
JACKSON, SHIRLEY
JAPANESE BEETLES
xix
JELLYFISH
JEMISON, MAE DR.
JET ENGINES
JET PLANES
JET PROPULSION
JETS
JOURNALS
JUNGLE TERRARIUM
JUPITER
KALEIDOSCOPES
KALEIDOSCOPES
PROJECTS
KAZOO
KELP
KELVIN SCALE. See
THERMOMETERS
KIDNEYS
KILNS
KINETIC ENERGY
KINETOSCOPE
KING, REATHA CLARK DR.
KITCHEN UTENSILS
KITES
KOVALEVSKAYA, SONYA DR.
LABELS
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT
LACTIC ACID. See
MICROBESBACTERIA;
YOGURT
LADYBUGS
LAENNEC, RENE
LAKES
LAND
LANDECOSYSTEM
LANDEROSION
LAND BREEZES
LANDFILLS
LANDFORMS
LARVAE. See CATERPILLARS;
INSECTS
LARYNX
LASERS
LATENT HEAT
LATEX
LATITUDE
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
LAUNCHER
LAUNCHERS
LAVA
LAVOISIER, ANTOINE
LAW OF UNIFORM ACCELERATION. See GALILEOS
EXPERIMENTS
LAWNS
LE CHATELIER PRINCIPLE.
See RUBBER BANDS
LEAD PENCIL
LEAF LITTER
LEAF PRINT
LEAF RUBBING
LEARNING
LEATHER
LEAVENING AGENTS
LEAVES
LEAVESAIR POLLUTION
LEAVESCOLLECTION
AND PRESERVATION
LEAVESCOLOR
LEAVESPRESSED
LEAVESTRANSPIRATION
LEEUWENHOEK, ANTON
VAN
LEFT-HANDED. See
HANDEDNESS
LEGOS
LEGUMES
LEMMINGS
LEMONS
LENSEYE
LENSES
LENZ, HEINRICH
LEVERS
LEVITATION
LEYDEN JAR
LICHENS
LIFESAVERS
LIFT
LIGHT
LIGHTCOLORS
LIGHTDIFFRACTION
LIGHTRAYS
LIGHTREFLECTED
LIGHTREFLECTION
LIGHTREFRACTION
LIGHTWAVES
LIGHT BULBS
LIGHTNING
LIGHTNING BUGS. See
FIREFLIES
LIMESTONE
LIMPETS
LINES OF FORCE
LIPIDS. See FATS AND OILS
LIQUID CRYSTALS
LIQUIDS
LIQUIDSDENSITY
LIQUIDSIMMISCIBLE
LIQUIDSSURFACE TENSION
LISSAJOUS FIGURES
LITMUS PAPER. See
INDICATORS
LITTER
LIZARDS
LOBSTERS
LOCKS
LOCKSWATERWAYS
LODESTONES
LONGITUDE. See LATITUDE
AND LONGITUDE
LUBRICANTS
LUNAR CRATERS
LUNAR ECLIPSES. See
ECLIPSES
LUNGS
MACHINES
MACHINESFARMS
MACHINESHOUSEHOLD
MAGDEBURG SPHERE
MAGIC
MAGIC TRICKS
MAGLEV TRAIN
MAGNETIC ATTRACTION
MAGNETIC COMPASS
MAGNETIC FIELDS
MAGNETIC INDUCTION.
See ELECTROMAGNETS
MAGNETIC LINES OF FORCE
MAGNETISM
MAGNETITE
MAGNETS
MAGNETSGAMES
xx
MAGNETSTRICKS
MAGNIFICATION
MAGNIFIERS
MAGNIFYING GLASS. See
LENSES
MAMMALS
MANGO SEEDS
MANNED SPACE FLIGHT.
See SPACE FLIGHT
MANUFACTURERS
MAPLE SUGARING
MAPS
MARBLE
MARINE ANIMALS
MARINE BIOFILMS
MARINE PLANTS
MARKING PENS
MARS
MASS
MATERIALS
MATHEMATICS
MATTER
MATUYAMA, MOTONORI
MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK
MAYANS
MAYFLIES
MAZES
MCCLINTOCK, BARBARA
DR.
MEALWORMS
MEASUREMENT
MEAT
MEAT PRESERVATION
MECHANICS
MEDICINE
MEERKATS
MEGAPHONE
MEIOFAUNA
MEMBRANES
MEMORY
MENDEL, GREGOR
MENDELIAL GENETICS
MENSURATION
MERCURY
MERIAN, MARIA SIBYLLE
METAL DETECTORS
METALS
METAMORPHOSIS
METEORITES
METEOROLOGICAL OPTICS.
See RAINBOWS; RAINDROPS; STARS
METEOROLOGY. See
WEATHER; WEATHER
FORECASTING
METEORS
METERS
METRIC SYSTEM
MEXIA, YNES
MICE
MICROBES
MICROBIOLOGY. See
MICROBES; MOLDS;
YEAST
MICROCHIPS
MICROCLIMATE
MICROHABITAT
MICROENCAPSULATION
MICROORGANISMS
MICROPARTICULATION
MICROPHONE
MICROSCOPE
MICROTOME
MICROWAVE OVENS
MIGRATION
MILK
MILKWEED
MILKWEED BUGS
MILLIPEDES
MILLS
MINERALS
MINI CLIMATES
MINING
MIRAGES
MIRRORS
MISSILES. See ROCKETS
MITCHELL, MARIA
MITOSIS. See CELLULAR
REPRODUCTION
MIXTURES
MOBILES
MOBIUS STRIPS
MODELS
MOEBIUS STRIPS. See
MOBIUS STRIPS
MOHS SCALE
MOIRE PATTERNS
MOISTURE
MOLDS
MOLECULES
MOMENTUM
MOMENTUMANGULAR
MONEY
MONUMENTS
MOON
MOON BUGGY
MOON MONTH
MOON PHASES
MOON VEHICLE
MORSE CODE
MORSE, SAMUEL
MOSQUITOES
MOSSES
MOTHS
MOTHSCOCOONS
MOTION
MOTION PICTURES
MOTOR OILS
MOTOR VEHICLES
MOTORS
MOTORSELECTRIC
MOUSE. See MICE
MOUNTAIN BIOME
MOUNTAINS
MOUTHHUMAN
MOVIES
MOVING PICTURES
MUD
MUD HUTS
MULCH
MULTIPLICATION
MUMMIFICATION
MUSCLES
MUSHROOMS
MUSIC
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
MYCELIUM. See MOLDS;
SPORES
MYSTERY POWDERS
NAPIER, JOHN
NATURAL FREQUENCY
NATURAL SELECTION
NATURE DIARIES
NATUREART ACTIVITIES
xxi
NAVIGATION
NAVIGATION INSTRUMENTS
NEGEATIVE GEOTROPISM
NEON
NEON SIGNS
NEPTUNE
NERVES
NESTING FISH. See CICHLIDS
NESTS
NETS
NETSINSECTS
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY. See
HUMAN BODY BRAIN
NEWTON, SIR ISAAC
NEWTONS FIRST LAW OF
MOTION
NEWTONS LAW OF MOTION
NEWTONS SECOND LAW
OF MOTION
NEWTONS THIRD LAW OF
MOTION
NEWTS
NIGHT AND DAY
NITRATES. See FERTILIZERS;
WATER POLLUTION
NITROGEN FIXATION
NITROGEN OXIDE. See
ACID RAIN
NOCTURNAL ANIMALS
NOETHER, EMMY DR.
NOISE
NOISEPOLLUTION
NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID
NORTH POLE
NORTH STAR
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
NOSE. See HUMAN BODY;
SENSESSMELL
NUCLEAR CHAIN REACTION
NUCLEAR POWER
NUCLEATION
NUMBERS
NUTRITION
NUTS
NYLON
OBSERVATION
OCEAN
OCEAN ANIMALS
OCEAN COLOR
OCEAN CURRENTS
OCEAN FLOOR
OCEAN POLLUTION
OCEAN SALINITY
OCEAN SHORELINES
OCEAN TIDES
OCEAN WAVES
OCEAN WINDS
OCEANOGRAPHERS
OCEANOGRAPHY. See DIVING BELLS; SEAWATER
ODOMETER
ODOR EATERS
ODORS
OERSTED, HANS CHRISTIAN
OERSTEDS DISCOVERY
OERSTEDS EXPERIMENT
OIL
OIL POLLUTION. See OIL
SPILLS
OIL RIGS
OIL SLICKS
OIL SPILLS
OILS AND FATS. See FATS
AND OILS
ONIONS
OOBLECK
OOBLIK
OPTICAL FIBERS
OPTICAL ILLUSIONS
OPTICS
OPTICSFIBER. See FIBER
OPTICS; OPTICAL FIBERS
ORANGES
ORBITER SPACE SHUTTLE
ORGANIC WASTE
ORIGAMI
ORION
ORRERY
OSMOSIS
OSMOSISPLANTS
OUTER SPACE
OUTER SPACEEXPLORATION. See SPACE SCIENCE; SPACE TRAVEL
OVENS. See DRYING AND
STERILIZING OVEN
OVERPOPULATION. See
POPULATION
OWL PELLETS
OWLS
OXIDATION
OXIDIZERS
OXYGEN
OXYGENCARBON
DIOXIDE CYCLE
OYSTERS
OZONE LAYER
PACE. See DISTANCE
PACKAGING
PAINTING
PAINTS
PALEONTOLOGIST
PANGAEA
PANTOGRAPH
PAPER
PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY
PAPER CUTTING TRICKS
PAPER MAKING
PAPER TOWELS
PAPERMATH MAGIC
PAPIER MACHE
PARACHUTES
PARALLEL CIRCUITS. See
ELECTRICITYCIRCUITS
PARAMECIA
PARASITOIDS. See WASPS
PARCHMENT
PASCALS LAW
PASCALS PRINCIPLE
PASTE
PASTEUR, LOUIS
PAULING, LINUS
PAVLOVS THEORY
PEANUT BUTTER
PEANUTS
PELLETSBIRD
PENCILS
PENDULUMS
PENICILLIN
PENS
PEPPERS GHOST
PERCEPTION
PERCOLATION
xxii
PERFUMES
PERIPHERAL VISION
PERISCOPES
PERSISTENCE OF VISION
PEST CONTROL
PESTICIDES
PESTICIDES
PETS
PETSBEHAVIOR
pH
PHASES OF MOON. See
MOONPHASES
PHENAKISTOSCOPE
PHENOLPHTHALEIN
PHEROMONES
PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHORESCENCE
PHOTOCOPIERS
PHOTOGRAMS
PHOTOGRAPHY
PHOTOPERIODISM
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PHOTOTROPISM
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS.
See SOLAR CELLS
PHYSICAL CHANGES
PHYSICS
PIAGET. See CONSERVATION OF MASS
PICTOGRAPHS. See GRAPHS
PICTOGRAPH
PIGEONS
PIGMENTS
PIGPEN CIPHER
PILL BUGS
PINEAPPLES
PINECONES
PINHOLE CAMERA
PINWHEELS
PITCH
PITFALL TRAPS
PLANARIANS
PLANETARIUM
PLANETS
PLANKTON
PLANT LICE. See APHIDS
PLANTS
PLANTSACID RAIN
PLANTSAIR POLLUTANTS
PLANTSAUXINS
PLANTSBACTERIA
PLANTSCAPILLARY
ACTION
PLANTSCARBON DIOXIDE
PLANTSCELLS
PLANTSCHLOROPHYLL
PLANTSCLASSIFICATION
PLANTSCLONING
PLANTSCOLLECTION
AND PRESERVATION
PLANTSCOLOR
PLANTSCOMMUNICATION
PLANTSDISEASES
PLANTSDYES
PLANTSELECTRICITY
PLANTSENERGY SOURCES
PLANTSEROSION
PLANTSEVAPORATION
PLANTSFERNS
PLANTSFERTILIZERS
PLANTSFLOWERS
PLANTSFREEZING
PLANTSFRUITS AND
SEEDS
PLANTSGEOTROPISM
PLANTSGERMINATION
PLANTSGRAFTS
PLANTSGRAVITY
PLANTSGROWTH
PLANTSHORMONES
PLANTSHUMIDITY
PLANTSHUMUS THEORY
PLANTSHYDROPONICS
PLANTSINSECT REPELLENTS
PLANTSINSECT PESTS
PLANTSINSECTS
PLANTSLEAVES
PLANTSLICE. See APHIDS
PLANTSLICHENS
PLANTSLIGHT
PLANTSMOVEMENT
PLANTSMUSIC
PLANTSNUTRIENTS
PLANTSOSMOSIS
PLANTSOXYGEN
PLANTSPHOTOSYNTHESIS
PLANTSPHOTOTROPISM
PLANTSPIGMENTS
PLANTSPOLLINATION
PLANTSPOLLUTION
PLANTSPOTATOES
PLANTSPRESS
PLANTSPROPAGATION
PLANTSRESPIRATION.
See PLANTS OXYGEN
PLANTSROOTS
PLANTSSEEDS
PLANTSSTARCH
PLANTSSTEMS
PLANTSSTOMATA
PLANTSTOUCH STIMULI
PLANTSTOUCHING
PLANTSTRANSPIRATION
PLANTSTRAVELING. See
SEEDSDISPERSAL
PLANTSTROPISMS
PLANTSVEGATATIVE
PROPAGATION
PLANTSVEGETATIVE
REPRODUCTION
PLANTSVINES
PLANTSWATER
PLANTSWATER
POLLUTANTS
PLANTSWEAVING
PLASTER CASTS
PLASTER OF PARIS
PLASTIC WRAPS
PLASTICS
PLATE TECTONICS
PLATELETS
PLAY DOUGH
PLAYGROUNDS
PLIMSOLL LINE
PLIMSOLL, SAMUEL
PLUMB LINE
PLUNKETT, ROY J.
PLUTO
PNEUMATIC MACHINES
POLAR BEARS
POLAR BIOMES
POLARIS
POLARISCOPE
xxiii
POLARIZATION OF LIGHT
POLARIZED GLASSES
POLARIZED LIGHT
POLE STAR. See POLARIS
POLLEN
POLLINATION
POLLS
POLLUTION
POLLUTIONAIR
POLLUTIONNOISE
POLLUTIONOIL
POLLUTIONWATER
POLYETHYLENE
POLYMERS
POMANDERS
PONDS
PONDSALGAE
PONDSANIMALS
PONDSECOSYSTEMS
PONDSINSECTS
PONDSORGANISMS
PONDSPLANTS
PONDSPOLLUTION
POPCORN
POPULATIONANIMAL. See
ANIMAL POPULATIONS
POPULATIONINSECTS
POPULATIONPEOPLE
PORCUPINES
POST-ITS
POTATOES
POTATOESSWEET
POTENTIAL ENERGY
POTPOURRI
POULTRY BROODER
POULTRY. See CHICKENS
POWDERS
PRAIRIES
PRAIRIES
PRAYING MANTIS
PRECIPITATES
PREDATORS
PREDICTIONS
PREHISTORIC ANIMALS
PRESERVATIVES
PRESSPLANTS
PRESSURE
PRIESTLEY, JOSEPH
PRIMATES
PRINTING
PRISMS
PROJECTILES
PROPAGATION. See PLANTS
PROPAGATION;
PLANTSVEGETATIVE
PROPAGATION
PROPELLERS
PROPRIOCEPTION
PROTECTIVE COLORATION
PROTEIN
PROTISTS
PROTOZOA
P-TRAPS
PULLEYS
PULSE
PUMPKINS
PUMPS
PUNNETT SQUARE. See
HEREDITY
PUPAS
PURIFICATION PLANT
PURIFICATION WATER. See
WATER PURIFICATION
PUTTY
PYRAMIDS
QUADRATS
QUANTUM THEORY
QUICKSAND
QUILL PEN
QUIZ BOARD
QUIZ BOARD GAMES. See
ELECTRONIC GAMES;
QUIZ BOARD
QUIZ BOARD REAGENTS.
See INDICATORS
RABBITS
RACCOONS
RACING CARS
RADIANT ENERGY
RADIANT HEAT
RADIATION
RADIO
RADIO WAVES
RADIOACTIVE ATOMS
RADIOACTIVE DECAY
RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS
RADIOACTIVITY
RADIOMETER
RAIN
RAIN CYCLE
RAIN FOREST
RAIN GAUGE
RAINBOWS
RAINDROPS
RAISINS
RAMPS
RATIO AND PROPORTION
RATS
REACTION TIME
REAGENTS. See INDICATORS
RECORD PLAYERS
RECYCLING
RED BLOOD CELLS
REDI, FRANCESCO
REFLECTION
REFLEX ACTION
REFLEXES
REFRACTION
REFRIGERATION
REFRIGERATORS
REFUSE AND REFUSE
DISPOSAL
REGELATION. See ICE
CUBES
REGENERATION
REGULATORS
RELATIVE HUMIDITY. See
HUMIDITYRELATIVE
HUMIDITY
RENEWABLE ENERGY
SOURCE. See METHANE
REPELLENTS
RESERVOIRS
RESONANCE
RESPIRATION
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RETINA
RETTING
RHEOSTAT
RIEMANN, GEORGE F. B.
RIGHT-HANDED. See
HANDEDNESS
xxiv
RIPPLE TANK. See WAVES

RIVERS
RIVERSECOSYSTEMS
ROAD POLLUTION
ROADS
ROBOTS
ROCK CANDY
ROCK POOLS
ROCKETS
ROCKS
ROCKSCOLLECTION AND
PRESERVATION
ROCKSCRAFTS
RODENTS
ROLLER BLADES
ROLLER DERBY
ROLLERS
ROOFS
ROOTS
ROOTSDIRECTION OF
GROWTH
ROT
ROTATIONAL MOTION
ROTIFERS
RUBBER
RUBBER BANDS
RUBBINGS
RUBBINGSBARK
RUMFORD, COUNT
RUST
RUTHERFORD, ERNEST
SACCHARIN
SAFES
SAFETY GLASS
SAILBOATS
SAILBOATSMODELS
SAILS
SAKIA
SALAMANDERS
SALINITY
SALINITYOCEAN
SALIVA
SALT
SALTWATER
SALVAGE
SAND
SAND CLOCKS
SANITARY LANDFILLS. See

LANDFILLS
SATELLITES
SATURN
SCALESMEASUREMENT
SCARECROWS
SCAVENGERS. See BIODEGRADABILITY
SCHOOLS
SCHOOLSENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS
SCIENCE FAIR PROJECTS
SCIENCE PROJECTS
SCINTILLATIONS
SCREWS
SCULPTURE
SCUM
SEA BREEZES
SEABIRDS
SEALS
SEASHELLS
SEASHORE
SEASHORE BIOLOGY. See
BARNACLES; LIMPETS;
MUSSELS; PERIWINKLES;
SEA STARS; SEAWEED
SEASHORE ECOLOGY
SEASONS
SEASONSFALL
SEASONSSPRING
SEASONSSUMMER
SEASONSWINTER
SEAT BELTS
SEAWATER
SEAWATER SALINITY. See
OCEAN SALINITY
SEAWEED
SECRET MESSAGES
SECRET WRITING
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
SEDIMENTATION
SEDIMENTS. See CLAY;
EROSION; DIRT; MUD;
ROCKS; SOIL
SEED SHRIMP. See
OSTRACODS
SEEDS
SEEDSANATOMY
SEEDSDISPERSAL
SEEDSFRUIT
SEEDSGERMINATION
SEEDSIMBIBITION
SEEDSSPROUTS
SEEDSTREES
SEISMOGRAPH
SEISMOMETER
SENSES
SENSESHEARING
SENSESSIGHT
SENSESSMELL
SENSESTASTE
SENSESTASTE AND SMELL
SENSESTOUCH
SENSORY PERCEPTION
SEPARATION
SEWAGE TREATMENT
SEWAGE TREATMENT
PLANT
SEWING MACHINES
SEX RATIO
SEXTANT
SHADOW CLOCKS
(SUNDIALS)
SHADOWS
SHADUF
SHAPES
SHARKS
SHEEP
SHELLS
SHELLSCOLLECTION
AND PRESERVATION
SHIPS
SHOCK WAVES
SHOES
SHORELINES
SHRIMPBRINE
SIAMESE FIGHTING FISH
SIDEREAL DAY. See TIME
SIGN LANGUAGE
SIGNALS
SILHOUETTES
SILLY PUTTY
SILVER
SILVERFISH
SIMPLE MACHINES
xxv
SIMPLE MACHINES
BALLBEARINGS
SIMPLE MACHINES
BELLOWS
SIMPLE MACHINES
BLOCK AND TACKLE
SIMPLE MACHINESCOGS
SIMPLE MACHINES
GEARS
SIMPLE MACHINES
INCLINED PLANE
SIMPLE MACHINESLEVERS
SIMPLE MACHINES
PULLEYS
SIMPLE MACHINESRAMPS
SIMPLE MACHINES
ROLLERS
SIMPLE MACHINESSCREWS
SIMPLE MACHINES
WEDGES
SIMPLE MACHINESWHEEL
AND AXLE
SIMPLE MACHINES
WHEELS
SIMPLESSE
SINKS
SIPHONS
SKIN
SKY
SKYSCRAPERS
SLIDE PROJECTORS
SLIDESMICROSCOPE
SLIME
SLIME MOLDS
SLIMES
SLOPES
SLOPESNATURAL
SLUGS
SMOG
SMOKE
SMOKING
SNAILS
SNOW
SNOWFLAKES
SNOWSHOES
SOAP
SOAP BUBBLES
SOAPSTONE
SOCIAL SCIENCECONSUMER USE OF SOFT

DRINKS. See SOFT
DRINKS
SODIUM BICARBONATE.
See BAKING SODA
SODIUM CHLORIDE. See
SALT
SOFT DRINKS
SOIL CONSERVATION. See
EROSION; SOILS
EROSION
SOILS
SOILSECOLOGY. See
EARTHWORMS
SOILSEROSION
SOILSPOLLUTION
SOLAR CELLS
SOLAR COLLECTORS
SOLAR COOKERS
SOLAR DISTILLATION. See
SOLAR STILL
SOLAR ECLIPSES. See
ECLIPSESSOLAR
SOLAR ENERGY
SOLAR GREENHOUSE
SOLAR HEAT
SOLAR HEATERS
SOLAR HEATING
SOLAR HOMES
SOLAR OVENS
SOLAR RADIATION
SOLAR STILL
SOLAR SYSTEM
SOLAR WATER HEATER
SOLENOID
SOLID WASTES
SOLIDS
SOLUBILITY
SOLUTIONS
SOLUTIONSSUPERSATURATED. See CRYSTALS
SOLVENTS
SOOT
SOUND
SOUNDAMPLIFIERS
SOUNDDIFFRACTION
SOUNDDIRECTION
SOUNDDOPPLER
EFFECT
SOUNDECHOES
SOUNDEFFECTS. See
SOUND EFFECTS
SOUNDFREQUENCY
SOUNDHUSHERS
SOUNDINSULATORS
SOUNDMUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS
SOUNDPITCH
SOUNDREFLECTION
SOUNDREFRACTION
SOUNDRESONANCE
SOUNDSPEED
SOUNDTELEPHONE
SOUNDTRAVELS
SOUNDVIBRATIONS
SOUNDWAVES
SOW BUGS
SPACE
SPACE COLONY
SPACE CREATURES
SPACE SHUTTLE
SPACE STATION
SPACE SUITS
SPACE TRAVEL
SPACECRAFT
SPARK PLUGS
SPEAKERS. See SOUND
AMPLIFIERS
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
SPECTROPHOTOMETER
SPECTROSCOPE
SPECTRUM
SPEED
SPHERES
SPIDER WEBS. See SPIDERS
WEBS
SPIDERS
SPIDERSWEBS
SPIES
SPINNERS
SPINNING
SPIROGYRA
SPITTLEBUGS
SPONGES
SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
xxvi
SPORE PRINTS
SPORES
SPORTS
SPREADSHEETS
SPRING
SPRING PEEPERS
SPRING SCALES
SPRINGS
SPROUTS
SQUIRRELS
STABILITY
STAG BEETLES
STAIN REMOVERS
STAINED GLASS
STAINING
STAINS
STALACTITES AND
STALAGMITES
STAMENS
STARCH
STARFISH
STARS
STARSCONSTELLATIONS
STATIC ELECTRICITY
STATISTICS
STATUES
STEADINESS TESTER
STEAM ENGINES
STEAM TURBINE ENGINE
STEAMBOAT
STEEL WOOL
STEMS
STENTORS. See INFUSORIA;
SPIROSTOMA
STERILIZATION
STETHOSCOPE
STICK INSECTS
STILTS
STOKES LAW
STOMATA
STORAGE BATTERY
STORAGE CELL
STORMS
STOVES
STREAM TABLE
STREAMLINING
STREAMS
STREET LIGHTS
STRENGTH
STRING INSTRUMENTS
STROBOSCOPE
STRUCTURAL STRENGTH
STRUCTURES
SUBMARINES
SUBMERSIBLES
SUCROSE
SUGAR
SULFUR
SULFUR DIOXIDE
SUMMER
SUN
SUN PRINTS
SUN SCREENS
SUN SPOTS
SUN TEA
SUNECLIPSES
SUNDEW PLANTS
SUNDIALS
SUNGLASSES
SUNLIGHT
SUNRISES
SUNSCREENS
SUNSETS
SUNTAN LOTIONS. See
SUNSCREENS
SURFACE TENSION
SURFACTANTS. See DETERGENTS; SOAP; WATER
SOFTENERS
SURVEYING THEODOLITE
SURVEYS
SUSPENSIONS
SWEET POTATOES
SWIMMING
SWIMMING POOL
SWIMSUITS
SWITCHES
SYMMETRY
SYNODIC TIME. See TIME
TADPOLES
TAIGA
TALEIDOSCOPE
TANNIC ACID
TANNINS
TAP ROOT
TAPE RECORDINGS
TARNISH
TASTE
TASTE AND SMELL
TEA
TECTONIC PLATES
TEETH
TEFLON
TELEGRAPH
TELEPHONE
TELESCOPE
TELEVISION
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE INVERSION
TENEBRIO BEETLES. See
MEALWORMS
TENNIS
TENSILE STRENGTH
TERMINAL VELOCITY
TERMITES
TERRARIUMS
TESTS
TEXTILES
THAUMATROPE
THERMAL ENERGY
THERMAL POLLUTION
THERMAL RADIATION
THERMOGEL
THERMOMETERS
THERMONUCLEAR ENERGY
THERMOPLASTICS
THERMOSTAT
THIGMOTROPISM
THOMSON, J. J.
THUMB. See HUMAN BODY
THUNDER AND LIGHTNING
THUNDERSTORMS
TIDE POOLS
TIDES
TIE-DYE
TIME
TIME CAPSULES
TIME LINES
TIME ZONES
TIMERS
TIRES
TOADS
TOBACCO HABIT. See
SMOKING
xxvii
TOMATOES
TOOTHPASTE
TOPIARY
TOPOLOGY
TOPS
TORNADOES
TORRICELLI, EVANGELISTA
TOUCH
TOYS
TRACKS. See TRACKS AND
TRACKING
TRACKS AND TRAILING
TRAFFIC
TRAFFIC LIGHTS
TRAINS
TRANSECT
TRANSFORMERS
TRANSPORTATION
TRAPS
TRAPSINSECTS
TRASH
TREES
TRIBOLUMINESCENCE
TROPICAL FISH
TROPISMS
TROTULA OF SALERNO
TSUNAMIS
TUBERS. See PLANTS; ROOTS
TUNA
TUNDRA BIOMES
TUNDRA ECOLOGY
TURBINES
TURBULENCE
TURTLES
TWIGS
TWINING. See PLANTS
VINES; VINES
TYNDALL EFFECT
TYNDALL, JOHN
UFO
ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT
ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
ULTRAVIOLET RAYS
UNDERGROUND HOMES.
See HOUSES
UNDERWATER ANIMALS
UNDERWATER
EXPLORATION
UNDERWATER VIEWER
UNIVERSE
URANUS
URBAN CITIESWEATHER
URBAN ECOLOGY
VACUUM
VACUUM CLEANERS
VALLEYS AND HILLS
VALVES
VAN GUERICKE, OTTO. See
GUERICKE, OTTO VON
VAPOR
VAPORIZATION. See SOLAR
STILL
VEGETABLES
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION. See PLANTS
VEGETATIVE
PROPAGATION
VELCRO
VELOCITY
VENUS
VENUS FLYTRAP
VERMICOMPOSTING
VERSORIUM
VIBRATIONS
VIEWERS
VINEGAR
VISCOSITY
VISION
VITAMIN C
VITAMINS
VIVARIUMS
VOICE
VOLCANOES
VOLTA, COUNT
ALESSANDRO
VOLTMETER
VOLUME
VOLVOX. See EUGLENA
VON GUERICKE, OTTO. See
GUERICKE, OTTO VON
VULCANIZATION
WALKIE TALKIE
WALKING
WALKING STICKS. See

INSECTSSTICK
INSECTS
WALLACE, NANCY D.
WALNUTS
WARTHOGS
WASHING MACHINES
WASTE
WASTE TREATMENT
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
WATER
WATER ANIMALS
WATER CLOCKS
WATER CONSERVATION
WATER CYCLE
WATER DROP MAGNIFIER
WATER DROPS
WATER FLEAS. See MICROSCOPE; DAPHNIA
WATER FOUNTAINS
WATER LENS
WATER MAGNIFIER
WATER OF HYDRATION
WATER POLLUTION. See
WATER POLLUTION
WATER POWER
WATER PRESSURE. See
WATERPRESSURE
WATER PUMPS
WATER PURIFICATION
WATER SCOPE
WATER SOFTENERS
WATER SUPPLYHOUSES
WATER TABLE
WATER TREATMENT
PLANTS
WATER TURBINES
WATER VAPOR. See
WATERVAPOR
WATER VIEWER
WATER WHEELS
WATERABSORPTION
WATERADHESION
WATERAQUIFER
WATERBOILING POINT
WATERBUOYANCY
WATERCAPILLARY
ACTION
xxviii
WATERCLOCKS. See
WATER CLOCKS
WATERCOLLECTION
WATERCOMPRESSED
WATERCONDENSATION
WATERCONVECTION
WATERDENSITY
WATERDESALINIZATION
WATERDISPERSION
WATERDISPLACEMENT
WATERDISTILLATION
WATERDRINKING
WATERELECTROLYSIS
WATEREROSION
WATEREUTROPHICATION.
See EUTROPHICATION
WATEREVAPORATION
WATEREXPANSION
WATERFILTERS AND
FILTERING
WATERFLOATING AND
SINKING
WATERFREEZING
WATERFREEZING POINT
WATERHARD AND SOFT
WATERICE
WATERINSECTSR
WATERLAMINAR FLOW
WATERLEVEL
WATERPOLLUTION
WATERPRESSURE
WATERPURIFICATION
WATERSALTWATER
WATERSOFTENERS
WATERSOLUTIONS
WATERSURFACE
TENSION
WATERUSES
WATERVAPOR
WATERVIEWER
WATERWEIGHT
WATERBEDS
WATERCLOCKS. See WATER
CLOCKS
WATERFALLS
WATERPROOFING
WATERWHEELS
WAVES
WAXES
WEATHER
WEATHER FORECASTING
WEATHER INSTRUMENTS
WEATHER STATION
WEATHER VANES
WEATHERING. See EROSION
WEAVING
WEBS
WEDGES
WEEDS
WEIGHING MACHINES
WEIGHT
WELLS
WET BULB. See
HYGROMETER
WET CELL BATTERY
WETLANDS
WETTING AGENTS. See
DETERGENTS; SOAP;
SURFACTANTS
WHALES
WHEAT
WHEEL AND AXLE
WHEELS
WHIRLIGIGS INSECTS
WHIRLPOOLS
WHISTLES
WHOOPING CRANES
WILDFLOWERS
WILDLIFE OBSERVATION
WIND
WIND CHILL
WIND CHIMES
WIND CURRENTS
WIND DIRECTION
WIND ENERGY
WIND SPEED
WIND TUNNELS
WIND VANES
WINDMILLS
WINOGRADSKY, SERGE
WINTER
WIRES
xxix
WOLVES
WOOD
WOOD LICE
WOOD LOUSE. See SOW
BUGS
WOODS. See FOREST
WOOL
WORK. See FORCE; ENERGY
WORMS
WRIGHT BROTHERS
WRIGHT, JAMES
WRITING INSTRUMENTS
WRITINGINVISIBLE
WU, CHIENG-SHIUNG, DR.
YAMS
YEAST
YOGURT
ZIPPERS
ZOETROPE
ZOOLOGY
Key to Index
The index is arranged in the following order:
Cross-reference
Subject
Project
description
ANIMAL BEHAVIOR. See also Individual

Animals
ANIMAL CALLS
Screamer to imitate animal calls, make from
scrap paper 1744:87-88
ANIMAL CAMOUFLAGE
Animals color blends into surrounding; pick up
colored beads experiment 1581:30-31
Game demonstrates protective coloring camouflage 1603:90-91
ANIMAL CELLS
Model that resembles group of animal cells living
together experiment, balloons in fish tank
1546:10-11
ANIMAL HABITATS
Surveying an animals preferred habitat experiment 1571:85-87
ANIMAL POPULATIONS
Estimating animal populations with capturerecapture method, how to calculate project
1583:38-42
Book number
(refer to Books Indexed by
Number on page 261).
Page number
After finding an experiment of interest, check the book number in the back of the index to discover
the author, title, and publication data for the book in which the experiment is printed.
xxx
&
3-D VIEWERS
3-D viewer made from long cardboard tube
1629:34-36
ABACUS. See also ADDING MACHINES
Half adder; build a half adder in which EOR and
AND gates produce the total experiment
1532:173
Processing unit; make an abacus that adds binary
numbers the same way as a processing unit
1532:172
ABERRATION OF LIGHT. See LENSES; LIGHT;
STARS
ABRASION. See EROSION
ABRASIVES. See SANDPAPER
ABSOLUTE ZERO
Heat flows from warmer outside to colder inside
experiment with penny on neck of frozen
bottle 1707:24
ABSORPTION. See also FATS
How do hot and cold packs work experiment
1567:21-23
How does Silly Putty pull a cartoon from the
funny pages experiment 1754:44
How paper towels soak up water easy experiments
1857:62-65
Objects that do and do not absorb water experiment
1970:67
ACCELERATION. See also FORCE; GRAVITY;
INERTIA
Measure constant acceleration due to gravity
using downhill racing car experiment
1839:207-221
Slope of board affects acceleration of toy car
experiment 1748:39
Time and distance related to velocity and acceleration of object experiment using Phantom
Feet toy 1839:203-206
Two objects with same shape and mass may
behave differently when they roll down a
hill experiment 1579:42-44
ACCELEROMETER
Auto pilot, internal guidance system uses accelerometers experiment, how to make accelerometer 1532:114-115
Measure g-forces on a roller coaster with G-Meter

Scale, how to make 1959:56-59
ACID BOGS. See BOGS
ACID RAIN
Acid eats into rocks experiment 1632:9
Acid effect on plants experiment using strong
acid, weak acid and water 1692:19
Acid rain and particulate air pollution, science
principles, activities, data sheets
1875:116-119
Acid rain effect on plant growth experiment
1638:62-65
Acid rain effect on plants experiment using four
dilutions of vinegar and water 1550:49
Acid rain test, how to do 1796:51-52
Bean plant growth harmed by direct contact with
acid rain experiment 1569:67-73
Bean plants; effect on three growing bean plants
experiment 1603:119
Bedrock; effect of different kinds of bedrock on
different kinds of acidity experiment
1550:49-50
Books and activities about acid rain 1741:22-25
Buildings; acid rain damages buildings experiment
1783:28-29
Earthworms; how do earthworms react to acid
rain experiment 1921:81-83
Freshwater; how does acid rain in freshwater affect
the cell structure of spirogyra experiment
1539:106-108
Ideas for science fair projects 2023:278
Limestone rock affected by acid rain experiment
using vinegar and chalk 1751:6
Monuments; how do monuments become worn
away simple project 1876:137-144
Origins of acid rain experiment; is there a connection between acid rain and wind currents
1569:81-85
pH of rainwater experiment 1594:38-39
pH test of rainwater experiment 1987:62-63
Pine trees; can limestone be used to protect pine
trees from acid rain experiment 1539:100-101
Plants cant grow with vinegar acid water experiment 1750:14-15
Plants damaged by acids experiment 1632:9
Plants; acid rain effect on plants experiment

1848:159-161
Ponds; create acid rain from pond water filled
with plankton experiment 1820:32-33
Rainwater samples and groundwater tested for
Sand Diego County endangered by acid rain
project 2012:154-161
Seedlings; effect of acid rain on lettuce seedlings
experiment 1739:27
Seeds; effect of acid rain on growth of seeds over
7-day period experiment 1898:113-114
Test rain and water samples for acid experiment
1603:33-34
Test rainwater, pond water and vinegar for acidity
1546:21
Test rainwater for acid experiment with red cabbage
indicator 1739:27
Test; red cabbage juice indicator used to test for
acid rain 1953:260
What can acid precipitation do experiment
1743:26-27
ACIDOPHILUS BACTERIA. See also BACTERIA
ACIDS AND BASES. See also CHEMICAL
REACTIONS; INDICATORS; SOLUTIONS
Acid plus base liquids neutral experiment 1981:68
Acid-base indicator and basic water solutions
experiment 1637:41
Acid-base indicators from fruits and vegetables
experiment 1915:58-59
Cabbage juice indicator determines acid or base
of substances experiment 2022:111
Carbonated lemonade demonstrates acids and
bases experiment 1680:28-29
Chalk fizzes from vinegar experiment 1754:22
Difference between baking soda and baking powder
Ethane molecular model experiment 2054:116-117
Food; test for acid in different foods experiment
1849:127-129
Food; what happens when you cook broccoli in
an acid or base experiment 1568:118-119
Fruit; why does cut fruit turn brown experiment
1804:30-31
Fruits; are fruits acid experiment, use red cabbage
indicator 1893:12-13
Household items; test lemon juice, baking soda
and other household substances using a red
cabbage indicator 1548:40-43
How can you tell an acid from a base experiment
using cabbage juice 1568:64-65
Kitchen; identifying acids and bases in the
kitchen experiment 1981:63-67
Lemons; why do lemons taste sour easy experiments

with red cabbage indicator 1857:40-42
Litmus paper experiment to test for acids and
bases 1953:284-286
Methane molecular model experiment
2054:116-117
Neutralize an acid experiment 1743:108-111
Painting acids and bases on red cabbage brew
paper experiment 2001:62-63
Pickles; why are pickles sour experiment
1804:32-34
Plant pigments; blue and red plant pigments experiment with acid-base indicator 1637:42
Red cabbage indicator determines acid and base
Red cabbage indicator identifies pH of different
solutions experiment 1933:28-29
Red cabbage indicator test for acids and bases
experiment (Primary) 1619:22-23
Red cabbage indicator test for molecules presence
of acid experiment 2054:116-117
Red cabbage indicator tests for acids and bases in
foods experiment 1627:26-28
Red cabbage indicator used to tell if household
substances are an acid or base experiment,
chart given 1758:8-9
Red cabbage indicator used to test liquids and
juices experiment 1917:52-53
Red cabbage leaves indicator to identify acids
and bases experiment 1888:60-64
Red cabbage or beet water used as indicator
experiment 1680:28
Red cabbage test for acids and bases experiment
2014:15-18
Red cabbage used to test an acid or base experiment 1934:89-92
Salt; where does salt come from experiment
1906:53-54
Soda; what makes orange soda fizz experiment
1568:106
Soil; test soil to see if it is acidic or alkaline and
if it will support animal life experiment
1546:22-23
Substances tested for acid or base using purple
cabbage indicator experiment 1833:183
Substances; what does litmus paper tell us about
substances experiment 1844:41-42
Teeth; how do acids affect tooth enamel experiment 2037:254
Test rain water, pond water and vinegar for acidity
1546:21
Turmeric dipsticks test for a base experiment
1933:30
Airplane; Delta Dart model airplane, effect of

design modification on flight of airplane
experiment (Advanced) 1839:251-256
Airplane; model plane with rubber band driven
propeller, how to build 1558:34-35
Airplane; model propeller pushes air backward to
push plane forward experiment 1558:32-33
Airplane; triplane experiment, how to make from
balsa wood 1558:26-27
Airplanes; why airplanes fly easy experiments to
demonstrate with balloons 1857:14-17
Airship experiment using helium filled party
balloons experiment 1558:20-21
Bernoullis principle; air pressure experiment
with blowing air between ping pong balls
1707:10
Birds; phenakistoscope used to show how birds
move wings in flight experiment 1558:6-7
Blow out candle placed behind jar or book
Boomerang; spin of boomerang gives it stability
in the air experiment 1558:9
Cannon used to investigate trajectories of cannon
balls experiment 1558:12-13
Fan; portable fan becomes aircraft engine experiment 1532:20-21
Flaps on wings and tail control flight direction
Flights affect accuracy of arrows from crossbow
Frisbee; spin of Frisbee gives it stability in the air
experiment 1558:8
Funnel used to blow out a candle experiment
1879:106-108
Glider uses energy from stretched rubber band
for power experiment, how to make
1558:22-23
Glider; swing-wing glider model demonstrates
wings at low and high speeds experiment
1558:30-31
Helicopter; rotor of helicopter experiment, make
two models to see how helicopter works
1558:40-41
Hot air rises experiment with spinning fan over
candles 1558:18
Hot air rises experiment, make hot air balloon to
demonstrate 1558:19
Jet balloon models demonstrate jet engines
1558:42-43
Kite experiment based on early work of Mabel
Bell and her husband Alexander 1658:42-45
Kites; experiment with forces that keep kite in
the air 1558:14-15
Turmeric test for acids and bases experiment

2014:19-21
What are acids and bases experiment 1904:57-61
ACORNS
Germinate an acorn experiment 2044:32-33
ACOUSTICS. See also HEARING; SOUND;
SOUNDPITCH; SOUNDVIBRATIONS
Behavior of confined sound experiment
2045:42-43
ACTION AND REACTION. See also BERNOULLIS
PRINCIPLE
ADAPTATION. See ANIMAL BEHAVIOR;
ECOSYSTEMS; ENVIRONMENT;
GENETICS
ADDITION. See also MATHEMATICS
ADDITIVES. See also FOODADDITIVES
ADHESION. See also COHESION; GLUES;
WATERSURFACE TENSION
Oil keeps syrup from sticking to metal experiment
1672:27-28
ADHESIVES. See also GLUES
Super adhesive from milk and vinegar, how to
make 1801:22-23
ADOBE. See BRICKS
ADOBE HOUSES
Adobe brick earth house, how to make bricks and
build 1599:125-128
ADSORPTION. See CHROMATOGRAPHY
AEOLIAN HARP. See also MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS
AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION. See
DECOMPOSITION
AERODYNAMICS. See also AIRPLANES;
BERNOULLIS PRINCIPLE;
BOOMERANGS; GLIDERS;
HELICOPTERS; HOT AIR BALLOONS;
KITES; PARACHUTES; ROCKETS;
STREAMLINING; WINDMILLS
Aircraft; backward-moving stream of air drives
aircraft through the sky experiment
1532:20-21
Aircraft; vertical take off and landing (VTOL)
aircraft experiment, how to make
1558:42-43
Airfoil experiment, how to make airfoil 2043:8-9
Airfoil provides lift that keeps airplane in the air
experiment, how to demonstrate 1558:24-25
Airfoil; test for different angles of attack to see
which generates most lift of airfoil experiment 1539:158-159
AGRICULTURE
Demonstrate amount of land available for agriculture experiment 1848:188-190
AGRONOMY. See also SOILS
AILERONS. See AERODYNAMICS; AERONAUTICS; AIRPLANES; FLIGHT; GLIDERS
AIR. See also ATMOSPHERE; CONVECTION;
OXYGEN; SOUNDS; WINDS
Air and water differ in their ability to store heat
Air expands and contracts as its density changes
experiment 1528:73
Air expands to greater volume when warmed
experiment 1528:27
Air expands when heated experiment 1980:46-47
Air has weight experiment 1528:24
Air has weight experiment 1878:33-34
Air has weight, science principles, activities, data
sheets 1875:88-90
Air has weight; how to make a balloon balance
Air is in water experiment 1883:11-14
Air pushes water out of the way experiment
1980:23-25
Air takes up space and has weight experiment
1832:94-97
Air takes up space easy experiment 1857:6-9
Air takes up space experiment 1613:47-57
Air takes up space experiment 1758:10-11
Air takes up space experiment 1831:41
Air takes up space experiment 1842:4
Air takes up space experiment with balloon in a
bottle 1790:105-112
Air takes up space experiment with tissue in cup
staying dry experiment 1790:113-117
Air takes up space, science principles, activities,
data sheets 1875:88-90
Air takes up space; balloon in bottle experiment
1883:8-11
Balloon on bottle demonstrates what happens to
heated and cooled air experiment 1753:9
Candle burns oxygen in air and carbon dioxide in
lung air experiment 1980:78-81
Carbon dioxide is heavier than air experiment
1980:37-39
Carbon dioxide is more dense than air experiment
1678:19-20
Elastic air in balloon lets balloon bounce experiment 1753:5
Flame needs oxygen to burn experiment using
candle burning under jar 1548:18-20
Kites; force of wind makes kite move experiment

1613:207
Kites; high-flying kite experiment 1630:22-24
Kites; three styles of simple paper kites compared
to ability to move in the wind 1613:207:220
Parachute demonstrates drag, how to make parachute 2043:12-13
Parachute uses canopy to increase air resistance
for slow fall experiment 1558:16
Rocket to launch space shuttle model, how to
make 1558:44-45
Shapes affect lift experiment 1842:219-220
Space shuttle model with delta wings to demonstrate high speed flight, how to make
1558:28-29
Wing; flying wing experiment, faster the airflow;
more lift wing receives 1532:109
AEROFOILS. See AERODYNAMICS
AERONAUTICS. See also AIRPLANES;
BALLOONS; BERNOULLIS PRINCIPLE;
GLIDERS; HELICOPTERS; KITES;
PARACHUTES; ROCKETS
Airfoil experiment, how to make 2030:12-13
Airfoil; cylinder airfoil versus box wing experiment 2030:14-15
Airplanes; ball suspended in stream of air demonstrates why airplanes fly experiment
1579:3-7
Flying fish, make from paper 1745:43-44
Skimmer from toilet paper tube, rope and straws
Suspend ball in stream of air experiment 1579:3-7
AEROSPACE. See also FLIGHT
AFRICAN SAVANNA
Diorama of Savanna; animals, trees, flower and
insects, how to do 1807:36
Grass plants, dried and mounted, how to do
1807:30
Grass seeds, how to plant, grow and observe
leaves, flowers and roots experiment
1807:13,30
Night hunters have trouble seeing in dim light
experiment 1806:22
Stride of animals is key to animals escape; compare
with your stride experiment 1807:18
AFTERIMAGES
Afterimages experiments with one or both eyes
and colored filters 1612:117-118
Afterimages: bird in the cage experiment; stare at
color and see it change 1576:17-20
Afterimages: flash of light prints lingering image
in your eye experiment 1576:3-7
Fluidics: air flow around shapes experiment

2045:48-49
Food; air in food experiment 1678:27-29
Fruit syrup from berry fruits demonstrates plants
and oxygen and carbon dioxide
1678:10-11
Gas; what is a gas experiment 1678:6-9
Gases can dissolve in air experiment 1673:19-23
Gases; which gas passes through a balloon
fasterair or carbon dioxide experiment
1673:26-28
Heat causes air to expand experiment 1900:57-58
Heat makes liquid water evaporate and become
water vapor experiment 1678:21-23
Heated air takes up more space and pushes
apart layers of pastry apple turnovers
1678:15-18
Hot air rises demonstration with balloon over neck
of bottle 1649:35
Hot air rises experiment 1700:25
Hot air rises experiment with mobiles 1831:98-99
Insulators; testing air and soil as insulators
experiment 1540:65
Magic trick coins jumps on top of bottle experiment
1712:10-11
Mass; measuring the mass of air experiment
1985:36
Mass; measuring the mass of water in air and
water experiment 1985:40-42
Microbe populations in your backyard over time
Microbes; relationship between time of day and
microbes in air experiment 1570:152-153
Microbes; speed of travel affects microbes
Oxygen in air, how much is there experiment
1953:220
Oxygen in air; how to measure the amount
Oxygen in the air experiment using candle burning
under jar 1548:18-20
Oxygen; how much oxygen is there in air experiment 1915:55-56
Oxygen; repeat Lavoisiers experiment measuring
percentage of oxygen in air 1637:19
Pour air experiment 1842:5
Primary science activities with air 1931:50-53
Properties of air experiments 1953:261-282
Soil; can soil hold air, science principles, activities,
Sucking an egg into a jar demonstrates hot air takes
up more space than cool air experiment
1879:108-110
Temperature effect on air volume and air pressure

Trapped air in confined space experiment 1902:27-29
Warm air expands and cold air contract experiment
1878:30-32
Water cant get into jar unless air gets out experiment 1546:6-7
Water; can water hold air, science principles,
activities, data sheets 1875:98-99
Water; when does water get into the air experiment 1905:71-72
Weigh air experiment with balance and balloons
1980:26-23
Weighing air experiment using balance beam
(how to build balance beam) 1606:37-40
Weight and pressure of air experiment 1842:8
Weight; air has weight experiment 1842:6-7
Weight; compare weight of carbon dioxide and
air in balloons experiment 1606:42
Weight; what does air weigh experiment
1904:121-123
When does air sink experiment 1905:66-68
Wind; which way does the wind blow experiment 1753:12
AIRCOMPRESSED. See also CARTESIAN DIVER
Air can be compressed experiment with Cartesian
diver in bottle of water 1842:10-11
Air can be squeezed together or compressed
Air magically lifts marble in grabber experiment
1831:32-33
Air pressure makes heat experiment with tire
pump and basketball 1906:102-103
Compare differences between compressing air
and water experiment 1902:39-42
Magic trick non-bursting balloon experiment
1711:22-23
Pneumatic machines; marble and plastic bags
demonstrate pneumatic machine experiment
1831:43
Rabbit pops out of a box trick experiment 1831:50-51
AIRCONVECTION
candles 1558:18
demonstrate 1558:19
Stimulate air currents, movement due to convection experiment 1861:31
When does air rise experiment 1905:62-65
AIRCONVECTION CURRENTS
Create air currents with hot and cold water and
food coloring 1704:29
Lichens; air pollution effect on lichens experiment

1570:33-34
Lichens; look for different kinds of lichens as a
test for air pollution 1721:25
Measure air pollution on rainy day with filter and
jar experiment 1826:42
Plants are air filters; they absorb carbon dioxide
and release oxygen experiment 1528:163
Rain water samples filtered for pollution experiment
1970:153
Sea levels rising due to pollution; effect on low-lying islands and coasts experiment 1528:162
Smell pollution of onions taken away by lemon
juice experiment 1540:63
Snow pollution experiment 2025:22-23
Survey of air pollution in different places using
self-adhesive plastic experiment 1826:43
Test and compare how much dirt collects in
Vaseline smeared lids experiment 1632:4
Test for air pollution using transparent tape on
cardboard experiment 1883:18-21
Test for air pollution with petroleum jelly and
paper plates experiment 1970:149
Test for air pollution with Vaseline coated cards
Test; rubber bands on coat hanger test for air
pollution experiment 1603:117-118
Towns; what section of a town has the most airborne particles pollution experiment
1539:102-103
AIR PRESSURE. See also BAROMETER;
PARACHUTES; SIPHONS
Air holds up a parachute easy experiment
1857:10-13
Air lifts water when you blow into cut straw
Air pressure affects water flow experiment
1842:22-23
Air pressure empties bottles of water experiment
1878:35-36
Air pressure stops you from inflating balloon in
bottle experiment 1606:63-64
Air pump, how to make 1711:41
Air-powered rocket from balloon, how to build
1606:74-75
Aneroid barometer; make to measure air pressure
experiment 1758:32
Atomizer; make an atomizer with a drinking
straw experiment 1842:39-40
Balloon pump experiment, how it works
1840:131-136
How convection currents are produced experiment

2050:175-179
Rising air in oven experiment, make a lemon
cake to demonstrate 1678:12-14
AIRPRESSURE. See AIR PRESSURE
AIR CONDITIONERS
Can of hair spray sprayed on thermometer
demonstrates principle of air conditioning
1673:22-25
Evaporation of water used for cooling experiment
1787:49-53
Expanding gases can be used for cooling experiment 1787:54-58
Microbes on dirty air conditioning filters experiment 1570:31-32
Salt can be used for heating and cooling experiment
1787:40-44
Shade trees keep things cool experiment 1787:45-48
AIR INVERSION
What causes an air inversion experiment 1953:221
AIR MASS. See CLOUDS; WEATHER
AIR MASSES
Compare heat capacities of sand and water
experiment 1528:70
Compare relative temperature and humidity of
different air masses 1528:71
Do warm and cool air masses mix experiment
1528:71
Front; making a weather front with water experiment 1528:77
Sinking and rising air experiment 1528:76
AIR POLLUTION. See also LICHENS;
POLLUTIONAIR; SMOG
Acid rain and particulate air pollution, science
principles, activities, data sheets
1875:116-119
Air pollution measured using Vaseline coated
slides experiment 1876:182
Air pollution tester experiment, make from clear
dishes with petroleum 1830:93
Air samples under microscope experiment
2027:74-75
How badly polluted is your air experiment 1739:26
Indoor air pollution and houseplants; which
houseplants best clean the air experiment
1569:105-110
Leaf samples checked for air pollution experiment
1739:26
Leaves; investigate air pollution on tree and bush
leaves experiment 1721:23
Balloon remains inflated with its mouth open

Barometer used to observe effects of air pressure
changes on it experiment 1840:115-122
Barometer; air pressure measured with aneroid
barometer experiment; how to make 1528:25
Barometer; how does a barometer predict the
weather experiment 1568:35-36
Card on glass of water demonstrates air pressure
Coin bounces on bottle top from air pressure
Collapsing can demonstrates air pressure experiment 1820:35
Collapsing can experiment 1606:62-63
Collapsing can experiment 1890:44
Collapsing can experiments demonstrates weight
of atmosphere 1906:61-63
Collapsing container from outside air pressure
experiment 1758:72
Collapsing jug of water experiment demonstrates
air pressure 1673:12-15
Create air pressure experiment using bottle, balloon,
vinegar and baking powder 2017:19
Crush a bottle with air pressure experiment 1700:15
Crush a gallon can without touching it experiment
1842:15-16
Crush a soda can with air pressure experiment
1842:17-18
Demonstrate air pressure with paint stick on table
covered with newspaper 1648:25
Demonstrations of air and water pressure using
soda bottles experiment 1550:31
Drinking; how can air help us drink experiment
1842:20-21
Effect of air pressure demonstrated by water
fountain experiment 1840:123-130
Effect of air pressure on a sealed can experiment
1980:69-70
Effect of air pressure on pipettes, straws and funnels
Egg flips from one egg cup to another experiment
1659:6-8
Hydraulic lifter lifts object experiment 1711:40
Index card holds water in upside down glass
Keeping water in an upside-down glass experiment 1879:111-112
Lift heavy objects with air experiment using
book and plastic bag 1753:10
Magdeburg hemispheres experiment repeated
1980:71-73
Magic marble trick demonstrates simple pneumatic

lifting machine 1717:12-13
Magic trick fountain defies gravity experiment
1719:14-15
Magic trick rolling ball experiment 1711:14-15
Magic watering can experiment 1640:93
Moving air has lower air pressure than air that is
not moving experiment 1839:39-43
Operations of different pumps and compare effectiveness of each pump experiment
1840:131-136
Paper stays dry in water experiment 1753:4
Plastic bottles put in freezer demonstrate air pressure
experiments 1978:60-63
Plastic bowls cant be pulled apart experiment
1820:68-69
Pressure gauge to measure pressure of gas in a
balloon, how to build 1606:66-68
Reduced air pressure can lift liquid experiment
1902:57-60
Rocket balloon demonstrates what happen to air
under pressure experiment 1753:6
Rocket-powered boat, how to build 1606:75
Shape of an object affects how the object falls
through the air experiment 1753:8
Snow; walking on snow experiment 1990:112-114
Squeeze an egg into a soda bottle experiment
1831:40
Strength; how strong is air pressure experiment
1753:7
Suction cup experiment to demonstrate air pressure
1980:74-75
Test to feel air pressure at work experiment
1758:37
Torricellis discovery of air pressure experiments
1586:49-53
Upside-down glass of water trick demonstrates
how strong air pressure is 1707:13
Vacuum; repeat Von Guerickes experiment with
strength of vacuum 1658:25-26
Water does not spill out of upside down glass of
Water stays in upside down mug due to air pressure
experiment 1739:15
Water stays inside inverted screen-covered jar
Water; get water out of the air experiment
1842:50
What is air pressure experiment 1678:24-26
What is reduced air pressure experiment
1904:8-10
Why does a dipping bird drink experiment
1990:110-111
AIR PUMPS
Air pump lifts books experiment 1890:42-43
Air pump lifts person experiment 1890:43
AIR RESISTANCE. See also GLIDERS;
PARACHUTES
Air friction affects falling objects experiment
2045:52-53
Parachute size affects its fall experiment 1754:77
Spinner demonstrates air resistance experiment,
how to make 1558:17
Terminal velocity; measure terminal velocity of
falling balloon experiment 1606:49-50
AIRCRAFT. See also AERONAUTICS; AIRPLANES; GLIDERS; HELICOPTERS; JETS
AIRFOILS
Airfoil experiment with angle of airfoil model
1802:40-41
Test for different angles of attack to see which
generates most lift of airfoil experiment
1539:158-159
AIRPLANES. See also AERONAUTICS; HELICOPTERS; HOT AIR BALLOONS; JETS
Airlines; when was the first airline started experiment 1906:2-3
Autopilot, internal guidance system uses accelerometers experiment, how to make accelerometer 1532:114-115
Axes of flight experiment demonstrates pitch,
roll and yaw movements 1935:78-79
Backward-moving stream of air drives aircraft
through the sky experiment 1532:20-21
Ball suspended in stream of air demonstrates
why airplanes fly experiment 1579:3-7
Balsa wood model plane experiment to test
weight, drag, thrust and lift 1748:18-19
Cockpit; model cockpit demonstrates how pilots
controls work experiment 1558:36-37
Delta Dart model airplane, effect of design modification on flight of airplane experiment
(Advanced) 1839:251-256
Design an airplane for a special task experiment
1842:235-236
Design; create an airplane of a new design experiment 1842:234
Designing paper airplanes for distance experiment
1935:20-21
Flaps on wings and tail control flight direction

Glider; swing-wing glider model demonstrates
wings at low and high speeds experiment
1558:30-31
Instrument flight; where was the first instrument
flight made experiment 1906:8-11
Model plane from paper and drinking straw, how
to make 2043:38-39
Model plane with movable flaps and stabilizer
Model plane with rubber band driven propeller,
how to build 1558:34-35
Model propeller pushes air backward to push plane
forward experiment 1558:32-33
Paper airplane experiment; modify design to make
it fly better 1890:36-37
Pilots cockpit controls experiment; make rudder,
control stick, central pivot and elevator
1558:36-39
Portable fan becomes aircraft engine experiment
1532:20-21
Rocket bomber from rolled up piece of paper
experiment 1630:28
Rudder controls airplane turns experiment
2030:32-34
Scientific activities, thematic units, games, puzzles,
childrens literature 1945:207-220
Speed of paper airplane experiments 1955:27-30
Stunt flyer best ever paper airplane experiment
1630:26
Triplane experiment, how to make from balsa
wood 1558:26-27
What keeps an airplane up experiment 1935:40
What makes an airplane fly experiment
1904:3-7
When was the first airplane flown experiment
1905:9-11
Why airplanes fly easy experiments to demonstrate
with balloons 1857:14-17
Wind test baffle test on a balsa wood glider experiment 1864:185-188
Wind tunnel; build wind tunnel to test design of
paper airplanes experiment 1770:57
Wind tunnel; will your airplane soar in a wind
tunnel experiment 1842:223-224
Windows; polarization and stress analysis of airplane window experiment 1539:160-162
Wing flaps control airplane turns experiment
2030:35-36
Wing; flying wing experiment, faster the airflow;
more lift wing receives 1532:109
ALGEBRAABSTRACT
Mathematics big ideas experiment; the commutative property of addition 1869:46-53
ALHAZEN
Convex lens effect on a image experiment based
on Alhazens writings 2027:14
ALKALIES. See also ACIDS AND BASES
ALKALI FLAT
Alkali flat in arid climates; simulate formation
experiment 1550:17
ALKALIS
Where does salt come from experiment 1906:53-54
ALKA-SELTZER. See also CARBON DIOXIDE
Film container with Alka-Seltzer and water moves
toy truck experiment 1890:77-78
ALLELOPATHY. See PLANTSGROWTH;
SEEDSGERMINATION
ALLOYS
Melting metal experiment using lead-free solder
1674:18-20
ALTERNATING CURRENT. See also
ELECTRICITYELECTRIC CURRENTS
ALUMINUM. See also MINERALS
AMATEUR RADIO. See RADIO
AMERICAN PRAIRIES
Activities, science experiments and craft projects
1550:3-14
AMINO ACIDS. See PROTEIN
Sources of amino acids experiment 1849:29-30
Why egg whites become white and foamy when
beaten experiment 1849:30-33
AMOEBA. See also MICROSCOPE; PROTOZOA
AMPERE. See ELECTROMAGNETISM
AMPERE, ANDRE
Galvanoscope (Ampere invention) detects electric current experiment 1605:42-43
AMPHIBIANS. See also FROGS; SALAMANDERS;
TOADS
AMPLIFIERS. See also SOUNDAMPLIFIERS
Transistor amplifier works to amplify a weak
current experiment 1532:142-143
ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITION. See DECAY;
DECOMPOSITION; ROT
ANATOMYHUMAN BODY. See also HUMAN
BODY
ANEMOMETER
Anemometer measures wind speed, make from
paper plate and cup 1753:116
AIRSHIPS
When were airships popular experiment
1905:6-8
ALARMS. See also BURGLAR ALARMS;
ELECTRIC; FIRE ALARMS
Burglar rug alarm, how to make 1657:79-81
Flood alarm, how to make model from tubing,
wire, battery and buzzer 1896:26-27
ALASKA
Soapstone carving from bar of soap experiment
1817:58
ALBEDO EFFECT
How effective is insulation to prevent heat loss
experiment 1528:28
Measure and compare albedo effect of two surfaces
experiment 1528:29
Percentage of Suns energy reflected by surfaces
is called its albedo experiment 1528:28
ALBUMEN. See also EGGS
ALCOHOL
Alcohol as fuel; recycling wastes into energy
Relationship between alcohol dosage and dependence in a rat experiment 1539:115-117
ALGAE. See also DIATOMS; MICROSCOPE
Acid rain; how does acid rain in freshwater affect
the cell structure of spirogyra experiment
1539:106-108
Algae and snails left in dark or light for month
experiment 1652:112
Algae art, how to collect, dry and mount 1812:27
Classification of fungi, bacteria, algae and protists
in pond water experiment 1570:84-85
Color of light affects growth of algae cells experiment 1570:97-98
Electromagnetic radiation harmful to algae experiment 1569:74-80
Grow algae plants experiment, how to do
1555:116
Limpets leave trails in algae experiment 1752:74
Medicine; does algae have any medicinal qualities
Phosphate detergents effect on freshwater plant
and animal life experiment 1864:163-164
Snails feeding habits control growth of algae in
aquarium tank experiment 1571:152-153
Soils; presence of algae in soils experiment
1570:140-141
ALGEBRA. See also MATHEMATICS
Mealworms life cycle length affected by temperature, food and moisture experiment
1595:55-61
Mealworms react to light, touch and chemicals
Owls need both ears to find direction of food
Sleep; do animals sleep more than humans
experiment 1595:72
Sow bugs prefer dry, damp or wet environment
Sow bugs prefer light or darkness experiment
1595:46-49
Walking straight and balance in the dark experiment 1595:39-42
ANIMAL CAGES. See CAGES
ANIMAL CALLS
Screamer to imitate animal calls, make from
scrap paper 1744:87-88
ANIMAL CAMOUFLAGE. See also
COLORATIONPROTECTIVE;
Game demonstrates protective coloring camouflage 1603:90-91
ANIMAL CELLS
Model that resembles group of animal cells living
together experiment, balloons in fish tank
1546:10-11
ANIMAL HABITATS
ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. See also MAZES
ANIMAL POPULATIONS
Estimating animal populations with capturerecapture method, how to calculate project
1583:38-42
Estimating the population of an animal species,
how to do 1826:32-33
ANIMAL REPRODUCTION
Pregnancy, birth and longevity relationships of
animals experiment 1571:80-81
ANIMAL SKIN
How skin covering protects animals from the
cold experiment 1848:86-89
ANIMAL SURVIVAL
Cuddling together helps animals stay warm
Anemometer shows how hard wind is blowing,

how to make 1892:37
Cup anemometer, how to make 1953:251
How does an anemometer work experiment
1842:103
Make anemometer from plastic cups, balsa wood
and beads 1925:17
Make anemometer from protractor, ruler and
ping pong ball 1739:20
Make from corrugated cardboard, paper cups,
clay 1537:34-35
Make from straw, paper cups, paper plate, nails
and wooden board 1648:62-63
Paper cup anemometer measures wind speed,
how to make 2014:150
Recording temperature and effect of wind on it
experiment, how to build anemometer
1894:10-11
Robinson anemometer, how to build with straws,
cups and pencils 1861:34-35
Wind speed measured by anemometer experiment;
how to make 1528:59
Wind speed measured experiment with homemade
anemometer 1861:32-35
Wind speed measured with a homemade anemometer, how to make 1842:101-102
ANEMONE
Anemone patterns 1834:43
ANEROBIC DECOMPOSITION. See DECAY;
DECOMPOSITION; ROT
ANEROID BAROMETER. See BAROMETER
ANIMAL BEHAVIOR. See also Individual
Animals
Dog: conditioning your dog to respond to a stimuli
(bell, whistle, etc.) experiment 1595:15-16
Earthworms prefer dry or damp soil experiment
1595:50-54
Earthworms prefer light or darkness experiment
1595:50-54
Earthworms prefer sand, soil or dead leaves
Earthworms react to vinegar or ammonia experiment 1595:50-54
Earthworms respond to red light experiment
1595:50-54
Fish learn to associate sound with food experiment
1546:15
Fish: temperature affects a fishs gulping (respiration) rate experiment 1595:62-64
Food; ability to find food with three pets experiment; dog, ferret and hamster 1571:10-12
10
ANIMATION. See FLIP BOOKS; MOTION

PICTURES; ZOETROPE
Animation drum or zoetrope turns to produce illusion
of moving pictures experiment 1541:24-27
ANNUAL RINGS. See TREES
ANOLES
Do anoles prefer mealworms or crickets experiment 2020:122-125
How do male anoles respond to their own image
in a mirror experiment 2020:126-128
Will anole change color in response to a color
change in its surroundings experiment
2020:132-136
Will male anole respond to a photograph of another
male, or does the image have to be moving
ANT LIONS
Ant lions given choice between cover and no cover
will choose cover experiment 1652:123
Ant lions will choose sand over other materials
experiment 1652:123
Do ant lions fling sand and sugar the same distance
experiment 1652:129
Experiments with ant lion, data sheets given
1652:115-129
How to catch and keep ant lions 1653:14-17
Hungry ant lion more likely to change location of
its pit experiment 1652:129
Will rain cause ant lion to change location of its
pit experiment 1652:123-129
ANTHOCYANINS. See also PIGMENTS
Anthocyanin pigment experiment 1637:42
Blue and red plant pigments experiment with
acid-base indicator 1637:42
ANTHROPOLOGY
Discovering your own roots, how to do
1756:111
ANTIBIOTICS
Are dandelions as effective as commonly prescribed
antibiotics against bacteria experiment
1539:126-128
Comparison of over-the-counter antibiotics
Effect of antibiotics on bacterial growth experiment 1571:144-146
Effect of antibiotics on different types of bacteria
ANTIBODIES
Do blood donors have to be of same blood type
as recipient experiment 1571:64-66
Polar bear keeps warm from stored fat under its

coat experiment with thermometer and
butter 1581:37-38
Stride of animals is key to animals escape; compare with your stride experiment 1807:18
Which type of insulation (hair, down, feathers or
lard) is best at retaining heat experiment
1571:132-134
ANIMAL TRACKS. See also TRACKS AND
TRAILING
How to make casts of animal tracks 1603:93-94
Making cast of animal tracks project 1583:49-53
ANIMALS. See also MAMMALS; MARINE
ANIMALS; Names of Individual Animals
Are fatter animals warmer experiment 1851:69
Bones; preserving and studying animal bones
project 1583:125-126
Color of animals hair or feathers affects its body
temperature experiment 1851:69
Fat layer under the skin keeps animals warm
Location of a continent affects its animal life
Night insects and animals can be observed in
grapefruit half left on ground overnight
experiment 1546:67
Soil animals; find the animals in soil and leaf
litter experiment 1692:24
Thematic units, activities, experiment and projects
1975:41-52
Winter; how animals keep warm in winter experiment using box of gelatin 1655:22-23
Winter; how do animals stay warm in the winter
ANIMALSEXTINCT OR ENDANGERED. See
ENDANGERED ANIMALS
ANIMALSFOOD
Determine why grass can survive being nibbled
by animals experiment 1848:105-107
ANIMALSMOUTHS
Mouths of animals and birds work better for certain
foods than others experiment 2041:18-19
ANIMALSPROTECTIVE COLORATION. See
ANIMAL CAMOUFLAGE
ANIMALSVISION
How structure of animals eyes helps them survive
1581:31-32
Type of vision in animals whose eyes face forward
11
ANTIGENS
Do blood donors have to be of same blood type
as recipient experiment 1571:64-66
ANTS
Ant farm in a jar experiment, observe ants at
work 1603:77-78
Ant farm in a jar, how to set up and take care of
1628:11-12
Ant farm in jar experiment to observe how ants
live 2034:19
Ant farm in large jar lets you observe behavior
experiment 1830:73
Ant farm lets you observe ants working in colony
experiment 1831:85
Ant farm, how to make 2014:269-271
Ant trails to food source project 1864:51-52
Collecting ants, how to do 1870:10-13
Colony, prepare and observe your own ant colony
experiment 1852:67
Construct and observe anthill in clear plastic bottle
Cookies; how do ants respond to cookie crumbs
experiment 1751:66
Digging habits of ants experiment; do ants dig
more than one hole 1540:34
Do ants know the difference between artificial
sweeteners and sugar experiment 1751:67
Feeding ants in a formicarium, how to do
1870:20-21
Feeding preferences of ants in the field project,
how to study 1583:75
Food; do ants fight over food experiment
1628:11
Food; does size or color of food affect ants food
choices experiment 1730:38
Food; how ants find food and carry it away
experiment 1655:6-7
Food; what foods do ants prefer to eat experiment
1643:30
Food; what kinds of food attract ants experiment
1628:10-12
Formicarium to house ants, how to make
1870:16-17
Home or ant farm for ants, how to make
1730:28-35
Housing ants, how to do 1870:14-17
How do ants find food experiment 1852:60-63
How fast can ants find food simple project
1876:103-110
How to collect and care for 1730:26-35
How to keep and observe ants 2021:2-7
Human breath carbon dioxide frightens ants
Nests; what kind of ants live in an ant nest

Observe ant colony in jar experiment
1848:24-27
Observe how ants live experiment 1722:29
Reaction of ants to mint plants experiment
1751:82
Resident ants behavior toward intruder ants project,
how to study 1583:75
Roadblock on ant trails experiment 1775:27
Studying the behavior of ants project; how to
build ant farm or formicarium 1583:72-76
Taste tests to see if ants can tell diet drink from
the real thing experiment 1959:108-109
Tunneling structures of ant colony observed
project 1864:43-44
Tunnels in anthill, how to observe in paper model
anthill 1855:26-29
What do ants like to drink experiment 1730:39
What do ants like to eat experiment 1730:37
What materials ants prefer to build tunnels in
Would ants rather tunnel in light or darkness
experiment 1730:40
APHIDS
Beneficial insects used to control insect pests
Crowded with aphids, the plant will get sick
experiment 1652:185
Experiments with aphids and their predators ladybug beetles; data sheets given 1652:177-187
How quickly do aphids breed experiment 1643:30
How to catch and keep aphids 1653:26-28
What will aphids do if plant stem is clipped
experiment 1652:186
Which is more effective in controlling aphids, ladybugs or chemicals experiment 1652:187
Will aphids disperse when they get too crowded
Will ladybugs eat aphids to control population
growth experiment 1652:186
APPLE LEATHER. See also FRUIT LEATHER
Apple leather, how to make 1684:29
Apple leather, how to make 1760:116-117
APPLES
Activities and science experiments 2032:34-37
Develop picture of yourself on an apple experiment 1959:130-132
Keep apples from turning brown experiment
1637:65
Seeds; do all apples have the same number of
seeds experiment 1651:104-105
12
Aquatic organism viewed under microscope; how

to prepare hanging-drop slide 1583:58-62
Compare animals and plant life found in ponds
and streams projects 1583:58-62
Plankton net, how to make from pantyhose and
coat hanger 1583:61-62
AQUATIC MICROORGANISMS
Microbial communities under different light conditions experiment 1570:144-145
AQUATIC PLANTS
Road salts harmful to aquatic plant life experiment
1569:43-48
AQUIFERS. See also WATERAQUIFERS
Model aquifer experiment using aquarium, clay,
sand and food coloring 1594:23-25
Model water table and aquifer using soil and
aquarium 1610:27-29
Pressure from aquifer forces groundwater up
through artesian well experiment
2050:152-153
Saltwater; effects of saltwater on some living tissues
experiment 1758:26
ARACHNIDA. See SPIDERS
ARCHAEOLOGY. See also FOSSILS
Archaic bone awl, how to make and use to sew
with 1968:18-19
Archaic house, how to build 1968:21
Artifacts, how to study 1756:110-111
Cave paintings, how to do 1756:112
Make plaster forms from a mold like archaeologists
do experiment 1771:55-56
Make your own dig, how to do 1756:109-110
Wet-screening dirt, how to do 1968:30
ARCHES. See also BRIDGES; BUILDING
Arch shape is strong demonstration with books
and cardboard 1946:29
Super strong egg holds up books magic experiment 1717:22-23
ARCHIMEDES. See also BUOYANCY;
CARTESIAN DIVER; WATER
How a lever works and creates mechanical
advantage experiment 1586:12-18
Measure the volume of common objects using
Science curriculum links and science activities
2002:60-69
Size and shape of boat, salt or freshwater determines boats ability to float and carry most
weight experiment 1630:18-20
Why does heavy iron ship float experiment
1659:36-39
Shrunken head from apple in salt solution experiment 1657:67-70

Sun-baked apples from a shoe box solar oven,
how to build 1831:67
Test for chemical changes in ripening apples
using iodine paint experiment 1864:96
APPLIANCES. See HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES
APPROXIMATION THEORY
About how many activities 1823:10-17
About how tall activities 1823:49
About what length activities 1823:44-47
Approximate cost activities 1823:20-21
Estimating large number activities 1823:18-19
Grouping similar numbers together activities
1823:29-31
How much do containers hold activities 1823:56-58
How to do quick estimate to check math answer
1823:26-28
Multiplying by powers of ten 1823:37
Number pairs activities 1823:22-25
Recognizing estimates activities 1823:6-9
Step off estimates activities 1823:50-54
Thinking about whole numbers to make an estimate
activity 1823:32-36
Zero bingo, a game for two players 1823:38-43
AQUALUNGS
Underwater breathing gear experiment, how to
build 1532:126-127
AQUARIUMS
Balanced environment for small fish in water
bottle aquarium experiment 1832:127-129
Creek aquarium to keep creek critters for observation, how to do 1916:33
Fish; observe habits of fish in your aquarium
Freshwater aquarium, how to set up 1546:15
How to construct aquarium and observe plants
and animals 1603:102-103
Insect glass aquarium, how to prepare for insects
1583:62-63
Saltwater aquarium; setting up a saltwater aquarium,
how to do 1930:74-75
Snails feeding habits control growth of algae in an
AQUATIC ANIMALS
Heavy metals in coastal body of water and their
effect on aquatic life experiment
1539:109-112
AQUATIC INSECTS. See also INSECTSWATER
Acid rain; aquatic surface insects; effect of oil
spills on them experiment 1965:98-101
13
ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE
Checking up on Archimedes buoyancy idea
Demonstrate Archimedes principle by weighing
water displaced by block of wood 1820:34
Investigate displacement of water experiment
1758:12
Mass, density and volume affect whether soft
drink cans float or sink in water experiment
(Advanced) 1839:233-237
ARCHITECTURE. See also ARCHES; BRIDGES;
BUILDINGS; HOUSES; STRUCTURES
ARCTIC ANIMALS
What keeps seal from freezing in icy water experiment 1751:98
ARCTIC REGIONS
Things to do to conserve and preserve the Arctic
tundra 1798:58-60
Things to look for in the Arctic tundra
1798:45-46
Why tundra plants are dark in color experiment
1798:26-27
ARCTIC TUNDRA
Body fat keeps tundra animals warm experiment
1808:31
Diorama of tundra; animals, birds, plants, how to
do 1808:36
Lemming tunnel temperature; measure air temperature and temperature in snow experiment
1808:17
Lemmings; how fast do lemmings multiply
experiment 1808:29
Lichen, how to identify experiment 1808:25
Permafrost demonstration with gelatin and ice
cream 1808:21
Sunlight strikes Arctic tundra at same angle all
year long, how to demonstrate 1808:15
Tilt of Earth demonstrated with orange, pencil
and light experiment 1808:13,29
ARCTIC WILDERNESS
Discover how cold it can get in Antarctica experiment 1669:10
Fish in polar regions have sugars in their blood
to keep them from freezing experiment
1669:43
Garbage; what happens to garbage dumped in
frozen environment experiment 1669:45
Glacial ice formation experiment 1669:27
How do sea ice and water interact experiment
1669:24
ARISTOTLE
Activities, experiments and projects to study gravity
and the famous scientist who studied it
1992:1-205
All objects fall at same speed experiment
1885:23-28
Diagram of Aristotles universe 2051:24
ARITHMETIC. See MATHEMATICS; NUMBERS
ARMS
Model of forearm demonstrates third class lever,
how to make 1851:43
ART ACTIVITIES. See ANIMALSART
ACTIVITIES; NATUREART
ACTIVITIES; PLANTSART ACTIVITIES
ARTESIAN WELLS
Pressure from aquifer forces groundwater up through
artesian well experiment 2050:152-153
ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS
Aspartame in artichoke hearts demonstrates artificial sweeteners experiment 1864:97-98
Compare sweetness of natural and artificial
sweeteners experiment 1849:109-111
Test the sweetness of artificial sweeteners (substitute sugar) experiment 1771:69-73
ASCORBIC ACID. See VITAMIN C
ASTEROIDS
Airborne particles in atmosphere reflect light
experiment 1528:159
Temperature of air drops when airborne particles
reflect light back into space experiment
1528:161
ASTROLABE
Astrolabe direction finder, how to make 1953:156
How to construct and use experiment 1847:158-161
How to make from protractor, straw and string
1853:28
Make astrolabe, a simple direction finder
1660:36-37
When was the astrolabe first used experiment
1905:30-33
ASTRONAUTS
Life-support system for astronaut to fit you, how
to make 1697:10-11
Astronaut into the spaceship puppet, how to
make rocket and puppet 2049:20-22
Command module and parachute model, how to
make 2049:40-41
Magnetic space walk model, how to make
2049:38-39
14
Weightlessness demonstration with coin and coat

hanger experiment 1885:18-20
ASTRONOMY. See also ASTROLABE; NAVIGATION INSTRUMENTS; PLANETS;
SOLAR SYSTEM; STARS; TELESCOPES
Activities about solar system, planets and outer
space 1763:3-32
Astronomers flashlight with red filter, how to
make 1847:42-44
Celestial sphere used to locate places and stars
Constellations; make your own constellations
project 1869:152-161
Find North Star and Big and Little Dipper experiment 1906:26-28
Horizon; what is your horizon experiment
1904:46-47
Maria Mitchells discovery of a comet experiments
1586:120-125
Model of universe, how to make 2015:30-31
North; which way is North experiment 1915:29-32
Parallax principle project using triangulation
method 1864:27-29
Parallax shift project 1864:30-33
Sextant; build sextant to chart position of stars
ATMOSPHERE. See also AIR; CLOUDS; WATER
VAPOR; WEATHER
Air cooling and warming experiment 1528:19
Air currents; simulate movement of air currents due
to convection experiment 1850:151-154
Air expansion in the atmosphere experiment
1528:19
Atmospheric circulation affects Earths climate
Atmospheric ingredients, oxygen and carbon
dioxide experiment 1528:18
Collapsing can experiments demonstrates weight
of atmosphere 1906:61-63
Decay rates of plant matter in a carbon dioxide/
nitrogen atmosphere experiment 1534:77-80
Evaporation of water vapor from land with a carbon
dioxide/nitrogen atmosphere experiment
1534:62-66
Evaporation rates of different salinity waters in a
carbon dioxide/nitrogen atmosphere experiment 1534:72-76
Heating and cooling of land with a carbon dioxide/
Heating and cooling of land with a green sky

Layers; observe what happens in different layers
of our atmosphere experiment 1883:14-17
Melting rate of ice in a smoke-filled atmosphere
Particles in atmosphere cause sky to look blue and
Sun to look yellow experiment 1861:8-11
Rain in a carbon dioxide/nitrogen atmosphere
planet experiment 1534:54-57
What is the greenhouse effect experiment
1861:24-27
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. See also AIR
PRESSURE; BAROMETER
As air expands and contracts its density changes
experiment, effects on pressure 1528:73
Low air pressure can be determined by use of
barometer experiment, how to make
barometer 1861:12-15
Measure atmospheric pressure with home made
barometer, how to make 1842:88-89
Measure atmospheric pressure with rubber
plungers experiment 1864:137-138
Observe pressure of weight of atmosphere experiment 1902:31-34
Prove the atmosphere exerts pressure experiment
1743:103-105
Self-filling water dish for pets experiment demonstrates atmospheric pressure 1864:141-142
ATOMIZERS
Air lifts water when you blow into cut straw
Reduced air pressure can lift liquid experiment
1902:57-60
ATOMS. See also MOLECULES
Atomic packing in crystals model using styrofoam
balls 1610:95-99
Atomic stations and sticky soap bubbles experiment 1869:112-119
Atoms and molecule arrangement in minerals
Atoms join together to make a grain of salt demonstration using marbles and clay 1946:31
Bicycle tire pump changes temperature during
use experiment 1672:23-24
Can breads be made from salt water experiment
1672:33-36
Can two liquids be combined to give soil particles
Can wax filled hair curlers store more energy than
solid curler experiment 1672:13
Can you detect an electrical spark with a radio
15
Can you detect the iodine in iodized salt experiment 1672:53-56

Clay models demonstrate atomic orbits experiment
1953:266
Color of balloon changes when balloon is exposed
to sunlight experiment 1672:31-32
Crystals; two-dimensional model of crystal imperfections project 1610:105-107
Daltons atomic model; concrete model of atoms
and molecules 1610:81-84
Does top or bottom of wet paper towel dry quicker
Freezing temperatures harm plants experiment
1672:69-71
Gravity used to model force that holds electron to
atoms nucleus 1610:89-92
How atoms collide experiment demonstrates
momentum 1820:72-73
How do diet and regular cola differ as they
evaporate experiment 1672:19-20
Ionic crystal model; one ball and stick model;
one spherical model 1610:99-104
Iron ions used to test for hydrogen peroxide
Is graphite slippery experiment 1672:25-26
Make magnet from iron nail experiment
1672:44-46
Model of gas atoms or molecules in motion experiment 1577:49-51
Model of how ions might pack together to form
an ionic crystal experiment 1610:99-105
Model to illustrate the ionization energy of an
atom 1610:89-92
1672:27-28
Solid ice absorbs more heat than liquid salt water
Thomsons plum pudding model of atom tested
by Rutherford project 1610:85-89
What evaporates faster; oil or water experiment
1672:16-18
What happens when floating ice cubes touch
What happens when grapes are placed in water

and sugar water experiment 1672:66-68
AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
Automatic light goes on and off like a streetlight
AUTOMOBILES
Brakes on ice experiment 1609:67
Carburetor; simple experiment with straw and
water to demonstrate 1532:102
Front and rear brakes on car experiment
1609:65-67
How seat belt reduces danger involved in automobile collision 1609:99-100
Safer crashes into sand filled plastic barrels
instead of concrete barriers experiment
1609:100-103
Seat belt model to demonstrate movement of seat
belt 1532:103
Steering mechanism experiment; build model rackand-pinion steering mechanism 1532:100-101
Two objects with the same shape and mass may
AUTUMN. See SEASONSFALL
AUXINS
Growth hormones experiment; can you make a
plant grow straight 1569:127-132
AVOCADO
Grow avocado tree from seed, how to do 1734:41
How to grow an avocado plant experiment
1555:99
How to grow an avocado plant experiment
1830:147
How to grow avocado pit experiment 1757:66-68
How to grow avocado seeds in jars of water
1651:72-74
Plant avocado pit or other fruit seeds in soil experiment 1546:38
AXLES. See also SIMPLE MACHINESWHEELS
16
&
BACH, JOHANN SEBASTIAN

Can mathematical patterns be found in Johann
Sebastian Bachs two-movement preludes
and fugues experiment 1539:80-81
BACTERIA. See also FOOD PRESERVATION;
MICROBES; MICROSCOPE
Antibiotics; are dandelions as effective as commonly prescribed antibiotics against bacteria
Antibiotics; effect of antibiotics on bacterial
growth experiment 1571:144-146
Antibiotics; effect of antibiotics on different types
of bacteria experiment 1570:106-108
Blow up balloon with a smashed banana experiment 1667:27-28
Checking water for bacteria experiment 1743:81-82
Clean handsdirty hands experiment 1869:55-59
Food molds can control growth of different types
of bacteria taken from pet rabbit experiment
1539:129-130
Footwear; does footwear provide for growth of
bacteria and which type of footwear grows
most bacteria experiment 1539:140-141
Garlic; can antibacterial quality of garlic plant be
increased by foliar applications of garlic
extract solution experiment 1539:148-151
Gas stations; do gas stations affect the soil around
them experiment 1539:95-97
Germs multiply into a whole colony of bacteria
or molds experiment 1707:88-89
Gums; finding bacteria on your gums that break
cells experiment 1570:127-131
Hands; why do we wash our hands before handling
food experiment 1843:231-232
Kitchen sponges and dishcloths bacteria amount
can be reduced experiment 1539:134-135
Microbes; litmus milk used to classify microbes
Milk; bacteria in a carton of milk experiment
1934:74-76
Milk; bacteria in milk grow more slowly when
refrigerated experiment 1978:49-51
Milk; heat destroys bacteria in milk experiment
1978:49-51
Molds collected from living areas grow in gelatin

culture experiment 1933:6-7
Nitrogen fixer effect on growth of a legume
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria; where can you find it
Plants; how bacteria help clover plants live
Predator-prey population relationships experiment
1570:95-96
Salt kills bacteria before it can grow experiment
1707:88-89
Sewage; analysis of bacteria and heavy metal
content of sewage before and after treatment
Spoilage; examining how spoilage occurs in soda
ingredients experiment 1914:35-39
Sterilization methods experiment; comparing Pasteur
and Tyndalls methods 1570:59-61
Temperature affect on Brownian movement
Temperature affects growth rate of bacteria
Ultraviolet light affects bacterias ability to grow
Ultraviolet radiation; how effective are various
items in protecting against ultraviolet radiation experiment 1539:118-120
Water; survey of bacteria from different water
samples experiment 1570:156-158
Waterbeds; what substance is most effective for
preventing breeding of bacteria in waterbeds
What is yogurt experiment 1804:70-73
Yogurt warming box, how to make 1628:42-43
Yogurt; bacteria used to make your own yogurt
experiment 1637:60
BAKING POWDER
Baking powder in water produces carbon dioxide and
blows cork out of bottle experiment
1678:30
Difference between baking soda and baking powder
Gas produced when mixing baking powder and
baking soda with liquids experiment
1849:134-137
17
Why is baking powder used in baking experiment

1563:14-16
BAKING SODA. See also ACIDS AND BASES
Difference between baking soda and powder
1849:134-137
How salt, sugar and baking soda dissolve and
crystallize experiment 1833:78
BALANCE. See also MOBILES; SCALES
Air has weight; how to make a balloon balance
Alien model from straw and cardboard tube
balances experiment 2000:79
Balance game to see if boys and girls have same
balance skills experiment 1659:67-69
Balance stick experiment demonstrates center of
gravity 1579:8-10
Balance ten or twelve nails on one nail experiment
1879:75-76
Balancing point; find balancing point of piece of
Balancing point; ruler can find its own balancing
point experiment 1885:31-34
Balancing points of oddly shaped objects experiment 2045:60-61
Balancing stick experiment demonstrates amount and
position of mass affects balance 1839:45-52
Balancing toy made from file folder and metal
skewer experiment 1745:81-84
Balancing trick that seems to cheat gravity experiment 1885:38-41
Building better balances experiment 1915:65-67
Center of gravity balance experiments 1953:89-94
Comparing mass using a pan balance experiment
1839:15-18
Eyes play a role in our sense of balance experiment
1571:92-93
Find center of gravity of a long, thin object experiment 1579:29-31
Fork, spoon and match balanced on drinking glass
High-wire act experiment 1748:30-31
How center of gravity affects balance experiment
1902:77-80
Investigate balance toys to find their centers of
gravity experiment (Advanced) 1839:219-225
Measuring mass using a pan balance experiment,
data sheet given 1839:19-24
Mobile demonstrates balance experiment
1668:25
Mobile you make demonstrates balance and principle of levers experiment 1541:10-13
Monster cardboard model rocks back and forth
experiment 2000:84
Objects balance easily when center of gravity is
below support point experiment 1613:181-188
Perching cardboard balancing parrot experiment
2000:73-74
Scale; make a balance scale experiment 1711:13
Skyhook balance toy, how to make 1630:14-15
Skyhook toy demonstrates gravity and balance
Soda straw and paper clips balance experiment
1983:52-57
Spinning cardboard snake balances itself experiment 2000:69
Straw balance scale, how to make 1953:22
String balance experiment using hanger, ruler
and string 1953:69
Super bird balances only by its beak experiment
2000:82
Tightrope balancing act with cardboard symmetrical
shapes experiment 2000:71-72
Toy; make a balance toy experiment 1990:12-14
Yardstick balance, how to make 1606:38-39
BALL BEARINGS. See also FRICTION
Ball bearing lets object spin easily experiment;
Effect of ball bearings on friction experiment
1902:89-92
BALLOONS
Air pressure stops you from inflating balloon in
1606:74-75
Balloon can be suspended in stream of air experiment 1606:80-81
Balloon car floats on cushion of air with very little
friction, how to build 1606:91-94
Balloon submarine experiment 1606:14-15
Balloons and electric charge experiments
1606:84-90
Balloons as sound makers experiment 1606:76-78
Balloons floating or sinking in water affected by
water temperature and salty water experiment
1606:10-15
Blow air between two suspended balloons experiment 1606:80-81
Collecting carbon dioxide in balloon over bottle
of water and seltzer tablets experiment
1606:40-42
18
Basketball, the best angle to launch when far

from the hoop experiment 1994:103-105
Basketball, the spinning basketball and the hoop
Basketball; controlling the bounciness of a basketball experiment 1994:93-95
Best angle to launch ball so it goes farthest experiment 1994:37-39
Bounce; how high does a ball bounce experiment
1994:9-12
Bounce; rank balls in order of bounciness experiment 1994:29-31
Bounce; surface affects bounce of ball experiment
1994:28
Bounce; temperature affects bounce of balls made
out of polymer experiment 1675:57-59
Bounce; test cold and warm rubber balls for
bounce experiment 1771:33-37
Bounce; which ball bounces highest sponge, tennis,
wooden or rubber experiment 2035:19
Bounce; which type of ball bounces best experiment 1668:13
Bounce; why balls bounce easy experiments with
ball made from borax, water and glue
1857:28-31
Bounce; why some balls bounce better than others
Can energy from bouncing basketball be transferred
to a tennis ball experiment 1567:6-9
Curves; magnus effect; how a curve ball curves
Curves; throwing curves with a beach ball experiment 1990:73-75
Football kicking; the punt and place kicking
Football pass with and without spin experiment
1994:111-113
Football; maintaining spin of football; conservation of angular momentum experiment
1994:114-116
Football; odd bounce of the football experiment
1994:108
Football; why does a football tip over easily
Golf ball rebound ratings experiment 1994:79
Golf; air resistance of a golf ball experiment
1994:80-81
Golf; why does a golf ball have dimples experiment 1994:86-90
Golf; why does the golfer need so many clubs
How high balls bounce and elasticity or bounce of
several types of balls experiment 1839:67-71
Compare densities of air, lung air and carbon

Compare weight of carbon dioxide and air in
balloons experiment 1606:42
Experiments with helium balloons 1606:23-36
Frozen balloon experiment 1606:90
Gases affected by changes in temperature experiment 1606:51-56
How to keep a balloon from popping experiment
1831:103
Liquid filled balloons in tub experiment, which
sink or float 1606:9-15
Lung air in balloon experiment, does lung air put out
a flame or make it burn faster 1606:43-45
Measure buoyancy or floating strength of alcohol
filled balloon in water 1606:16-18
Measure terminal velocity of falling balloon
Measure the pressure in water balloon experiment
1606:68-70
Model lung with balloon representing lung experiment 1606:70-73
Pressure gauge to measure pressure of gas in a
balloon, how to build 1606:66-68
Time bomb balloon experiment with heated air
1700:12-13
Weighing air experiment using balance beam
(how to build balance beam) 1606:37-40
BALLOONSHOT AIR. See also HOT AIR
BALL RISER. See also BERNOULLI EFFECT
BALLS
Air resistance (drag) and weight experiment with
dropping balls 1994:17-20
Ball sizes and rebound ratings of baseball, basketball, football, golf ball, rubber ball and tennis
ball experiment 1994:123-124
Baseball; Bernoullis principle and baseball experiment 1994:54-58
Baseball; does temperature affect the rebound
rating of a baseball experiment 1994:40-41
Baseball; flight of the baseball at different speeds
Baseball; getting cold effects how well a baseball
bounces experiment 1668:14
Baseball; what is a baseball experiment 1994:34-36
Basketball bounce experiment 1994:96
Basketball bounce pass; topspin and backspin
Basketball, getting the basketball into the basket
experiment 1994:100
19
BAROMETER. See also AIR PRESSURE

Air pressure measured with barometer experiment;
how to make aneroid barometer 1528:25
Aneroid barometer, how to make from jar, straw
and ruler 2030:30-31
Aneroid barometer; make to measure air pressure
experiment 1758:32
Balloon barometer, how to make 1953:249
Barometer used to observe effects of air pressure
changes on it experiment 1840:115-122
Bottle barometer, how to make 1739:16
Bottle barometer, how to make 1953:248
Build barometer to demonstrate Torricellis air
pressure discovery 1586:51-53
Glass jar or bottle barometer, how to make
1744:101-103
Glass, straw and balloon barometer, how to make
1748:22-23
How a barometer works experiment 2050:187-192
How barometer forecasts the weather experiment
1743:99-102
How barometer predicts the weather experiment
1568:35-36
Jar and balloon barometer, how to make 1950:7
Make a barometer experiment 2014:156
Make barometer from jar, balloon and straws
1613:80-83
Make barometer from plastic container, balloon
and straw 1830:96
Make from balloon, wide mouth jar and straw, chart
for recording air pressure given 1892:40-41
Make from jar, balloon, toothpick and index card
1648:56-58
Make from large and small jar, balloon and
toothpick 1861:14-15
Make from large jar, balloon and straw 1657:38-40
Make from plastic bottle, bowl and clay
1967:154-155
Make from wide-mouthed jar, drinking straw,
index card 1537:30-31
Make your own barometer from jar, balloon and
straw 1925:11
Measure atmospheric pressure with homemade
barometer, how to make 1842:88-89
Medicine dropper in plastic bottle of water acts
as barometer experiment 1978:63-64
Soda bottle barometer, how to make 1753:121
When was the barometer invented experiment
1905:57-61
BASCOM, FLORENCE DR.
Geology volcano experiment shows volcanic
eruptions create land forms 1869:90-99
Kicking; what muscles do you use to kick a ball

Magic ball stops and starts due to gravity experiment
1770:45
Paddle ball; how gravity affects playing paddle
ball experiment 2054:128-129
Rubber band ball, how to make 1785:28
Speed; do balls always fall at the same speed
Superball and other bouncers experiment
1990:71-72
Superball bounces back to its starting height
experiment 1994:21
Tennis ball bounce; rebound angle without spin
experiment 1994:73
Tennis ball rebound angle with spin experiment
1994:74-76
Tennis balls and air resistance experiment
1994:67-68
Tennis; fast and slow tennis court surfaces
Tennis; how spin affects flight of a tennis ball
Tennis; temperature and the tennis ball bounce
Tennis; wear and tear on a tennis ball experiment
1994:63-64
BANANAS
Banana plant from seeds, how to grow 1695:12-13
Bananas in four bags with yeast and water
Bananas ripen faster in a bag experiment, how to
graph 2039:20-21
Ethylene gas from banana ripens tomato experiment
1906:89-90
How does banana become ripe experiment, test
for starch 1934:65-67
Test for glucose sugar in ripe banana experiment
1934:67
BAR CODE READER
Make a bar code and bar code reader experiment
1532:166-167
BAR GRAPHS. See GRAPHSBAR
BARK MAPS
Birch bark map, how to make 1785:34-35
BARK RUBBINGS
Bark rubbing, how to make with paper, tape,
crayons 1546:57
How to collect and preserve bark rubbings experiment 2044:15
How to do leaf and bark rubbings 1551:22-23
How to make with paper and crayons 1785:32-33
20
BASEBALL
Cheating in baseball experiment; do cork, sawdust or rubber ball fillers in bats cause ball
to travel farther 1539:169-172
BASES. See also ACIDS AND BASES; SOAP;
SOLUTIONS
BASKETBALL
BATH SALTS
How to make from baking soda, coloring, and
perfume 1657:55-57
Ocean waves bath salts, how to make 1702:132
BATHYSCAPH
How can depth of a Bathyscaph be controlled
experiment 1844:12
BATHYSPHERES. See DIVINGSUBMARINES
BATS
Bat box house, how to make from wood and tar
paper 1967:122-123
Bat house, how to build from wood, patterns
given 1702:50-53
Wooden bat house, how to make 2024:48-51
BATTERIES. See also BULBS AND BATTERIES;
DRY CELLS; ELECTRICITYBATTERIES
1.5 volt batteries and 6 volt batteries; what is the
difference experiment 2053:40-41
Battery life affected by shortage temperature
Battery used to store energy experiment
1787:29-33
Battery voltage in series circuit versus battery
voltage in parallel circuit experiment
1899:37-40
Battery with enough power to work an alarm clock
experiment; how to make 1532:24-25
Coin battery, how to make 2038:83
Food cells produce electricity experiment
1747:12-13
Fruit; electricity from fruit and vegetables experiment 1915:94-95
Fruit; how can you turn a fruit into a battery
Lemon battery causes sensation on your tongue
experiment 1537:57
Lemon battery experiment 1907:39
Lemon battery lights LED light experiment
2053:33-34
Lemon battery lights light bulb experiment
1890:65-66
Lemon battery runs electric clock experiment

1561:8-9
Lemon battery; measuring energy flow in lemon
battery with compass and thin copper wire
1537:57-58
Lemon gives you small shock experiment
1879:46-47
Lemon; electricity from lemon experiment
1953:42
Lemon; hear sound from flow of electrons in
lemon battery experiment 1674:39-41
Lemon; how can electricity be produced by a
lemon experiment 1844:329-330
Lemon; make battery from a lemon experiment
1831:143
Light show with battery and lights demonstrates
electricity 1917:44-45
Metals; strips of different metals batteries experiment 1907:39
Polarity indicator experiment using D-cell battery
and potato 1864:132-133
Potato; electrolytes in potato battery experiment
1936:66
Repeat how Volta built his battery and test with
galvanoscope experiment 1605:46-48
Simple battery from copper and aluminum foil
strips, how to make 1710:40-41
Temperature effect on battery life experiment
1936:32-33
Tester; how battery tester works with liquid crystals
Three cell battery with LED light experiment
2053:30-31
Vinegar solution with wires in it lights LED
Wet cell battery from lemon experiment 1899:19-22
Wet-cell battery testing electrolytes to make wet
cell batteries experiment 1936:31
Wet-cell battery; determining peak power from
wet-cell battery as load is applied experiment
1936:64-65
When was the first battery made experiment
1905:110-114
BATTERIES AND BULBS. See ELECTRICITY
BATTERIES; BULBS AND BATTERIES
BEACH. See also OCEAN; SEASHORE
Catch and observe animals living in upper beach
sand 1812:11
Meteorites; find meteorites or cosmic sand at the
beach experiment 1959:166-168
Test beach sand to discover where it came from
21
Bumblebee searching strategies experiment

1552:139-143
Dance; do bees dance experiment, dance pattern
given 1855:70-73
Drinking straw hive may attract bees experiment
1603:87
Flower fragrance, color or flavor most influential
in attracting bees experiment 1539:47-49
Flower visiting bees on a time schedule experiment 1775:35
Honey bees can be trained to come to artificial
flower with sugary liquid center experiment
1546:65
Thematic units, activities, experiments and projects
1975:75-77
BEETLES. See also FIREFLIES; LADYBUGS;
INSECTS
Ground beetles or carabid beetles, how to keep
and observe them 2021:70-74
Odors; rose petals or rose leaves and stems attract
Japanese beetles experiment 1571:7-9
Tiger beetles, how to keep and observe them
2021:66-69
BEHAVIOR
Fear; who knows what we fear project; survey of
boys and girls fears 1865:75-77
BEHAVIORANIMALS. See also ANIMAL
BEHAVIOR
BELL CURVE
Marbles in wooden model device demonstrates
predictions and Bell curve 1820:86-87
BELL, ALEXANDER GRAHAM
Kite experiment based on early work of Mabel Bell
and her husband Alexander 1658:42-45
BELL, MABEL
Kite experiment based on early work of Mabel Bell
and her husband Alexander 1658:42-45
BELLOWS
Cardboard box model bellows, how to make
1887:26-27
BENEDICTUS, EDOUARD
Perform an experiment like Benedictus discovery
of safety glass 1771:55-56
BENHAMS DISK
Benhams disk experiment with cardboard and
paper 1953:35
Benhams disk experiment; rotating black and white
disk gives illusion of color 1576:12-16
Demonstrate Benhams disk experiment
1820:94
Waves; how do waves affect beaches experiment

1535:60-62
BEACHES
Slow, low energy waves effect on beaches experiment 2054:98-99
BEADS
Clay beads made from clay and fired in primitive
kiln experiment 1599:82-83
Recycled paper beads, how to make 1729:130
Tissue paper bead clay, recipe 1670:9
BEAM BRIDGE. See BRIDGES
BEAMS. See also BUILDING
Reinforced concrete beams, how to make and test
strength of each 1532:51
Strongest shape of beams experiment using postcards 1621:30
BEANS. See also SEEDSGERMINATION
Bean soaked, planted grows into bean plant experiment 1772:unp
Soaking; how does soaking affect dried beans
experiment 1568:23
Whats on the outside and inside of a pinto bean
BEARINGS. See BALL BEARINGS
BEARS
Hibernation heartbeat of bears experiment
1805:101
1975:74-75
BEAUFORT WIND SCALE
Beaufort Scale 1898:19
Beaufort Scale 1950:96-97
Beaufort wind scale for estimating wind speed
1613:210
Beaufort wind speed scale 1550:32
Chart of scale 1664:133
Chart of the Beaufort Scale 1925:15
Force 0 to force 12 wind scales illustrations
1528:58
Speed of wind scale 1953:252
BEAVERS
Build beaver lodge from sticks, leaves and mud;
test for strength experiment 1805:43
Oil dropped on water rolls off to demonstrate how
oil keeps water away from beavers skin
experiment 1805:46
BEES. See also HONEYBEES
Beehive box home for bumblebees, how to build
from flower pot, corks and sawdust
1546:65
22
BERLESE FUNNEL
Berlese funnel exposes soil animals experiment
2041:20-21
Berlese funnel used to study small insects, how
to make 1583:63-66
Collect insects in Berlese funnel, how to study
and preserve specimens 1583:63-66
Collect soil animals using Berlese Funnel and
lamp experiment 1930:20-21
Discover organisms that live in soil experiment,
make a Berlese funnel 1793:18-19
BERNOULLIS PRINCIPLE
Atomizer; make an atomizer with a drinking
Ball suspended in stream of air demonstrates why
airplanes fly experiment 1579:3-7
Balloons, ping pong ball and Bernoulli experiment
1990:66-67
Bernoulli spool to demonstrate why airplanes fly
1700:27-28
Bernoullis Levitator experiment; suspend an object
in the air by blowing down on it 1579:11-15
Bernoullis principle and baseball experiment
1994:54-58
Bernoullis principle; air pressure experiment with
blowing air between ping pong balls 1707:10
Blow air between two suspended balloons experiment 1606:80-81
Faster the air moves, the less pressure it exerts
experiment with ping-pong ball and hair
dryer 1673:29-32
Hugging paper hearts demonstrates Bernoullis
Principle 1740:48-49
Magic trick hovering ball experiment 1711:20-21
Ping pong ball floats in air demonstration
1906:113-114
BESSBIGS
How to catch and keep them 1653:68-70
BICARBONATE OF SODA. See also BAKING SODA
BICYCLES
Bicycle gears allow rear wheel to turn at different
speeds experiment 1532:31
Bicycle wheel acts like a giant gyroscope experiment 1579:16-20
Calculate gear ratio on your bicycle, how to do
1532:31
How bicycles stop experiment 1609:62-63
How does a moving bicycle help you balance
BINOCULARS
Observe and discover the universe with binoculars,
how to do 1533:18-19
Prism, binoculars and total internal reflection in
prisms experiment 1611:44-49
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND. See
POLLUTIONWATER
BIOCHEMISTRY
Growing sugar sweet crystals experiment
1869:162-169
BIOCIDES. See HERBICIDES; PESTICIDES
BIODEGRADABILITY
Decay; what lasts over time experiment; bury
several items to see what has or has not
decayed 1816:59
Environmental effects on the biodegradability of
plastic bags, paper bags and newspapers
Landfill; how different materials change in a
landfill experiment 1848:174-176
Landfill; which landfill materials are biodegradable
experiment 1692:14
Organic matter breaks down in soil experiment
1603:108-109
Soil; what decomposes in soil experiment with
eggshells, leaves, paper and plastic 1970:159
Styrofoam cup dissolves using nail polish remover
BIODEGRADABLE. See also COMPOST
BIODEGRADATION
Do all biodegradable things decompose at the
same rate experiment 1750:22-23
Garbage; which garbage is biodegradable and
which is not experiment 1691:10-11
Plastic and non-plastic experiment; compare rate
of decomposition 1965:11-13
BIOELECTRONICS. See also PLANTSGROWTH
BIOFILM
What can be used to reduce or eliminate biofilm
BIOLOGICAL CONTROLS. See also
INSECTICIDES
Biological control of aphids on plants using ladybugs experiment 1826:38-39
How many fruit flies can a praying mantis eat
BIOLUMINESCENCE. See also FIREFLIES
Bioluminescence (flashing lights) created by a
firefly produce heat experiment 1571:130-131
23
Hummingbird feeder, how to make from soda

bottle, artificial flowers (syrup recipe given)
1557:128-129
Juice carton feeder, how to make 1997:120-121
License plate bird feeder, how to make
1702:98-100
Nuts, raisins in simple cup bird feeder, how to
make 1662:26-27
Observing birds at feeding station project
1583:53-56
Pine cone bird feeder, how to make 1670:53
Plastic bottles peanut feeder, how to make
1826:45
Plastic milk container feeder, how to make
1603:69
Plastic milk jug and pine cone feeder, how to
make 1687:31
Plastic soda bottle feeder, how to make 1555:4-8
Platform feeder, how to make from wood
2024:22-23
Popcorn; do birds prefer popped or unpopped
corn experiment 1540:78
Project feeder watch experiment, what birds like
to eat 2039:8-9
Pudding for birds, recipe 1864:57
Recipes for birdseed 1670:49-52
Suet feeder, how to make 2024:26
Which foods do birds in your yard prefer experiment 1530:21
Wood and acrylic panel bird feeder, how to make
1572:140-143
Wooden bird table feeder, how to make 1973:50
Wooden feeder, how to make 1603:67
BIRD WATCHING
Be a human scarecrow and attract birds experiment
1655:21
Bird watcher; tips and activities to become a bird
watcher 1774:7-43
Blind to observe birds, how to build from bamboo
poles, fabric and twine 2016:40-41
Blind to watch birds, poles, camouflaged netting,
ropes, how to build 1546:75
Field notes on birds in your area, how to take
1581:21-22
Hide for watching birds, how to make 1973:39
Hide to observe birds, sheet, bamboo canes, how
to make 2052:40-41
How to sneak up on a bird experiment 1655:20
Make your own bird call from bamboo 1786:99
BIRDS
Chemical reaction produces light in both lightning

bugs and light sticks experiment 1613:155-162
Communicating with fireflies with flashlight
experiment; record response and sequence
of flashes 1571:90-91
BIOMASS
Can water be heated with composting plant material
BIOMES
BIOREMEDIATION. See also OIL SPILLS
Indoor air pollution and houseplants; which houseplants best clean the air experiment
1569:105-110
Oil spill; clean up small oil spill experiment
1959:154-155
BIORHYTHMS. See BIOLOGICAL CLOCKS;
TIME SENSE
BIOTIC COMMUNITIES. See ECOLOGY;
ECOSYSTEMS; HABITATS
BIRD FEEDERS
Attract wild birds with feeder, how to do
1843:84-85
Attracting birds to your yard; what to feed and
what feeders to use 1656:40-44
Behavior of birds at the bird feeder experiment
1552:132-138
Bird cakes from suet, cornmeal, peanut butter,
making 1597:35
Bird feeder experiment; stock with different types
of food to determine which foods birds
prefer 1954:25-30
Bird feeder from recycled materials, how to do
1655:18-19
Bird food recipe 1603:70
Bird pudding mix from kitchen leftovers, how to
make 1546:78-79
Bird treat basket from grapefruit halves, seed and
yarn 1557:130
Dummy man to make to get birds to eat from you
Favorite foods different birds like; list given
1597:38-39
Fruit feeder, how to make 2024:26
Hanging bird feeders, how to make 1670:52-55
Hopper feeder, how to make from plastic bowl
and coffee can 2024:27-28
How to make from juice carton 1744:61-64
Humming bird feeder demonstrates effect of
atmospheric pressure project 1864:49-50
24
Songbird parents; observe roles mother and father

play in incubation and care of blue jay young
BIRDSBEAKS
Adaptation of woodpecker to obtain food experiment 1848:70-72
Beaks and mouths of birds help them catch flying
insects 1856:28-31
Compare beaks of birds to kitchen utensils and
other tools experiment 2041:18-19
How different bird beaks are adapted to getting
particular kinds of food experiment 1954:20-24
How do birds adapt to eating experiment
1843:135-136
Why different birds have different beaks project
1729:175-177
BIRDSFEATHERS
Bird feather section under microscope experiment
2027:44-45
Collect and wash feathers to make collages and
bookmarks 1557:124-125
Compare regular feather with one soaked in
cooking oil experiment 1581:45
Feather collection mounted on corrugated cardboard, how to do 1546:80-81
Feather helicopter demonstrates birds flight
feathers 1893:18-19
Oil spilled into water affects swimming birds
experiment 1752:5
BIRDSFLIGHT
Flight patterns of different birds experiment 1751:17
Flight; phenakistoscope used to show how birds
move wings in flight experiment 1558:6-7
Glider from balsa wood demonstrates how birds
glide 1893:22-23
How birds fly 1608:47-50
How birds fly experiment, how to make model
bird 2043:26-27
Reconstructing a chicken wing to see how birds
wings work 1930:44-45
BIRDSHOUSES
Basic birdhouse blueprint, how to make 1633:27
Birdhouse specifications for bluebird, house wren,
chickadee, American kestrel 1597:50-51
Birdhouse specifications for Northern flicker, redheaded woodpecker, downy woodpecker
1597:51
Birdhouse specifications for screech owl, wood
duck, purple martin 1597:49
Birdhouse specifications for tufted titmouse,
nuthatch, robin, barn swallow, phoebe
1597:48
Bluebird house, how to build, plans and dimensions given 1597:46-47

Bluebird house, how to make 2040:25-27
Chart giving basic house dimensions for summer
backyard birds 1656:44-45
Gourd birdhouse, how to make 1633:27
Gourd birdhouse, how to make 1702:32-34
Grow a gourd house for a bird, how to do 1916:29
Make a birdhouse from wood and milk cartons
1843:88-89
Miniature pool for birds, how to make 1633:30
Nest box, how to make from wood, pattern given
2024:33-35
Plastic milk jug, milk carton or dried gourd birdhouses, how to make 1555:46-47
Purple martin apartment house, how to make from
plastic bottles 1967:86-87
Purple martin house from gourd, how to make
1760:95-96
Wren house from twigs and plywood, patterns,
making 1572:16-17
BIRDSMOUTHS
Mouths of animals and birds work better for certain
foods than others experiment 2041:18-19
BIRDSNESTS
Build a bird nest experiment 1655:14-15
Build a nest from materials found on ground
experiment 1603:72
Examine old bird nests and prepare poster with
samples of materials found experiment
1546:76-77
Help build a bird nest using leaves, yarn, string,
and lint 1557:122
Inspect old bird nests to discover materials birds
use for nests 1751:84
Make birds nest from paper bag, moss, sticks and
clay eggs 1685:29
Materials birds use to build nest experiment
1751:20
Nest box for small birds, how to make 1546:76-77
Nest cone for mourning dove nest, how to make
from hardware cloth 1916:43
What materials do birds like for their nests
Wooden nesting box, how to make 1973:52-53
BIRDSORPHANS
Formula for food for infant orphaned birds, recipe
1786:15
BIRDSPELLETS. See also OWL PELLETS
BIRDSPOLLUTION
Detergent pollution effect on buoyancy of freshwater birds project 1864:46
25
Cargo; test clay boats cargo-carrying capacity to

modify boats design experiment 1840:59-65
Catamaran boat does not sink easily experiment,
how to make boat 1596:14
Catamaran; how to make from plastic bottle,
balsa wood and tape 1838:14
Computer printed sail designs, how to make
1789:86-87
Fastest shape for boat experiment 1838:12
Flat-bottom ferry model, make from cardboard,
dowels and spool 1896:14-15
Floating; how can boats made of steel float
experiment 1609:70
Floating; how does a boat float experiment
1753:109
Floating; why boats float on water experiment
with pieces of modeling clay 1867:25
Flow and go boat model demonstrates gravitys
pulling power 2000:65-66
Hulls of different types of materials and different
shapes experiment 1802:42
Inflatable boat model, make from balloon and
bubble wrap 1896:6-7
Keel on bottom of boat hull helps boat stay upright
experiment 1838:13
Keel on bottom of boat hull keeps boat afloat and
upright experiment 1596:13
Keels; compare broad keels with slim, narrow
ones experiment 1802:43
Mast positions and size important to keep sailing
ship stable experiment 1596:18-19
Metal ships experiment, make from aluminum
foil, wood and plastic containers 1838:15
Paddle boat floats and goes in water experiment
2007:28-29
Paddle boat model, make from plastic bottle, wood,
Paddle boat travels forward experiment 2000:24-26
Power a boat with carbon dioxide gas experiment
with vinegar and baking soda 2000:21
Remote boat, make from plastic bottle, battery,
wire and small motor 1922:20-23
Rocket boat, made from milk carton, moves from
balloon power experiment 1890:23-24
Shape; find the fastest shape experiment using
gutter, weight, water 1596:12
Soap boat experiment demonstrates surface
tension 1748:20-21
Soap boat powered by liquid shampoo experiment
1829:16-17
Streamlined hulls let water flow around them
Oil spills effect on birds experiment 1853:142-145

BIRDSSURVEY
Survey and chart birds names and the places your
saw them 1723:9
BIRDSVISION
How does birds color vision help earthworms
survive experiment 1921:38-40
BIRDSWATER
Bath; bird bath from garbage can lid, how to
make 1826:44
Bath; trash can bath, how to make 2024:56
Bird drinking fountain, plastic saucer, twine,
branches, making 1572:18-19
Bird waterer; make from plastic tub, plastic bottle
and wood 1967:83
Birdbath made from bricks and garbage can
cover 1633:29
Water bottle for birds, how to make 2024:54
BIVALVES. See CLAMS
BLACK, JOSEPH
Heat needed to melt ice compared to heat needed
to warm water experiment 1915:80-81
BLEACH. See also CHLORINE
Bleach effect on blue dye in water experiment,
color disappears 1677:53-55
Can bleach be made from salt water experiment
1672:33-36
Does chlorine bleach really clean experiment
1743:112-114
BLIMPS
When were airships popular experiment 1905:6-8
BLIND SPOT. See also VISION
Hole that blind spot causes in vision experiment
1725:148
BLOOD. See also HEART; HUMAN BODY
Finding bacteria on your gums that break cells
BOATS. See also SHIPS; SUBMARINES
Aluminum foil boat demonstrates density effect
on floating 1890:56-57
Birch bark boat, how to make 1785:36
Boat hull designs experiment to test for most
efficient shape 1864:191-194
Boat shapes that float experiment 1596:12
Carbon dioxide powered boat experiment 2001:54
Cargo amount that boats can carry experiment;
aluminum boats, compartments
1596:15-16
Cargo ships; how much cargo will boat carry before
it sinks experiment 1838:16
26
How to design and build a boomerang

2000:101-102
Make a boomerang from heavy cardboard
1744:73-74
Spin of boomerang gives it stability in the air
experiment 1558:9
Tag board boomerang, how to make, pattern
given 1970:54-55
Why a boomerang sticks around experiment
(Advanced) 1839:245-250
BOREAL FOREST. See TIAGA
BOTANY
Botanical journal, how to keep 1588:25
BOTTLE GARDENS. See also GARDENSBOTTLE
Garden in a large glass jar, how to set up
1631:30-32
How to grow garden in glass jar experiment
1918:112-113
How to make from large plastic jar 1895:23
Rain forest bottle garden, how to make 1551:29
BOUNCE
Getting cold effects how well a baseball bounces
experiment 1668:14
How high balls bounce and elasticity or bounce
of several types of balls experiment
1839:67-71
Temperature affects bounce of balls made out of
polymer experiment 1675:57-59
Test cold and warm rubber balls for bounce
Which type of ball bounces best experiment
1668:13
Why balls bounce easy experiments with ball made
from borax, water and glue 1857:28-31
Why some balls bounce better than others experiment 1839:161-168
BOUNCING. See BALLS
BOWS AND ARROWS
BOYLES LAW
Marshmallows used to study effect that changing
pressure has on volume of gas experiment
1840:209-213
BRAILLE ALPHABET
Braille alphabet, how to use and investigate
1822:48-50
How to write your name in Braille 1626:57
Tugboat; make a tugboat that goes in the water from

plastic dish, and styrofoam egg carton
1745:45-48
Up-thrust of ships, how to measure experiment
2016:51
Zippy boat races experiment with drop of detergent 2001:112
BOATSSAILS. See also SAILBOATS
BODY CLOCKS. See also BIOLOGICAL CLOCKS
BONES. See also HUMAN BODYBONES
Animals; preserving and studying animal bones
project 1583:125-126
Calcium; how much calcium is in a bone experiment 1876:132
Chicken bone soaked in vinegar becomes floppy
experiment 1879:2-3
Chicken; bendable bones experiment with chicken
bone in vinegar 1889:80-81
Chicken; how to soften a chicken bone and remove
minerals with vinegar experiment 1816:25
Chicken; rubber chicken bone experiment 1622:15
Chicken; rubbery chicken bone experiment
1667:7-8
Chicken; rubbery chicken bones experiment
1931:68
Chicken; rubbery chicken bones experiment
2048:92
Cleaning bones, how to do 1622:80-81
How does mammal bone compare with chicken
and bird bone experiment 1609:51
Minerals build bones experiment using vinegar
and chicken bones 1864:110
Polarized light reveals stress patterns in clear
plastic and bones experiment 1578:8-11
Water content; bake bones to determine water
content of bones experiment 1622:15
When can bones become flexible experiment
1905:47-48
BONESGAMES
Cup and pin game made from bones, how to do
1622:90
Spinning buzzer game made from bones, how to
do 1622:91
BONSAI
Grow a bonsai tree 1555:108
BOOMERANGS
Cardboard boomerang, how to make, pattern
given 1830:44-45
Homemade boomerang that comes back to you
27
BREAD
Dehydration and spices protect food against
spoilage experiment 1570:36-38
Flat bread, rotis, recipe 1536:25
Gluten; how to make from flour and water experiment 1536:8-9
Heat makes gas expand and bread rises experiment 1679:21-22
Mold on bread and cheeses compared for color
and shape experiment 1570:42-43
Mold; grow bread mold experiment 1851:61
Mold; how does bread become moldy experiment
1934:86-88
Mold; repeat Pasteurs bread mold experiments
1586:143-145
Mold; temperature affect on bread mold growth
Mold; what is mold experiment using bread mold
1566:18-20
Molds grow on white bread experiment 1603:57
Molds; do preservatives control bread mold
Molds; grow molds on bread, cheese and jam
Molds; grow molds on piece of bread experiment
1655:42-43
Molds; growing bread mold experiment 1816:13
Spoilage; do foods with more or less water spoil
faster experiment 1948:25
What does yeast do in baking bread experiment
1742:52-55
What makes bread soft and fluffy experiment
1831:146-147
Whats your favorite kind of bread poll
1668:20-21
White bread made with yeast experiment
1628:38-40
Why does yeast make bread rise experiment
1804:66-69
Yeast bread, recipe 1536:12-14
Yeast bread, recipe 1671:30
Yeast growth under microscope experiment
2027:70-71
Yeast needs to eat experiment 2041:10-11
Yeast use in baking experiment 1934:83-85
Yeast; how yeast works to make bread rise
BREATHING. See also HUMAN BODY;
RESPIRATION
BRICKS
Adobe bricks from clay, sand, straw and water,
making 1599:125-128
Adobe bricks, how to make 1636:121-122

Adobe bricks, how to make from clay and stray
1550:19
Adobe; how to make a heat-retaining adobe brick
Are bricks waterproof experiment 1556:22
Build brick walls in various patterns and test for
strength experiment 1532:50
Garden edge bricks, how to make with concrete
and mortar 1572:40-42
Homemade bricks, how to make 1970:290
How much space does a brick take up experiment
using water displacement to measure
1556:25
How much water a brick can soak up experiment
1621:11
Make a damp-proof course for bricks experiment
1556:25
Make bricks from clay and straw experiment
1556:11
Making bricks from clay, straw and water experiment 1603:16
Strongest way to make brick wall experiment using
Lego blocks 1621:30
Testing strength of different kinds of mud bricks
experiment 1894:17
BRIDGES. See also STRUCTURES
Bowstring bridge model; test strength of model
Build two different bridges and test for strength
Efficiency of five bridge designs for weigh-bearing
capacity and cost project 2012:66-73
How many pennies will your bridge hold experiment 1699:28-29
If you vibrate something at just the right frequency
you can get big reaction experiment
1579:76-80
Models of beam bridge, arch bridge, cable stayed
bridge; build and test their strengths experiment 1532:66-67
Rivets and welds give strength and stability in
long spans experiment 1610:145-147
Sheet of paper bridge holds up book experiment
1879:77-79
Strength of paper bridge holds up heavy train
magic experiment 1717:8-9
Strongest bridge experiment with girder bridge,
archway bridge, triangular-truss bridge
1864:135-136
Suspension; build bridge to demonstrate ancient
Mayan suspension bridge 1658:19-21
28
BULBS. See also PLANTS

Crocus bulbs grow and flower inside, how to do
1862:24-25
Forcing hyacinth and daffodil bulbs to bloom inside
Forcing narcissus bulbs to blooms indoors, how
to do 1836:30-31
Forcing spring bulbs to flower indoors experiment
1909:24-25
Hyacinth bulb grows in jar of water experiment
1662:9
Hyacinth bulb grows in water or soil, how to do
1862:22-23
Tulip bulbs forced to bloom at Christmas, how to
do 1862:20-21
BULBSELECTRIC. See also ELECTRIC
Build a bulb that really works experiment 1770:47
BULL ROARER
Bull roarer converts mechanical energy of rotating
wood paddle into sound energy experiment
(Advanced) 1839:271-274
BUOYANCY. See also ARCHIMEDES; FLOATING
AND SINKING; WATERBUOYANCY
Buoyancy, the ability to stay up experiment
2045:52-53
Checking up on Archimedes buoyancy idea
Demonstrate principle of buoyancy in model
ocean liner experiment 1864:200
Diver rises and falls in water experiment
1758:13
(Advanced) 1839:233-237
Modeling clay in water demonstrates why ships
float experiment 1707:17
Soap bubbles float on cushion of carbon dioxide
gas experiment 1579:21-24
BURGLAR ALARM. See also ALARMS;
ELECTRIC
Burglar alarm experiment, make from foil, cardboard, wire and batteries 1747:17
Burglar alarm warns you when door opens, how
to make 1532:86-87
Burglar alarm, how to make from batteries, wire,
foil and wood 1908:38-39
BUTANE
Butane in lighter is liquid or gas experiment
1840:215-219
BRINE SHRIMP. See also SHRIMPBRINE

Culture fairy shrimp and compare to brine shrimp
experiment 1583:103
Digestive system of brine shrimp experiment using
food coloring 1583:103
Grow brine shrimp in salt water and observe
How to grow at home 1601:66-67
Salt concentration level in water affects development of brine shrimp experiment 1583:103
Temperature effect on brine shrimp eggs experiment 1583:101-103
BROMELIADS
Bromeliad plants role in the rain forest experiment
1602:40-41
BROWNIAN MOVEMENT
Temperature affect on Brownian movement
BROODERS. See also CHICKENS; EGGS
BUBBLES. See also SOAP BUBBLES
BUDS. See also TREES
BUGS. See INSECTS
BUILDING. See also ARCHITECTURE;
HOUSESHOUSE BUILDING
Acid rain damages buildings experiment
1783:28-29
Beams; reinforced concrete beams, how to make
and test strength of each 1532:51
Build brick walls in various patterns and test for
strength experiment 1532:50
Cantilever roof experiment, how to make 1532:52
Escalator; model hand-powered escalator experiment, see how steps are level at top and bottom
and become stairs in between 1532:60-61
Folded barrel roof, experiment; how to make from
paper, tongue depressors, pencils, thread
1532:53
Strongest shape of beams experiment using postcards 1621:30
Strongest way to make brick wall experiment using
Lego blocks 1621:30
Structure needs foundation to stay up in soft ground
experiment, plastic bottle, modeling clay,
wallpaper paste, large tank 1532:48-49
Water system brings water from water tower or
reservoir to faucet in your home experiment,
build working model of this system
1532:56-57
BUILDING MATERIALS. See also BUILDING
How long do different building materials hold
heat simple project 1876:144-145
29
BUTTER
Homemade butter, how to make 2001:91
Make butter from cream experiment 1637:57
Make butter from cream experiment 1849:175-177
Make butter like your great-grandmother did
Properties of solids and liquids while making
butter experiment 1790:189-195
Turn cream into butter experiment 1699:52-53
BUTTERFLIES. See also CATERPILLARS;
MOTHS
Black swallowtails, how to catch and keep them
1653:51-53
Butterfly garden to attract butterflies experiment,
how to do 1546:46-57
Butterfly proboscis tube similar to elephants trunk
project 1864:53-54
Caring for pupae, how to do 1731:25
Do butterflies prefer certain colors or kinds of
flowers experiment 1731:40-41
Do butterflies prefer sugar water or flower nectar
Garden for butterflies, how to plant 1773:83-87
Growth wheel model to demonstrate where butterflies come from experiment 1855:32-35
Hatchery for butterflies and moths, cardboard box,
screen, cloth, how to make 1572:25-26
House for butterfly made from netting experiment
1855:18-21
How butterflies drink experiment, demonstrate
with straw and cup of water 1855:84-86
How caterpillar turns into a butterfly experiment
1934:71-73
Milkweed plant garden for monarch butterflies,

how to plant 1773:88-89
Model of butterfly using wax paper, crayons and
pipe cleaners, how to make 2008:22
Monarch butterflies in motion mobile, how to
make 1773:74
Monarch butterflies, how to catch and keep them
1653:54-58
Monarch butterfly growth graph, how to do
1773:52-53
Monarch butterfly, how to raise 1930:112-113
Monarch butterfly, how to raise 1967:78-79
Monarch butterfly, how to raise and release
1773:47-51
Sugar water mix to feed butterflies and moths
1731:31
Tiger swallowtails, how to catch and keep them
1653:47-50
Where do butterflies come from experiment
1843:120-122
BUTTERFLIESCOLLECTION
Butterfly net for collecting butterflies and moths,
how to make and use 1731:26-27
Butterfly net; make from gauzy fabric and wire
Collecting and keeping butterflies, moths and
their caterpillars, how to do 1731:20-24
Keep net for catching butterflies, how to make
1973:44-45
Setting board to mount butterflies, how to make
2040:110-111
BUZZERS. See also ELECTRIC
30
&
CABBAGE. See INDICATORS

CACTUS
Cactus dish garden, how to plant 1645:81
Demonstrate how cactus plants store water
Grafting cactus plants experiment 1631:14-16
Grafting head of one cactus to body of another
cactus experiment 1998:111
Grow cactus plants in small desert garden experiment 1695:26-27
How to grow and care for 1836:28-29
Why cacti dont dry out in desert experiment
1856:86-89
CAFFEINE. See also COFFEE
CAGES. See also ANTS; INSECTSCAGES
CALCIUM
How much calcium is in a bone experiment
1876:132
Milk has calcium experiment 1849:167-170
CALCIUM CARBONATE
Acid test for calcium carbonate in shells, experiment 2052:37
Test for calcium carbonate in marble, slate and
limestone using vinegar as acid experiment
1864:87-88
Vinegar dissolves calcium carbonate in seashells
experiment 1752:72
CALCULATORS. See also ADDING MACHINES;
COMPUTERS
Hangman calculator game, how to play 1821:34
How to use electronic calculator 1821:20-59
Napier rods, how to make and use 1821:18-19
Seven-bar display experiment, liquid-crystal display (LCD) shows numbers in dark segment
on a light background 1532:176
Slide rule; making and using a simple slide rule
1821:10-17
CALENDAR
String calendar from Sumatra, how to make
2038:16
CALORIES
Burning peanut or almond demonstrates what a
calorie looks like 1707:100
Energy stored in a peanut experiment 1981:40-42
Food is a fuel; burn peanut experiment 1770:25

How many calories do you use experiment
1843:244-245
Measuring food and calories experiment 1982:87-88
Potato chips; how many calories does one potato
chip contain experiment 2048:100-104
CALORIMETER
Energy content of a peanut measured by simple
calorimeter experiment 1725:82-83
Measure solar heat with bag of ice and calorimeter
experiment 1637:32
CAMERA OBSCURA. See also CAMERAS
Camera obscura demonstrates light travels in
straight lines 1611:9-13
Make from potato chip can experiment
1698:32-33
Make from round can, aluminum foil, and film
1657:14-18
Small camera obscura, how to make 1611:9-13
CAMERAS. See also PHOTOGRAPHY; PIN
HOLE CAMERA
Aperture change affects brightness of image and
depth of field, experiment 1709:28-29
Box camera experiment 1913:100-104
Box camera shows how camera works experiment
1758:38
Camera Lucida, how to make 1913:93-94
Cereal box camera, how to make 2014:61-63
Experiments with a box camera; how to make
1913:83-91
Experiments with a camera Lucida 1913:92-100
Experiments with a real camera 1913:105-109
How a lens works experiment, make your own
viewer 1709:8-9
Light makes a box camera work experiment, how
to make box camera 1831:60-61
Model camera experiment, make to see how it
forms an image experiment 1532:134
Pinhole camera from a shoe box experiment
1953:146-147
Pinhole camera from oatmeal box experiment,
how to make and develop the pictures
1627:22-24
Pinhole camera from oatmeal box, how to make
1901:95-98
31
Miniature canyon in jar demonstrates color combinations of canyon walls experiment 1817:49
CAPILLARY ACTION. See also WATER
CAPILLARY ACTION
Paper; which types of paper absorb water the best
CARBOHYDRATES. See also COMPOUNDS;
STARCH; SUGAR
Decomposing carbohydrates experiment
1981:49-50
Ripeness affects the taste of fruits experiment
1849:15-16
Testing for starch in food experiment 1981:47-48
CARBON. See also CHARCOAL; COAL
Ability of granules of activated carbon to absorb
or trap molecules experiment 1676:41-44
Change grape soda to a colorless liquid experiment using carbon granules 1676:41-44
Change sugar into a substance that is mostly carbon
What is carbon experiment 1904:69-71
CARBON CYCLE. See BREATHING;
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CARBON DIOXIDE. See also ALKA-SELTZER;
DRY ICE; MOLECULES
Alka-Seltzer tablets and popcorn kernels experiment 1970:39
Baking powder in water produces carbon dioxide
and blows cork out of bottle experiment
1678:30
Balloon blow-up using baking soda and vinegar
1818:60-61
Balloon on bottle inflates from carbon dioxide
experiment 1698:4-5
Balloons blow up from carbon dioxide in jar
experiment 1933:31
Blow up balloon with carbon dioxide gas experiment 1829:4-5
Blow up balloon, place it under water and release
carbon dioxide gas from your lungs experiment 1548:21-23
Boat; carbon dioxide powered boat experiment
2001:54
Boat; power a boat with carbon dioxide gas
experiment with vinegar and baking soda
2000:21
Breath; blow into water and indicator to show
carbon dioxide content of breath experiment
1667:57-58
Bubble bomb explodes experiment 1698:2-3
Pinhole camera, how it works experiment

1983:37-43
Pin-hole camera, how to make 1709:32-33
Pinhole camera, how to make 2028:65-69
Pinhole camera, how to make from box, paper
and black paint 1837:6-7
Pinhole camera, how to make from can, dark
cloth and wax paper 1966:33
Shoe box and black paint camera, how to make
2022:65
Shoe box camera, how to make 1890:102-103
Shutter; construct camera shutter to see how it
freezes movement experiment 1532:135
Simple model camera, how to make 1611:57-59
CAMOUFLAGE. See also ANIMAL CAMOUFLAGE;
ANIMALSPROTECTIVE COLORATION
Camouflage pattern of insects blends into the
background experiment 1689:19
Chameleon paper model demonstrates protective
coloration 1856:20-23
Compare what you see when camouflaged figure
remains still and when it moves experiment
1576:47-49
Demonstrate camouflage with red and green
toothpicks experiment 1602:24-25
What is camouflage in nature experiment
1751:68
CAMP COOKER. See also SOLAR COOKERS
CANALS. See also LOCKSWATERWAYS
CANDLES
Sand candle, how to make 1967:16-17
CANDY
Candied violets, how to make 1557:112
Hard candy; what is chemistry of hard candy
How many colors are really present in a candy
Sort M & M candies by color and classify experiment 1790:89-96
What food dyes are used to make the colors in
candy project 1876:123-131
CANNONS
Homemade cannon used to investigate trajectories
of cannon balls experiment 1558:12-13
Trajectory: curved path through the air experiment 2045:26-27
CANYONS
Erosion test in sand demonstrates formation of
canyons experiment 1635:28
32
Carbon dioxide and floating bubbles experiment

1607:65-66
Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher puts out fire
experiment using baking soda, vinegar and
candle 1673:51-53
Carbon dioxide gas from burning candle in jar
with baking soda and vinegar experiment
1910:109-110
Carbon dioxide gas from vinegar and baking
soda mixture in bottle blows up balloon
Carbon dioxide gas makes corn dance in glass of
water experiment 1770:23
Carbon dioxide gas produced when sugar, yeast
and water are mixed together experiment
1987:33-35
Carbon dioxide released from soft drinks experiment using balloon over bottle tops
1548:23-25
Carbon dioxide released from warm and cold soft
drinks experiment using balloons over bottle
tops 1548:23-25
Carbon dioxide; a heavier gas experiment
1985:47-50
Caves; how caves are formed experiment
1624:23-24
Collecting carbon dioxide experiment 1607:62-65
Collecting carbon dioxide in balloon over bottle
of water and seltzer tablets experiment
1606:40-42
Dancing raisins in bubbly soda experiment
2001:54
Density of carbon dioxide gas experiment
1985:52-54
Density; carbon dioxide is more dense than air
Density; compare densities of air, lung air and
carbon dioxide experiment 1606:44
1534:62-66
Expanding, floating soap bubble in carbon dioxide
Falling carbon dioxide filled bubbles experiment
1607:62-65
Fire extinguisher; make a fire extinguisher experiment 1844:35-36
Freezing soda and then thawing it, affects carbon
Fruit syrup from berry fruits demonstrates
plants and oxygen and carbon dioxide
1678:10-11

1849:134-137
Ginger ale experiment, make from water, yeast
and flavorings 1628:18-20
Lime water test for carbon dioxide experiment
1815:38
Lime water turns milky in presence of carbon
Molecule model of carbon dioxide made from
clay and toothpicks 1548:28-29
Nucleation effect in liquid containing dissolved
gas experiment 1637:45
Plant growth; carbon dioxide deficiency in plants
Plant growth; determine how lack of carbon
dioxide affects plant growth experiment
1638:79-83
Raisins ride up and down in soda drink experiment
1829:26-27
Raisins rising experiment 1753:42
Raisins swim in can of carbonated soda experiment 1842:79
Remove flame from a candle without putting it
out experiment 1844:33-34
Rising raisins demonstrate how submarines dive
under water and rise to surface again
1838:23
Solid objects floating and sinking in carbonated
liquid experiment 1758:19
Spaghetti moves up and down in baking soda,
vinegar and carbonated soda experiment
1659:9-11
Test for carbon dioxide gas using lime water
experiment 1710:25
Timing carbon dioxide filled bubbles experiment
1607:64-65
Vinegar and baking soda reaction blows up balloon
experiment 1970:37
Vinegar and seltzer tablet produces carbon dioxide
Vinegar and soda mixed together make carbon
Weight; compare weight of carbon dioxide and
air in balloons experiment 1606:42
What is carbon dioxide experiment 1904:72-74
33

1609:100-103
belt 1532:103
Seat belt reduces danger involved in automobile
collision experiment 1609:99-100
Steering mechanism experiment; build model
rack-and-pinion steering mechanism
1532:100-101
Super car, make from DC motors, wire, batteries
and plastic lids 1922:32-35
CARTESIAN DIVER
Cartesian diver (eye dropper in bottle of water)
demonstrates how submarine works experiment 1601:44-45
Air can be compressed experiment with Cartesian
diver in bottle of water 1842:10-11
Cartesian diver experiment, make from soda bottle,
eyedropper and water 1890:54-55
Changes in fluid pressure affect buoyancy of a
Cartesian diver experiment 1579:36-41
Diver goes up and down in water filled soft drink
bottle experiment 1931:140
Diver rises and falls in large jar, experiment
2052:59
Diver rises and falls in water experiment
1758:13
Diving medicine dropper experiment 1906:110-112
Eye dropper diver sinks and floats in bottle of
How to make from plastic tube and clay diver
2016:59
Magic trick sinking quid experiment 1711:18-19
Match in modeling clay floats up and down in
bottle of water experiment 1947:18-19
Medicine dropper in plastic bottle of water acts
as barometer experiment 1978:63-64
CASEIN. See also GLUES; MILK
Casein in milk makes plastic experiment
2001:146-150
Plastic from milk and vinegar experiment
2022:105
CASTS. See also PLASTER CASTS; TRACKS
AND TRAILING
CATALYST. See also ENZYMES
Fermentation of yeast in sugar and water catalyst
CATAMARAN BOAT
Catamaran model, make from plastic bottle, balsa
wood, dowels and rubber bands 1896:18-19
What makes orange soda fizz experiment

1568:106
Where does salt come from experiment with baking
soda and vinegar 1906:53-54
Which gas passes through a balloon fasterair
or carbon dioxides experiment 1673:26-28
Yeast and sugar in water creates enough carbon
dioxide to inflate a balloon 1585:30
Yeast and sugar produce carbon dioxide experiment 1637:61
Yeast and sugar water in blown up balloon with
carbon dioxide gas experiment 1678:30
Yeast plus sugar makes carbon dioxide gas experiment 1628:38
Yeast; why does yeast make bread rise experiment
1804:66-69
CARBONATED DRINKS. See also SOFT DRINKS
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. See
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM; HEART
CARNIVOROUS PLANTS
Raise sundews at home, how to do 1882:unp
Sundew plant parts grow into new plants experiment 1882:unp
Venus fly trap bulb plant, how to plant and care
for 1645:83
CAROTENE
Carotene, lycopene, chlorophyll pigments in carrots,
tomatoes and autumn tree leaves experiment
1637:50
CARROTS
1637:50
Why is top of carrot root green experiment
1751:69
CARS. See also AUTOMOBILES
Brakes on ice experiment 1609:67
Carburetor; simple experiment with straw and
water to demonstrate 1532:102
Effect of different angles of inclined planes on
speed and distance of car experiment
1839:25-32
Front and rear brakes on car experiment
1609:65-67
Magnets change the way toy cars act experiment
1839:85-88
Measure constant acceleration due to gravity
using downhill racing car experiment
1839:207-221
34
Catamaran, how to make from plastic bottle,

balsa wood and tape 1838:14
Make a catamaran using plastic bottles, balsa
wood and dowels project 1895:18-19
CATAPULTS
Build a catapult experiment 1667:46-48
Contraption that flings marshmallows, how to
build 2000:120-122
Make from wood, dowels and sponges 1748:28-29
Mouse-a-pult model demonstrates force of catapult
1887:16-17
CATERPILLARS. See also BUTTERFLIES;
MOTHS; SILKWORMS
Build a caterpillar house to watch it grow into a
butterfly experiment 1546:64
Collect cocoon and observe adult emerging experiment 1731:43
Do caterpillars get dizzy experiment 1776:36
Do caterpillars grow faster in warm or cool temperature experiment 1731:36-37
Do caterpillars prefer one direction to another
experiment 1776:36
Feeding and housing caterpillars, how to do
1776:10-11
Food; what do caterpillars like to eat experiment
1731:34-35
How caterpillar turns into a butterfly experiment
1934:71-73
How do caterpillars react to wind experiment
1776:38
How fast does a caterpillar go experiment 1776:40
How to raise caterpillars 1930:90-91
Keeping caterpillars, how to do 1973:46-47
Measure growth of caterpillars experiment
1731:42
Model to demonstrate how many legs caterpillars
have experiment 1855:42-45
Tent caterpillars, how to catch and keep them
1653:64-67
Tomato and tobacco horn worm caterpillars, how
to keep and observe them 2021:40-44
What causes caterpillars to curl up experiment
1776:38
CATNIP
Catnip chemical, nepetalactone, made into toy
for your cats experiment 1637:54
How to grow 1555:90
Toy for your cat, how to make 1555:90
CATS
Are cats right handed simple projects 1876:95-102
Do animals sleep more than humans experiment
1595:72
Do cats eyes glow in the dark experiment

1851:70-71
Do kittens prefer human contact more than cats
Do kittens show left or right handedness experiment 2020:155-160
Heated stuffed animal more attractive to a kitten for
company than a cool stuffed animal experiment 2020:148-151
Hunting behavior of domestic cats experiment
1552:126-131
Model of cats eye demonstrates how cats eye
glows in dark experiment 2003:21
Which chooses human contact more, a kitten or a
puppy experiment 2020:143-147
Will a kitten choose another kitten for company
CAVERNS. See STALACTITES AND
STALAGMITES
CAVES
Diorama of cave; walls, rocks, animals, stalactites
and stalagmites, how to do 1809:30-31
How caves are formed experiment 1624:23-24
CAYLEY, GEORGE SIR
Sir George Cayleys model glider, how to make
1877:36-37
CELESTIAL NAVIGATION. See NAVIGATION
INSTRUMENTS; SOLAR STONE
CELESTIAL SPHERE
Celestial sphere used to locate places and stars
Star disk instrument shows which constellations
are visible at different latitudes experiment
1847:30-34
CELLS. See also PLANTSCELLS
Animal; model that resembles group of animal cells
living together experiment 1546:10-11
Cell membrane and osmosis in action experiment
with salt solution and onion cell 1725:29
Cell membrane lets small molecules pass through
by osmosis experiment 1725:28
Cells need water to survive experiment; sugar in
raisins sucks in water 1546:12
Cell-wall demonstration of semi-permeability
1864:180
Cheek cells under microscope experiment
2027:46-47
Chemicals move through fluid inside cell by
spreading out process known as diffusion
experiment 1725:27
35
Can rolls uphill experiment 1953:182

Center of gravity balance experiments 1953:89-94
Center of gravity experiments 1983:9-16
Change center of gravity of object experiment
using tennis ball 1753:45
Funnels roll up ramp demonstrating center of
gravity experiment 1879:64-65
Hammer defies gravity experiment 1906:108-109
How center of gravity affects balance experiment
1902:77-80
Magic trick with two boxes and hidden weight
experiment 1713:8-9
Objects balance easily when center of gravity
is below support point experiment
1613:181-188
Weird wand magic trick demonstrates center of
gravity 1713:14-15
What is objects center of gravity experiment
1753:44
What is the center of gravity experiment
1844:73
Where is your center of gravity experiment
1844:74
CENTIPEDES
Light or dark experiment; which do centipedes
prefer 2034:20-21
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE. See also FORCE
Ball on string demonstrates centrifugal force
1902:121-123
Bulging Earth model experiment 1864:152-153
Disappearing dice magic trick demonstrates
centrifugal force 1713:20-21
Motion beats power of gravity experiment
1935:41
What is centrifugal force experiment 1844:79-80
CENTRIPETAL FORCE. See also FORCE
Darda car on loop-the-loop track demonstrates
kinetic energy and centripetal force experiment 1839:141-151
Rotating water has curved surface called parabola
Water forms funnel-shaped vortex as it drains
from bottle experiment 1579:98-102
CEREALS
Breakfast cereals compared as to grams of fat per
serving experiment 1550:8
Compare breakfast cereals for minerals, vitamins,
sugars and fats experiment 1550:8
Compare nutrition facts of different cereals
How many o-shaped cereal loops can you toss
into bowl experiment 2039:15
Cork slice under microscope experiment

2027:28-29
Diffusion in action in cells experiment using ink
and water 1725:27
Egg turns into rubbery ball; experiment demonstrates how human cells get food 1831:10
Mix enzyme that breaks starch into glucose and
measure amount of glucose present experiment 1571:61-63
Model that shows three parts of a cell experiment,
how to construct 1860:5-11
Onion slice under microscope experiment
2027:30-31
Plant cells in thin film of onionskin experiment
1546:11
Salt helps draw water out of cells experiment, using
potato, salt and water 1546:13
Seed cells need water and sunlight to start growing experiment 1707:85
Size affects movement of particles through a cell
membrane experiment 1860:13-19
Water moves to cells containing sugar experiment
1546:12
Water passes from higher to lower concentrations
in osmosis experiment 1571:70-72
What is the difference between light and dark
meat experiment 1804:63-65
Why do onions make you cry experiment
1804:60-62
Why do some fruits and vegetables wilt when
cooked experiment 1804:58-59
CELLS AND BATTERIES. See also BATTERIES
CELLULOSE
Writing paper make from recycling newspaper
experiment 1637:52
CELSIUS, ANDERS. See also THERMOMETERS
CEMENT. See also CONCRETE; MINERALS
CEMETERIES
Cemetery headstone survey for age, type of stone,
erosion and plants experiment 1738:25
CENTER OF GRAVITY. See also GRAVITY
CENTER OF GRAVITY
Balance several nails on one nail experiment
1844:74
Balance toys used to find their centers of gravity
Balancing stick experiment demonstrates amount
and position of mass affects balance
1839:45-52
36
CHEMICAL CHANGES
Changes in state and temperature experiment with
water changing to ice and back to water
1710:12-13
Chemical changes help you write secret messages
experiment 1844:21
Cream of tartar, raisins and ferric acetate solution
experiment 2014:31
Dissolving of solids a physical or chemical change
Iron; create two kinds of iron using ferrous acetate
solution experiment 2014:32
Light-sensitive paper experiment, how to make
light-sensitive paper 1840:275-281
Shiny copper pennies from vinegar and salt easy
Vinegar and soda mixed together make carbon
CHEMICAL ELEMENTS. See ELEMENTS
CHEMICAL GARDENS. See also GARDENS
CHEMICAL
Rainbow garden, make with charcoal briquettes,
bluing, salt and ammonia 1971:18
Rainbow garden, make with charcoal briquettes,
bluing, salt and ammonia 1972:18
Sponges and charcoal grow flowers overnight
CHEMICAL MAGIC. See also LIQUIDS
CHEMICAL PESTICIDES. See HERBICIDES;
PESTICIDES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS. See also CARBON
DIOXIDE; INDICATORS
Aluminum pot shines from boiling water and
lemon juice experiment 1906:47-48
Balloon blow-up using baking soda and vinegar
1818:60-61
Blood; bloodstain chemistry experiment 1637:43
Bloody hand experiment 1991:57
Blow up balloon with carbon dioxide gas experiment 1829:4-5
Blow up balloon with vinegar and baking soda
experiment 1953:41
Blue bottle experiment 1991:73-74
Bubble bomb explodes experiment 1698:2-3
Burning reaction (exothermic reaction) temperature drops experiment with baking soda and
vinegar 1710:31
Candle burning bright experiment 1869:120-125
1910:109-110
Iron content of breakfast cereals experiment

1820:45
Iron in breakfast cereals experiment 2048:83-84
Iron; what kind of iron is in cereal experiment
using magnet 1659:21-23
Iron; which cereal has the most iron experiment,
how to graph 2039:13-14
Package size in buying groceries contributes to
trash and waste we discard experiment
1987:58-59
Size and calories of each serving of breakfast
cereals experiment 1550:8
Survey of favorite breakfast cereal in your class;
bar graph experiment 1550:8
CEREBELLUM. See HUMAN BODY
CFCs. See CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
CHALK
Make sidewalk chalk experiment 1562:21-23
Make sidewalk chalk from plaster of Paris and
tempera paints 1541:21-23
CHAMELEONS
Observe and record chameleon color changes due
to light, temperature, emotions and state of
health 1645:129
CHAOTIC MOTION
Attraction and repulsion of magnets produces
chaotic, unpredictable motion experiment
1579:89-92
CHARCOAL. See also CARBON
Lobster shell filters effect in filtering wastewater
metallic ions compared to charcoal experiment 1539:68-70
CHARLES, JACQUES. See also CHARLES LAW
CHARTS. See also GRAPHS
CHEESE
Cheese dessert from Rennet tablets and milk
experiment 1637:62
How to make cheese experiment 1628:6-8
Molds; grow molds on bread, cheese and jam
Turn milk into cheese experiment 2048:34-36
What are curds and whey experiment 1804:48-50
CHEMICAL ATTRACTANTS
37
Carbon dioxide gas from vinegar and baking

soda mixture in bottle blows up balloon
Carbon dioxide gas makes corn in glass of water
dance experiment 1770:23
Chalk dissolves in vinegar experiment 1660:24
Changing rates of reactions experiment 1710:35
Clean coins with vinegar, salt and lemon juice
experiment 1970:40
Clean pennies in vinegar and salt solution experiment 1707:26
Cleaning dirty penny with lemon juice experiment
1879:94-95
Cleaning dirty penny with salt and vinegar experiment 1879:96-97
Cleaning silverware experiment 1657:52-54
Coat a nail with copper experiment 1933:11
Coin cleaner experiment, clean pennies with
lemon juice 1890:74
Cold pack demonstrates endothermic chemical
reaction, how to make 1890:79-80
Curds whey cheese from Rennet tablets and milk
experiment 1637:62
Current flow in potato causes chemical reaction
experiment 2053:42
Dancing raisins experiment 1991:51
Disappearing ink experiment 1991:65
Disposable diaper crystals make water disappear
Egg sucked into bottle with burning candle experiment 1710:5
Electricity; where can you see chemical producing
electricity experiment 1906:23-24
Etch name or design on hard boiled egg in vinegar
Experiments to demonstrate chemical reactions
1953:283-305
Fermentation of yeast in sugar and water catalyst
Flame that jumps experiment 1991:71-72
Gas collection from baking soda and vinegar
reaction experiment 1710:28-29
Genie in a bottle experiment 1991:52-53
Glue from milk, vinegar and baking soda experiment 1563:17-20
Heat change and formation of new substance in a
chemical change experiment 1758:25
How can you make a reaction happen faster
1567:21-23
Iron to copper experiment 1991:63-64

Light sticks; effect of temperature on light sticks
Magic chemical paper experiment 1991:54-55
Magic red to green to red experiment 1991:61-62
Magical bubbles experiment 1991:58
Oxygen from air combines with iron in steel wool
and moisture to form rust experiment
1673:48-50
Pennies in vinegar solution turn bright and shiny
Pennies turn green experiment 1831:131
Penny corrodes hole in aluminum foil experiment
1659:76-78
Raisins rising experiment 1753:42
Rubber egg experiment 1933:33
Rubber egg, how to make 1786:5
Seashells dissolve in vinegar experiment 1660:25
Shrunken head from apple in salt solution experiment 1657:67-70
Slow-motion cornstarch experiment 1785:62-63
Test food for vitamin C experiment; make liquid
vitamin C indicator 1563:6
Turn Aladdins lamp oil into ink experiment
1991:66
Vinegar and baking soda erupt in sand volcano
experiment 1970:37
Vinegar and seltzer tablet produce carbon dioxide
Water to dragons blood to water experiment
1991:56
Weather bunnies reflect changes in humidity by
changing color experiment 1840:93-97
What happens when you cook broccoli in an acid
or base experiment 1568:118-119
What happens when you soak galvanized nails in
vinegar experiment 1743:58-62
What makes orange soda fizz experiment 1568:106
What makes peanut butter smooth experiment to
understand chemical process of hydrogenation 1568:140-141
Why is baking powder used in baking experiment
1563:14-16
Written secrets experiment 1991:67-70
CHEMICAL TEST. See also INDICATORS
CHEMILUMINESCENCE
Chemical reaction produces light in both lightning bugs and light sticks experiment
1613:155-162
38
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Black inks separate into many colors on wet coffee
filter experiment 1698:22-23
Black pigments are really mixtures of colors
Candy; coffee filter with candies in water experiment 2001:26-27
Candy; how many colors are really present in a
candy experiment 2048:116-118
Climbing colors on blotter paper from water-soluble
markers experiment 1640:134
Coffee filter in colored water experiment
2001:25
Colored inks in felt-tipped pens are actually mixtures of colors experiment 1613:29-32
Colored markers; what makes up color in colored
markers experiment 1754:21
Colorful design on T-shirt experiment using black
marker 1598:12
Colors in black water soluble marker easy experiment with chromatography 1857:32-35
Flower; make giant chromatography flower
experiment 1613:31
Hidden colors in colored marking pens, food colorings, M & M candy, vegetables experiment
1627:34-36
How detectives tell the difference in inks experiment 1876:134
How do detectives use color to solve crimes
Inks; chromatography test to match inks from
pens experiment 1937:15
Inks; coffee filter with felt tip markers in water
Inks; separate colors experiment with felt markers
2014:88
Inks; what colors make up orange felt tipped pen
experiment 2036:21
Is black ink really black experiment 1740:17
Is green really green experiment 1953:34
Leaves; why do leaves change color experiment
2005:10-11
Paper chromatography to separate colors from
inks in water experiment 1710:17
Paper chromatography; separate inks from markers
experiment 1758:14
Pigments in black marker experiment, white coffee
filter, jar of water 1598:10-11
Plant pigments; separating plant pigments experiment 1915:116-117
Plants; colors in plant leaves experiment using
chromatography to show colors 1707:80-81

CHEMISTRYMAGIC TRICKS. See also MAGIC
CHEMOTROPISM. See also PLANTSTROPISMS
CHEWING GUM
Does one brand of gum stay tasty longer experiment 1667:49-51
How much sugar does gum contain experiment
2048:111
CHICKENS. See also BROODERS; EGGS;
INCUBATORS
Bake bones to determine water content of bones
experiment 1622:15
experiment 1879:2-3
Embryo; measure early heartbeat of chicken
embryo without breaking eggshell experiment
1539:178-180
Hatching chickens experiment, how to set up an
incubator 1930:50-51
Pecking order system of social structure works in
flock of chickens experiment 1552:83-88
Pecking orders in chickens experiment 1552:82-88
Reconstructing a chicken wing to see how birds
wings work 1930:44-45
Rubber chicken bone experiment 1622:15
Rubbery chicken bones experiment 1931:68
Soften a chicken bone and remove minerals with
vinegar experiment 1816:25
When can bones become flexible experiment
1905:47-48
CHLORINE. See also BLEACH
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS. See GREENHOUSE
EFFECT
CHLOROPHYLL. See also PLANTS
CHLOROPHYLL
Colors in plant leaves experiment using chromatography to show colors 1707:80-81
Find chlorophyll in coleus leaf experiment
1815:22
Light needed for chlorophyll to be made in
leaves experiment 1593:53-54
Why is grass green experiment 1751:36
Why is top of carrot root green experiment 1751:69
CHLOROPLASTS. See CHLOROPHYLL;
PLANTSCHLOROPHYLL
CHOCOLATE
Liquid chocolate cools and turns back into solid
experiment 1679:8-9
CHRISTMAS TREES
Christmas tree, how to grow experiment 1593:34-35
39
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. See also BLOOD;

GOLDFISH; HEART
CITIESENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
Quality of life survey, how to do 1720:33
Traffic flow survey of vehicles, how to do
1720:35
CITRUS FRUITS. See also FRUIT; SEEDS FRUITS
CITRUS PLANTS
Citrus seeds germinate and grow into plants, how
to do 1862:18-19
How to grow orange and lemon trees 1830:146
CITY WEATHER. See URBAN CITIES
WEATHER
CLAMS
Are your clams safe to eat experiment 1539:138-139
CLARK, EUGENIE
2002:129-138
CLASSIFICATION
Classifying scavenger hunt to understand animal
kingdom classification 1640:46-47
How to classify things experiment 1540:18
Primary science activities with classifying
1931:24-27
CLAY. See also SOILS
Bakers clay, make from flour and salt 1997:142
Bead necklace from clay, how to make 1573:2-5
Bread slice dough, recipe 1670:4
Clay beads made from clay and fired in primitive
kiln experiment 1599:82-83
Clay map replica of ancient Babylonian clay tablets
project, how to make 1850:17-18
Coffee grounds clay, recipe 1670:6
Crayons made from earth colors of soil and clay
Finding and preparing clay experiment 1573:8-9
Flour clay, recipe 1670:5
How to hunt for and gather clay and make slip
for pottery 1599:76-78
Molding a clay dish, how to do 1573:15
Pearly clay, salt, cornstarch and water, recipe,
how to make 1670:2
Pinch pots and animals, how to make from clay in
sawdust kiln made from garbage can
1702:13-17
Play clay, how to make 1857:36-39
Quick clay, recipe 1670:5
Sand clay objects dry to rock-hard consistency,
Separate colors after they have been mixed up

experiment 1753:32
Separate colors from food colors experiment
1906:57-58
Separate colors from green food coloring experiment 1677:56-59
Separate colors from water-soluble felt-tip marking
pens experiment 1833:118-119
Separate ink pigments into flower-like color bursts
Separating colors or pigments experiment
2022:97
Solve crime; analyze ink in pens using chromatography 1820:59-61
What color is black ink experiment 1562:6-9
What colors are in black ink experiment
1541:6-9
Yellow and orange pigments in fall leaves are
there all year long experiment 1792:25-26
CHROMOSOMES. See also GENETICS; HEREDITY
CICADAS
CIGARETTE SMOKE
Effects of second hand smoke project 2012:194-204
Second hand smoking causes decreased lung
capacity project 2012:194-204
CIGARETTES. See also SMOKING
CILIATES. See PARAMECIUM
CIPHERS. See also CODES
Alphabet in Morse code, how to use and investigate
1822:51-52
Bar chart to interpret letter frequency, how to make
1822:35-39
1822:48-50
Cipher wheels, how to make and use 1822:12-22
Code words, how to use 1822:25-26
Codes using numbers for letters, how to do
1822:27-31
Cracking substitution ciphers, how to do
1822:40-41
Factor grids in which to put the letters of a message,
how to do 1822:44-45
Grids used with number codes, how to do 1822:32
Invented alphabets, how to make 1822:46-47
Julius Caesars cipher, how to decode 1822:9-11
Letter frequency, how to do 1822:34
Random ciphers, how to do 1822:23-24
Scytale device for sending and receiving messages,
how to do 1822:33
Transposition ciphers, how to do 1822:42-43
40
Sand clay, recipe 1670:9

Scratching, breaking tests to see if object is made
from clay 1573:4-5
Soap clay, recipe 1670:4
Thumb pot from clay demonstrates characteristics
of mud experiment 1591:28
Tissue paper bead clay, recipe 1670:9
When is clay waterproof experiment 1573:18
CLICHE-VERRE. See PHOTOGRAPHY
CLICK BEETLES
CLIFFS
Simulate effect of headlands on wave action
CLIMATE
experiment 1528:159
Ancient climates information; examine pollen
grain experiment 1528:155
Ancient climates information; how core drilling
works experiment 1528:154
Continents and oceans have different rates of cooling
and warming experiment 1528:146
Convection cell circulating air experiment
1528:125
Curved shape of Earth affects climate throughout
the world experiment 1861:4-7
Demonstrate movement of water between the Earth
and the air experiment 1850:172-174
Desert wind-driven sand slowed down by trees
experiment, make model 1528:144
Effect of water on climate experiment
1850:155-165
El Nino; how much warm water it takes to create
El Nino-Southern oscillation experiment
1528:134
El Nino; make your own El Nino experiment
1528:135
El Nino-Southern oscillation event experiment
1528:134
Frost shattering of rocks experiment 1528:156
Hadley cell; make to demonstrate convection
cells experiment 1528:124
How air behaves in the atmosphere when heated
by convection experiment 1528:125
How scientists gather clues to climates of the
past experiment 1861:80-83
Ice takes more space than water experiment
1528:157
Jet streams experiment, moving jet streams

1528:128
Monsoon mud fertile soil from flooding experiment 1528:149
Monsoon rain-bearing winds experiment, make
model 1528:148
Plate tectonics; movement of plates shifts continents
and creates new crust material experiment
1528:152
Regions location and its landforms affect its
climate experiment 1850:167-175
Rings from tree slice give clues to past climate
conditions experiment 1861:83
Rossby waves experiment, how to demonstrate
1528:127
Sea levels rising due to pollution; effect on low-lying
islands and coasts experiment 1528:162
Solifluction; what happens to rocks and stones as
glacier meets experiment 1528:157
Structures affect the Earths surface temperature
experiment 1861:23
1528:161
Trade winds experiment, how to demonstrate with
colored waters 1528:130-131
What would happen to climate, weather patterns
and life forms if Earth were cubical experiment 1539:166-168
Wind blown ocean currents experiment
1528:131
Wind rose, how to make to show prevailing wind
1528:131
CLIMATE AND PLANTS
Climate conditions that are best for germination
experiment 1528:139
Drought experiment; evaporation of water from
soil 1528:151
Earthworms turn leaves into soil experiment
1528:150
Oasis model demonstrates how water collects
and seeds grow experiment 1528:145
Plant model demonstrates plants need light
experiment 1528:139
Plants adapt to climates experiment 1528:138-139
Salination; saltwater on soil surface kills plants
Temperate climate deciduous plants during drought
experiment 1528:140
41
Temperate climate plants affected by drying wind

and saltwater experiment 1528:141
Temperate climate plants damaged by frost experiment 1528:141
Tropical climate plants coping with too much water
experiment 1528:142
CLIMATOLOGY. See WEATHER
CLINOMETER. See also HEIGHT; SLOPES
Clinometer helps you measure tall objects, how
to make 1668:7
Clinometer to measure incline of land, how to
make 1746:12
Determine height of any stationery object using
clinograph 1864:182-184
How much wood will a tree yield experiment
1550:54-55
CLOCKS. See also SUNDIALS; TIME
Candle timekeeper, how to make 2038:38-39
Candle timer experiment 1629:30
Digital clock numbers, how to make 2038:86-87
Electric motor clock, how to make from plywood,
magnet and batteries 2038:79-81
Flower clock garden, how to plant 1645:37
Gears that work in clocks, make bottle cap model
2038:62-63
Grandfather clock model from strings and washers,
how to make 2038:68-69
Hourglass or 3-minute timer experiment
1629:32
Hourglass timekeepers, how to make 2038:43-44
Jewels as cushions in watches demonstration
2038:66-67
Pendulum clock, how to make 2014:135-137
Pendulum in which each swing takes exactly one
second to measure time, how to make
1532:90-91
Sand clock to demonstrate ancient Chinese clock
1658:13-15
Sand clock, how to make 1753:78
Sand clock, plastic bottles, sand, straw, paints,
how to make 1599:121-122
Shadow clock experiment, how to do 1587:62-64
Shadow clock from Ancient Egypt, how to make
2038:26-27
Shadow clock, make from stick, thread and spool
1837:15
String timer experiment 1629:30
Sun clock, how to make 1699:68-70
Sun clock, how to make 2014:129
Water clock (the Clepsydra) from Ancient Egypt,
Water clock demonstration 1972:45
Water clock experiment, how to make from plastic

containers, nail and water 1890:58-59
Water timer, how to make 1629:30-32
World clock, how to make 2014:130-133
CLONING. See also PLANTSPROPAGATION;
PLANTSVEGETATIVE
REPRODUCTION
Clone of root flowering plants experiment
1984:17-20
CLOTH. See also FABRIC; TEXTILES
CLOTHING
Colored pieces of clothing look different through
red cellophane experiment 1537:112
Colors of clothing that absorb the most heat
experiment 1542:35
experiment 1612:92
Dark fabrics absorb heat more rapidly than light
fabrics experiment 1537:8-9
Evaporation of water vapor from different-colored
clothing experiment 1534:113
Heat affects wrinkles in clothing experiment
1672:86-89
Hypothermia; explore how hypothermia works
experiment 1550:161
Insulated clothing works in harsh climate of tundra
Mittens trap body heat to help us stay warm
Mittens; which one insulates best experiment
1790:79-85
What clothes keep us warmest experiment
1620:111
What kinds of fabric take the most weight experiment 1620:21
CLOUD CHAMBER
How to build to capture cosmic rays 1820:88-89
CLOUDS. See also NEPHOSCOPE
Cloud cover, how to observe and measure in oktas
1528:180
Cloud in a bottle experiment 1751:8
Cloud in a bottle experiment, how to make 1894:8-9
Clouds affect the strength of the Sun experiment
1752:88
Clouds and condensation nuclei experiment
1528:45
Create a cloud in a jar experiment 1950:23
Fog chamber experiment; make portable cloud in
a bottle experiment 1577:45-48
How clouds are formed experiment 1832:22-24
How clouds form experiment with jar, lids, chalk
dust, ice cubes 1537:37-38
42

Cleaning dirty penny with lemon juice experiment
1879:94-95
Cleaning dirty penny with salt and vinegar experiment 1879:96-97
Coin cleaner experiment, clean pennies with lemon
juice 1890:74
Copper-plated nail experiment with penny and
lemon juice 1953:38
Electroplating a dime to look like a penny experiment 1674:36-38
Green pennies; how to make green pennies experiment 1831:131
Metallic luster on coins or polished metal surfaces
Pennies turn bright and shiny experiment
1699:58-59
Pennies turn green, nails get copper colored and
pennies turn copper again experiment
1670:80-81
1659:76-78
Shiny copper pennies from vinegar and salt easy
Shiny pennies experiment with pennies, vinegar
and salt 1970:306
COLD
Heat and cold; easy demonstrations 1923:9,12,21
experiment 1679:8-9
Molecules in frozen popsicle cling together experiment 1679:6-8
Popsicles demonstrate liquid to solid molecules
experiment 1679:6-8
COLD BLOODED ANIMALS
Why do cold blooded animals lie on rocks experiment 1752:90
COLD LIGHT (LUMINESCENCE). See also
FIREFLIES
Does the bioluminescence (flashing lights) created
by a firefly produce heat experiment
1571:130-131
COLD PACKS
1567:21-23
COLLISIONS
Collisions are elastic, inelastic or partially elastic
experiment 1609:89
Identify collisions as elastic, inelastic or partially
elastic experiment 1609:96-97
Nearly elastic collisions experiment 1609:95-97
How clouds form experiment, salt, water, covered

jar 1682:26
How do raindrops begin experiment 1861:44-47
How does a cloud form experiment 1861:40-43
Make a cloud in a bottle experiment 1987:43-44
Make clouds experiments 1594:44-50
Make your own clouds in a jar experiment 1969:15
Making clouds experiment 1739:5
Making clouds in glass jar experiment 1528:44
Warm air in cold air experiment 1594:51-52
Warm fluids in cold fluids experiment 1594:51-52
Watching and recording clouds experiment 1739:4
What are clouds experiment 1904:80-82
What clouds are and why rain comes from clouds
COAL
Coal; how many layers are there in coal experiment
1535:21-23
COAL MINING
Digging chips out of chocolate chip cookies
demonstrates destruction of earth from coal
mining experiment 1603:120
COASTS
Continents and oceans have different rates of
cooling and warming experiment 1528:146
model 1528:148
COBB, JEWEL PLUMMER DR.
Yeast growth in sugar and water experiment
1869:28-33
COCKROACHES. See also INSECTS
COCOONS. See also BUTTERFLIES;
CATERPILLARS; MOTHS
Can a pupa survive without its cocoon experiment
1571:138-140
CODES. See also CIPHERS; SIGNALS
COFFEE. See also CAFFEINE
COFFEE FILTERS
Chromatography capillarity; how fast can water
move through paper experiment 1801:30-31
COINS
Clean coins with vinegar, salt and lemon juice
experiment 1970:40
Clean coins with vinegar, salt and water experiment
1657:58-60
43
COLLOIDS. See also TYNDALL EFFECT

Gelatin dessert demonstrates colloidal mixture
experiment 2014:26
Ice cream demonstrates double colloid, how to
make 2001:142-145
Jiggling gelatin worms demonstrate a colloid gel
1840:209-213
Ooze from cornstarch and water, how to make
1698:112-113
Solid foam colloid experiments 2001:134-137
Vegetable oil and water in jar with food coloring
experiment 1785:64
COLOR. See COLORS
COLORATIONPROTECTIVE. See also
CAMOUFLAGE
COLORED FILTERS
Clothing colors look different through red cellophane experiment 1537:112
Colored filter decodes secret messages experiment
1578:21-24
Colored filter gives new look to colored pictures
Mixing colors with different colored filters or
cellophane experiment 1966:44-45
Using filters to view colors experiment 1966:43
What do colored filters do to colors experiment
1844:131-132
COLORED LIGHTS. See also LIGHTSCOLORED
Afterimages experiments with one or both eyes
and colored filters 1612:117-118
Algae; does color of light affect growth of algae
Brain; colored light effect on concentration and
human mind experiment 1612:121
Breaking white light into colors experiment
1983:30-33
Changing color by absorbing light experiment
1612:72-75
Color in colored light experiment 1612:76-77
Colored objects in colored light experiments
1915:50-51
Daphnia; varying wave lengths of light effect on
daphnia using colored filters experiment
1583:101
Disco tech lights (strobe-like effect) experiment
2028:56-57
Earthworms body part most sensitive to light
experiment 1583:87
Earthworms response to different light waves

project 1583:85-87
Magic trick magic flashlight with colored filters
Mixing blue and red light experiment 1608:80
Mixing blue, green and red light experiment
1608:81
Mixing colored lights experiment 1612:69-71
Mixing colors with different colored filters or
cellophane experiment 1966:44-45
Mixing green and blue light experiment 1608:80
Mixing green and red light experiment 1608:81
Mold; does mold grow better in different colors
of light experiment 1876:152-153
Plant growth; four colored lights effect on growth
of lima bean seedlings experiment 1934:50
Polarized light passing through sugar water rotates
to reveal beautiful colors experiment
1578:94-99
Red lights; why they are red experiment
1612:114-116
Reflected colors and mixing colored light experiment 1608:79-80
Spinning color wheel makes white color experiment 1627:14-16
COLORS
Balloon stretched with air has lighter color experiment 1753:28
Bending white light to separate it into colors
Benhams disk experiment; rotating black and
white disk gives illusion of color 1576:12-16
1983:30-33
Bubbles from colored liquid experiment
1607:76-77
Change grape soda to a colorless liquid experiment
using carbon granules 1676:41-44
Chromatography; colors in black water soluble
marker easy experiment with chromatography
1857:32-35
Clothing color that absorbs the most heat experiment 1542:35
Clothing colors look different through red cellophane experiment 1537:112
Color affects energy absorbed from light experiment
1844:92-93
Color changes in food experiment 1701:89-90
44
Color effect on temperature of black paint and

plaster of Paris powder experiment 1895:7
Color filters and spectrum experiment 1701:33-34
Colored cellophanes effect on taking away color
experiment 2028:38
Colors and colored images in soap bubbles experiment 1608:76-78
Colors change when placed against different
backgrounds experiment 1576:39-42
Colors in a soap bubble experiment 1677:47-48
Colors in soap bubbles; where do they come from
Colors of clothing that absorb the most heat experiment 1612:92
Create colors with a glass of water experiment
1562:18-20
Crunch aurora and zip lightning with Lifesaver
candy experiment 1701:77-78
Darth Fader effect of sunlight on color experiment
1935:84-85
Diffraction grating lets you discover colors in
light sources experiment 2028:31-32
Diffraction spectra in an umbrella experiment
1701:69-70
Diffraction; another way to separate white light
into colors experiment 1612:64-65
Effect of colors on each another when close together
experiment 1940:28
Eyes can be tricked by conditions when looking
at colors experiment 1701:48-49
Eyes; color of object depends on color of light
reflected to our eyes experiment
1901:47-51
Finger diffraction experiment 1701:65-66
Flower colors come from pigments in their petals
experiment 1546:51
Flower petals crushed in water show color pigments
experiment 1546:51
Giant bubble colors experiment 1607:74-76
Heat; how do colors react to heat experiment
1753:29
How cloth absorbs colors and how Sun fades colors
Human color perception experiment using colored
lights to make additive color mixtures
1576:16-20
If white is the coolest color, what is the warmest
Inks; what color is black ink experiment with
chromatography 1562:6-9
Light passing through prism produces colors of

light experiment 1818:37
Light, heat and color experiment; colored objects
absorb more heat than white objects 1612:91
Mathematics of color; subtraction using filters;
colored filters subtract some colors of light
from a beam of white light experiment
1611:67-68
Mathematics of color; subtraction using food colorings which subtract colors from white light
1611:68-73
Mathematics of colors; colors making up white
light can be added together to make other
colors 1611:62-66
Mirror in glass of water with Sun hitting mirror
produces color spectrum 1640:132
Mixing colored paints experiment 1701:34-38
Mixing primary light colors experiment
2028:34-35
Plants; which colors do plants prefer for photosynthesis experiment 2048:64-66
Primary activities to observe and demonstrate
properties of colors 1806:1-48
Rainbow color wheel discs produce white experiment 2028:36-37
Red sunset and blue sky in glass experiment
1701:51-57
Reflections, colors and thin films experiment
1608:78
Secondary colors; how are secondary colors made
experiment 1753:26
Seeing colors in plastic with polarized light
Separate colors experiment with felt markers
2014:88
Shades; without a boundary, its hard to distinguish
different shades of gray experiment
1576:61-65
Simple activities to demonstrate light and color
1766:4-29
Soap bubbles experiment with iridescent interference
colors 1701:62-63
Soap film, under influence of gravity, changes
thickness creating every-changing colors
1578:100-104
Solar heat; color changes temperature of solar heat
experiment 1540:48
Spectroscope demonstrates that white light is
composed of different wave lengths experiment (Advanced) 1839:283-287
Spectrum from a prism experiment 1701:14-16
Spin different colors experiment using color disks
1844:128-130
45
COMPACT DISC
How sound is produced from the surface of an
object experiment 1903:35-38
COMPASS
Compass activity; robot game, how to do
1824:24-25
Compass and bar magnet demonstrate properties
of magnetic lines of force 1683:23-25
Compass doesnt always give correct direction
experiment 1753:88
Compass experiment, make from styrofoam, needles
and magnet 1890:70-71
Compass made from magnetized needle in bowl
of water experiment 1549:42-43
Compass needle affected by magnet experiment
1605:18-19
Compass needle forgets North Pole and points to
nearby steel instead experiment 1845:44
Compass needles follow magnetic field that is
stronger than Earths experiment 1577:9-13
Compass stops pointing north when wires are
hooked to battery experiment 1820:84-85
Compass used to draw a map experiment
1605:25-26
Compass used to establish direction experiment
1605:25-26
Cork and needle compass in bowl of water, how
to make 1845:43-44
Electric current affects a compass experiment
1844:310-311
Electrons moving in wire cause compass needle
to move 1672:47-49
Floating compass needle experiment 1660:90
Floating compass, how to make 1908:23
Floating magnetic compass, how to make
1665:8-11
Hanging bar magnet becomes a compass experiment 1660:92
Homemade compass from card, string, magnet,
needle and jar, how to make 1640:150-151
Homemade compass from magnet, needle and
dish of water 1753:87
How a compass works easy experiments
1857:52-55
How compass needle reacts to magnetic field in
current in wire experiment 1758:48
How needle of compass is affected by magnetic
fields experiment 1851:76-77
How to use a compass 1683:11-12
Link between electricity and magnetism experiment with coils of wire, compass and D cell
1845:24-26
Spinning colors; how the eye sees colors that move

rapidly experiment 1753:31
Sunlight effect on colored objects experiment using
plastic bottles filled with different colored
water 1934:68-69
Sunlight; how sunlight affects colors experiment
1540:22-23
Sunlight; splitting sunlight into colors experiment
1588:29
1975:180-181
Thermal energy heat produced when light is
absorbed experiment 1612:89-90
Thin films; another way to separate white light
Three colors produce white experiment 1940:29
Water prisms experiment 2028:29-30
What color is white experiment 1844:126-127
What do colored filters do to colors experiment
1844:131-132
White or other colors created by mixing few colors
experiment 1758:57
COLORSINSECTS
Insects; which colors do insects prefer experiment
1690:25
COLUMNS. See also BUILDING; STRUCTURES
COMBUSTION. See also FIRE
Burning candle goes out when oxygen is cut off
experiment 1758:15
COMETS
experiment 1528:159
Comet ball, aluminum foil, ribbon, how to make
2049:11
Comet in a bag experiment demonstrates how rock
fragments, elements and freezing combine
to form a comet 1869:60-65
1586:120-125
Model comet with streaming tail, how to make
1974:32-33
2002:141-150
1528:161
COMMUNICATIONS
Eye contact in primates using blank and threat
stares experiment 1552:21-26
Nonverbal communication in human interactions
46
Decomposition in a compost pile project

1729:87-89
Earthworms used to recycle kitchen wastes into
fertile garden soil experiment 1539:90-92
Flower plants grow better in composted soil
Garbage can compost bin, how to make 1760:109
Indoor compost in plastic bag, how to make
1998:39
Make compost to demonstrate decomposing
working experiment 1826:22-23
Make your own compost experiment 1757:12-15
Milk carton composter makes compost experiment
1750:18-19
Natural fertilizers (compost) can replace synthetic
fertilizers experiment 1569:32-36
Outdoor compost bins, how to make 1998:40-41
Traditional compost pile, how to make 1760:108-109
Turn garbage into fertilizer experiment 1743:28-30
Water can be heated with composting plant material
Worm composting, how to do 1760:110-113
COMPOUNDS. See also ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Models of elements, mixtures and compounds
experiment 1710:15
COMPRESSED AIR. See AIRCOMPRESSED
COMPUTER DISKS
Whats inside a computer disk experiment
1699:40-41
COMPUTERS
AND and OR computer logic circuits experiment
1936:80-81
Code signal; build basic keyboard that produces
electric code signal for each key, how to
make 1532:165
Counting binary box changes any decimal number
from 0-15 into its binary equivalent, how to
make 1532:164
Disc drive; build model of a floppy disk drive that
stores data and then retrieves it experiment
1532:171
Half adder; build a half adder in which EOR and
AND gates produce the total experiment
1532:173
Numbers; simple working computer adds numbers
experiment, how to do 1532:180-181
Processing unit; make an abacus that adds binary
numbers the same way as a processing unit
1532:172
RAM chips; model shows how chip has rows of
eight memory cells each storing one byte
1532:170
Magic trick magnetic finger compass needle

moves experiment 1716:18-19
Magnet; how to make compass from needle experiment (Primary) 1543:16-18
Magnetic compass, how to make 1899:73-76
Magnetic field of solenoid causes compass to lose
its sense of direction experiment 1683:49-40
Magnets effect on compass experiment
2053:44-45
Make a compass from magnet, needle and foam
ball 1844:260-261
Make compass from magnetized needle and
piece of cork experiment 1683:32-33
Make compass from magnetized needle, bottle
cap and water experiment 1707:31
Making a compass from needle, bowl of water
and magnet 1664:124
Making a magnet and two magnetic compasses
Making and using a simple compass and a loop
compass 1727:26-27
Nail compass, how to make 1614:24-25
Needle and cork compass, how to make 1634:25
Needle compass, how to make 1758:39
Sewing needle compass, how to make 1637:26
Sewing needle magnet, how to make 1964:12
Suspended magnet compass, how to make
1908:22
Water compass in shallow dish, how to make
1863:52-55
COMPASS ROSE
Compass rose used to measure direction of a map
Compass rose, how to make 1850:87-88
Make a compass with a compass rose and use it
to locate magnetic north experiment
1850:92-96
COMPOST
Buried plant garbage will decompose experiment
1832:85-87
Compost bin, how to make and care for 1707:48-49
Compost can replace or supplement commercial
Compost from household garbage experiment
1987:56-57
Compost heap from vegetable scraps and garden
waste experiment 1546:9
Compost heap in box from kitchen scraps experiment 1551:21
Compost heap or worm factory in large garbage
can, how to do 1691:14-15
47
How conductors and insulators work experiment

with flashlight, plastic bag and penny
1707:103
How metals conduct or carry heat from one place
to another experiment 1674:9-11
CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM
CONSTELLATIONS. See also STARS
Activities to study the stars and constellations
2026:87-115
Autumn constellations, how to locate 1847:184-192
Cassiopeia (The Queen) constellation, how to
locate 1847:73-83
Cepheids change in size model, how to do
1847:89-92
Cepheus (The King) constellation, how to locate
1847:84-92
Circumpolar constellations daily movement model
Clock; constellation clock; motion of stars
throughout the year can reveal the time
Constellations baked on pancake surface experiment, recipe for pancakes 1627:18
Draco (The Dragon) constellation, how to locate
1847:93-101
Hand-made constellations experiment 1818:35
Hercules (The Kneeler) constellation, how to
locate 1847:177-183
Hydra (The Sea Monster) constellation, how to
locate 1847:162-169
Light box projects group of star-like light spots
Light box shows constellation patterns, how to
make 1953:158
List of constellations 1847:228-229
Locating Northern circumpolar constellations,
how to do 1847:45-50
Looking for the Big Dipper and Polaris experiment
1737:23
Make your own constellations project 1869:152-161
Make your own constellations using oatmeal
box, needle and flashlight 1751:90
Model constellation, how to make from skewers,
clay and foil 1706:15
Model mobile constellation, how to make
1974:30
Night sky, observing in spring, summer, fall and
winter experiment 1737:24-27
Search game; follow two search programs to see

how they work experiment 1532:174-175
Seven-bar display experiment, liquid-crystal display (LCD) shows numbers in dark segment
on a light background 1532:176
Simple working computer demonstrates how
computers main units fit together and
operate 1532:178-179
COMPUTERSPROJECTS
Build mini-ice-house using sawdust as insulator
to keep ice from melting experiment
1915:19-20
Computer creations and activities 1789:23-127
Counting stars experiment 1915:38-40
Curved mirror experiments 1915:42-45
Global view of Earth, Sun and Moon experiment
1915:26-28
Incident and reflected rays experiment 1915:45-46
Light box to make light rays experiment 1915:42-45
Mapping the Suns path experiment 1915:32-34
Moon mapping and watching experiment 1915:34-36
Relationship between origami fold known as wave
and golden mean or ratio experiment
1539:121-125
Size of the Sun and Moon experiment 1915:36
Solar system mobile made from computer printouts project 1789:98-99
Spreadsheets and graphics; how to use them in
your science project 1915:142-146
Stream table model to study water flow and erosion
Which way is North experiment 1915:29-32
CONCRETE. See also CEMENT
Garden edge bricks, how to make with concrete
and mortar 1572:40-42
Stepping stones from concrete and rocks or shells,
making 1572:43-45
CONDENSATION. See also MOISTURE; WATER
CONDITIONED BEHAVIOR. See GOLDFISH
CONDITIONING. See BEHAVIOR; LEARNING
CONDUCTION. See HEATCONDUCTION
Heat travels on steel wire and makes straight pins
fall experiment 1907:17
CONDUCTORS. See also ELECTRONICS
Expanding a metal with heat experiment
1674:12-14
48
CONSTRUCTION. See also BUILDING

CONSUMER GOODS
Breakfast cereal favorites survey in your class;
bar graph experiment 1550:8
Breakfast cereals compared for grams of fat per
serving experiment 1550:8
Breakfast cereals compared for minerals, vitamins,
sugars and fats experiment 1550:8
Breakfast cereals; size and calories of each serving
of breakfast cereals experiment 1550:8
Bulbs; brightness of bulbs from different manufacturers experiment 1539:82-84
Do a packaging survey for unnecessary layers of
wrappings 1691:5
Plastic food wrap as an insulator experiment
1540:75
Plastic wraps that keep food fresh compared
CONSUMER SAFETY
Tamper check for foods experiment 1540:42
CONTINENTAL DRIFT
Demonstrate how the continents drifted apart
1853:9-10
CONTINENTAL PLATES
Jigsaw of continental plates, how to make model
2016:7
CONTINENTS
Continental jigsaw to demonstrate drifting continents, experiment 2052:2-13
cooling and warming experiment
1528:146
Demonstrate how the continents drifted apart
1853:9-10
Identify and locate the seven continents and
four oceans of the world experiment
1850:177-187
Jigsaw of continental plates, how to make model
2016:7
model 1528:148
Plates; movement of plates shifts continents and
creates new crust material experiment
1528:152
CONVECTION. See also HEATCONVECTION
Convection in a gas experiment 1907:19
Night sky; observe and record constellations in

night sky 1547:35-41
Optical double model to see stars from slight
angle experiment 1847:61-63
Orion (The Hunter) constellation, how to locate
1847:214-223
Orion, how to observe 1706:27
Perseus (The Hero) constellation, how to locate
1847:193-200
Planetarium from flashlight and milk carton
experiment (Primary) 1557:67
Planetarium from oatmeal box, how to make
1627:18-20
Planisphere star finder model, how to make and
use 1802:22-23
Shoe box constellation, how to make 1737:22
Spring constellations, how to locate
1847:150-161
Star box to view constellations, how to make
1688:26-29
1847:30-34
Star map of the constellations that circle the Pole
Star, how to make 2038:50-51
Star map, how to use to find constellations experiment 1847:35-41
Star scope, how to make to view constellations
2003:12-13
Star tube to observe constellations, how to make
1893:24-25
Summer constellations, how to locate 1847:170-176
Tack board to display constellation pictures, how
to make 2049:16-17
1975:200-201
Tin can constellations experiment, how to make
2037:258
Ursa Major (Great Bear) constellation, how to
locate 1847:56-63
Ursa Minor (Little Bear) constellation, how to
locate 1847:64-72
Viewer; oatmeal box constellation viewer, how
to make 1970:20
When can you see Orion experiment 1905:36-38
Why constellations appear to decrease in size as they
rise above horizon experiment 1847:81-83
Winter constellations, how to locate 1847:201-207
Zodiac constellations, how to locate 1847:102-111
Zodiacal band of constellations model experiment,
make from battery pack, polyboard and
compasses 1974:28
49
Rust or oxidation of nail in salt solution experiment

1906:49-52
CORROSION OF METALS. See also RUST
COSMETICS
Lavender and rose powder, how to make 1702:133
Lip gloss, how to make 1702:134
Perfumed oil from herb leaves and spice experiment
1651:199-200
COSMIC RAYS
How to build a cloud chamber to capture cosmic
rays 1820:88-89
COTTON
Test strength of nylon compared to cotton experiment 1771:75-79
CRANE FLIES
How to catch and keep crane flies 1653:76-78
CRATERS
Craters made from dropping rocks into moist dirt
How Moon got its craters; science principles,
activities and data sheets 1875:151-155
Lunar surface model, how to make from salt dough
and paints 1697:16-17
Show how craters are formed and the different
shapes they take experiment 1533:8-9
CRAYFISH
Crayfish trap, how to make from plastic berry
boxes 1967:24-25
How to collect and observe crayfish 1930:122-123
How to keep and observe crayfish 2021:98-102
CRAYONS
Crayons affected by heat and cold experiment
1832:51-53
Heating crayons and observing changes of state
CREEKS
Creek aquarium to keep creek critters for observation, how to do 1916:33
CRESS
Cress seeds grow in cookie cutters, how to do
1662:14-15
Grow cress eggs experiment 1973:94
CRICKETS
Are crickets attracted to light experiment 1652:50
Are crickets lefties or righties experiment 1732:42
Calculate temperature by counting cricket chirps
1633:64
Calculate the air temperature with a cricket experiment 1959:112-113
Convection in a liquid experiment using food

coloring in tank of water 1907:18
CONVECTION CURRENTS
Simulate movement of air currents due to convection experiment 1850:151-154
COOKERSSOLAR. See also SOLAR COOKERS
COORDINATION
Coordination tester experiment, make from
shoe box, wire, light bulb and battery
1890:61-63
Hand eye coordination experiment 1725:146
How does being cold affect your coordination
experiment 1669:17
COPPER
Observe expansion and contraction of copper
COPPER PLATING. See also ELECTROPLATING
CORAL REEF
Best material for artificial coral reefs experiment
1569:49-53
Coral patterns 1834:27-28
How coral reefs protect the beach experiment
1752:55
CORBELS. See also BUILDING
CORIOLIS EFFECT
Model demonstrates curved paths of fluids due to
the Coriolis effect experiment 2050:28-30
CORIOLIS FORCE
Coriolis forces explained experiment 1983:68-70
What is the Coriolis force experiment 1904:87-89
CORN
Corn and beans; compare stems and root systems
of each plant experiment 1854:52-55
Corn and beans; differences between monocots
and dicots experiment 1854:52-55
What are the first signs of corn seed germination
CORNHUSK DOLLS
Corn husk doll, how to make 1555:115
CORONA. See ECLIPSES
CORROSION
Metal corrosion and how it is controlled experiment 1674:31-35
1659:76-78
pH level most conducive to corrosion in iron and
copper experiment 1539:66-67
50
Can crickets learn experiment 1777:38

Can crickets swim experiment 1777:41
Catch and study a cricket, how to do 1928:30-31
Cave or camel crickets, how to keep and observe
them 2021:16-18
Cold temperature effects on crickets experiment
1777:37
Collecting and housing crickets and grasshoppers,
how to do 1930:24-25
Counting cricket chirps to tell you the temperature,
how to do 2003:39
Cricket chirps tell you the temperature, how to
count 1753:122
Cricket tells you the temperature experiment
2014:250
Cricket thermometer, how to do 1732:16
Cricket thermometer; tell temperature by number
of cricket chirps 1967:159
Do crickets like light or dark experiment 1777:38
Do crickets like to live together experiment
1732:33-34
Do crickets prefer certain colors experiment
1732:37-38
Do crickets prefer damp or dry sand experiment
1652:48-50
Do crickets prefer houses with two doors or one
door experiment 1652:45
Do crickets prefer moss, damp grass clippings or
damp sand experiment 1652:51
Do crickets stay in houses because they are attracted
to darkness experiment 1652:50
Eggs; how to care for cricket eggs 17323:42
Experiments with crickets, data sheets given
1652:41-57
External identifying features of adult insects
Feeding grasshoppers and crickets, how to do
1871:18-19
Field crickets, how to catch and keep them
1653:82-85
Having female present increases aggression in
male crickets experiment 1652:56-59
House for cricket from glass jar, how to make
1855:22-25
How a male cricket sings, observation 1777:28
How crickets communicate through song experiment 1552:40-45
How far can a cricket jump experiment 1777:38
How to collect and care for crickets 1732:28-31
How to collect and keep crickets 1871:12-19
How to tell temperature from cricket chirps
1928:31
Is one male consistently dominant over the other

males experiment 1652:54-56
Isolated male cricket is more aggressive than a nonisolated male cricket experiment 1652:56
Jar home for crickets, how to set up 1777:10
Level of aggression in male cricket is affected by
previous win or lose fight experiment
1652:57
Male cricket with a house is more aggressive toward
intruder experiment 1652:56
Microbial disease in crickets experiment
1570:124-126
Model of cricket, how to make from egg carton
and pipe cleaners 1928:32
Observe behavior and eating habits experiment
1603:79-80
Obstacle course or maze for crickets experiment
1641:47
Poster of crickets external and internal parts
1777:22-23
Setting up a cage, how to do 1871:16-17
Telling temperature by cricket chirps, how to do
1793:43
What do crickets eat experiment 1777:40
What food do crickets prefer experiment
1652:51
What makes crickets sing experiment 1732:39-41
What natural surroundings do crickets prefer
Will crickets avoid snake scent experiment
1777:40
Will crickets choose houses with other crickets
or a house to themselves experiment
1652:48
Will crickets go in the water experiment 1777:41
Will crickets make more tunnels in dry or wet
sand experiment 1652:50
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION. See DETECTIVES
CROSS STAFF. See also LATITUDE
CRUSTACEANS. See also BRINE SHRIMP;
OSTRACODS; SOW BUGS
CRYPTOGRAPHY
Alphabet in Morse code, how to use and investigate 1822:51-52
Bar chart to interpret letter frequency, how to make
1822:35-39
1822:48-50
Cipher wheels, how to make and use 1822:12-22
Code words, how to use 1822:25-26
Codes using numbers for letters, how to do
1822:27-31
51
Cracking substitution ciphers, how to do 1822:40-41

Factor grids in which to put the letters of a message,
how to do 1822:44-45
Grids used with number codes, how to do
1822:32
Invented alphabets, how to make 1822:46-47
Julius Caesars cipher, how to decode 1822:9-11
Letter frequency, how to do 1822:34
Random ciphers, how to do 1822:23-24
Scytale device for sending and receiving messages,
how to do 1822:33
Transposition ciphers, how to do 1822:42-43
CRYSTALS. See also GARDENSCHEMICAL;
MELTS; ROCKS
Alum crystals experiment, how to grow 1817:17
Alum crystals, how to grow 1666:14-21
Alum crystals, how to grow 1670:63
Alum crystals, how to grow 1738:9
Alum crystals, how to grow 1827:16-17
Atomic packing in crystals model using styrofoam
balls 1610:95-99
Baking soda crystals experiment 2035:23
Baking soda crystals, how to make 1670:59
Beautiful crystals, how to grow experiment
2014:49-50
Big crystal experiment using alum 2014:48
Borax crystals, how to make 1670:61
Charcoal crystal garden experiment 1933:8
Coal, salt and ammonia crystal garden experiment
2014:47
Colored crystals, how to grow experiment
2014:51
Compare colorless regular soda and colorless diet
soda for crystal formation experiment
1833:78
Compare regular water and sea water for crystal
formation experiment 1833:79
Cream of tartar crystals, how to make 1670:62
Crystal garden, how to make using Epsom salt
1879:90-91
Crystal garden experiment using charcoal, salt
and ammonia experiment 1951:41-42
Crystal garden in glass bowl experiment
1633:104-105
Crystal garden, how to make 1670:62
Crystal garden, how to make 1670:64
Crystal model, how to make 2050:87-89
Crystal needles from Epsom salt crystals experiment 2022:103
Crystal pictures on paper from different varieties
of salt experiment 1840:19-24
Crystal rock garden experiment 1831:106
Crystal theory experiment; what happens in a

crystal when atoms arrange themselves
1599:107
Crystals cube-shaped experiment 1859:12-15
Crystals from variety of supersaturated solutions
Crystals sparkle dough pictures experiment
2022:37
Dorothy Hodgkin; repeat her experiments with
crystal structures and structure of penicillin
1586:217-219
Effect of temperature on color of liquid crystals in
color-changing cars experiment 1840:261-267
Epsom salt crystals grow in bowl of rocks experiment 1631:10-12
Epsom salt crystals grow in Sun experiment
1699:56-57
Epsom salt crystals, how to make 1670:58
Frozen crystals from soap bubble mix experiment
2022:102
Grow several types of crystals experiment 1758:17
Grow some crystals to demonstrate work of Dorothy
Hodgkin, Nobel Prize winner 1658:33-35
Grow sucrose crystals called rock candy experiment
1637:63
Grow sugar crystals experiment 1802:32
Grow your own crystals and examine shapes like
Pasteur did experiment 1819:108-109
Growing crystals on charcoal or bricks experiment
1879:88-89
Growing Epsom salt crystals experiment
2050:89-90
Growing salt crystals experiment, Epsom salt,
salt and alum 1599:108-109
1869:162-169
Halite crystals, how to make 1746:29
How do crystals form experiment 1842:150-151
How fast do crystals grow experiment 1876:133
Magnetic minerals in sand experiment 1746:30
Make crystals from crystals of salt experiment
1676:19-21
Make large sugar crystals from tiny ones experiment 1844:39-40
Make salt crystals on a string experiment
1833:79
52
Sugar crystals, how to make 1670:58

Two-dimensional model of crystal imperfections
project 1610:105-107
Washing soda crystals, how to make 1670:61
Watch crystals form in rock candy experiment
1831:102
Water can dissolve just so much sugar experiment
1548:34
What are crystals and how do they grow experiment 1566:24-27
What type of crystals do rocks have experiment
1842:152
CURIE POINT
Piece of iron heated to high temperature loses its
ability to be magnetized experiment
1577:29-32
CURIE, MARIE
Decay process in molecules similar to decay process
in radioactive atoms experiment 1755:112-113
Experiment demonstrates how distillation works
1869:84-89
Make a thermometer like Marie Curies students
1755:109-110
Measure heat rays experiment 1755:111-112
Repeat Curies physical, chemical and magnetic
soil experiments 1586:200-204
CURIE, PIERRE
1577:29-32
CURRENTSOCEAN. See also OCEAN
CYANOMETER
Measure shades of blue in the sky with cyanometer,
how to build and use 1864:14-16
CYCLAMATES. See ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS
CYLINDERS
Book is supported on one sheet of paper experiment 1879:80-81
Make sugar crystals on a string experiment

1833:78
Model of cubic halite crystal and model of
tetragonal zircon crystal experiment
1859:14-15
Models of crystal shapes, how to make 2001:33
Models of crystals, how to make 2014:54
Paper crystal models of four crystal forms experiment 1599:110-112
Rock candy crystals experiment 1972:19
Rock candy crystals experiment, how to make
1829:6-7
Rock candy crystals experiment, how to make from
water, sugar, paper clips and string 1548:36-38
Rock candy crystals you can eat experiment
1631:10-12
Rock candy experiment, how to make 1879:86-87
Rock candy; how to make rock candy experiment
1564:10-12
Salt crystals experiment, how to make 2022:100
Salt crystals, how to grow 1828:5
Salt crystals, how to make 1670:57
Salt dissolved in water experiment, does more
dissolve in hot or cold water 1548:35
Saltwater crystals experiment 1953:59
Shape of crystals model, how to make 1710:10
Six crystal systems, how to build models
2050:87-90
Star shaped crystals from borax, water and pipe
cleaners experiment 2001:28-29
Sugar and gelatin solution grows crystals experiment 1851:103
Sugar crystal candy experiment 1970:48
Sugar crystals (rock candy) experiment 2031:22
Sugar crystals with and without gelatin experiment
1859:10-11
Sugar crystals, how to grow experiment
1951:44-45
53
&
DA VINCI, LEONARDO. See VINCI, LEONARDO

DA
DAGUERRE, LOUIS J.
Produce a simple photographic image experiment
1771:23-28
DAIRY
Cows; how cows process food and make milk
project 1729:43-48
DAIRY PRODUCTS
Butter making project 1729:49-51
Cheese making project, make cottage cheese
1729:52
Compare microbes in various types of milk products
Make butter from cream experiment 1849:175-177
DALTON, JOHN
DALTONS THEORY
Isotopes; isotropic forms of the elements model
1610:84-85
DAMS
Test dam model for strength of curved shape
experiment 1635:25
DANDELIONS
Are dandelions as effective as commonly prescribed
antibiotics against bacteria experiment
1539:126-128
Compound flower experiment using dandelion
1751:89
How much of dandelion root must you pull out to
keep it from growing again 1876:71-81
Natural rubber made from dandelions experiment
1637:51
Sap from dandelion dries to form elastic materials
experiment 1751:72
Succulent cells of dandelion experiment
1959:140-141
DAPHNIA. See also MICROSCOPE; PROTOZOA;
WATER FLEAS
Drugs effect on daphnia heartbeat experiment
1583:97-99
Light effect on daphnia behavior experiment

1583:100-101
Population growth of daphnia under fluorescent
bulbs versus incandescent bulbs experiment
1583:101
Varying wave lengths of light effect on daphnia
using colored filters experiment 1583:101
Water temperature effect on daphnia heartbeat
experiment 1583:99
DARBLING BEETLES. See MEALWORMS
DARWIN, CHARLES
Discovery walk in your own environment, how
to do 1919:115-118
2002:107-116
Study earthworms like Darwin did experiment
1919:115
DATA PROCESSING. See COMPUTERS
DAY AND NIGHT. See also NIGHT AND DAY
Day and night demonstrated experiment
1528:17
Where does each new day begin experiment
1906:32-34
Why do we have day and night experiment
1737:6
Why do we have day and night experiment with
ball and flashlight 1704:17
DAYLIGHT
Daylight hours increase or decrease equally at
both ends of day experiment 1587:75-76
DECAY. See also MOLDS; ROT
Bananas in four bags with yeast and water experiment 1603:106-107
How does yeast affect decay experiment
1735:39
DECOMPOSERS
Insects decompose leaf litter experiment 1691:9
DECOMPOSITION. See also COMPOST; MOLDS;
ROT
Bananas in four bags with yeast and water experiment 1603:106-107
Buried plant garbage will decompose experiment
1832:85-87
54
DENSITIES. See FLOATING AND SINKING;

WATER
DENSITY. See also LIQUIDS
Behavior of two immiscible liquids and the solubility of dyes in the liquids experiment
1840:235-238
Compare how objects float in tap water and in
saltwater experiment 1840:137-142
Density of different salt solutions experiment using
homemade hydrometer 1550:132-133
Density tube toy filled with liquid and glitter
Egg floats in saltwater and sinks in fresh water
experiment 1680:30
Float egg in saltwater experiment 1879:24-25
Frustration bottles experiment, add liquids to
bottles and observe resulting layers
1840:239-243
How liquids float experiment using narrow bottle,
oil, alcohol and food colors 1838:30
Identify and control variables that affect the drip
period of liquid timers experiment
1840:229-233
Layered lemon Jello demonstrates what is density
Layering colored fluids of different densities
Liquid filled balloons in tub experiment; which
Make hydrometer to measure how things float in
different liquids experiment 1838:28
Many layers of liquids in a glass using water, syrup
and cooking oil experiment 1879:20-21
(Advanced) 1839:233-237
Measure density of your body using Archimedes
method 1637:69
Physical properties difference in high-density
polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene
terephtahalate (PET) and polystyrene (PS)
Saltwater is denser or heavier than freshwater
experiment 1784:13
Bury waste items in soil to check for decomposition experiment 1987:26-27

Cold weather in tundra decomposition problems
Compare rate of food decomposition in two zip
lock bags; one in dark and one in light
experiment 1641:48
Decomposers; insects and creatures in dead leaves,
how to collect experiment 2044:51
Decomposition by tiny animals experiment
1540:54
Decomposition investigation at crime scene project
1888:93-96
Food decay in clear plastic box experiment
1987:28
Food decomposition affected by light, dark, wet,
dry, earthworms experiment 1641:48
Getting worms to eat your garbage experiment
1655:12-13
Making compost to demonstrate decomposing
working experiment 1826:22-23
Mold spores cause decay in fruits and vegetables
Molds rot a red pepper experiment 1546:8
Process of decomposition project 1729:79-85
Repeat Redis experiment that bacteria and fungi
form by spontaneous generation experiment
1987:30-32
What decomposes in soil experiment with eggshells, leaves, paper and plastic 1970:159
What happens to a leaf after it has fallen experiment 1751:76
Which solids decompose easily project
1842:206-207
Worms eat organic matter and aerate the soil
Yeast and bananas in plastic bags demonstrate
decomposition experiment 1602:27-28
DECOMPRESSION. See DIVINGSUBMARINES
DEEP SEA DIVER. See CARTESIAN DIVER
DEFORESTATION. See EROSION; RAIN FOREST
DEHYDRATION. See also FOOD
DELTAS
Delta formation, how are deltas formed experiment 1752:68
Make a delta to demonstrate sand deposits into
delta region, experiment 2052:29
Make delta model to demonstrate movement of
soil into the sea experiment 2016:29
DEMESTRAL, GEORGE
Test Velcro experiment 1771:87-88
55
Why is desert hot in day and cold at night experiment 1550:17

DESMIDS. See also MICROSCOPE
DETECTIVE WORK
Ballistics to match bullets to gun project
1888:50-52
Blood identification at crime scene project
1888:64-65
Bone identification at the crime scene project
1888:75-78
Bottom-of-letter handwriting analysis to solve
crime project 1888:104-105
Burned documents investigation at crime scene
project 1888:68-70
Casts of footprints, shoe prints and tire tracks left
at scene of crime project 1888:44-46
Chemistry used to identify unknown substances
at crime scene project 1888:55-59
Classifying fingerprints 1888:28-30
Cloth fibers left at scene of crime project
1888:40-42
Collecting tough fingerprints at scene of crime
project 1888:33-35
Counterfeit bills, how are they detected project
1888:108-110
Decomposition investigation at crime scene project
1888:93-96
DNA testing at the crime scene project 1888:81-83
Dust and dirt identification at crime scene project
1888:88-89
Dusting for fingerprints project 1888:30-33
Feet reveal height investigation at crime scene
project 1888:78-80
Fingerprints left at scene of crime project
1888:25-27
Glass fragments left at scene of crime project
1888:49-50
Hair specimens left at scene of crime project
1888:38-39
Heat loss investigation at crime scene project
1888:91-93
Ink and pen identification from scene of crime
project 1888:66-68
Interviewing witnesses project 1888:15-17
Lip prints left at scene of crime project
1888:22-24
Microbes used for testing at crime scene project
1888:83-85
Microorganisms investigation at crime scene
project 1888:90-91
Paper fibers left at scene of crime project
1888:42-44
Test clay boats cargo-carrying capacity to modify

boats design experiment 1840:59-65
Two layers with different colors using cooking
oil, water and food coloring experiment
1879:26-28
What is the densest object you can find experiment 1743:68-70
DENTIFRICES. See TOOTHPASTE
DERMATOGLYPHICS. See FINGERPRINTING
DESALINIZATION. See also WATER
DESALINIZATION
DESCARTES, RENE. See also CARTESIAN DIVER
Changes in fluid pressure affect buoyancy of a
Cartesian diver experiment 1579:36-41
DESCARTES DIVER. See CARTESIAN DIVER
DESERT ANIMALS
Small desert animals get water from seeds of desert
plants experiment 1948:31
DESERT BIOMES
Demonstrate how some cactus plants store water
Things to do to conserve and preserve the desert
biome 1791:57-60
DESERT COMMUNITY. See also ECOSYSTEMS
DESERT GARDEN
Grow cactus plants in small desert garden experiment 1695:26-27
DESERT PLANTS
Desert plants have leaves that keep in water experiment 1948:29
DESERTIFICATION. See also DESERT; EROSION
DESERTS
experiment 1550:17
Heating and cooling of desert soils experiment
1550:17
Mini desert experiment, how to make with sand,
gravel, soil, container, small cacti and
succulents 1546:42-43
Planting trees holds desert soil in place experiment
1927:21
1975:163-165
56
Paper trail; indented paper investigation at crime

scene project 1888:98-99
Predict what objects are in closed box project
1888:9-11
Scene of the crime activities to perform project
1888:12-15
Seeds and spore identification at crime scene
project 1888:85-87
Spacing and slant analysis of handwriting to solve
crime project 1888:105-107
Teeth impressions at the crime scene project
1888:72-74
Tool impressions left at scene of crime project
1888:47-48
Top-of-letter handwriting analysis to solve crime
project 1888:102-103
Trailing a suspect project 1888:18-20
Typewriting analysis to solve crime project
1888:99-101
Voiceprints to help identify person project
1888:35-37
DETECTIVES
Chromatography test to match inks from pens
experiment 1937:15
Fingerprints, how to get and preserve 1937:41
How do detectives tell the difference in inks
experiment 1876:134
DETERGENTS. See also SOAP
Brands of dish washing liquids and their effect
on soap bubbles experiment 1607:39-55
Compare which detergents clean clothes best
experiment 1620:30
Damaging effect of phosphate detergents on freshwater, plant and animal life experiment
1864:163-164
Detergent effect on plant growth experiment
1569:91-95
Detergent is better for washing things than just
plain water experiment 1620:30
Do plain or biological detergents clean food
stains from clothing experiment 1620:30
How dishwashing liquid cleans away oil experiment 1851:114-115
How well do detergents work experiment
1743:91-94
Making water less sticky experiment 1607:19-20
Needle floats on water until touched with drop of
dishwashing liquid experiment 1680:30
Soap film on water pushed away by different
household products 1637:37
Soapy water drop on waxed paper experiment
1607:20
Which detergents wash cleanest in cold water

experiment 1620:30
DEW
Dew evaporating from grass experiment
1528:52
What causes dew experiment 1851:80-81
What causes dew experiment 1861:48-51
DEW POINT. See also WATER
Dew point temperature chart 1528:187
How to measure dew point experiment
1953:257
Humidity affects dew point experiment
1851:80-81
Humidity affects dew point temperature experiment 1861:49
Investigate temperature and precipitation and
dew point experiment 1550:159-160
Measure dew point experiment 1753:119
Measuring the dew point experiment 1594:56-57
Predicting the dew point experiment 1528:53
Temperature at which dew begins to condense
experiment 1739:13
Temperature at which dew forms is called dew
point experiment 1861:49
What is the dew point experiment 1904:93-94
DIAPERS
How much water do things hold experiment with
diapers, paper towels and cotton ball
1879:32-34
Super absorbent polymer absorbs liquid experiment 1675:12-13
Super absorber polymers in disposable diapers
DIATOMS. See also ALGAE; MICROSCOPE
Diatoms differences in types found in ponds and
streams experiment 1570:99-100
How to collect from pond or ditch mud
1661:39
DIFFRACTION. See LIGHT
DIFFUSION. See also MOLECULES
Cells; chemicals move through fluid inside cell by
spreading out process known as diffusion
experiment 1725:27
Cells; diffusion in action in cells experiment using
ink and water 1725:27
How does water move through moss experiment
1854:8-12
57
Molecules in motion in hot and cold water and

food coloring experiment 2001:20-22
Molecules mix together in liquid experiment
1906:55-56
Plastic bubble wrap used to model microencapsulation used in scratch-and-sniff stickers experiment 1840:45-51
DIGESTION. See also HUMAN BODY
Acidity of food vacuoles in a paramecium experiment 1570:62-64
Starch; iodine test for presence of starch in cracker
from your mouth experiment 1571:23-24
DINOSAURS
Apatosaurus model made from plastic bottle and
papier mache 1694:20-21
Armor model, bony plates, how to make 1999:28-29
Arms models, how to make 1999:23
Body temperature of cold-blooded dinosaurs
affected by the environment experiment
1851:86-87
Brachiosaurus model, how to make with wire and
plaster of Paris 1999:32-33
Dinosaur egg models made from clay 1694:22-23
Dinosaur foot model made in clay, how to do
1694:10-12
Dinosaur jaws models, how to make from soft
wood 1999:21
Dinosaur skeleton made from cardboard, straws
and sand 1694:14-15
Dinosaur tooth fossil made from clay 1694:18-19
Eggs; plaster of Paris dinosaur eggs, how to make
1670:22
Evolutionary dinosaur tree model, how to make
1999:12-13
Excavation site model, how to make 1999:14-15
Flying Pteranodon reptile made from paper and
wire 1694:16-17
Footprints; plaster of Paris dinosaur footprints,
how to make 1670:24
How were dinosaur tracks made experiment
1851:88-89
Hypsilophodon model, how to make with wire
and plaster of Paris 1999:30-31
Landscape; dinosaur landscape model, how to
make 1999:10-11
Landscape; make prehistoric landscape from flour,
salt dough and paints 1654:8-9
Legs models; how to make 1999:22-23
Nodosaurid model from cardboard, how to make
1745:89-92
Plesiosaurs model, how to make with wire and

Plesiosaurus pop-up paper model, how to make
1694:26-27
Prehistoric landscape in box, how to make 1694:6-7
Pteranodon model, how to make with wires, plasticine and cardboard 1999:42-43
Pterosaur, make from cardboard, pipe cleaners
and string 1654:22-23
Skeleton of four-legged dinosaur model, how to
make 1999:16-19
Stegosaurus model, how to make with wire and
Stegosaurus model, make from newspaper, pulp
1975:53-61
1975:82-83
Triceratops model, how to make with wire and
Tyrannosaurus model, how to make with wire
and plaster of Paris 1999:38-39
Tyrannosaurus skull model, how to make
1999:20-21
When did the dinosaurs live experiment
1905:95-98
DINOSAURSGAMES
Extinction of dinosaurs game, make from cardboard and plasticine 1999:44-45
DIORAMA
Tide pool diorama, how to make, patterns of animals
given 1834:20-23
DIP NET. See also NETS
DIRECTION
Astrolabe, a simple direction finder, how to make
1660:36-37
Finding North with Sun and stick experiment
1587:53-57
DIRT. See SOILS
DISEASES
Handshake transmits yeast cell from one hand to
another experiment 1571:58-60
Microbes can be spread from one person to
another by a simple handshake experiment
1571:58-60
DISHWASHERS
Demonstrate rotating spray of dishwasher experiment 1532:80
Do dishwashers or detergents get rid of microbes
on eating utensils experiment 1570:120-121
58
Dog biscuits, recipe, how to make 1529:50-51

Microbes in human saliva compared to dog saliva
Observe how domestic dog greets different types
of individuals experiment 1552:89-95
Produce sounds similar to a barking dog experiment 1903:27-30
Train your dog to link sound of bell with food
experiment 1530:31
Which chooses human contact more, a kitten or a
puppy experiment 2020:143-147
DOLPHINS
Dolphin-safe tuna in supermarkets and restaurants
survey project 1965:86-88
DOORBELLELECTRIC. See also ELECTRIC
DOORBELLS
How your doorbell works experiment 1577:76-79
DOPPLER EFFECT. See also SOUND
When does sound tell the direction of a moving
DOUGHS
Alum dough, recipe 1670:3
Cornmeal dough, recipe 1670:7
Cornstarch-glue dough, recipe 1670:8
Glue-shampoo dough, recipe 1670:7
Oat dough, recipe 1670:10
Salad dressing dough, recipe 1670:6
Silly stuff dough, recipe 1670:3
Soap dough, recipe 1670:8
DOWSING
Water witchingwhich way to the water experiment 1959:32-33
DRAG
Drag affects falling objects experiment (Advanced)
1839:239-244
DRAGONFLIES
Dragonfly nymphs, how to keep and observe
them 2021:46-49
How to raise damselflies and dragonflies
1930:92-93
Model of dragonfly or damselfly demonstrates
how they fly 1855:58-61
DRAWINGS
Pantograph drawing machine, how to make
1629:22-24
DREDGERS
Dredger model, make from wood, cardboard,
dowels and spools 1896:24-25
DRIED FLOWERS. See also FLOWERS
COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION
Eating utensils and the microbes on them experiment 1570:120-121

DISINFECTANTS
How good are common household disinfectants at
reducing microbes experiment 1570:109-112
What substance is most effective for preventing
breeding of bacteria in waterbeds experiment 1539:131-133
DISSEMINATION. See SEEDSDISPERSAL
DISTANCE. See also MEASUREMENT
Finding lengths and distances by scale drawing
activities 1824:51-54
Hodometer measures in meters or in yards, how
to make 1668:8-9
Known height used to measure distance indirectly
Measuring large distances on a globe experiment
1982:112-114
Feet toy 1839:203-206
Trundle wheel to measure distance, how to make
1634:34
DISTILLATION. See also WATERDISTILLATION
Aromas; distillation experiment to concentrate
aromas of spices, citrus fruits and vanilla
beans 1914:24-31
Distilling salty water to get pure freshwater, how
to do 1664:75
Experiment demonstrates how distillation works
1869:84-89
Heat changes saltwater into rain water experiment
1900:53-55
Make 100 percent pure water experiment
1743:83-88
Saltwater distillation experiment 1710:21
Still from simple materials to use for distillation
experiments, how to make 1914:32-34
DISTURBED HABITATS. See ECOSYSTEMS;
HABITATS
DIVING BELLS. See also DIVINGSUBMARINES
DIVISION. See also MATHEMATICS
DNA PROFILES
DNA testing at the crime scene project
1888:81-83
DOGS
Are dogs color blind experiment 1539:181-182
Conditioning your dog to respond to a stimuli
(bell, whistle, etc.) experiment 1595:15-16
Do animals sleep more than humans experiment
1595:72
59
DRIED FOOD
Why do we dry food experiment 1568:46-48
DRILLS
Where were drills first used experiment 1906:16-19
DRINK MIXES
Which colored dyes are used in powdered drink
mix and in colored marking pens experiment
1539:77-79
DRINKING STRAWS. See also STRAWS
DRINKING WATER
Pollution influence on drinking water experiment
1535:71-73
Well model; build to demonstrate how people get
water from wells experiment 1603:25
DRINKING WATERPURIFICATION. See also
WATERDRINKING; WATER
PURIFICATION
DROPS. See also WATER DROPS
DROUGHT
soil 1528:151
DRUGS
DUCKS
Duck feathers reaction to rain experiment
1751:11
Wood duck nesting box, how to make 1811:11
DUCKWEED
How to grow in pond water experiment 1692:10
DUNCKER EFFECT
False start illusion experiment 1959:66-67
DUPONT COMPANY
Teflon frying pan compared to ordinary frying
pan experiment 1771:98-99
DYES
Blackberry and onion skin dyes, how to make
and use 1572:66-67
Coloring with natural dyes experiment 1540:43
Dye cloth from natural dyes, tea and blueberries
Dye fabric using mordant and spices experiment
1802:60-62
Dyes from spices, vegetables and flowers experiment 1802:62-63
Eggs dye better when vinegar is added to dye
bath experiment 1613:119-128
How cloth absorbs colors and how Sun fades
colors experiment 1832:47-50
How fabrics respond to different dye strengths
experiment 1753:30
Mordant for treating cloth to be dyed, how to make
2040:156
Natural dyes from onion skins experiment
1802:60-61
Natural dyes from vegetables, berries, tea, how to
make 2040:155-157
Natural dyes, recipes 1670:41-48
Paints from foods and spices experiment 2022:130
Paints from nuts, flowers, vegetables and grasses
experiment 2022:131
Plant dyes, how to make and dye fabric 1967:180-181
Tie dye handkerchief using onion skins or blackberries experiment 1620:15
Which colored dyes are used in powdered drink
mix and in colored marking pens experiment
1539:77-79
Why is vinegar put in the dye when you color
eggs simple project 1876:115-122
60
&
EARS. See also HUMAN BODY

EARTH
Asthenosphere; how does pressure affect rock in
the asthenosphere experiment 1851:74-75\
Atmosphere; why atmosphere is warmest near
the equator experiment 2050:163-167
Binary Sun system experiment to observe
heating of Earth by using two model Suns
1534:27-30
Binary Sun system experiment; show how differently substances would heat if two Suns
were in sky above planet 1534:23-26
Bulging Earth model experiment 1864:152-153
Circulatory winds of a non-rotating Earth experiment, model shows direction winds would
travel 1534:32-35
Compare diameter and volume of Earth and Sun
Continents; ancient continents jigsaw puzzle
demonstrates how continents used to be
connected 1599:24-25
Craters; how they are formed and the different
Decay rates of plant matter in a carbon dioxide/
nitrogen atmosphere experiment
1534:77-80
Difference between the circumference of the
Earth between equator and north and south
poles experiment 1850:40-42
Eratosthenes geometric method to determine circumference and radius of the Earth experiment
2050:57-63
1534:62-66
Faults; model of types of faults and types of stress
causing them experiment 2050:121-126
Find variation between geographic north and
magnetic north experiment 1850:75-85
Flat Earth weather experiment; model shows how

flat model Earth would heat and cool
1534:36-39
1915:26-28
Gravity; demonstrate Earths gravity with magnetic
model experiment 1974:24
Identify and locate the seven continents and four
oceans of the world experiment 1850:177-187
Layers of Earth model made from clay experiment
1549:13-15
Layers; elements that make up three outer parts
of Earth; lithosphere, hydrosphere and
atmosphere experiment 2050:67-71
Layers; model of Earths three layers based on
chemical composition experiment 2050:73-77
Layers; pie chart of Earths three layers, crust,
mantle and core experiment 2050:75-77
Layers; zone of partial melting; flowing rock
Mapping a sphere the Earth experiment; comparing
globes and flat maps 1850:43-51
Melting rate of ice in smoke-filled atmosphere
Model of distance between Sun and Earth to scale
Model of Earth as seen from space project
1610:59-61
Model of Earth demonstrated with hard-boiled
egg 1704:23
Model of Earths interior experiment 2054:76-77
Model of Eratosthenes experiment to measure
size of Earth 1610:52-54
Model of planet Earth, how to make using papier
mache on balloon 1697:6-7
Northern hemisphere closer to Sun in winter than
in summer experiment 1587:15-18
Oceans; model of Earth without oceans experiment
1534:40-44
61
Plate tectonics cause Earths crust to change

experiment 1817:10
Precession; demonstrate Earths precession
1847:99-101
Rare Earth metals (ferrites) from soil samples
project 1864:34-35
Regions location and its land forms affect its
climate experiment 1850:167-175
Scale model of Earth and Moon project
1610:55-56
Spreading the Suns light experiment 1528:16
experiment 1861:23
Systems we live on, soil, air, water, science principles, activities, data sheets 1875:95-103
Tectonic plates; sea floor spreading demonstration
Temperatures of anti-red, anti-blue shadows from a
binary star system experiment 1534:91-94
Temperatures on planet Earth might differ if
Sun was a different distance experiment
1534:45-51
1975:131-140
1975:202-203
Thematic units, scientific activities, games, puzzles,
What is your meridian experiment 1904:51-53
What would happen to climate, weather patterns
and life forms if Earth were cubical experiment
1539:166-168
Where is hottest/coldest place on Earth experiment
1906:71-74
Where is the wettest/driest place on Earth experiment 1906:75-78
Where is the windiest place on Earth experiment
1906:79-82
Why large bodies of water have a blue color experiment 1677:45-46
EARTHCRUST
Anticline; model the formation of an anticline
Convection cell model demonstrates pressure
changes and movement in Earths crust
1599:20-23
Deformation of Earths crust due to stress experiment 2050:115-119
Demonstrate rise of magma and sinking of crust
with two models of conveyor belt, how to
build 1851:75
Erosion of Earths crust by water experiment

2050:97-102
Isostatic model demonstrates rise and fall in
Earths crust experiment 1827:8-9
Land form shapes on Earths crust, science principles,
Movement of plates shifts continents and creates
new crust material experiment 1528:152
Pangaean puzzle of super continent Earth, how to
do 1827:10-11
Plate tectonic theory, science principles, activities,
Specific gravity of a mineral in Earths crust
Water effect on Earths crust, science principles,
EARTHGEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE
Model of time line of Earth experiment, paper,
paper tubes, paints 1599:98-99
EARTHHORIZON
What is your horizon experiment 1904:46-47
EARTHROTATION
Angular momentum experiment 1528:46
Coriolis Effect demonstration to show Earths
rotation effect on moving objects 1600:44
Coriolis effect demonstrated 1528:75
Demonstrate rotation of Earth by building Foucaults
Pendulum experiment 1864:139-140
Earths rotation affect movement of stars due to
the parallax experiment 2050:43-50
Rotation of Earth affects direction of ocean currents
Rotation of the night sky and of Earth experiment
1533:28-29
Seasons of the year depend on tilt of the Earth
Solar day, how to demonstrate 2050:53-54
Spots of sunlight move as Earth rotates experiment 1660:34-35
Tilt of Earth demonstrated with orange, pencil
and light experiment 1808:13,29
What causes day and night experiment 1960:13
What causes day and night, science principles,
Why we have day and night experiment with ball
and flashlight 1704:17
Why winter comes to certain areas at certain times
of the year experiment 1751:123
EARTHSPEED
How fast is the Earth moving experiment
1960:14
62
EARTHS MAGNETIC FIELD

Dip needle demonstrates that magnets point north
and down as well 1683:35-37
Earth map with bar magnet beneath demonstrates
Earths magnetic field 1864:10-11
How is needle of compass affected by magnetic
fields experiment 1851:76-77
Magnetic Earth experiment using model Earth
and bar magnet 1908:25
Magnetic field of earth demonstrated with bar
magnet, iron filings in jar of oil 1683:34-35
Magnetic fields; when was the Earth first described
as a huge magnet experiment 1905:101-105
Model of Earth to show position of the magnetic
and geographic poles experiment, how to
make 1851:77
Re-creating Earths magnetic field experiment
1863:27-28
Trace lines of Earths magnetic field by constructing an inclinometer experiment
1864:12-13
EARTHQUAKES. See also SEISMOGRAPH
Amplitude of earthquake measured experiment,
how to make pendulum 2029:45-46
Building model isolated by pads, how to build
and test 2029:80-81
Buildings response to lateral movements produced
by earthquakes experiment 2054:88-89
Buildings; Japanese shaking table to test how
buildings would stand up during earthquake
Buildings; why all buildings are not equal in an
earthquake experiment 1579:72-75
Direction of earthquake affects seismograph
produced experiment 1851:91
Duration of earthquake effect on land surface
Earthquakes effect on unbraced frame structures
1579:76-80
Layers of rocks squeezing together cause earthquake experiment 2054:74-75
Liquefaction demonstration using pail of sand,
water and brick 2029:19-20
Make a quake demonstration using two bricks
and a pen 1738:21
Make a volcano replica from salt flour, paste,
rubber tubing and rice 1842:168-170
Model of earthquake made with set of building
blocks 1549:37-39
Motion; graphs of earthquake motions presenting

horizontal and vertical motions experiment
2029:47-49
Motion; hand pendulum measures Earths seismic
motion experiment 2029:46-47
Objects of different sizes and stiffness tend to
vibrate at different frequencies experiment
1579:72-75
Plates; what happens when plate boundaries move
Plates; what happens when two plates collide
P-waves; how energy of seismic P-waves is
transmitted through the Earth experiment
1851:92-93
Seismograph measures vibrations and intensity
of earthquakes, how to make and use
1599:28-29
Seismograph model shows how magnitude of
earthquake is measured experiment
1851:90-91
Seismograph model to measure shaking of Earth,
Seismograph, simple, how to make 1953:143
Shear waves strength demonstration 2029:38-39
Shock waves demonstration with salt container
and candle 1952:50
What causes an earthquake experiment
1842:166-167
What causes earthquakes demonstration with
caramel candy bars 1738:21
EARTHWORMS
Adding earthworms to a terrarium experiment
1641:23-31
After a rain earthworms come out of ground
looking for air experiment 1581:14-15
Bean plants growing with and without earthworms
experiment 1645:125
Can worms convert food into soil experiment
1652:35
Can worms swim; what happens to a worm in
Compost bin, how to set up 1733:27-31
Compost heap or worm factory in large garbage
can, how to do 1691:14-15
Determine earthworms niche or habitat experiment 1848:17-19
Display worms in viewing container experiment
1733:24-26
Do earthworms in soil improve the health of plants
experiment 1652:36
Do earthworms prefer a wet or dry experiment
1921:58-62
63
Do earthworms prefer dry or damp soil experiment

1595:50-54
Do earthworms prefer light or darkness experiment
1595:50-54
Do earthworms prefer sand, soil or dead leaves
Do earthworms prefer some foods over others
experiment 1652:39
Do earthworms react to vinegar or ammonia
Do earthworms respond to red light experiment
1595:50-54
Do worms get along together experiment
1782:34
Do worms like vibrations experiment 1782:36
Do worms prefer damp or dry conditions experiment 1652:31
Do worms prefer light or dark experiment 1652:32
Do worms prefer soil or water experiment
1782:36
Do worms prefer warmth or cold experiment
1652:31
Do worms react equally to light beams of different
colors experiment 1652:35
Earthworm farm in a jar to observe earthworms
feeding and tunneling, how to make
1814:29
Earthworms effect on soil experiment 1930:15
Earthworms prefer light or darkness experiment
2009:22
Earthworms recycle kitchen wastes into fertile
garden soil experiment 1539:90-92
1528:150
Exhibit of wonderful things worms do 1729:96-100
Experiments with earthworms, data sheets given
1652:27-40
Fiddling to get worms to come out of the ground
Foods earthworms prefer to eat experiment
1571:53-55
1655:12-13
Home for worms; which kind of homes do earthworms like best experiment 1831:88
How do earthworms affect water movement
through soil experiment 1921:34-37
How do earthworms react to acid rain experiment
1921:81-83
How do earthworms react to different odors
How do earthworms react to different types of
surfaces experiment 1921:78-80
How do earthworms react to light and darkness

How do earthworms react to light experiment
1733:32-34
How do earthworms react to red light experiment
1921:90-92
How do earthworms react to sound vibrations
How do earthworms react to touch experiment
1921:75-77
How do worms react to substances like vinegar,
ammonia and alcohol experiment 1782:36
How does a birds color vision help earthworms
survive experiment 1921:38-40
How does earthworms color help it survive
How does excess water affect earthworms experiment 1921:93-95
How does temperature affect how fast earthworms
move experiment 1921:45-47
How earthworms live experiment with jar of soil
1843:96-97
How far can a worm go in a minute experiment
1782:38
How fast can a worm burrow in soil or sand
experiment 1782:39
How fast do earthworms grow experiment
1921:31-33
How fast does an earthworm burrow in different
types of soil experiment 1921:48-53
How fast does an earthworm move experiment
1921:42-44
How many segments does an earthworm have
How to keep and observe them 2021:85-88
How to raise and keep earthworms experiment
1757:82-83
How to raise earthworms in gallon jars experiment
1651:139-143
Hunting for earthworms, how to do 1733:20-21
Keeping earthworms in a plastic bottle, how to do
1973:42-43
Keeping earthworms, how to do 1531:45
Listen to sound of an earthworm walking experiment 1959:120-121
Make a wormery (Vermicarium) to study earthworm
life project 1583:68-72
Make a wormery to observe earthworms at work
experiment 2044:50
Maze; can worms find their food in a maze experiment 1652:36-39
Maze; how fast can earthworm finish a T-maze
64
Observe earthworms in clear container filled with

dirt and leaves experiment 1830:72
Observe earthworms in large jar wormery experiment 1722:31
Observe earthworms tunneling and eating
1603:75-76
Observe how earthworms respond to light, heat
and touch experiment 1758:92
Observe worm for length, movements, sounds
Observe worms; what they like, temperature, light,
dark, wet or dry 1729:90-92
Outside and inside of a worm; large picture
1729:99-100
Park for worms to play in, how to make 1782:13
Part of earthworm most sensitive to light experiment 1583:87
Part of earthworm most sensitive to odors experiment 1583:87
Plant growth; do earthworms help plants grow
Rainfall; how does it affect earthworms in the soil
Reaction of earthworms to ice, bright light and
mound of soil experiment 1751:12
Reaction of worm to touching its head and tail
experiment 1546:63
Response of earthworms to different light waves
project 1583:85-87
Sensory perception; test response to strong smell
to see which part of earthworm body responds
Soil mixed and tilled by earthworms project
1729:93-95
Soils earthworms prefer experiment 1535:88-90
Study earthworms like Darwin did experiment
1919:115
Temperature effect on pulsation of earthworm
blood vessels experiment 1583:87-89
Vermicomposting project using earthworms
1660:119-124
Vertical box home with acrylic sheet for viewing,
What can worms crawl up experiment 1782:34
What do earthworms like to eat experiment
1733:35-37
What kind of food do earthworms like best experiment 1921:67-69
What part of earthworm is most sensitive to light
What sounds does moving earthworm make experiment 1921:28-30
What type of soil will earthworms tunnel through

the most experiment 1652:35
Why is it hard to pull an earthworm out of its
burrow experiment 1921:19-21
Why type of soil do earthworms prefer experiment
1921:63-66
Will earthworms eat newspaper experiment
1651:143
Worm farm in aquarium experiment 1970:24
Worm farm in glass jar, make to observe earthworms 1546:27
Worm farm in jar project, how to do 1557:98
Worm farm in large jar, how to make
1967:126-127
Worm farm, how to build in a jar 1667:34-36
Worm farm, how to start and observe worms
2041:6-7
Worm hotel to keep worms, how to make
1733:22-23
Worm palace, how to make 1782:10-12
Wormery in clear plastic bottle allows you to
observe earthworms at work experiment
1545:16
Wormery in jar to observe mixing and aerating of
soil by earthworms 1827:42-43
Wormery to keep worms, make from wood, plastic
sheets and soil 1828:27
Wormery to observe earthworms eating leaves
Worms change their environment, science principles,
activities and data sheets 1875: 41-44
Worms condo for composting, how to build
1760:110-113
Worms eat organic matter and aerate the soil
Worms in indoor compost bin, how to keep 1998:43
EARWIGS
How to keep and observe earwigs 2021:8-11
EATING. See DIGESTION; FOOD
ECHO. See also SOUNDECHOES
ECLIPSES
Eclipse of Moon demonstration using black paper
Lunar eclipse demonstrated with flashlight, ping
pong ball and balloon 1554:18-20
Lunar eclipse; model of lunar eclipse experiment
1587:45-47
Model of lunar and solar eclipses; eclipsing the
Sun and Moon projects 1610:56-58
Model to demonstrate lunar eclipse experiment
1974:20
65
ECLIPSESSOLAR
Model of lunar and solar eclipses; eclipsing the
Sun and Moon projects 1610:56-58
Model of solar eclipse experiment 1587:42-44
Solar eclipse; thermal radiation travels in straight
line experiment 1534:114
What causes a solar eclipse experiment 1851:34-35
ECOLOGY. See also ENVIRONMENT
Grass seeds; how to plant, grow and observe leaves,
flowers and roots experiment 1807:13-30
Map your school grounds for existing habitats
experiment 1723:27
Mini-ecology study, science principles, activities
and data sheets 1875:45-47
Primary science activities with ecology
1931:58-61
ECOSYSTEMS. See also BIODIVERSITY;
HABITATS; LANDECOSYSTEM;
TERRARIUMS
Life in a square of yard or park experiment
1603:99
Make an ecosystem in an aquarium experiment
1751:13
Mini pond to observe interaction of plants and
animals, how to make 1826:34-35
Miniature ecosystem in plastic soda bottle experiment 1603:199-101
Prepare sampling plot of ground experiment;
preserve plants and flowers, collect and
observe insects 1851:52-53
Study a section of an ecosystem experiment
1848:78-81
Where do people fit into an ecosystem project
1842:184-186
EDDY CURRENTS
Eddy-current motor experiment using horseshoe
magnet, foil pie plate and cork 1864:131
Magnet falls more slowly through a metallic tube
than through a nonmetallic tube experiment
1577:33-36
EDISON EFFECT (RADIOTUBE). See EDISONS
EXPERIMENT
EGGS. See also BIRDSEGGS; CHICKENS;
INCUBATORS
Best way to package an egg experiment 1758:22
Bouncing egg experiment using vinegar 2001:65
Bouncing raw egg in vinegar solution experiment
1670:82
Egg flips from one egg cup to another experiment
1659:6-8
Egg floating in middle of jar filled with salt and
freshwater experiment 1786:10
Egg floats in saltwater and sinks in fresh water

experiment 1680:30
Egg floats in saltwater experiment 1970:44
Egg floats in salty water experiment 1838:29
Egg in vinegar demonstrates inward and outward
flow of materials through egg membrane
1864:63
Egg soaked in vinegar becomes bouncy experiment
1879:4-5
Egg turns into rubbery ball experiment demonstrates how human cells get food 1831:10
Egg whites and food coloring under microscope
Egg whites help oil mix with water experiment
1879:29-31
Eggs cook at different temperatures experiment
1679:15-17
Eggs dye better when vinegar is added to dye
Eggshell halves support pile of books experiment
1879:82-83
Etch name or design on hard boiled egg in vinegar
How can you tell if an egg is cooked experiment
1637:58
How does an egg breathe experiment 1637:58
How fresh is an egg experiment 1637:58-59
How to prevent green yolks in boiled eggs experiment 1637:59
Make egg leather from egg white and tannic
acid from tea experiment 1637:64
Molecular structure of eggshell affects its strength
Rubber egg, how to make 1786:5
Rubbery egg and vinegar experiment 1740:66-67
Shape; why arent eggs round experiment 1753:15
Sucking an egg into a jar demonstrates hot air takes
up more space than cool air experiment
1879:108-110
Sugar egg experiment demonstrates semi-permeable
1864:64
Super strong egg holds up books magic experiment
1717:22-23
What is inside an egg investigation 1751:19
Why are hard-boiled eggs hard experiment
1804:46-47
Why egg whites become white and foamy when
beaten experiment 1849:30-33
Why eggs dont break under a chicken experiment
1857:74-77
66
Why is vinegar put in the dye when you color eggs

simple project 1876:115-122
EINSTEIN, ALBERT
1992:1-205
Magnetic field; how to demonstrate with magnets
and iron filings experiment 1993:110-111
Particles, waves and photons, continuous and
separate experiment 1993:111-112
Theory of relativity experiment; imagine space
as curved using surface of balloon
1993:112-114
EINSTEINS NEW LAW OF GRAVITY
1992:1-205
EL NINO
1528:134
How much warm water it takes to create El NinoSouthern oscillation experiment 1528:134
Make your own El Nino experiment 1528:135
ELASTICITY. See also HOOKES LAW;
RUBBER BANDS
Antigravity device experiment 1657:47-50
Characteristics of elasticity in rubber band experiment 2045:86-87
Roll-back can experiment with coffee can, rubber
band, weights and string 1890:17-18
Rubber band expands when heated experiment
1659:15-17
Rubber band roll-back can experiment
1902:113-116
Sap from dandelion dries to form elastic materials
experiment 1751:72
Thread spool crawls by winding rubber band inside
it experiment 1890:16-17
Why balls bounce experiments with ball made
from borax, water and glue 1857:28-31
ELECTRIC. See also BULBSELECTRIC;
ELECTRICITY
Buzzer; electric buzzer experiment, how to make
(Advanced) 1584:20-25
Doorbell; how your doorbell works experiment
1577:76-79
Electric buzzer, how to make from batteries,
cardboard, wire and clothespins
19222:16-19
Electric fan, how to make from batteries, cardboard tube, wires and small motor
1922:14-15
Electric wiper glasses, make from battery, wire

and DC motor 1922:40-45
Fan, make from batteries, wire and DC motor
1922:47
Generator; build an electric generator experiment
1605:62-63
Remote boat, make from plastic bottle, battery,
wire and small motor 1922:20-23
Rumble box, make from small box, wire, batteries
Spinning pictures experiment using wood
pieces, electric motor, batteries and wire
1560:20-21
Squirt finger, make from plastic bottles, battery,
wire and small water pump 1922:24-27
Super car, make from DC motors, wire, batteries
and plastic lids 1922:32-35
Tilt on/off light, make from battery, wire and bulb
1922:46
Warning sign, make from batteries, small box,
wires and aluminum foil 1922:28-31
ELECTRIC METER
How to read an electric meter experiment
1864:118-119
ELECTRIC MOTORS. See also MOTORS
ELECTRIC
Build simple electric motor experiment (Advanced)
1665:35-44
Clock; simple electric motor clock, how to make from
plywood, magnet and batteries 2038:79-81
Effect of variables on performance of mini electric
motor experiment (Advanced) 1839:257-261
Electromagnet interacts with permanent magnet
to create electric motor experiment
1577:93-98
Magnet exerts force on current-carrying wire experiment; make an electric motor 1577:80-84
Magnetic field makes motor turn experiment
1899:111-114
Make a simple electric motor from wood, battery,
wires and switch 1908:42-43
Motors are the opposite of generators experiment
1936:48
Real electric motor model is battery-powered
experiment, 4.5v battery, 2 strong magnets,
wire 1532:26-27
Simple DC electric motor, how to build
1899:115-119
Simple electric motor in coffee can experiment, paper
clips, magnets, wire, battery 1537:60-62
Simple electric motor to build to illustrate Faradays
discovery experiment 1605:58-61
67
Simple electric motor, based on Faradays discoveries, how to make 1683:57-59

Simple motor, how to make 1747:37
Spool and thread motor experiment, how to make
1863:65-73
ELECTRICITY. See also BATTERIES AND
CIRCUITS; ELECTRIC; GENERATORS
Calculators solar cells used to measure light
experiment 1936:69
Coordination tester experiment, make from
shoe box, wire, light bulb and battery
1890:61-63
Electricity helps us communicate experiment
with telegraphs 1844:335-336
Electricity used to help form solids experiment
using battery, wire, jar of water and nails
1676:57-60
Electrochemical cell created from wet compost,
aluminum foil and pencil experiment
1659:79-81
Food cells produce electricity experiment
1747:12-13
Fruit; electricity from fruit and vegetables experiment 1915:94-95
Heating water requires energy experiment
1987:75
How can you establish a flow of electrons experiment 1743:38-41
Lemon give you small shock experiment
1879:46-47
Light used to generate electricity experiment using
photovoltaic cell 1605:73-74
Mechanical energy produces electricity experiment
1844:331-332
Oersteds discovery experiment, connection between
electricity and magnetism 1605:40-42
Onion used to generate electricity experiment
1760:85
Pencil used as part of electric circuit to conduct
Primary science activities with electricity
1931:62-65
Repeat Franklins experiments with static electricity and Leyden jar 1586:84-87
Repeat Oersteds experiment that electricity
is closely connected to magnetism
1665:12-23
Rheostat and lamp tester experiment, how to build
1864:127-128
2002:70-79
Simple activities to demonstrate electricity
1762:3-32
Sunlight produces electricity experiment

1844:333-334
Sunlight; can electricity be made from sunlight
Velocity of water hitting paddle-wheel fins increases
voltage output experiment 1936:68
Voltmeter; what does a voltmeter measure experiment 1915:100-101
What materials will conduct electricity experiment
1844:294-295
ELECTRICITYBATTERIES. See also
BATTERIES; BATTERIES AND CIRCUITS
ELECTRICITYCIRCUITS
Battery voltage in series circuit versus battery
voltage in parallel circuit experiment
1899:37-40
Bouncing spring experiment using saltwater, battery,
wire and spring 1864:112-113
Charging time in resistive/capacitive circuit experiment 1936:60-61
Circuit breaker model uses solenoid like real
circuit breaker experiment 1532:54-55
Circuit diagrams game, how to make from bulbs,
switches and batteries 1747:20-21
Closed circuit experiment with buzzer or light
bulb experiment 2053:38-39
Comparing resistors in series and parallel circuits
Connect lights in parallel circuit and compare to
lights connected in series circuit experiment
1899:33-36
Connect lights in series circuit experiment
1899:27-31
Coordination tester experiment, make from shoe box,
wire, light bulb and battery 1890:61-63
Design battery and light bulb circuit to light the
bulb experiment 1770:27
Difference between series and parallel circuits
experiment 1758:41
Doorbell experiment, make from wire, battery,
bell and clothespin 1890:63-64
Electric circuit with battery and bulb, science
principles, activities and data sheets
1875:200-204
Fuse can limit amount of current flowing in circuit
Generate heat from electricity experiment
1899:45-47
How can you tell if electric current is flowing
through a wire experiment, make a galvanometer 1844:323-324
68
How does a flashlight work easy experiments

1857:110-113
Make series and parallel circuits experiment
1844:304-307
Making electricity flow; electric circuit from
battery, bulb and copper wire experiment
1899:23-26
Open and closed circuits experiment, how to
make 1758:40
Operation game board demonstrates structure and
components of electric circuit 1839:195-199
Quiz cards game, make from wire, batteries and
bulb 1747:14-15
Relays to remotely control other circuits experiment
1936:46-47
Series and parallel circuits experiment 1728:32
Series and parallel circuits experiment with bulbs,
Short circuit and observe what happens experiment
1899:41-44
Short circuit experiment; what happens when you
blow a fuse 1577:89-92
Voltage divider circuits experiment 1936:58-59
What happens when electric current flows through
a wire experiment 1844:312-313
What is a circuit experiment 1844:296-297
What is a short circuit experiment 1844:300-301
What is an electrical circuit experiment
1904:24-27
ELECTRICITYCONDUCTORS
Common items tested to see if they are insulators
or conductors 1728:34
Create electricity in a conductor by moving magnet
against it experiment 1864:125-126
Experiment with materials to see which are conductors or insulators 1758:42
Hot wire cutter experiment, make from wood stand,
bulbs, switches and batteries 1747:26-27
Insulator tester tells whether they are insulators
or conductors of electricity 1561:30
Investigate difference between electrical conductors
and insulators experiment 1899:57-69
Robot tester experiment to demonstrate conductivity 1747:22-23
Test different solids and liquids to see if they
conduct electricity experiment 1915:92-93
What will electricity flow through experiment
1770:51
ELECTRICITYELECTRIC CURRENT. See
also GALVANOMETER; TRANSFORMER
Effect of electrical current on magnetic fields

to move 1672:47-49
Fuses protect from excess current flow experiment
1936:38-39
Galvanometer detects electrical current, how to
build 1899:99-101
Generate magnetic field using electrical current
Geography quiz board, how to make
1936:36-37
How does electric current affect a compass experiment 1844:310-311
Insulators become conductors under certain conditions experiment 1936:35
Magic trick eyes of the tiger light up experiment
1716:24-25
Magic trick magic lantern lights experiment
1716:14-15
Magnet effect on current flow by magnet moving
past a coil experiment 1936:42
Magnet produces movement in a current-carrying
wire experiment 1851:118-119
Make a simple circuit and switch experiment
1728:30-31
Producing electrical current from magnetic fields
Producing electrical currents from magnets experiment 1899:107-110
Temperature effect on battery life experiment
1936:32-33
Two parallel current-carrying wires have magnetic field that exerts forces on each other
Understanding the concepts of voltage and amperage
experiment 1936:30
Varying flow of electricity; materials that can be
used experiment 1899:61-64
Wet-cell battery testing electrolytes to make wet
cell batteries experiment 1936:31
Where can you see chemical producing electricity
Where can you see electricity producing light/heat
ELECTRICITYINSULATORS
Experiment with materials to see which are conductors or insulators 1758:42
How conductors and insulators work experiment
with flashlight, plastic bag and penny
1707:103
Insulator tester tells whether they are insulators
or conductors of electricity 1561:30
69
Cover a nail with copper experiment 2014:34

Determining peak power from wet-cell battery as
load is applied experiment 1936:64-65
Electric liquid experiment, test electric current
present during electrolysis 1710:38-39
Electrolytes in potato battery experiment
1936:66
How is electricity produced by chemicals experiment 1844:325-326
Liquid conductors experiment, make from bulbs,
ELECTROLYTES
experiment 2053:42
Test sports drinks and other drinks for electrolytes
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION. See also
FARADAY, MICHAEL
Galvanometer with electromagnet demonstrates
electromagnetic induction experiment
2053:52-53
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
Is electromagnetic radiation harmful to algae
ELECTROMAGNETISM. See also OERSTEDS
DISCOVERY
Compare microwave energy absorbed by sugar
Comparing magnetic properties of iron and rust
experiment 1936:17
Electric circuit sets up magnetic field to move
compass experiment 1728:35-36
Electric current in wire attracts iron filings
Electric current through wire sets up magnetic
field experiment 1908:34
Electrical insulators not necessarily magnetic
insulators experiment 1936:16
Electromagnetic current measurer experiment
1747:34-35
Floating platform (magnetic suspension) electromagnetic springs experiment 1863:101-103
Inducing current using south or north magnetic
poles experiment 1936:18
Inducing magnetism in iron by stroking with permanent magnet experiment 1936:19
Iron filings form circular patterns around wire with
electric current experiment 1683:48-49
Magnetic cars that go bump but dont touch
Magnetic field around a solenoid experiment
1908:35
Insulators become conductors under certain conditions experiment 1936:35

Materials that make good insulators and conductors
Test different solids and liquids to see if they
conduct electricity experiment 1915:92-93
Determining resistance by indirect measurement
and computation experiment 1936:56
Resistor strip colors and their values experiment
2053:56-58
Resistors; value of resistor experiment 2053:56-58
What is resistance experiment 1844:308-309
ELECTRICITYRESISTANCE TO
Dimmer switch with variable resistor experiment
1747:24-25
Measure resistance of small resistors experiment
1915:96-98
Resistance in wire can produce heat experiment
1936:50-51
Thermistor resistors experiment 1936:57
ELECTRICITYSTATIC ELECTRICITY. See also
ELECTROPHOROUS; TRANSFORMER
ELECTRICITYSWITCHES
Hook switch, how to make from popsicle stick
1922:11
Make a switch experiment 1844:302-304
Make a switch from battery, light, wire and brass
clips 1931:63
Push-button switch, how to make from clothespin
1922:10
Simple switch, how to make 1899:53-56
ELECTRICITYUSAGE
How much electricity you use experiment, chart
given 1898:95-97
Save on how much electricity you use experiment
1898:98-99
ELECTROCHEMISTRY. See also ELECTROLYSIS;
ELECTROPLATING; ELECTROLYTES
Electrochemical cell created from wet compost,
aluminum foil and pencil experiment
1659:79-81
ELECTRODES. See also BATTERIES
ELECTROLYSIS. See also WATER
ELECTROLYSIS
1672:33-36
70
Magnetic field, how to demonstrate with magnets

and iron filings experiment 1993:110-111
Magnetic induction experiment 1936:44-45
Magnetism loss due to heat experiment 1936:20
Make a compass and repeat Oersteds discovery
Nail diver in bottle of water sinks or swims with
electric current experiment 1683:64-65
Particles, waves and photons, continuous and
separate experiment 1993:111-112
Repeat Oersteds discovery that electric current
causes a magnetic field 1683:43-44
Spool and thread motor experiment, how to make
1863:65-73
Tape eraser, electromagnetic tape eraser experiment,
how to make 1863:107-109
Turn a screwdriver into a magnet experiment
1743:53-55
What is electromagnetism experiment
1904:33-36
ELECTROMAGNETS
Morse telegraph device with light and sound
signals, how to make (Advanced) 1584:28-45
Build an electromagnet experiment (Advanced)
1665:24-27
Coil of wire with current flowing through it becomes
electromagnet experiment 1577:76-79
Copper coils become electromagnetic swings
Crane; electromagnetic working crane from
battery, cardboard box 1614:28-29
Direction of the flow of current affects an electromagnet experiment 1844:321-322
Doorbell; how your doorbell works experiment
1577:76-79
Electric alarm experiment, how to make (Advanced)
1584:26-27
Electric bell; electromagnet for electric bell experiment, how to do (Advanced) 1584:9-13
Electric bell; make using electromagnet you
made experiment (Advanced) 1584:14-19
Electric buzzer experiment, how to make
(Advanced) 1584:20-25
Electric current has to run in only one direction
in electromagnets experiment 1683:53-54
Electricity produces a magnet experiment
1851:120-121
Electromagnet experiment, make from copper
wire, nail, 6 volt dry cell battery and paper
clips 1890:67-69
Electromagnet interacts with permanent magnet
to create electric motor experiment
1577:93-98
Horseshoe electromagnet, how to make experiment

1683:54-55
Iron-nail magnet experiment 2014:73
Link between electricity and magnetism experiment
with coils of wire, compass and D cell
1845:24-26
Magic trick clever dog drops ball electromagnet
Magnet moved through coil of wire moves compass needle experiment 1537:59
Magnetic lines of flux and magnets DC polarity
Make an electromagnet and a stronger electromagnet experiment 1728:36-37
Make an electromagnet experiment 1758:44
Make an electromagnet using bolt, wire and battery
experiment 1771:22
Make electromagnet experiment 1727:38-39
Make electromagnet from battery, nail and wire
experiment 1639:73
Make electromagnet from battery, nail, wire and
paper clips, how to do 1878:82-83
Make electromagnet from battery, wire and nail
1657:88-90
Make electromagnet from nail, wire, D cells and
paper clips experiment 1845:20-22
Make electromagnet from wire, nail and battery
experiment 1605:57
Make electromagnet from wire, nail, battery, knife
switch 1537:59-60
Make electromagnets experiment 1908:37
Make magnet with electricity experiment
1753:41
Make simple electromagnet experiment; battery,
wire, nail 1683:51-52
Make simple electromagnet from nail, insulated
wire and battery 1561:23
Nail electromagnet experiment, wire, batteries,
paper clips 2053:46-47
Repeat Oersteds experiment with electricity
and compass to make electromagnet
1993:108-110
Strength of electromagnet increases with number
of times wire is wrapped experiment
1851:120-121
Telegraph; creating two-way telegraph line, how
to do 1584:42-45
Turn nail into an electromagnet experiment
1674:47-50
What is an electromagnet experiment 1844:314-315
Wire turns relationship to attraction in electromagnet experiment 1936:12-13
71
What happens when magnet drops through copper

pipe experiment 1672:50-52
ELECTRO-OPTICAL RECOGNITION. See IMAGE
RECOGNITION SYSTEM; SCANNERS
ELECTROPHORUS
Leyden jar, how to make a simple one 1577:4-5
Store up electric charge, then make sparks experiment 1577:3-8
ELECTROPLATING. See also ELECTROLYSIS
Coat nail with layer of copper experiment
1890:75-76
Copper plating a key experiment 1747:32-33
Copper plating a key experiment 1864:114-115
Copper-plated nail experiment with penny and
lemon juice 1953:38
Create a family heirloom experiment 1743:49-52
Electricity transforms metals in a liquid experiment;
turn nickel green 1770:48-49
Plating copper experiment 1605:53-54
ELECTROSCOPE. See also ELECTRICITY
STATIC ELECTRICITY; STATIC
ELECTRICITY
Build electroscope to detect electrical charge
Electroscope detects presence of electric charge
experiment 1758:71
Electroscope you make picks up static charge
How to make an electroscope 1844:288-289
Make electroscope from corrugated cardboard,
paper clip, aluminum foil, comb, wood,
cloth 1537:51-52
Make electroscope to detect static electricity
Measure static electricity experiment, how to
make electroscope 1864:116-117
ELECTROSTATICS. See also ELECTRICITY
STATIC ELECTRICITY
Law of poles says similar charges repel experiments 1845:27-31
Lightning demonstration with charged balloon
and fluorescent bulb experiment 1845:36
Static cling experiment testing several different
pieces of clothing experiment 1845:11-13
Static cling experiment with balloon and newspaper
1845:7
Static cling experiment with balloon and puffed
rice 1845:9
Wrapping wire coils around nail changes the

strength of the electromagnet experiment
1845:22
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS
Electronic board experiment; resistance to
several resistors in a circuit experiment
2053:67-68
Electronic board experiment; standing in your
shadow, LED, tiny light bulb, battery
2053:65-66
Electronic board experiment; string of lights in
series or parallel circuits 2053:63-64
ELECTRONIC GAMES
Electric quiz game light board with questions and
answers, how to build 1770:61-63
ELECTRONICS
AND and OR computer logic circuits experiment
1936:80-81
Blinking or flashing of LED; working with an
integrated circuit oscillator experiment
1936:78-79
Diodes establish directional current flow when
using LEDS experiment 1936:74-75
Sound waves used to repel insect pests experiment
1936:82
Speaker can detect diodes ability to change sine
wave form experiment 1936:76-77
Using sensors experiment with LED, LDR, batteries
and wire 1747:45
ELECTRONS. See also MOLECULES; STATIC
ELECTRICITY
to move 1672:47-49
Hear sound from flow of electrons in lemon
battery experiment 1674:39-41
Jumping puffed wheat experiment demonstrates
static electricity 1864:120-121
Law of poles says similar charges repel experiments
1845:27-31
Make electroscope to detect static electricity
Static cling experiment with balloon and
newspaper 1845:7
rice 1845:9
72
ELEMENTS
Mixing oil and water experiment 1710:14
Model of radioactive decay with sugar cubes
projects 1610:92-94
experiment 1710:15
Two-dimensional model of crystal imperfections
project 1610:105-107
ELEVATORS. See also GLIDERS
ELF. See ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
ELLIPSES
Making an ellipse, how to do 1953:215
ELODEA
Elodea aquatic plants produce oxygen experiment
1603:51
Elodea plant leaf under microscope experiment
2027:32
EMBRYOLOGY. See also CELLS
EMBRYOS
Measure early heartbeat of chicken embryo without
breaking eggshell experiment 1539:178-180
EMF. See ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
EMULSIFIERS
Why dont oil and water mix experiment
1804:23-24
EMULSIONS. See also FOODSUSPENSIONS
Exploring emulsions experiment 1981:29-30
Mix oil and vinegar experiment 2048:53-54
Salad dressing emulsion experiment 2014:25
Stormy seas in soda bottle experiment
1630:15-16
ENDANGERED SPECIES
Endangered species magnets made on computer,
how to do 1789:28-29
Fish; demonstrate effect of over-fishing experiment 1848:197-199
ENERGY. See also ATOMS; FORCE; GEYSERS;
KINETIC ENERGY; RUBBER BANDS;
SOLAR ENERGY
Battery can be used to store energy experiment
1787:29-33
Biological energy experiment using grass cuttings
1907:43
Chemical energy experiment; explore energy

stored in chemical bonds in baking soda
1955:37-40
Chemical energy in kitchen cup volcano using
detergent, baking soda and vinegar
1884:25-27
Converting energy experiment; kinetic and potential energies in objects 1955:18-24
Crawling can with rubber bands experiment
1907:12-13
Energy can be passed along with coins experiment 1884:17-19
Energy in moving object transferred to objects at
rest experiment 1902:101-103
Energy-storing toys experiment 1839:169-176
Flowing jets of water from can produces reaction
Forces necessary to move an object experiment
1902:105-108
Fuel can be made from plant materials experiment
1787:90-94
Heat mobile experiment using tin foil, pie plate,
dowel, clay and wire 1560:24-26
Heating and cooling by stretching and unstretching a balloon experiment 1675:36-39
How do potential and kinetic energy compare
How does a push-n-go toy work experiment
1990:108-109
How much energy does the Sun produce experiment 1787:12-17
How well do you conserve energy at home
Insulation saves energy experiment 1787:34-38
Light energy experiment, make magic lantern from
shoe box, cardboard, tissue paper, batteries,
wire and light bulb 1560:27-28
Mechanical energy changed into sound energy using
soda-pop cannon experiment 1884:40-42
Moving objects try to maintain same level of
energy experiment 1902:125-127
Musical sound energy experiment, make shakers
and musical water bottles 1560:29
Plants store energy experiment 1787:86-89
Plastic bottle models demonstrate energy transfer
as they swing on strings 2000:130-131
Power a racer with a rubber band experiment
1844:52-53
Radiant energy from solar mitt, black on one side,
foil on other experiment 1884:28-32
Ramp makes work easier experiment 1955:31-35
73
Read electric meter to calculate energy consumption

over period of time experiment 1758:45
Roll back can experiment 1770:41
Rubber band roll back can experiment
1902:113-116
Sound energy makes eardrums move experiment
with chicken clucking in a cup 1884:22-25
Spinning pictures experiment using wood
pieces, electric motor, batteries and wire
1560:20-21
Stored energy experiment, cork creature on spring
leaps into air 1560:14-15
Torque energy storage in a homemade toy experiment 2045:82
Transferring energy experiment, make revolving
sea picture from wood pieces, cardboard
tubes and rubber bands 1560:22-23
Water can be heated with composting plant material
Water can be used to store heat energy experiment
1787:18-21
Water-powered picture experiment using plastic
bottle, cork, and skewers 1560:16-18
ENERGY CONSERVATION. See also RECYCLING
ENGINES. See also TURBINES; WATER WHEELS;
WINDMILLS
ENTOMOLOGY
Art for bugs sake project; create details and
accurate pictures of insects 1869:132-137
ENVIRONMENT. See also ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEMS; POLLUTION
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. See ACID
RAIN; BIODEGRADABILITY;
BIODEGRADATION; LANDFILLS; OIL
SPILLS; OZONE LAYER
ENZYMES. See also CATALYST; HUMAN BODY
Catalase enzyme acts on hydrogen peroxide to
convert it to oxygen and water experiment
1637:44
Digestion; plastic bottle, meat and cola act as model
of digestion in your stomach experiment
1563:25-27
Enzyme that breaks starch into glucose; measure
amount of glucose present experiment
1571:61-63
Enzyme; finding bacteria on your gums that
break cells experiment 1570:127-131
Ethylene gas from banana ripens tomato experiment 1906:89-90
Hydrogen peroxide causes bubbles to form on raw
meat but not on cooked meat experiment
1879:59-60
Keep apples from turning brown experiment

1637:65
Test for amount of enzyme, diastase, present in
seeds experiment 1876:134
Why does cut fruit turn brown experiment
1804:30-31
EPSOM SALT
Measure temperature change that occurs when
water is added to Epsom salt 1676:29-31
Temperature changes with salt in water experiment
using Epsom salt 1676:26-28
EQUINOXES. See also SOLSTICE
EQUIPMENTHOW TO MAKE. See also
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT
ERATOSTHENES
Eratosthenes geometric method to determine
circumference and radius of the Earth
Model of Eratosthenes experiment to measure
size of Earth 1610:52-53
EROSION. See also SOILS
Blow on patch of dirt to demonstrate erosion
1549:29-30
Effects of rocks, plants and contouring on water
erosion of land experiment 1599:71-72
Erosion demonstration with seed tray, soil and
stones 1827:33
Erosion of Earths crust by water experiment
2050:97-102
Erosion on buildings in your town survey
1738:25
Fast flowing water causes erosion damage experiment 1540:44-45
Mechanical weathering experiment 2050:100-101
Ocean wears away and rebuilds coastal shorelines
experiment 1660:78
Plant life keeps soil and grass from eroding experiment 1540:70-71
Planting trees holds desert soil in place experiment
1927:21
Plants slow down soil erosion experiment with
grass seed in pans of soil 1603:20-21
Raindrops; how do raindrops affect rocks experiment 1859:72-75
River valleys; effect of water erosion in river
valleys experiment 1550:66
Sand in soil is from rocks worn down by erosion
experiment 1603:10
Sheet erosion landscape project 1864:25
74
ESTUARIES
How does saltwater mix in an estuary experiment
1539:71-73
ETHYL ALCOHOL
Can fuel be made from plant materials experiment
1787:90-94
ETHYLENE GAS
Ethylene gas affects plant growth experiment
1569:133-137
Speed up ripening of banana experiment
1849:159-161
Tomato doesnt ripen using hot water to stop
ethylene gas experiment 1959:128-129
EUGLENA. See also PROTOZOA
Model of euglena, how to make 1856:17
Ultraviolet light exposure from ozone depletion
affects euglena experiment 1569:86-90
EULERS CIRCLES. See VENN DIAGRAMS
EUTROPHICATION. See also ALGAE; LAKES;
PONDS; WATERPOLLUTION
Fertilizers in pond water cause increased growth
of algae in pond experiment 1826:41
EVAPORATION. See also HEAT; WATER
EVAPORATION
How do diet and regular cola differ as they
evaporate experiment 1672:19-20
EVERGLADES
Compare sponge-like qualities of limestone and
other rocks experiment 1550:174
Demonstrate how well limestone holds water
experiment 1550:174
EVOLUTION. See also GENETICS; HEREDITY
2002:107-116
EXPERIMENTS. See SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS
EYE. See also HUMAN BODY; VISION
Ability of eyes pupil to change size experiment
1860:85-91
Moving pictures of octopus experiment 2033:25
EYE TRICKS. See also OPTICAL ILLUSIONS;
OPTICS
EYEGLASSES. See also LENSES
Electric wiper glasses, make from battery, wire
Slant of land affects erosion during heavy rainfall

experiment 1751:15
Trees and plant life prevent soil from washing away
during heavy rainfall experiment 1751:16
Water poured on patch of dirt demonstrates erosion
1549:313
Weathering affected by amount of surface area
experiment 2050:100
Weathering affected by composition of materials
experiment 2050:100
Weathering by water and gravity experiment
2050:100-101
What factors affect water erosion experiment
1842:137-138
Wind erosion of soil experiment using sticky tape
on paint paddles 1603:18-19
ESCALATORS
Model hand-powered escalator experiment, see
how steps are level at top and bottom and
become stairs in between 1532:60-61
ESCHER, M. C.
Illusion puzzle made on computer using M.C.
Eschers techniques 1789:126-127
ESPIONAGE. See SPIES
ESSENTIAL OILS. See also PERFUMES
ESTERS
Catnip chemical, nepetalactone, made into toy
for your cats experiment 1637:54
ESTIMATION
1823:29-31
1823:26-28
Primary science activities with estimating
1931:16-19
activity 1823:32-36
75
&
FABRIC. See also CLOTH; TEXTILES

Colors; how cloth absorbs colors and how Sun
fades colors experiment 1832:47-50
Dye cloth from natural dyes, tea and blueberries
Dyes; how do fabrics respond to different dye
strengths experiment 1753:30
Some materials keep us warmer or cooler than
others experiment 1832:14-16
Water-loving and water-fearing polymers in
Wrinkles; how does heat affect wrinkles in clothing experiment 1672:86-89
FAHRENHEIT, GABRIEL. See also
THERMOMETERS
FAIRY SHRIMP
Culture fairy shrimp and compare to brine shrimp
experiment 1583:103
FALL. See also SEASONSFALL
FALLING BODIES
Investigate law of falling bodies experiment
1902:129-132
FALLING OBJECTS. See also GRAVITY
Air affects falling object; terminal velocity
1839:239-244
Falling feather and coin in vacuum experiment
1579:51-54
Galileos inclined plane model of free-fall experiment 1610:110-112
2002:26-36
Timing falling objects experiment 1983:86-90
Water bombs away experiment 1990:84-85
FARADAY, MICHAEL
1992:1-205
Build an electric generator experiment 1605:62-63
Electric generator, based on Faradays discoveries,

Simple electric motor to build to illustrate Faradays
discovery experiment 1605:58-61
Simple electric motor, based on Faradays discoveries, how to make 1683:57-59
FARMING
Butter making project 1729:49-51
Cheese making project; make cottage cheese
1729:52
Cows; how cows process food and make milk
project 1729:43-48
Cows; what goes in and what comes out of a cow
exhibit 1729:53-54
Cows; what they eat and cow by-products project
1729:41-42
From sheep to sweater project 1729:39-40
In the good old days; daily life chores project
1729:32-35
Products from farm animals project 1729:35-36
FARMS
Shadoof lifts water from rivers to fields experiment,
how to make one 1635:39
FATS
Digesting fats experiment 1725:91
Effect of fat on gluten experiment 1849:152-155
Fatty food experiment; test food for fat
1981:43-46
Milk fat percentages affect flow of food coloring
in milk experiment 1840:99-104
Test for fat in food experiment 1849:21-25
Test for fats in foods experiment 1864:92-93
Which cooking method removes most fat from
hamburger experiment 1628:27
Which foods are high in fat content experiment
1628:26-28
Which foods contain fat experiment 1843:242
FATS AND OILS
Blubber from whales is insulating substance
experiment 1601:30
Unsaturated fat; measure how unsaturated a fat is
Why dont oil and water mix experiment
1804:23-24
76
FAX MACHINES
Make simple fax machine that sends messages
FEATHERS
Duck feather reaction to rain experiment 1751:11
Flight feathers barbs seem zipped together;
observe use experiment 2025:20-21
Flight feathers lift experiment 2025:20-21
Why are feathers special; what purpose do they
serve experiment with downy feathers and
flight feathers 1843:130-131
FEELING. See SENSESTOUCH
FERMENTATION. See also FOOD; YEAST
experiment 1637:62
FERNS
Fern terrarium, how to make 1973:80-81
Spatter prints from ferns, how to make 1645:79
FERRIES
Flat-bottom ferry model, make from cardboard,
FERTILIZERS
Compost can replace or supplement commercial
Fertilizer helps seedling grow experiment
1734:36-37
Fertilizer; do plants grow better with soluble or
controlled release fertilizer experiment
1638:103-106
Fertilizers in pond water cause increased growth
of algae in pond experiment 1826:41
Houseplant fertilizer that produces best plant
Houseplant fertilizers; can houseplant fertilizers
be used as hydroponics nutrient solutions
Natural fertilizers (compost) can replace synthetic
Plant mineral nutrient deficiency symptoms
The great American lawn and pristine water; can
they coexist experiment 1539:93-94
Turn garbage into fertilizer experiment
1743:28-30
FIBER OPTICS. See also OPTICAL FIBERS
Channel beam of light through glass dish experiment
to demonstrate fiber optics 1901:121-124
How can you pour light experiment 1844:123-125
Laser beam experiment 1611:75-76
Light guide uses total internal reflection to transmit

light experiment 1611:49-53
Total internal reflection experiment; finding critical
angle of reflection 1578:30-34
FIBERS. See also MICROSCOPE; TEXTILES
FIELD OF FORCE. See MAGNETIC FIELDS
FILTERS
Carbon filters work in removing dirt and some
odors experiment 1658:65-67
Microbes on dirty air conditioner filters experiment
1570:31-32
Sand filter cleans dirty water experiment 1693:41
FILTERS AND FILTERING
Water filter test of river water experiment 1635:37
FILTERS AND FILTRATION
Sand cleans dirty water experiment 1752:63
FINGERNAILS
Determine factors that affect speed of fingernail
FINGERPRINTS
Collect fingerprints using talcum powder and
pencil lead 1546:87
Detect fingerprints with pencil lead experiment
1879:61-62
Discover your own special pattern of fingerprints
experiment 1816:18
Fingerprints under microscope experiment
2027:58-60
How to see what fingerprints look like experiment
1818:23
Lift fingerprints, how to do 1626:34-35
Make fingerprints, how to do 1725:38-39
Reveal hidden fingerprints with glue experiment
1959:17-19
Why fingertips have ridges experiment 1858:6-9
FIRE. See also COMBUSTION; SMOKE
experiment 1758:15
Candle burns steel wool experiment 1906:104-105
Oxygen in the air experiment using candle burning
under jar 1548:18-20
FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher puts out fire
experiment using baking soda, vinegar and
candle 1673:51-53
Make a fire extinguisher experiment 1844:35-36
FIREFLIES
Blinking patterns in fireflies experiment 1552:17-20
77
Chemical reaction produces light in both lightning

bugs and light sticks experiment
1613:155-162
Communicating with fireflies with flashlight
experiment; record response and sequence
of flashes 1571:90-91
Fireflies flash more on hot nights than cool nights
experiment 1959:116
Flash rate changes with temperature changes
experiment 1915:126
Flashlight from jar of fireflies you catch experiment (Primary) 1557:62-63
How different species of fireflies communicate
with flash signals experiment 1552:17-20
How to catch and keep fireflies 1653:72-75
Lightning bug flashlight experiment 1760:77
Observe fireflies for variations in color and
blinking patterns experiment 1751:38
Trick firefly into seeking a flashlight as a mate
Why do fireflies light up experiment with light
stick model 1855:74-77
FISH. See also GOLDFISH
Adult flatfish develops to live on the ocean floor
Age of fish, how to determine from scales experiment 1751:39
Blood circulation in a fish tail experiment
1571:25-27
Breathing rate of fish experiment 1934:70
Breathing; how do fish breathe experiment
1752:18
Breathing; how does a fish breathe experiment
1934:68-70
Calcium carbonate added to fish food dissolves
oxygen gas in fish body allowing it to relax
in new home 1539:176-177
Ears; demonstrate how a fish hears without external
ears experiment 1853:222-223
Eyes; show how fish eyes see objects at different
distances experiment 1853:212-214
Fish print T-shirts, how to make 1572:61-63
Gulping rate of fish changes with water temperature experiment 1915:131-132
Heavy metals in coastal body of water and their
effect on aquatic life experiment 1539:109-112
How fish swim 1609:52-54
How oils help keep fish from sinking experiment
1609:57
Motion of fish in water, make model to demonstrate
1784:49
Over-fishing; demonstrate effect of over-fishing

Plaster cast of fish using plaster of Paris experiment,
how to do 1550:107-110
Respiration rates of goldfish in waters of varying
temperatures experiment 1571:82-84
Rising and sinking of fish experiment, demonstrate
with soda bottle 1856:54-57
Scales and bands on fish scales show age and growth
periods of fish experiment 1571:118-119
Scales; fish scales under microscope experiment
2027:43
Skeleton; what does skeleton of a fish do experiment 1753:19
Swim bladder allows fish to move up and down
in the water experiment 1853:194-195
Swim bladder; how does a fish float experiment
1751:61
Swim bladder; how fish swim bladder works
experiment 1947:15
Swimming; how do fish swim experiment 1752:22
Temperature affects fish gulping (respiration)
rate experiment 1595:62-64
Temperature effect on fish respiration experiment
1583:108-110
Why does a dead fish float 1667:19-21
FISH PRINTS
Fish print using natural plant dyes, how to make
1967:183
How to make and preserve fish prints 1930:82-83
Japanese art of fish printing or gyotaku, how to
do 1550:110-112
Print of a fish, how to do 1601:25-26
Printing from fresh, flat fish, how to do
2046:112-113
FISH SCALES. See also FISH
Count wide bands on fish scales to determine
fishs age experiment 1581:41
FISHING
Compare advantages and disadvantages of different
methods of fishing experiment 1550:128
FISHING INDUSTRY
experiment 1550:161
FISSION, NUCLEAR. See NUCLEAR BOMBS;
FLAME TESTS
Flame test for different metal samples experiment
1710:23
78
FLAMES
Flame can move through space filled with fuel
and oxygen experiment 1673:57-59
Light from a burning gas experiment using metal
screen placed in flame 1673:54-56
FLASHLIGHT
How does a flashlight work easy experiments
1857:110-113
How to make from battery, wires and cardboard
1922:12-13
FLATWORMS. See also PLANARIANS
FLAVORS. See also FOODFLAVORINGS AND
EXTRACTS
FLEAS
Flea hoppers made from paper demonstrate how
fleas can jump far experiment 1855:66-68
How do fleas hang onto their hosts experiment
1852:44-47
FLEMING, SIR ALEXANDER
Grow mold on grapefruit experiment 1771:63-68
FLEXURE. See PAPER ENGINEERING
FLIES
Flies can grow from decaying bananas experiment
1851:66-67
How do flies eat experiment 1852:48-51
How do flies eat experiment 2054:60-61
Smelling sensitivity of houseflies tested experiment 1583:103-105
Sticky wet feet let flies walk on the ceiling experiment 1855:50-53
What happens to a fly in cold weather experiment
1753:18
FLIESFRUIT FLIES. See also FRUIT FLIES
FLIESHOUSE FLIES. See also HOUSE FLIES
FLIGHT
Birds; how birds fly experiment, how to make
model bird 2043:26-27
Boomerang spin gives it stability in the air experiment 1558:9
Cannon used to investigate trajectories of
cannon balls experiment, how to make
1558:12-13
Forces that keep kite in the air experiment
1558:14-15
Frisbee spin gives it stability in the air experiment

1558:8
Glider uses energy from stretched rubber band for
power experiment, how to make 1558:22-23
candles 1558:18
demonstrate 1558:19
1558:42-43
Model propeller pushes air backward to push
plane forward experiment 1558:32-33
Phenakistoscope used to show how birds move
wings in flight experiment 1558:6-7
Rocket to launch space shuttle model, how to
make 1558:44-45
Rotor of helicopter experiment, make two models
to see how helicopter works 1558:40-41
2002:14-25
2002:3-13
Space shuttle model with delta wings to demonstrate high speed flight, how to make
1558:28-29
Swing-wing glider model demonstrates wings at low
and high speeds experiment 1558:30-31
Triplane experiment, how to make from balsa
wood 1558:26-27
Vertical take off and landing (VTOL) aircraft
experiment, how to make 1558:42-43
FLIGHTPRINCIPLES OF. See AERODYNAMICS;
AERONAUTICS; AIRPLANES; GLIDERS
FLIP BOOKS
Make from small pad with gummed edge
1890:105-106
FLOATING AND SINKING. See also
ARCHIMEDES; BOATS; BUOYANCY;
SHIPS; WATERBUOYANCY
Archimedes principle demonstrated by weighing
water displaced by block of wood 1820:34
Balloons floating or sinking in water affected by
water temperature and salty water experiment
1606:10-15
Boat shapes that float experiment 1596:12
79
Boats; find the fastest shape experiment using

gutter, weight, water 1596:12
Boats; test clay boats cargo-carrying capacity to
modify boats design experiment 1840:59-65
Boats; why boats float on water experiment with
pieces of modeling clay 1867:25
Boats; why do boats float easy experiments with
fresh and saltwater 1857:70-73
Cargo amount that boats can carry experiment;
aluminum boats, compartments 1596:15-16
Catamaran boat does not sink easily experiment,
how to make boat 1596:14
Clay boats and aluminum beverage cans experiment 1990:115-116
Density of liquids is different and objects float
and sink at different rates experiment
1970:18
Density tube toy filled with liquid and glitter
Easier to float in the ocean than in a pool experiment 1752:56
Egg floats better in saltwater experiment 1947:20-21
Egg floats in salty water but not in water experiment 1596:29
Ice; what makes ice float experiment 1904:62-64
Iceberg experiment shows size of iceberg below
water 1596:9
Keel on bottom of boat hull keeps boat afloat and
upright experiment 1596:13
Lifting buried treasure with balloon experiment
1596:21
Liquid filled balloons in tub experiment, which
Liquids; bottle with oil, water, food colors demonstrates how liquids float 1596:30, 33
Liquids; floating objects in layers of liquids experiment 1879:22-23
Liquids; how liquids float experiment using
narrow bottle, oil, alcohol and food colors
1838:30
Liquids; how things float in different liquids using
hydrometer experiment 1596:28
Liquids; hydrometer measures how things float
in different liquids experiment 1838:28
Liquids; trick with floating liquids experiment
1838:33
Marbling paper using oily paints or inks experiment 1596:34-35
(Advanced) 1839:233-237
Mast positions and size important to keep sailing

ship stable experiment 1596:18-19
Oil floats on water experiment 1947:29
Ponds; what floats in pond water, simple experiment 1811:15
Primary demonstrations with floating and sinking
1947:3-31
Salt added to water increases its buoyant force
Shape determines which piece of clay floats
Shape; which shape floats best experiment
2035:21
Simple experiments to demonstrate 1938:10-13
Soil particles sink to bottom of jar of water
demonstrating rock formation 1596:36
Water candle stays alight under water experiment
1596:10-11
Water pushes back experiment with a water candle
1838:10-11
Which objects float or sink, science principles,
FLOODS
Driveways; how does a driveway affect runoff
Flood a river valley experiment 1635:38
Flood alarm, how to make model from tubing,
wire, battery and buzzer 1896:26-27
Flood control barriers experiment; build a Thames
barrier 1635:42
model 1528:148
FLOUR. See also WHEAT
Using a polymer present in flour to thicken a liquid
FLOWER PRESS
Flower press from cardboard, how to make
1555:110-111
Flower press, how to make and start flower collection experiment 2041:26-27
How to make from pegboard, old belts and blotting
paper 1918:110-111
80
FLOWERS. See also PLANTS

Are all flowers either male or female experiment
1651:120-121
Blooming of many flowers controlled by hours
of daylight experiment 1984:87-89
Colored flowers experiment using daisies, carnations, Queen Annes lace in food coloring
1557:114
Compound flower experiment using dandelion
1751:89
Crocus flower reacts to light experiment 1751:10
Dissect a flower experiment, how to do 1546:50
Eat major parts of different plants, science principles, activities and data sheets 1875:48-69
Edible plants and fruits, Venn diagram game
1875:61-69
Fertilizer produces more flowers on African violets
and geraniums experiment 1742:25-28
experiment 1546:51
experiment 1546:51
Flower stem under microscope experiment
2027:35-36
Flower types and structure experiment 1758:76-77
Forcing hyacinth and daffodil bulbs to bloom
inside experiment 1695:16-17
How do flowers open experiment 1856:104-107
How do plants make seeds and fruit experiment
1854:28-31
Parts of a flower and their function project
1729:227-232
Parts of a flower examined experiment 1751:40
Parts of flower model and experiment 1854:24-27
Parts of plants have specific functions, science
1875:48-69
Why do flowers smell nice experiment
1856:108-111
FLOWERSARRANGING
Miniature Japanese lake in bowl with plants
FLOWERSCANDY
Candied violets, how to make 1557:112
FLOWERSCOLLECTION AND
PRESERVATION
Preserve flowers in silica gel experiment 1546:53
Waxed leaves and flowers, how to do 1785:41
FLOWERSDRIED
Air drying flowers, how to do 1651:183
Dried flower arrangement experiment 1546:52
FLOWERSIDENTIFICATION
Botanical garden site, how to start and keep 1588:39
Botanical journal, how to keep 1588:25
How to use magnifying lens to identify flowers
1588:17
Observe and record all flowers that grow in bare
ground over time experiment 1588:36
FLOWERSPOLLINATION
Pollen from different flowers, how to collect and
compare experiment 2025:42-43
Pollen; trap flowers to catch pollen in the air
experiment 1894:21
Pollination; relationship between flowers and
their pollinators project 1729:233-236
FLOWERSPRESSED
How to collect and press flowers, how to make
plant press 1967:186-187
How to press and preserve flowers experiment
1909:26-27
How to press flowers and preserve them 1973:76-77
Press flowers between sheets of waxed paper
experiment 1544:28
Press flowers using blotting paper and heavy books
experiment 1546:51
Press flowers, how to do 1651:206-207
FLOWERSWILD. See also WILDFLOWERS
FLUID DYNAMICS. See also PASCALS LAW
FLUIDS
Cornstarch and heat change liquid into pudding
Stokes Law applies to non-spherical objects
dropped in viscous fluids experiment
1539:163-165
Weight; compare weights of different fluids
FLUORESCENT BULB
Light from a charged gas experiment 1673:41-43
FLUOROCARBONS. See GREENHOUSE EFFECT
FLYING. See also AIRPLANES
FLYING SAUCERS. See also UFO
Make flying saucers from paper plates 1745:27-28
Make from paper plates and glitter 1708:26-27
FOCAL LENGTH. See also LENSFOCAL
LENGTH; MIRRORS
FOG. See also SMOG; WATER
Conditions that produce fog demonstration
1550:22
81
Fog chamber experiment; make portable cloud in

When does fog form experiment 1905:76-77
FOLDS
Folds made from clay demonstrate how mountains
are formed experiment 1738:18
FOLIAGE. See LEAVES
FOOD. See also FATS
Acid; test for acid in different food experiment
1849:127-129
Apples; test for chemical changes in ripening apples
Calories; how many calories do you use experiment 1843:244-245
Calories; measuring food and calories experiment
1982:87-88
Cereals; compare nutrition facts of different cereals
Classify fruits and vegetables experiment
1628:34-36
Color changes in food experiment 1701:89-90
Crispness; what keeps lettuce crisp and what
makes it wilt experiment 1568:17
Dyes; what food dyes are used to make the colors
in candy simple project 1876:123-131
Fat extracted from hamburger meat experiment
2048:89-90
Fat; which cooking method removes most fat
from hamburger experiment 1628:27
Fat; which foods are high in fat content experiment
1628:26-28
Fat; which foods contain fat experiment
1843:242
Fats; test for fats in foods experiment 1864:92-93
Food is a fuel; burn peanut experiment 1770:25
Gluten; effect of fat on gluten experiment
1849:152-155
Heat destroys bacteria in milk experiment
1978:49-51
Heat; why some foods hold heat experiment
1540:41
Iodine test for starch in food experiment 1864:105
Iron content of breakfast cereals experiment
1820:45
Model of Food Guide Pyramid, how to make
1849:61-64
Package size in buying groceries contributes to
trash and waste we discard experiment
1987:58-59
Paints from foods and spices experiment 2022:130

Paints from nuts, flowers, vegetables and grasses
experiment 2022:131
Percentage of water in different types of hot dogs
Pizza with map of the U.S., how to make
1628:14-16
Protein; test foods for protein experiment
1843:238-239
Protein; test for protein in foods experiment
1864:99-100
Raw food is more nutritious than cooked food
Salt; how salt affects water in cells experiment
1849:116-118
Soaking; how does soaking affect dried beans
experiment 1568:23
Sounds of food experiment 1637:66
Starch test for starch in foods experiment 1670:82
Starch; make starch and turn it into a sugar by
heating experiment 1864:103-104
Starch; test for starch in foods experiment 2014:12
Starch; which foods contain starch experiment
1843:241
Sugar; test for natural sugar in foods experiment
1864:94-95
Sugar; which foods contain sugar experiment
1843:240
Temperature affects sweetness of food experiment
1849:93-95
Toast tastes better experiment 1864:106
Vitamin C in food; test for vitamin C experiment;
make liquid vitamin C indicator 1563:6
Water in food; how much is there experiment
1724:41
Water in various foods; how much is there experiment 1820:16-17
What are the most common and the most popular
What happens when you cook custard experiment
1568:73
Why ice pops are softer than ice experiment
1849:102-104
Why we cook food experiment, chemical changes
make foods, safer, tastier and easier to eat
1864:101-102
FOODPRESERVATION
Fish pemmican, how to preserve cooked fish
1664:119
Freezing effect on crispness of food experiment
1849:193-195
82
Food web mobile, how to make 1826:19

Releasing and measuring food energy in peanuts
experiment 1826:21
1975:80-81
FOOTPRINTS
Persons height determined from footprints experiment 1571:142-143
FOOTWEAR
Does footwear provide for growth of bacteria and
which type of footwear grows most bacteria
FORCE. See also CENTRIFUGAL FORCE;
CENTRIPETAL FORCE; NEWTONS
LAW; STRENGTH
Balloon on a string demonstrates rocket propulsion
1839:33-38
Bed of nails doesnt burst balloon magic trick
Changing direction of a force affects round object
Constant force and elastic force experiments
1955:12-17
Forces necessary to move an object experiment
1902:105-108
Gears used to change direction and speed of a
force experiment 1902:137-140
Kinetic and potential energy experiment 2045:34-35
Kinetic energy and the transfer of energy experiment 2045:38-39
Magnetic force, reaction force, buoyant force
Marbles in loop the loop experiment 1748:44-45
Measuring forces with a force meter, how to
make 1748:12-13
Pulling wagons experiment 1990:103-105
Ramp makes work easier experiment 1955:31-35
Spinning top magic trick, top keeps on spinning
1713:16-17
Torque, changing the direction of force experiment
2045:80-81
FORCE AND MOTION
Simple experiments to demonstrate motion, force
and energy 1765:3-34
FORECAST. See WEATHER FORECASTING
FORENSIC SCIENCE. See DETECTIVES
FOREST. See also WOODS
Grow small forest from tree fruits and seeds
experiment 1644:10
Freezing used to freeze all foods or certain kinds

experiment 1540:53
Salt and sugar prevent or control meat from spoiling
FOODSPOILAGE
Bread mold; temperature affect on bread mold
pH of different foods effect on food spoilage
Salt and sugar prevent or control meat from
spoiling experiment 1570:113-115
Water; do foods with more or less water spoil
faster experiment 1948:25
FOODSSPOILAGE
Bacteria in milk grows more slowly when refrigerated experiment 1978:49-51
FOODUTENSILS
Do dishwashers or detergents get rid of microbes on
eating utensils experiment 1570:120-121
FOOD CHAINS. See also FOOD WEBS
Activities to demonstrate how food chains work
1764:3-32
Balance in food chain between consumers and
producers experiment 1853:178-179
Construct model of a food chain experiment
1848:41-46
Diversity of plants and animals in small area of
ground experiment 1987:11-12
Energy flows through a food chain demonstration
1729:55-58
Energy is transferred in an ecosystem experiment
1842:182
Food web mobile, how to make 1826:19
Game; food chain drama game, science principles,
Marine food web chart, how to display 1601:9-10
Place each item of food you eat on food chain; can
you change your diet experiment 1581:43-44
Poster board food chains projects, how to make
1571:43-48
Releasing and measuring food energy in peanuts
experiment 1826:21
1975:80-81
FOOD WEBS. See also FOOD CHAINS
Energy is transferred in an ecosystem experiment
1842:182
83
Layers of plant and animal populations, science principles, activities and data sheets 1875:37-40
1975:85-86
Things to do to conserve and preserve temperate
deciduous forests 1792:58-60
Things to look for in a temperate deciduous forest
1792:46
there all year long experiment 1792:26
FORMICARIUM. See ANTS
FOSSIL FUELS
Experiments with fossils 1953:189-199
FOSSILS
Cast of a fossil experiment, how to do 1746:24
Clay fossil model, how to make 1828:15
Dating fossilized bones experiment 2054:104-105
Dinosaur skeleton fossil model, how to make from
Formation of a fossil mold experiment
1851:100-101
Formation of a fossil mold experiment 1859:76-79
Fossil cast of shell, modeling clay, plaster of Paris,
Fossil cast, how to make 1951:79
Fossil cast; made using modeling clay and plaster
of Paris experiment 1816:33
Fossil casts of leaves, seed pods, bones, feathers
and flowers, how to make 1599:97-98
Fossil mold, how to make 1951:78
Fossils in the Earth experiment 1869:126-131
Geologists envelopes to carry small fossils, sand
or rocks, how to make 1746:18-19
How a fossil impression forms experiment
1941:29
How are fossil impressions formed experiment
1751:51
How fossils are made experiment with plaster of
Paris 1933:37
Make fossil jacket, to allow moving fossils to a
laboratory experiment 1667:13-14
Make fossil using clay, plaster of Paris and shell
1738:16
Make fossils from coffee or tea leaves, how to do
1636:69-71
Make fossils, from cardboard and plaster of Paris
1830:94
Make plaster cast of a fossil 1667:14-15
Make your own fossil form from plaster of Paris
experiment 2014:187
Make your own fossils from clay, plaster of Paris
1654:26
Model of fossil made with clay 1549:24-26

Model of fossil made with plaster of Paris
1549:26-27
Mold of shell made using plaster of Paris experiment 1550:78-79
Plaster of Paris fossil model, how to make
1827:24-25
Plaster of Paris fossil, how to make 1670:25
Play dough fossils, how to make 1970:179
Removing the fossil from surrounding rock, how
to do 1746:24
Rubbings; how to do using aluminum foil, embossing and clay prints 1967:194-195
Sponges turn into hard bone-like fossils in salt
water and sand experiment 1659:27-29
FOUCAULT PENDULUM. See also PENDULUMS
Demonstrate rotation of Earth by building Foucaults
Pendulum experiment 1864:139-140
Earth rotates experiment 1953:211
FOUCAULT PENDULUM PRINCIPLE. See also
GYROSCOPES; PENDULUMS
FOUCAULT, JEAN
Earth rotates experiment 1953:211
FOUNTAINS
Magic trick fountain defies gravity experiment
1719:14-15
FRAGRANCES. See COSMETICS; PERFUMES
FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN
Engraving stamps, how to make from potatoes
1537:102-103
Homemade paper from bathroom tissue or tissue
paper, how to make 1537:90-91
Ideas to get you observing, thinking, innovating
and inventing 1537:8-19
Letter press stamps, how to make from potatoes
and paint 1537:99-100
Letter press, how to make from sand, and shoe
box 1537:100-102
Lithography shop using paper, crayons, watercolors,
how to do 1537:103-104
Repeat Franklins experiments with static electricity and Leyden jar 1586:84-87
2002:70-79
FREEZING. See also HEAT; ICE; WATER
FREEZING
Freezing slows molecules and they join together to
make ice crystals experiment 1679:18-20
How sugar affects freezing experiment 1669:43
84
FREEZING POINT
Salt affects the freezing point of sea water experiment 1600:21-22
What happens to salt water when sea water freezes
experiment 1600:24
FREQUENCY. See SOUNDFREQUENCY
FRESHWATER. See also LAKES; PONDS;
STREAMS
Acid rain in freshwater affects the cell structure
of spirogyra experiment 1539:106-108
Compare density of ocean and freshwater experiment 1851:85
FRICTION. See also HEAT; SLIDING TOYS;
STATIC ELECTRICITY
Ball bearing lets object spin easily experiment,
Ball bearings effect on friction experiment
1902:89-92
Cups and balls magic trick demonstrates friction
1713:22-23
Different surfaces create different amounts of friction, demonstrate with toy cars
1820:62-63
Electric and magnetic forces on a frictionless toy
air car experiment 1990:25-30
Forces necessary to overcome static friction and
moving friction experiment 1902:85-88
Friction and dry and oily surfaces experiment
2045:12-13
Frictionless toy air car experiment 1990:15-21
Heat from friction experiment using sand in jar
with thermometer 1534:108
Hovercraft model; how air can be used to reduce
friction experiment 1902:93-96
How do starting friction and sliding friction compare experiment 1844:190-191
How does rolling friction compare with sliding
Lubricants; how lubricants fight friction experiment 1677:21-23
Magic ball stops and starts due to gravity experiment 1770:45
Measure frictional force when various surfaces
rub together experiment 1915:68-70
Observe force of friction and devise ways to
overcome it experiment 1758:27
Parachute shapes that reduce friction the most
Race different size containers down a ramp experiment 1878:8-10
Scale device that measures friction on different

surfaces experiment 1532:34
Shoes tested for resistance on different materials
experiment 1748:15
Slip and grip cardboard rocket experiment to
demonstrate friction 2000:33
Surfaces increase or decrease friction experiment
1878:11-14
Wear on everyday things is caused by friction
experiment 1540:46
FRISBEES
Paper plate Frisbee experiment 2000:103-104
Paper plate Frisbee experiment, how to make
1890:38
Spin of Frisbee gives it stability in the air experiment 1558:8
FROGS. See also TADPOLES
Caring for eggs and tadpoles, how to do
1736:25-27
Collecting tadpoles or frog eggs, how to do
1736:22-24
How to collect frog spawn and raise tadpoles in
aquarium 1723:15
Keeping frogs in a vivarium, how to do 1736:28-31
Tadpoles grow into frogs in aquarium experiment
1906:91-93
Temperature effect on frog development experiment 1583:110-113
Where do frogs go in winter experiment
1906:94-95
FROST. See also ICE
How does frost form experiment 1751:103
How does frost form experiment 1861:52-55
Make frost experiment 1528:54
Make frost with glass, ice cubes and salt experiment 1892:43
Temperature difference between air and object it
touches affects formation of frost experiment
1861:54-55
FRUIT. See FRUITS
FRUIT FLIES. See also FLIESFRUIT FLIES
Are adult fruit flies attracted to light experiment
1652:175
Catching and keeping fruit flies experiment
1722:13
Do fruit flies detect their food by sight experiment
1652:172-173
Do fruit flies have a tendency to walk upward
experiment 1652:176
Does cold affect number of individuals surviving
to pupation experiment 1652:175
85
Does darkness affect ability of fruit fly population to reproduce experiment 1652:175
Does temperature affect development time of
fruit flies experiment 1652:173
Experiments with fruit flies, data sheets given
1652:167-176
Fruit flies can live on fruit alone but not yeast
alone experiment 1652:173
Gravity; how do fruit flies respond to gravity
How to catch and keep fruit flies 1653:99-102
How to collect fruit flies experiment 1631:42-44
Identify male and female fruit flies experiment to
get new generation of fruit flies 1631:44
Raise fruit flies in jar of banana pieces experiment
1546:72-73
Will fruit flies come to a jar with fresh fruit or
rotting fruit experiment 1652:172
FRUIT JUICES
How can you concentrate a solution experiment
2048:22-23
How much vitamin C in orange juice experiment
2048:26-28
FRUITS. See also CITRUS FRUITS; SEEDS
FRUITS
Are fruits acid experiment, use red cabbage indicator 1893:12-13
graph 2039:20-21
Classify fruits and vegetables experiment
1628:34-36
Cranberries tested for freshness experiment
1751:71
Decay rates of plant matter in carbon dioxide/
nitrogen atmosphere experiment
1534:77-80
Develop picture of yourself on an apple experiment 1959:130-132
Eat major parts of different plants, science principles,
1875:61-69
1854:28-31
How fruits ripen experiment 1864:167-168
How to keep fruits and salads fresh experiment
2048:24-25
Mathematical model to determine how much of
fruit you eat and how much you throw away
1610:73-76
Nuts; what is the fruit in nuts experiment 1751:73

1875:48-69
Reproduction; pineapple plant from pineapple
top, how to grow 1651:90-91
Ripeness affects the taste of fruits experiment
1849:15-16
Ripening fruit by heat and light experiment
1540:30
Ripening; speed up ripening of banana experiment
1849:159-161
Starch; how does banana become ripe experiment,
test for starch 1934:65-67
Sugar; test for glucose sugar in ripe banana experiment 1934:67
Vitamin C and lemon juice keep fruit from turning
dark experiment 1856:96-97
Why do some fruits and vegetables wilt when
cooked experiment 1804:58-59
Why does cut fruit turn brown experiment
1804:30-31
FRUITSDRIED
Fruit dryer, make from cardboard box, aluminum
foil and cheesecloth 1967:178-179
Raisins; make your own dried fruit in Sun trap
1631:8
Sun-dried apples experiment 1616:16-17
FRUITSSEEDS. See also SEEDSFRUIT
All apples have the same number of seeds experiment 1651:104-105
Fruit tree, how to plant and grow experiment
1757:74-75
Grow avocado tree from seed, how to do 1734:41
Grow fruit plants from seeds experiment 1603:45
Grow lemon, orange or grapefruit plants from
seeds, how to do 1651:80-81
How do seeds of fruits compare experiment
1751:74
How to grow orange and lemon trees 1830:146
Mango plant from mango seed, how to grow
1651:82-83
Peach plant from peach pit, how to grow
1651:86-87
Plant avocado pit or other fruit seeds in soil
experiment 1546:38
Pomegranate plant from seed, how to grow
1651:92-93
FRY, ART
Test post-its experiment 1771:89
86
FUEL
1787:90-94
FUNGI. See also SLIME MOLDS; SPORES;
YEAST
Bread mold, how to grow experiment 1735:28-29
Bread mold; growing bread mold experiment
1816:13
Foods; on which foods do molds grow best
Grow molds on bread, cheese and jam experiment
1695:14-15
Making spore patterns experiment 1893:16
Mold distribution throughout your home experiment 1570:86-87
Mold grows on bread experiment 1750:24-25
Mold spores in vacuum cleaner bags experiment
1570:90-91
Molds from bread, fruits, cheeses and onions under
microscope experiment 2027:68-68
Mushroom spore prints, how to make 1735:40
Preservatives control bread mold growth experiment
1570:88-89
Slime molds know where their food is experiment
1652:77
Slime molds; at what distance can slime molds
detect food experiment 1652:77-81
Slime molds; experiments with slime molds, data
sheets given 1652:73-81
Slime molds; where are slime molds most likely
to grow experiment 1735:32-34
Sporangia; will drying induce sporangia to form

experiment 1652:81
Sporangia; will lack of food cause sporangia to
form experiment 1652:81
Sporangia; will light cause sporangia to form
experiment 1652:81
Sporangia; will placing slime on plastic wrap cause
sporangia to form experiment 1652:81
1869:28-33
2027:70-71
FUNGICIDES
Harmful chemicals can be drawn into plants we
eat experiment 1632:23
FUNNELS, BERLESE. See BERLESE FUNNEL
FURNACES. See HOUSESFURNACES
FURNACESSOLAR. See HEATING SYSTEM;
SOLAR FURNACES
FUSES. See also ELECTRIC; ELECTRICITY
ELECTRIC CURRENT
Device to test fuses, how to make 1899:65-68
Fuse, make from steel wool, wire, switch and
batteries 1747:43
Fuse; make fuse experiment to show how a metal
can protect electrical devices 1674:27-30
Fuses protect from excess current flow experiment
1936:38-39
Short circuit experiment; what happens when you
blow a fuse 1577:89-92
FUSION, NUCLEAR. See NUCLEAR FUELS
87
&
GALAXIES
Balloon with silver stickers demonstrates expanding universe 1974:35
Make a spinning galaxy to show structure of ours
and other galaxies 1974:34-35
GALILEO, GALILEI
Activities from easy to difficult to study Galileos
life 2051:2-47
1885:23-28
Falling balls experiment repeats Galileos famous
1579:51-54
Falling objects experiment by dropping balls
2006:109-110
Galilean water clock, how to build 1992:13-17
Galileos water thermometer experiment
2006:107-109
Galileos drop test to see how fast different
weights fall experiment 1586:33-35
Galileos inclined plane model of free-fall experiment 1610:110-112
Galileos pendulum experiment with string and
bolt 2006:110-112
Galileos swing of the pendulum experiment
1586:31-33
Galileos telescope, how to make from tubes and
lenses 2006:112-113
Model of projectile motion based on Galileos
principle 1610:112-119
2002:26-36
Method of measuring the time a falling object
takes to reach the ground 1609:87-88
GALLS
Finding and observing galls, how to do 1930:96-97
Whats inside a gall experiment 1852:72-75
GALVANIZATION
How thick is the galvanized layer on metal experiment 1743:63-67
GALVANOMETER
Galvanometer detects electrical current, how to
build 1899:99-101
Galvanometer used to show flow of electricity
through coil of wire experiment 1863:62-64
How to tell if electric current is flowing through
a wire experiment, make a galvanometer
1844:323-324
Simple galvanometer, how to make 1953:43
When was the galvanometer discovered experiment 1905:106-109
GALVANOSCOPE
Galvanoscope (Ampere inventions) detects electric
GAMES. See also BATTERIES AND CIRCUITS
Exploring the universe board game, how to make
1697:26-27
Operation game board demonstrates structure and
components of electric circuit 1839:195-199
GARBAGE
Compost from household garbage experiment
1987:56-57
Earthworms used to recycle kitchen wastes into
fertile garden soil experiment 1539:90-92
1655:12-13
Heat from burnable trash experiment 1987:96-100
Landfill; how different materials change in a
Landfill; use graph to show different kinds of
trash in landfill experiment 2039:28-29
Waste material in garbage can experiment; what
kinds and is it necessary 1721:39
What happens to garbage dumped in frozen environment experiment 1669:45
Which garbage is biodegradable and which is not
1842:206-207
GARDENING. See also HYDROPONICS; SOIL
88
GARDENS
Food-container garden, how to plant and grow
1720:43
Mexican heritage garden, how to plant
1761:121-123
Salad garden grows sprouts for you 1546:48-49
GARDENSBOTTLE. See also TERRARIUMS
Bottle garden works in similar way to space colony
Desert bottle garden, how to make 1702:124-125
Green bottle garden, how to make 1702:124-125
GARDENSCHEMICAL. See also CHEMICAL
GARDENS; CRYSTALS
Charcoal, salt, food coloring and bluing makes
crystal garden experiment 1970:47
Crystal garden from water, bluing, ammonia, salt
and a brick experiment 1603:17
GARDENSINDOOR
Vegetable tops grow in dish garden experiment
1555:104
GARDENSPESTS
Scarecrow from plastic jug to keep animals away,
Windmill from plastic jug scares birds and animals
away, how to make 1555:38
GARDENSWINDOW BOX
Create window garden experiment, box and tray,
soil, plants 1546:44-45
GARDENS WITHOUT SOILS. See HYDROPONICS
GARLIC
Can antibacterial quality of garlic plant be increased
by foliar applications or garlic extract solution experiment 1539:148-151
Garlic braids, how to make 1761:136-138
Grow garlic plant indoors, how to do 1555:102
How to grow, harvest and braid into garlic braids
1757:78-80
Natural pesticides; can citrus oil, garlic or jalapeno
peppers control insect pests experiment
1569:27-31
GAS STATIONS
Do gas stations affect the soil around them experiment 1539:95-97
GASES. See also CARBON DIOXIDE; HELIUM;
HYDROGEN; OXYGEN
Alka-Seltzer tablets and popcorn kernels experiment 1970:39
Balloon in a bottle experiment 1990:69-70
Balloons; hot and cold experiment 1990:68
Blow up balloon with a smashed banana experiment 1667:27-28

Blown-out candle can re-light itself experiment
1844:31-32
Butane in lighter is a liquid or a gas experiment
1840:215-219
Carbon dioxide gas experiment with balloon
1829:4-5
Carbon dioxide; a heavier gas experiment
1985:47-50
Convection in a gas experiment 1907:19
Density of gases experiment 1985:55-58
Expanding gases can be used for cooling experiment 1787:54-58
Gases affected by changes in temperature experiment 1606:51-56
Gases can dissolve in air experiment 1673:19-23
Helium; a lighter gas experiment 1985:51
Identify matter in each of three states, solids, liquids
and gases experiment 1613:59-66
1840:209-213
Mass; measuring the mass of gases experiment
1985:45-46
Model of gas atoms or molecules in motion experiment 1577:49-51
Raisins ride up and down in soda drink experiment
1829:26-27
Remove flame from a candle without putting it
out experiment 1844:33-34
Steamed vegetable bundles demonstrate water
changing from liquid to gas experiment
1680:8-10
experiment 1970:37
Volume of gases related to pressure when temperature changes experiment 1606:56-57
What happens to gases as they are heated and
cooled experiment 1844:65-66
What is a gas experiment 1678:6-9
Which gas passes through a balloon fasterair
or carbon dioxide experiment 1673:26-28
GASTROPODS. See SLUGS; SNAILS
GEARS. See also SIMPLE MACHINESGEARS
Project to demonstrate basic principles behind
gear motion 1864:160-161
What are gears for experiment 1904:16-18
89
GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE

Model of geological time scale, how to make
1999:6-7
What is a geologic time scale experiment
1535:85-87
GEOLOGY
Buildings and structures of different kinds of
rocks survey in your town project 1738:24
Geologists notebook, paper, cardboard, heavy
thread, making 1599:8-10
GEOMETRIC FIGURES. See FRACTIONS
GEOMETRY. See also ANGLES; CURVES;
TOPOLOGY
Polygon; what is a polygon experiment
2054:142-143
What is a triangle experiment and display
1851:142-143
GEOTAXIS
How do fruit flies respond to gravity experiment
1571:13-15
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY. See GEYSERS
GEOTROPISM. See also PLANTSTROPISMS;
ROOTS
Direction roots of a plant grow experiment
1934:39-41
Plants know which way is up experiment with
bean seeds 1655:28-29
GERBILS
Are gerbils territorial experiment 2020:59-63
Can we predict, on the basis of past behavior,
which gerbil will back away from confrontation and which one wont experiment
2020:64-68
Daily food consumption of gerbil studied experiment 1583:113-115
Do gerbils seek the company of other gerbils
Does the scent of cat affect the amount of exploratory behavior displayed by a gerbil experiment 2020:73-77
Food preferences of gerbil experiment 1583:115
Is a male gerbil more aggressive toward an intruder
that is familiar or one that is not familiar
Which is faster a hamster, gerbil or mouse experiment 2020:32-36
GERMINATION. See also SEEDS
GERMINATION
GERMS
or molds experiment 1707:88-89
GELATIN
Flavored gelatin candy experiment 1981:58-60
Gelatin dessert demonstrates colloidal mixture
experiment 2014:26
Gelatin used to explore refraction experiment
2028:23-24
What is gelatin experiment 1804:51-53
GENDER
Effects of gender identity on short-term memory of
varying age children experiment 1539:50-52
GENERATORS
Build an electric generator experiment 1605:62-63
Electric generator, based on Faradays discoveries,
Generator produces electricity experiment
1747:38-39
How can mechanical energy produce electricity
Motors are the opposite of generators experiment
1936:48
GENES. See also HUMAN BODYGENES
Patterns of inherited traits experiment; widows
peak, rolled tongue, freckles, eye color and
others 1571:135-137
GENETICS. See also EMBRYOLOGY; HEREDITY
Chances of inheritance experiment using beans
1725:177
Chromosomes and how they pass information on
Clay balls demonstrate new gene combinations in
children 1889:92-94
Earlobe heredity experiment 1934:30-32
Flipping coins chance at work experiment in
genetics 2019:107-111
How genetic changes and natural selection work
Jumping genes project 1869:34-39
Looking for traits in pea plants experiment, how
to grow and record results 2019:112-114
Repeat Mendels genetic experiments with peas
using marbles 1586:160-163
Tongue rolling; compare chances of coin toss to
combinations produced in Punnett square
GEOLOGICAL TIME LINE
Model of time line of Earth experiment, paper,
paper tubes, paints 1599:98-99
90
GLIDERS. See also AIRPLANES

Build a simple glider from oak tag and rubber
bands 1842:221-222
Design; which glider design glides the best experiment 1758:49-50
Foam flyer experiment 1698:58-61
Glider uses energy from stretched rubber band for
power experiment, how to make 1558:22-23
Make a paper glider 1745:25-26
Make glider go up and down in a wind tunnel
Paper glider, how to make 1877:46
Sir George Cayleys model glider, how to make
1877:36-37
Wind test baffle test on a balsa wood glider experiment 1864:185-188
GLOBAL WARMING. See also GREENHOUSE
EFFECT
Model to simulate the greenhouse effect experiment 1848:143-145
Sea levels rising due to pollution; effect on lowlying islands and coasts experiment 1528:162
GLOBES
Globe project, how to build 1634:22-23
Mapping a sphere the Earth experiment; comparing globes and flat maps 1850:43-51
GLOBULESFAT. See also FATS
GLOP
Recipe for making Glop 1970:289
GLUES. See also ADHESIVES
Glue experiment, how to make from milk, vinegar,
baking soda and water 1890:73-74
Glue from gluten experiment 1981:56
Glue from milk protein experiment 1981:54-55
Glue from milk, vinegar and baking soda experiment 1563:17-20
Milk glue from milk, vinegar and baking soda
Milk; glue from milk experiment 2048:37
Recipes for several kinds of glues and pastes, how
to make 1670:29-32
Slime from glue and borax experiment 1879:15-18
Super adhesive from milk and vinegar, how to
make 1801:22-23
GLUTEN
How far do you cough your germs experiment

1570:132-134
1707:88-89
GESNER, ABRAHAM
Gesners experiment; repeat to compare way
different oils burn 1658:38-41
G-FORCES
Measure g-forces on a roller coaster with G-Meter
Scale, how to make 1959:56-59
GIBBERELLINS
GILBERT, WILLIAM
Build Gilberts Versorium to test for staticproducing materials experiment 1845:42
Gilberts law of poles experiment using compass
and bar magnet 1845:41-42
GIRDERS. See BEAMS; BRIDGES; STRUCTURES
GLACIERS. See also EROSION; ICE
Erosion caused by friction of glacial ice experiment 2045:84-85
Glacial ice formation experiment 1669:27
Glacier model to demonstrate melting experiment
1660:26-27
How did glaciers affect the landscape experiment
1535:54-56
How do glaciers change the environment experiment 1751:105
How is snow compacted into ice to form glaciers
experiment 1842:162
Rock fragments picked up by glaciers scrape the
surface of the Earth experiment 1751:105
Simulate glaciation (effect of ice on land) experiment 1550:67
glaciers meets experiment 1528:157
What happens when glaciers meet experiment
1535:79-81
GLASS
Bottle orchestra from recycled bottles filled with
different amounts of water experiment
1691:24
Glass bottle reused to make pretty decoration,
how to do 1691:23
Hollywood fake glass from sugar experiment
1631:12
Light through colored glass bottles experiment
1559:20
Musical instrument from drinking glasses with
91
GOLDRING, WINIFRED
GOLF
Does golf ball bounce influence the distance that
it will travel experiment 1539:173-175
GONZALEZ, ELMA DR.
Cant grow wrong experiment with lima beans;
roots grow down and stems grow up
1869:66-75
GOOBLEK
Cornstarch and water mixture experiment
2001:120-123
GOODYEAR, CHARLES
2002:81-93
GOOP
Cornstarch and water goop experiment 1970:46
GOURDS
Grow a gourd house for a bird, how to do 1916:29
GRAFTING. See also PLANTSVEGETATIVE
REPRODUCTION
GRAINS
Activities and science experiments
2032:115-132
Compare grains for starch content experiment
1550:7
Grain ground by mills experiment, how to grind
grain 1898:30
GRAPHITE
GRAPHS
Advertising styles and media used to sell soda
experiment, how to graph 2039:30-31
graph 2039:20-21
Cereals; which cereal has the most iron experiment,
how to graph 2039:13-14
Film cans and ramp roller derby experiment, how
to graph 2039:19-20
Landfill; use graph to show different kinds of
trash in landfill experiment 2039:28-29
Primary science activities with making data tables
and graphs 1931:32-35
Project feeder watch experiment, what birds like
to eat, how to graph 2039:8-9
Survey of what kind of pet owners like best
GOATS
Determine why mountain goats are able to move
sure-footedly on rocky slopes experiment
1848:120-123
GODDARD, ROBERT
Goddards experiments with lift and thrust to
build a rocket 1586:178-183
2002:3-13
GOLD
Panning for minerals and gold, how to demonstrate
1738:8
GOLDEN MEAN
1539:121-125
GOLDFISH
Breathing rate of fish experiment 1934:70
Breathing; how does a fish breathe experiment
1934:68-70
Breathing; what is the effect of chilling on the
breathing rate of a goldfish experiment
2020:98-101
oxygen gas in fishes bodies allowing them
to relax in new home 1539:176-177
Can a goldfish be trained to come to your hand
for food experiment 2020:116-118
Can a goldfish be trained to touch a black circle
in response to hand signal experiment
2020:119-121
Do fish seek out the company of other fish experiment 2020:112-115
Do goldfish eat fewer guppies when there is elodea
throughout the aquarium experiment
2020:102-104
Do goldfish hide experiment 2020:94-97
Fish learn to associate sound with food experiment 1546:15
Microbes; what kinds of microbes are found on
dead goldfish experiment 1570:27-28
Respiration rates of goldfish in waters of varying
temperatures experiment 1571:82-84
Temperature affects fish gulping (respiration)
Temperature changes from warm to ice cold affects
goldfish experiment 1581:35-36
Temperature effect on fish respiration experiment
1583:108-110
92
GRASSES
Compare growing sprout and grass seedlings to see
how grass survives cutting by lawnmower
1546:30
Grass seeds grow in sawdust heads, how to do
1862:14-15
Grass seeds planted on sponges and in egg cartons
with soil substitutes grow experiment
1631:22-24
Growing grass in light and dark experiment
1984:53
Growing grass on a turntable experiment
1984:40-41
How do grass seedlings respond to light experiment
1851:50-51
How do grass stems grow experiment 1854:60-63
How does grass survive when eaten to ground by
animals experiment 1851:54-55
How far will plant stems bend in response to
Location affects kinds of grasses and weeds that
grow experiment 1987:13
Paper from grass clippings experiment, how to
make 1627:38-40
Plant life keeps soil and grass from eroding
Rate at which chlorophyll breaks down in covered
grass experiment 1854:22-23
Why do grass stems grow experiment 2054:50-51
Why does green grass turn yellow experiment
1854:20-23
Why is grass green experiment 1751:36
GRASSHOPPERS
Collecting and housing crickets and grasshoppers,
how to do 1930:24-25
Feeding grasshoppers and crickets, how to do
1871:18-19
Grasshopper; house and observe grasshopper in
plastic jar house, how to do 1581:24-26
How to collect and care for grasshoppers
1732:28-31
How to collect grasshoppers and keep them
1871:12-19
How to keep and observe grasshoppers 2021:12-15
Model showing stages of grasshoppers development experiment 1852:32-35
Setting up a cage, how to do 1871:16-17
What kind of eyes do grasshoppers have experiment 1852:35-39
GRASSLANDS
Diorama of Savanna; animals, trees, flower and

insects, how to do 1807:36
Discover organisms that live in soil experiment,
Grass plants dried and mounted, how to do 1807:30
Grass seeds, how to plant, grow and observe leaves,
flowers and roots experiment 1807:13-30
Night hunters have trouble seeing in dim light
experiment 1806:22
Things to do to conserve and preserve the grassland biome 1793:58-60
Things to look for in a grassland 1793:47-48
GRAVITATIONHISTORY
Activities, experiments and projects to study
gravity and the famous scientists who
studied it 1992:1-205
GRAVITROPISM. See also PLANTSTROPISMS
Bean seed roots respond to gravity experiment
1546:35
GRAVITY. See also FALLING OBJECTS
Acceleration caused by gravity affects objects of
different weights experiment 1955:7-11
Air affects falling object; terminal velocity experiment 1983:91-93
1885:23-28
Artificial gravity in space station experiment
1885:20-23
Balancing point; find balancing point of piece of
Balancing point; ruler can find its own balancing
point experiment 1885:31-34
Balancing trick that seems to cheat gravity experiment 1885:38-41
Calibrated money bank toy model demonstrates
weighing things 1887:12-13
Cars that loop-the-loop defy gravity experiment
1990:48-50
Cars, hills, brakes and gravity experiment
1990:51-52
Compare gravity and inertia experiment 1842:255
Defy gravity experiment using funnels, dowels
and books 1920:115-116
Demonstrate and use gravity using ruler, banana
and apple experiment 1771:9-15
Direction changes in moving objects experiment
1839:107-114
Falling balls experiment repeats Galileos famous
1579:51-54
93
Falling objects experiment by dropping balls

2006:109-110
Flow and go boat model demonstrates gravitys
pulling power 2000:65-66
Force of gravity makes an object accelerate toward
Earth experiment 1609:86-87
Free fall experiment with toy model in Plexiglas
tube 1820:64-65
Galileos drop test to see how fast different weights
fall experiment 1586:33:35
Goddards experiments with lift and thrust to
build a rocket 1586:178-183
Gravity balance; make yardstick balance at
different points experiment 1753:47
Gravity causes all objects to fall experiment
1839:11-14
Gravity keeps planets in orbits around the Sun
experiment 2050:35
Gravity makes planets into balls experiment with
modeling clay 1707:37
Gravity pulls all objects downward at the same
speed regardless of their weight experiment
1640:140-141
1571:13-15
How does gravity affect heavy and light objects
How does gravity affect objects falling at the same
time experiment 1753:52
Jumping pencils magic trick demonstrates gravity
1713:24-25
Levitating boxes defy forces of gravity magic
trick experiment 1717:26-27
Liquid timers; identify and control variables that
affect the drip period of liquid timers experiment 1840:229-233
Magic trick with two boxes and hidden weight
experiment 1713:8-9
Magnetic attraction can balance force of gravity
experiment 1660:87
Marble maze project, how to build from wrapping
paper tubes 2000:61
Marble moves from one cup to another experiment
1920:113-115
Marble ramp project, how to build from cardboard
boxes 2000:59
Marbles and balls on hills experiment 1990:43-44
Measure constant acceleration due to gravity using
downhill racing car experiment 1839:207-221
Motion beats power of gravity experiment 1935:41
Parachute man demonstrates how parachutes work

Sand and marble in cylinder experiment 1659:46-48
2002:49-59
Skyhook toy demonstrates gravity and balance
Spaceship in orbit around the Earth model
1609:77-78
Spring scale measures force of gravitational pull
Test gravity with plastic containers experiment
2015:50-51
Timing falling objects experiment 1983:86-90
Toy cars on hills experiment 1990:40-42
Tumbling troll model tumbles down cardboard
ramp experiment 2000:63-64
Water tower clock model demonstrates gravity
2000:66-67
Weight on Earth, Moon and planets experiments
1885:15-17
Weightlessness demonstration with coin and coat
hanger experiment 1885:18-20
Why do things roll downhill easy experiments
1857:66-69
GRAVITYCENTER OF GRAVITY. See also
BALANCE; CENTER OF GRAVITY
Balance stick experiment demonstrates center of
gravity 1579:8-10
Balanced rocks; what prevents a balanced rock
from falling experiment 1535:91-93
Find center of gravity of a long, thin object experiment 1579:29-31
Roll a can uphill to demonstrate center of gravity
Stack blocks from top down experiment 1579:93-97
Weird wand magic trick demonstrates center of
gravity 1713:14-15
GRAYWATER. See WATERCONSERVATION
GREEN LACEWINGS
How to catch and keep green lacewings 1653:22-24
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
Bottle garden with plants demonstrates carbon
cycle experiment 1826:11
Demonstrate greenhouse effect 2054:122-123
Demonstrate greenhouse effect using container
of water 1660:99-100
Demonstrate the greenhouse effect experiment
2050:169-173
94
How does pollution influence drinking water

Model percolation of groundwater experiment
2050:149-154
GROWTH
Growth rate pole, how to make 1725:174-175
GUERICKE, OTTO VON
Magdeburg hemispheres experiment repeated
1980:71-73
GUITAR. See also MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
GUPPIES
Are guppies more attracted to hiding places when
predators are present experiment
2020:108-111
Do goldfish eat fewer guppies when there is elodea
throughout the aquarium experiment
2020:102-104
GYPSUM
Sidewalk chalk experiment, how to make
1562:21-23
Sidewalk chalk from plaster of Paris and tempera
paints, how to make 1541:21-23
GYROSCOPE
Moving bicycle helps you balance experiment
1567:24-27
Observe stabilizing effects of a gyroscope experiment 1902:117-120
Model to simulate the greenhouse effect experiment 1848:143-145

Observe greenhouse effect experiment
1987:49-50
Sea levels rising due to pollution; effect on lowlying islands and coasts experiment
1528:162
Test to see how greenhouse effect works experiment 1632:15
What is the greenhouse effect experiment
1861:24-27
GREENHOUSES
Mini greenhouse for indoor seedlings, how to make
1555:24
Mini-greenhouse to grow plants, how to make
1894:24-25
Sun warms a greenhouse experiment 1751:41
Why is it warm in a greenhouse, science principles,
GROTTOES
Different colors of light are bent by water in
caves experiment 1550:123
GROUNDWATER
Collect water from hole in ground using plastic
sheeting and container 1693:38
Detergent pollution effect on buoyancy of freshwater birds project 1864:46
How do wells affect the water table experiment
1535:68-70
95
&
HABITATS. See also ECOSYSTEMS;

TERRARIUMS
Diversity of plants and animals in small area of
ground experiment 1987:11-12
Life in a square of yard or park experiment
1603:99
Neighborhood map of habitats around you, how
to do 1723:11
Plants and animals observed in area marked by
picture frame 1751:14
Quadrat to survey wildlife in different habitats
experiment, how to build, wood, screws and
string 1546:12-13
Rock; what lives under a rock experiment 1751:53
Sow bugs; what habitat do sow bugs prefer
Study a nature square experiment, chart given
1843:75-83
Transect used to find patterns within a habitat
1930:70-71
Wood lice; do wood lice like dry or wet, light or
dark experiment 1826:26-27
HAIL
Grow hailstone on a thread experiment 1861:63
How does hail form experiment 1861:60-63
Individual layers of hailstone shown using water
mixed with food coloring experiment
1861:63
Temperature of water drops affect cloudiness of
ice layers forming hailstones experiment
1861:62-63
What are rain, snow and hail experiment
1904:83-86
HAIRHUMAN
Hair; determine which is stronger, straight or
curly hair experiment 1860:75-83
Human hair is more elastic when wet experiment
1672:90-91
HALF-LIFE
Demonstrate importance of half-life dating experiment 1820:82-83
projects 1610:92-94
HAMSTERS
Build maze to see how long it takes mouse or
hamster to find food experiment 1530:9
Which scents cause a reaction in a hamster
2020:69-72
HAND. See also HUMAN BODY
HAND GLIDERS. See GLIDERS
HAND WARMER
Make from iron filings, salt, vermiculite and water
HANDEDNESS
Are cats right handed simple project 1876:95-102
HARBORS
HARD WATER. See also WATERHARD AND
SOFT
HARDNESS SCALE. See MOHS SCALE
HARMONOGRAMS. See LISSAJOUS FIGURES
HARP, AEOLIAN. See also MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS
HATCHING. See EGGS
HAWKING, STEPHEN
HAY INFUSION. See also MICROORGANISMS
How to make to get ciliates 1661:50
HAZELNUTS
How to grow hazelnuts experiment 1830:151
HEADLANDS
Simulate effect of headlands on wave action
HEARING
Hearing through solids experiment 1725:154
Judging the direction of sound experiment
1725:155
HEART. See also BLOOD; HUMAN BODY
Timing heartbeat and pulse experiment; do they
occur at the same time 1571:28-29
96
HEAT. See also COMBUSTION; FIRE;

INSULATION; TEMPERATURE;
THERMOMETERS
Air and water differ in their ability to store heat
Breaking metal experiment with paper clips
1674:15-17
Burning metal experiment using steel wool
1674:21-23
Can a powder be changed into a hard solid experiment 1676:34-37
Changing solid into a liquid experiment, which is
easier table salt or sugar 1676:12-14
Clothing; how does heat affect wrinkles in clothing experiment 1672:86-89
Count Rumfords theory of heat experiments
1586:104-107
Density of water increases as it gets colder experiment 1977:58-59
Dried wheat swells as it soaks up water experiment
1679:10-11
Dry sand versus wet sand experiment; which heats
faster and retains heat better 1534:113
Electricity; generate heat from electricity experiment 1899:45-47
Expanding a metal with heat experiment 1674:12-14
From gas to liquid experiment 1679:12-14
Heat absorbers; types of materials that absorb heat
best experiment 1753:34
Heat and cold; easy demonstrations 1923:9,12,21
Heat capacity is measure of ability of substance to
store heat energy experiment 1677:31-33
Heat causes air to expand experiment 1900:57-58
Heat change and formation of new substance in a
chemical change experiment 1758:25
Heat changes some large molecules experiment
1672:92-94
Heat flow and the rub of friction experiments
1586:104-107
Heat loss investigation at crime scene project
1888:91-93
Heat losses affected by surface area and temperature difference experiment 1915:84-86
Heat makes gas expand and bread rise experiment
1679:21-22
Heat shimmer from rising hot air layer refracts light

passing through it experiment 1528:37
Heat Solution experiment to discover how it can
provide heat 1840:257-260
Heating and cooling by stretching and unstretching a balloon experiment 1675:36-39
experiment 1679:8-9
Liquids and heat energy experiment using dried
milk in pasta with cheese sauce experiment
1680:14-16
1674:18-20
Metal fatigue experiment with paper clips
1674:15-17
Odors; temperature effect on odors experiment
1540:37
experiment 1679:6-8
Pressure causes heat energy to form and melt ice
experiment 1753:35
Salt can be used for heating and cooling experiment 1787:40-44
Sense of touch used to explore heat flow and heat
capacities of two different solids experiment
1676:32-33
Sun can be used to heat water experiment
1787:61-65
Temperature effect on light sticks experiment
1840:269-274
Temperature in your home environment experiment 1540:19
Thermostat to control temperature in a heated jar
experiment, how to build 1532:77
Water can be used to store heat energy experiment
1787:18-21
Wire, when heated, will sag experiment
1878:96-97
HEATCONDUCTION
Beans or peas in butter on spoon handles experiment;
demonstrates heat and energy conduction
1659:55-57
Heat conduction and heat sinking experiment
2045:20-21
Heat from stove moves into pot experiment
1679:24-25
Heat from your hands makes quarter jump in bottle
with cap experiment 1770:35
Heat travels along metals experiment 1878:100-102
97
HEAVY METALS
Analysis of bacteria and heavy metal content of
sewage before and after treatment experiment
1539:136-137
Presence of heavy metals in coastal body of water
and their effect on aquatic life experiment
1539:109-112
HEIGHT
to make 1668:7
Determine height of any stationery object using
clinograph 1864:182-184
Height calculation using calculators tangent
function project 1864:32-33
Height of tree, how to determine experiment
1602:68-69
Indirect measurement of height experiment
1982:102-107
Tree; height of a tree, how to measure 1546:55
Tree; how much wood will a tree yield experiment
1550:54-55
Tree; how to measure height of tree compared to
rain forest trees experiment 1944:37
HELICOPTERS
Dynamic lift and air resistance experiment using
whirligigs, parachutes and helicopters
1864:198-199
Flying propeller helicopter, how to make 1877:50
Helicopter balloon powered rotor experiment
2030:22-23
Helicopter needs two rotors to keep from spinning
out of control experiment 1532:112
Helicopter rotor demonstration, how to make
2030:24-26
Helicopter rotor or airfoil experiment, how to
make 2030:20-21
Magic trick helicopter rotor turns experiment
1711:16-17
Paper helicopter, how to make 1745:21-22
Rotor of helicopter experiment, make two models
to see how helicopter works 1558:40-41
Rotor; model rotor flies up into the air experiment,
how to make 1532:112-113
Twirling toy helicopter demonstrates screws
2007:24-25
Very small and very large paper helicopters experiment, which performs best 1630:26-27
Whirly twirler made from straw and paper experiment 1630:27-28
HELIOTROPISM. See also PLANTSTROPISMS
Heat travels on steel wire and makes straight pins

Hot Wheels convertible toy car demonstrates effect
of heat on metal experiment 1840:157-160
HEATCONVECTION. See also CONVECTION
Convection; warming fluids to demonstrate convection experiment 1528:26
Heated air makes bag move experiment
1978:44-45
How heat travels experiments 1758:52-53
Temperature and water convection experiment
1540:82-83
What is convected heat experiment 1679:26-28
HEATCONVECTION CURRENTS. See also
HEATCONVECTION
Convection currents in water demonstration
1900:39-42
Heat makes things move experiment with mobiles
1831:98-99
Heat mobile experiment using tin foil, pie plate,
dowel, clay and wire 1560:24-26
Hot air rises experiment with mobiles 1831:98-99
HEATINSULATORS
Buildings; how long do different building materials
hold heat simple project 1876:144-145
Clothing; colors of clothing that absorb the most
heat experiment 1612:92
Dark-colored materials absorb visible and infrared light better than light-colored materials
R value of different materials experiment
1915:86-88
White huts are cooler than dark huts experiment
1820:22-23
HEATRADIATION. See also SOLAR
COLLECTORS; SOLAR ENERGY
HEAT CONSERVATION. See ENERGY CONSERVATION; INSULATION; INSULATORS
HEAT LOSS. See ENERGY CONSERVATION
HEATERSSOLAR. See SOLAR ENERGY;
SOLAR HEAT; SOLAR WATER HEATERS
HEATING
Infrared radiation from an electric heater is another
color of light experiment 1577:62-65
HEATING SYSTEM. See also HOUSES FURNACES
98
HELIUM
Experiments with helium balloons 1606:23-36
Falling helium-filled bubbles experiment 1607:60-62
Helium; a lighter gas experiment 1985:51
HELIX. See also ELECTRICITYELECTRIC
CURRENT
HERBARIUM. See also SEAWEED
HERBICIDES
HERBS
Basil keeps flies out of the house project 1651:156
Basil vinegar, how to make 1651:156
Basil; compare effects of singing, yelling and
storytelling on growth of basil plants experiment 1651:155
Basil; how to plant and grow experiment
1651:154-156
Chives; how to grow experiment 1651:157-158
Coriander; how to grow 1651:160
Dill, how to grow 1651:163
Fennel; how to grow 1651:162-163
Flowerpot herb garden, how to grow and identify
1789:36-37
Growing herbs experiment 1818:42-43
Herbal bath water, how to make 1651:188
Herbal tea bags, how to make 1760:119-120
Herbal vinegars, recipes, how to make 1572:47
Herbs grown in potting soil bag, how to do
1836:63-65
How to dry herbs 1555:70
Indoor herb garden, how to grow 1909:28-29
Insect-repelling herbs for pet collar, how to grow
and make collar 1836:37-39
Lavender air freshener, how to make 1909:22-23
Mint; how to grow 1651:168-169
Mint; reaction of ants to mint plants experiment
1751:82
Mustard; how to grow 1651:170-171
Parsley; how to grow 1651:173-175
Rose and lavender body powder, how to make
1760:119
Rose petal bath vinegar, how to make 1760:118
Rosemary hair rinse, how to make 1760:118-119
Rosemary; how to grow 1651:176-177
Sage, how to grow 1651:178-179
Sweet marjoram, how to grow 1651:166-167
Thyme, how to grow 1651:180-181
HEREDITY. See also GENETICS
Chances of inheritance experiment using beans
1725:177
Earlobe heredity experiment 1934:30-32
Genes; what are chromosome combinations that produce a boy or a girl experiment 1851:58-59
others 1571:135-137
Punnett Square predicts possible gene combinations experiment 1851:56-57
2002:117-128
Tongue rolling; compare chances of coin toss to
combinations produced in Punnett square
HERO ENGINE
Hero engine, how to make to demonstrate Newtons
Laws of Motion 1960:16
HEROS FOUNTAIN
Heros fountain flows all by itself experiment
1820:48-49
HERSCHEL, CAROLINE
Comet in a bag experiment demonstrates how
rock fragments, elements and freezing
combine to form a comet 1869:60-65
HIBERNATION
Where do frogs go in winter experiment 1906:94-95
HILDEGARD OF BINGEN
Natural scientist projects 1869:106-111
HILLS. See also SLOPES
3-D model of hill, how to make 2050:21
Elevation of hill, how to measure experiment
2050:18-21
HODGKIN, DOROTHY
Grow some crystals to demonstrate work of Dorothy
Hodgkin, Nobel Prize winner 1658:33-35
1869:162-169
Repeat her experiments with crystal structures
and structure of penicillin 1586:217-219
HODOMETER. See ODOMETER
HOME SECURITY SYSTEMS
How a light security system works experiment
2045:64-65
HOMES
Temperature in your home environment experiment 1540:19
HONEY
How does honey flow experiment to understand
viscosity 1568:133-135
99
P-traps; design mechanism to control growth of

bacteria in P-traps experiment 1539:145-147
P-traps; identify organisms in P-traps, test for
presence of anaerobic bacteria experiment
1539:145-147
HOUSEHOLD MACHINES
Burglar alarm warns you when door opens, how
to make 1532:86-87
Dishwaters; demonstrate rotating spray of dishwasher experiment 1532:80
Fire extinguishers, model fire extinguisher, how
to make from glass jar, clay, baking soda,
vinegar, straw and plastic bottle 1532:85
Microbalance scale so sensitive it can weigh
thread experiment 1532:82
Safe; model safe with combination lock experiment, how to make 1532:89
Spring balance scale experiment, how to make
1532:83
Timer; make pendulum in which each swing takes
exactly one second to measure time
1532:90-91
Washing machine; spinning the water out of a
washing machine experiment 1532:81
HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS
Disinfectants; how good are common household
disinfectants at reducing microbes experiment 1570:109-112
Rust; will certain household products prevent
rust project 2012:54-56
Toilet tissue; which toilet tissue is sturdiest when
wet experiment 1668:27
HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS
How can amount of bacteria found on kitchen
sponges and dishcloths be reduced experiment 1539:134-135
HOUSEPLANTS
Indoor air pollution and houseplants; which
houseplants best clean the air experiment
1569:105-110
HOUSES. See also BUILDING
HOVERCRAFT
Balloon hovercraft, how to make 1907:33
Hovercraft model; how air can be used to reduce
How a hovercraft works experiment 2043:55
Magic trick hovercraft floats along experiment
1711:12-13
Make a hovercraft from a plastic bottle experiment 1962:19
Make hovercraft from balloon, bottle cap and
cardboard 1707:20-21

HONEYBEES. See also BEES
HOOKES LAW. See also ELASTICITY
HORMONES. See also AUXINS; GIBBERELLINS;
PLANTSHORMONES
HORSEPOWER
How much horsepower do you have experiment
1844:47
HORSES
Observe how behavioral and spatial relationships
between foal and its mother change over
time experiment 1552:49-54
HORSESHOE MAGNETS. See
ELECTROMAGNETS
HOT AIR BALLOON. See also BALLOONS
HOT AIR
Balloon filled with hot air floats in cold air experiment 1606:18-20
Build hot air balloon experiment, make from plastic
bag, paper clips and blow dryer 1890:46-47
Hot air balloon experiment; make from tissue
paper, wood or cardboard box, glue and
wire 1564:6-9
Hot air balloon, how to make from cardboard and
tissue paper 2043:22-23
demonstrate 1558:19
Tissue paper hot air balloon model floats from
hot air experiment 1895:8-9
Use Sun to launch a hot air balloon experiment
1959:28-29
When was the first balloon flight experiment
1905:2-5
HOT FRAMES. See also GREENHOUSES
HOT SPRINGS. See GEYSERS
HOUSE FLIES. See also FLIESHOUSE FLIES
Smelling sensitivity of houseflies tested experiment 1583:103-105
HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES. See also ENERGY
CONSERVATION
Bottle keeps things cool experiment, two containers, aluminum foil, ice cubes 1532:79
Insulated bottle keeps things cool experiment,
how to make 1532:79
HOUSEHOLD EQUIPMENT
P-traps are conducive for growth of bacteria experiment 1539:142-144
100
Make hovercraft from balloon, cardboard, nail and

cork experiment 1818:61
Model hovercraft skims across water experiment
1770:21
HUMAN BEHAVIOR
Body language responses in people experiment
1595:67-68
Colors; different people respond to colors in the same
or different ways experiment 1595:66-67
Sign language; invent your own sign language
experiment 1595:92
HUMAN BODY. See also BLOOD; EARS; EYES;
FINGERPRINTS; HAIR; HEART;
INTESTINES; KIDNEYS; LUNGS;
NAILS; SENSES; SKIN; TEETH
Arms; what kind of simple machine is your forearm
Balance; effect spinning body around rapidly has
Blood; DNA testing at the crime scene project
1888:81-83
Blood; do blood donors have to be of same blood
type as recipient experiment 1571:64-66
Blood; simulate formation of blood clots experiment 1860:143-150
Bones; bones as levers work by mechanical advantage experiment 1725:50
Bones; how to soften a chicken bone and remove
minerals with vinegar experiment 1816:25
Bones; identify bones left at the crime scene
project 1888:75-78
Bones; knee joints, make knee joint out of poster
board to show how leg locks 1725:52-53
Bones; polarized light reveals stress patterns in clear
Bones; ring of straws design shows how Haversian
canal systems are arranged in bone experiment
1725:48
Bones; structural strength of bones experiment
1725:49
Bones; what is a bone like without the mineral
material experiment 1843:170
Bones; why are my bones hard experiment
1858:44-47
Bones; why do my arms bend experiment
1858:48-50
Bones; why does my back bend experiment
1858:40-43
Brain; brain can construct a mental picture from
sound and touch experiment 1725:127
Brain; colored light effect on concentration and

human mind experiment 1612:121
Brain; concentration experiment, test your power
of concentration 1860:21-27
Brain; demonstrate bodys automatic balance
responses experiment 1860:37-43
Brain; differences between boys and girls brain
experiment, puzzles to test 1604:52-53
Brain; how brain interprets messages from sensory
receptors in the skin experiment 1860:69-74
Brain; hypothalamus, demonstrate that sensations
of cold or hot can be deceiving experiment
1860:45-52
Brain; maze and mirror experiment trying to draw
backwards 1889:14-15
Brain; optical illusion trick experiment 1889:12-14
Brain; reflexes; determine if blinking is an involuntary action experiment 1860:53-60
Brain; right brain workout exercises experiment
1604:47
Brain; test your ability to control movements on
different sides of your body experiment
1860:29-36
Brain; tricking the eyes and brain experiments
1725:150-151
Brain; visual images activity to see how eyes and
brain work together to make sense of what
we see 1537:117
Breath; blow into water and indicator to show
carbon dioxide content of breath experiment
1667:57-58
Breath; collect one of the gases in your breath
Breath; when can you see your breath experiment
1905:69-70
Cells; bilayer soap films similar to living cells
outer walls experiment 1637:37
Cells; cell membrane and osmosis in action experiment with salt solution and onion cell
1725:29
Cells; cell membrane lets small molecules pass
through by osmosis experiment 1725:28
Cells; chemicals move through fluid inside cell
by spreading out process known as diffusion experiment 1725:27
Cells; diffusion in action in cells experiment using
ink and water 1725:27
Cells; model that shows three parts of a cell experiment, how to make 1860:5-11
Cells; size affects movement of particles through
a cell membrane experiment 1860:13-19
Cheek; cheek cells under microscope experiment
2027:46-47
101
Chest cavity model experiment, how to make

1606:72-73
Chewing and swallowing experiments 1725:88-89
Circulation; how does blood move through body
Circulation; how much blood in a baby, in a child,
and in an adult experiment 1858:66-67
Circulation; why do I get scabs experiment
1858:52-55
Coughing; how far do you cough your germs
Density; measure density of your body using
Archimedes method 1637:69
Digestion; demonstrate how fat is broken into small
globules in your body experiment 1849:85-88
Digestion; digesting fats experiment 1725:91
Digestion; digesting proteins experiment 1725:91
Digestion; digesting starches experiment 1725:90
Digestion; ingestion of food and digestion in
paramecium experiment 1571:67-79
Digestion; iodine test for presence of starch in
cracker from your mouth experiment
1571:23-24
Digestion; mix enzyme that breaks starch into
glucose and measure amount of glucose
present experiment 1571:61-63
Digestion; plastic bottle, meat and cola act as
model of digestion in your stomach experiment 1563:25-27
Digestion; starch test for salivas effect on chewed
Digestion; where does food we eat go experiment,
draw picture of digestive system
1858:100-103
Digestive system; demonstrate squeezing of food
from stomach into small intestines experiment
1860:159-165
DNA; activity simulates how messages are contained in DNA experiment 1889:97-100
Eardrum vibration to sounds demonstrated with salt
crystals on plastic wrap over bowl 1707:34
Eardrum; how does your ear hear music experiment
1565:10-12
Ears; determine if size of outer ear affects hearing
Ears; earlobe heredity experiment 1934:30-32
Ears; hearing through solids experiment 1725:154
Ears; judging the direction of sound experiment
1725:155
Ears; model ear from cake pan, tennis ball and
Ears; model of how ear works, how to make from
pan, plastic wrap and straws 1724:21
Esophagus; peristalsis experiment showing food

being pushed through esophagus 1725:89
Eyes; ability of eyes pupil to change size experiment 1860:85-91
Eyes; blind spot experiment with marks on poster
board, how to do 1546:89
Eyes; blind spot in eye experiment 1576:21-24
Eyes; blind spot in eye experiment 1612:111
Eyes; blind spot in our eyes experiment 1701:47
Eyes; blind spot in your eyes; test to find it experiment 1604:10
Eyes; color fading; cone cells which let you see
color do not work in faint light experiment
1725:142
Eyes; correcting nearsighted and farsighted vision
with concave or convex lens experiment
1966:37
Eyes; dominant eye test, how to do 1726:47
Eyes; hand eye coordination experiment 1725:146
Eyes; hole that blind spot causes in vision experiment 1725:148
Eyes; how does your eye respond to changes in
Eyes; how we see experiment 1966:35
Eyes; human color perception experiment using
colored lights to make additive color mixtures 1576:16-20
Eyes; judging distance with one or both eyes
experiment 1725:145
Eyes; make an eye with a magnifying lens and
tracing paper experiment 1725:140
Eyes; model of your eye experiment 1612:109-110
Eyes; model of your eye to demonstrate how iris
works experiment 1707:96-97
Eyes; motion detectors in eyes are fatigued when
watching rotating spiral experiment
1576:43-46
Eyes; moving pictures of octopus experiment
2033:25
Eyes; peripheral vision test experiment 1604:11
Eyes; pupil reflex, eye adjusts pupil size to let in
right amount of light experiment 1725:141
Eyes; retinal rods and cones experiment; make a
vision meter 1725:142-143
Eyes; seeing a blur when rod and cone cells are
recovering experiment 1725:149
Eyes; seeing your own retina experiment 1725:149
Eyes; test your blind spot by focusing on an object
experiment 1546:92
Eyes; three-dimensional images experiment; make
glasses with colored filters 1725:144
Eyes; tricking the eyes and brain experiments
1725:150-151
102
Eyes; visual images activity to see how eyes and

brain work together to make sense of what
we see 1537:117
Eyes; what kind of behavior is blinking experiment 1851:44-45
Eyes; why do my eyes look red in some photos
Eyes; writing without seeing experiment to show
eyes and coordination 1725:147
Face and features; is face exactly symmetrical;
mirror-image faces experiment 1725:18-19
Feet; length of foot determines your height experiment 1889:88-89
Feet; smelly feet from microbes on your feet
Fingernails; determine factors that affect speed of
fingernail growth experiment 1571:111-113
Fingernails; find growth rate of your fingernails
experiment 1637:73
Fingernails; how fast do your nails grow experiment 1725:40
Fingernails; temperature affects growth rate of
nails experiment 1851:41
Fingernails; what are different parts of a fingernail
Footprints; determining persons height from
footprints experiment 1571:142-143
Gender; effects of gender identity on short-term
memory of varying age children experiment
1539:50-52
Genes; chromosomes and how they pass information on experiment 1889:94-96
Genes; clay balls demonstrate new gene combinations in children 1889:92-94
Genes; Punnett Square predicts possible gene
combinations experiment 1851:56-57
Genes; what are chromosome combinations that produce a boy or a girl experiment 1851:58-59
or molds experiment 1707:88
Hair; determine which is stronger, straight or
curly hair experiment 1860:75-83
Hair; differences between human hair and animals
hair experiment 1889:104-106
Hair; hair sample under microscope experiment
2027:61-62
Hair; human hair is more elastic when wet experiment 1672:90-91
Hair; test hair strength using marbles on weighing
stand you build, how to do 1725:41
Hair; why is my hair curly experiment 1858:30-33
Hands; clapping hands make a loud noise experiment 1626:75
Hands; cold hands make it difficult to pick up

objects experiment 1751:100
Hands; measure face with your thumb experiment
1626:24-25
Hands; model hand to show how hand works
made from wood blocks, screws and rubber
bands 1725:66-67
Hands; precise fingertip movements with pencil
compared to shoulder movements experiment
1725:66
Hands; skin on your hands reacts to different kinds
of pressure experiment 1626:52
Hands; skin stretches when you bend your finger
experiment 1626:30
Hands; tendon trick; what happens when middle
finger and ring finger dont work together
1626:18
Hands; why do we wash our hands before handling
Hands; wimpy fingertip tricks 1626:19
Heart; anatomy of heart experiment 1912:114-116
Heart; blood flows in one direction in veins experiment, how to build model 1851:65
Heart; hard-working heart experiment 1725:100
Heart; hearing the heart beat with a stethoscope
experiment, how to make stethoscope from
funnel and plastic tubing 1725:99
Heart; heart pump model demonstrates if your
heart pumps as hard as a giraffe 1851:127
Heart; heartbeat and exercise experiment
1912:113-114
Heart; how big is my heart experiment 1858:56-58
Heart; how does my heart sound experiment
1858:60-63
Heart; how much blood moves with each heartbeat experiment 1851:65
Heart; how to measure heart rate 1860:151-157
Heart; make a stethoscope to listen to heartbeats
1758:80
Heart; stethoscope lets you hear your heart, make
from plastic tubing and funnel 1753:55
Heart; what does our heart do experiment
1904:112-115
Heart; why does heartbeat of mammals make a
sound experiment 1851:64-65
Height; gravity affects persons height experiment
1851:126-127
Joints; cartilage makes smooth moving joints
experiment 1725:51
Lungs; air in balloon experiment; does lung air put
out a flame or make it burn faster 1606:43-45
Lungs; model with balloon representing lung
103
Lungs; air you breathe contains water vapor

experiment 1725:75
Lungs; alveoli in a lung demonstrated with poster
board experiment 1725:73
Lungs; blow up balloon, place it under water and
release carbon dioxide gas from your lungs
Lungs; breath temperature experiment shows
exhaled air carries heat 1725:75
Lungs; carbon dioxide leaving your body, how to
demonstrate 1889:50-51
Lungs; compare amounts of air you breathe during
different activities 1724:47
Lungs; device to measure how much air is in
your lungs experiment 2014:298
Lungs; how breathing removes oxygen from the
air experiment using candle and jar of
exhaled air 1725:74
Lungs; how diaphragm works to fill your lungs
Lungs; how much air can your lungs hold experiment 1889:48-50
Lungs; how much air do you breathe out experiment 2041:12-13
Lungs; how much breath do I have experiment
1858:74-77
Lungs; how your lungs breathe experiment
1889:52-53
Lungs; lung power experiment, your blowing
power pulls car up ramp experiment
1725:76-77
Lungs; measure your lung capacity experiment
1637:70
Lungs; measuring lung capacity experiment
1843:153-160
Lungs; model lungs from plastic bottle, balloons,
rubber bands and clay experiment 1725:72-73
Lungs; model of human lung illustrates breathing
process 1610:68-79
Lungs; model of lung, how to construct from soda
bottle, balloon and plastic bag 1860:135-142
Lungs; model of lungs and diaphragm, how to
make 1758:81
Lungs; vital lung capacity, how to measure experiment 1820:42-43
Lungs; what are lungs for experiment 1904:108-111
Lungs; why does chest move when you breathe
Lungs; why I can see my breath when its cold
Mass; body mass; how to determine your body
mass index (BMI) experiment 1849:73-78
Memory booster exercises 1604:42-43
Memory; memory tester machine with colored

lights in random sequence, how to make
1725:130-131
Memory; short and long term memory exercises
experiment 1604:37
Memory; test persons memory for human faces
experiment 1725:128
Memory; using sensory memory experiment, how
it works and how it fades 1725:129
Muscles; locate muscle pairs in the upper arm
Muscles; muscle stamina and strength experiments
1725:64-65
Muscles; what muscles do you use to kick a ball
Muscles; working model of an arm with biceps
and triceps experiment 1725:62-63
Nails; how fast do your nails grow experiment
1843:176-177
Nose; does your nose help you taste food experiment 1934:18-20
Nose; locate perfume by following your nose
Nose; which smells are easy to identify experiment
using foods and non-foods 1725:158
Primary science activities with the human body
1931:66-69
Pulse rate and exercise experiment 1571:33-34
Pulse rate experiment with simple pulse meter
made with putty and straw 1546:86
Pulse rate; test your pulse rate experiment using
modeling clay and match stick 1816:20
Pulse; can you detect your pulse experiment
1905:82-83
Pulse; effect of exercise on your pulse experiment
1934:24-26
Pulse; how to take your pulse experiment
1934:21-23
Pulse; pulse beat measured using toothpick and
clay 1753:54
Pulse; seeing your pulse experiment with drinking straw, clay and stop watch 1725:101
Pulse; timing heartbeat and pulse experiment; do
they occur at the same time 1571:28-29
Reflexes; test reactions by trying to catch colored
card experiment 1546:89
Reproduction; determine odds of a baby being a
boy or a girl experiment 1860:185-192
Saliva; microbes in human saliva compared to
dog saliva experiment 1570:24-26
Skeleton; model of skeleton, how to make
1889:82-85
104
Skeleton; model of spine, how to make from

thread spools 1860:167-175
Skin; bathing effect on skin microbes experiment
1570:21-23
Skin; chart on a grid where you feel cold, pressure
and discomfort experiment 1546:93
Skin; how brain interprets messages from sensory
receptors in the skin experiment 1860:69-74
Skin; how does our skin protect us experiment
1843:161
Skin; how much skin do you have experiment
1637:71
Skin; how sensitive is your skin to touch experiment 1934:13-15
Skin; how sweat makes you cooler experiment
1860:61-67
Skin; moisturizing lotions and creams soothe and
protect skin experiment 1677:18-20
Skin; skin cells under microscope experiment
1725:35
Skin; skin sebum layer experiment 1725:37
Skin; which parts of human skin have the most
touch receptors experiment 1571:30-32
Skin; why do I have hair on my body experiment
1858:26-29
Skin; why does skin sweat experiment 1858:22-24
Skin; why does skin tan experiment 1858:18-21
Skin; why skin puckers up when you take a long
Sleep; do animals sleep more than humans experiment 1595:72
Stomach; plastic bottle, meat and cola act as model
1563:25-27
Sweat glands; how the body loses water through
the skin experiment 1849:7-10
Sweat; body loses small amount of water all the
time experiment using plastic bag over hand
1725:110
Sweating; how sweating keeps our bodies cool
Teeth; decay on tooth enamel demonstrated with
eggs in tea, coffee, cola and water experiment
1970:88
Teeth; identify teeth impressions at the crime scene
project 1888:72-74
Teeth; tooth disintegrates in soda experiment
1546:85
Teeth; what does tooth decay look like experiment
1843:248
Teeth; why do I have different shaped teeth
experiment, how to make a model that chews
1858:94-95
Temperature; experiment to fool temperature

receptors in your hands 1546:93
Temperature; finger temperature changes when
you drink hot or cold liquids experiment
1879:57-58
Temperature; where is body temperature warmest
and coolest experiment 1735:113
1975:91-100
Tongue; how does your tongue taste sugar experiment 1934:16-17
Tongue; how one taste masks another experiment
using salt and sugar solutions 1725:161
Tongue; which food you can identify using your
taste buds alone experiment 1725:160
Tongue; which part of your tongue is most sensitive to taste experiment 1843:216-217
Urine; invisible wastes from kidneys experiment
using table salt and water 1725:108
Vocal chords; determine how you make speech
sounds experiment 1860:93-99
Voice; how do I talk experiment 1858:86-89
Walking straight and balance in the dark experiment 1595:39-42
Water; how much of your body is water experiment 1886:8-9
Weight; does your weight change when you lie
down experiment 1983:75-76
What are we made of experiment 1843:229-230
HUMAN EVOLUTION
What lasts over time experiment; bury several items
to see what has or has not decayed 1816:59
HUMANS
Nonverbal communication in human interactions
HUMIDITY. See also HYGROMETERS;
MOISTURE; PLANTS
Absolute and relative humidity experiment
1915:22-24
Compare wet dry bulb and hair hygrometers
Evaporation tells us about humidity experiment
1842:92-93
Humidity affects dew point temperature experiment 1861:49
Humidity affects speed of rusting experiment
2050:101-102
Humidity effect on temperature experiment 1753:118
Humidity tester shows changes in humidity
experiment, how to make 1528:42
Hygrometer from human hair strand in large jar,
105
Hygrometer measures humidity experiment, how

to make 1851:81
Hygrometer measures humidity in air experiment,
how to make 1528:43
Hygrometer measures humidity, how to make
1967:156-157
2017:28-29
Hygrometer measures relative humidity experiment, how to make 1758:33-34
Hygrometer measures relative humidity of air,
Hygrometer to measure humidity, how to make
1830:101
Moisture in the air measured with homemade
hair hygrometer experiment 1842:90-91
Natures hygrometer, the pine cone opens and
closes with changes in humidity experiment
1528:168
Paper and aluminum foil wrapped around pencil
measures humidity in room experiment
1906:64-67
Relative humidity of air below ground level different from air above ground experiment 1528:61
Temperature and humidity changes effect behavior
of drinking bird experiment 1840:251-256
Testing humidity indoors and out 1540:80-81
Two thermometers, one wet and one dry experiment 2040:67-68
Weather bunnies reflect changes in humidity by
changing color experiment 1840:93-97
Why do you feel cooler when the humidity is low
experiment 1751:44
HUMIDITYRELATIVE HUMIDITY
1842:92-93
Relative humidity chart 1528:187
Two thermometers, one wet and one dry experiment 2040:67-68
HUMMINGBIRDS
Feeder and feed (nectar) for hummingbirds, how
to make 2024:18-19
Humming bird feeder demonstrates effect of atmospheric pressure project 1864:49-50
HURRICANES
Calmness in the eye of a hurricane demonstrated
Homemade hurricane, how to make
1850:120-123
Hurricane is a vortex demonstration, with bottles
and colored water 1528:87
Hurricane tracking; track the path of a hurricane

to predict where it will hit land experiment
1850:113-123
Model hurricane with colored water experiment
1528:84
Rising sea levels during a hurricane demonstration
1528:86
Storm surge demonstration, dishpan, water, fan
1528:85
What is eye of hurricane experiment 2054:96-97
What is the eye of a hurricane experiment
1861:76-79
HYDRA. See also MICROSCOPE; PROTOZOA
Food preferences of hydra experiment 1583:108
Hydra observed under hand lens or microscope
Hydra response to light and vibrations experiment
1583:108
Hydra response to vinegar experiment 1583:108
HYDRAULIC MODELS
Water powered hydraulic weight lifter experiment,
HYDRAULICS
Compressing a fluid experiment 2045:78
Magic trick statue rises out of box experiment
1715:22-23
HYDROCARBONS. See also AIR POLLUTION
HYDRODYNAMICS
HYDROELECTRIC POWER. See also TURBINES;
WATERWHEELS; WIND TURBINES
Water turbine driven by falling water like that
used in hydroelectric power station, how to
build 1532:16-17
HYDROFOILS
How a hydrofoil works experiment 2043:54
HYDROGEN. See also ELECTROLYSIS;
WATERELECTROLYSIS
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
Catalase enzyme acts on hydrogen peroxide to
convert it to oxygen and water experiment
1637:44
HYDROGENATION
106
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE. See also WATER CYCLE

Water cycle and its steps project 1729:269-272
HYDROMETER
How does a hydrometer work experiment
1844:10-11
How does a hydrometer work to measure density
of liquids experiment 1842:73-74
Hydrometer measures density of sea water experiment 2016:19
Hydrometer, how to make to demonstrate sea water
is denser than tap water, experiment 2052:12
different liquids 1596:28
different liquids experiment 1838:28
HYDROPONICS
Different plant species change the pH of nutrient
solution experiment 1638:120-123
Experiment with hydroponics using tomato, pepper
or bean seedlings 1998:141
Grow plants without soil experiment 1660:58-59
Grow spring bulbs hydroponics experiment
1640:42-43
Grow tomatoes hydroponics experiment 1645:49
Growing plants without soil experiment; how to
set up 1984:100-103
How roots in hydroponics get oxygen experiment
1638:109-111
Hydroponics equipment and nutrient solutions,
how to make 1638:135-143
Hydroponics plants grown without bubbling air
through the solution experiment 1638:111
Make a hydroponics garden and watch plants
grow experiment 1750:10-11
Mung bean sprouts experiment 1637:49
Seedlings and rooted cuttings for hydroponics,
how to do 1638:144-145
Simple hydroponics garden experiment using potato,
carrot and grass seed 1864:171-172
Temperature of water affects hydroponics plant
107
HYDROTROPISM. See also PLANTSTROPISMS

HYENAS
Sense of smell game to demonstrate hyenas sense
of smell experiment 2008:22
HYGROMETERS
Build hygrometer to measure relative humidity of
air 1791:24-26
Construct hygrometer from human hair strand in
large jar 1861:50-51
Construct hygrometer to measure relative humidity
1842:92-93
Hair hygrometer experiment 1950:92-93
How to measure atmospheres water content
Hygrometer measures humidity experiment, how
to make 1851:81
Hygrometer measures humidity in air experiment,
how to make 1528:43
1967:156-157
2017:28-29
Hygrometer measures humidity, make from styrofoam trays 1744:105-111
Hygrometer to measure humidity, how to make
1830:101
Make hygrometer from cardboard, tacks and human
hair 1648:60-61
Make hygrometer from index cards, your hair,
ruler 1537:35-36
Measure moisture in the air with homemade hair
hygrometer experiment 1842:90-91
Milk carton hygrometer, how to make
1953:254-255
1528:168
Two thermometers, one wet and one dry experiment
2040:67-68
HYGROSCOPIC SUBSTANCES
Effect of glycerin on bubble life span 1607:48-49
Effect of glycerin on bubbles size experiment
1607:50-51
HYPATIA
Curve exploration, creating conic sections from a
party hat 1869:76-83
&
I
Why is ice slippery experiment 1753:108
Wind speed effect on melting of snow, ice and
icicles experiment 1851:79
Wire move through block of ice magic trick experiment 1831:108-109
ICE AGE
1528:157
Isostatic model demonstrates rise and fall in Earths
crust experiment 1827:8-9
glaciers meet experiment 1528:157
ICE CREAM. See also SIMPLESSE
Freezing point depression process allows you to
make ice cream experiment 1563:21-24
Freezing slows molecules and they join together to
make ice crystals experiment 1679:18-20
How to make ice cream 1804:16-20
How to make ice cream using rock salt and ice,
recipe given 1598:8
Ice cream demonstrates double colloid, how to
make 2001:142-145
Ice cream made in plastic bag demonstrates
physical changes experiment 1758:24
Make ice cream and change liquid into a solid
Make ice cream without a freezer experiment
1563:21-24
Which ice cream freezes faster; in freezer or in
coffee can in salt ice mixture experiment
1831:112-113
Which is colder: ice or ice cream experiment
1628:30-32
ICE CUBES
Compare how fast ice cubes and crushed ice melt
Design container to keep ice cube from melting
experiment 1770:39
Ice cube sticks to string experiment 1751:118
Ice on a string experiment 1970:65
Lift ice cube with piece of string experiment
1829:10-11
Lift ice cube with string and salt experiment
1637:31
ICE. See also FREEZING; SNOW; WATER

FREEZING
Evaporation and condensation require large
amounts of latent heat experiment 1528:23
Floating; what makes ice float experiment
1904:62-64
Heating point of ice is raised by pressure experiment 1534:112-113
Ice occupies more space than water experiment
1751:108
Ice water below 0 degrees Celsius experiment using
crushed ice, salt and thermometer 1534:109
Latent heat experiment 1528:22
Latent heat released when water is frozen experiment 1528:23
Measure the heat to melt ice experiment 1982:82-84
Melting ice faster; heat flow and surface area
Melting ice; what is the most efficient substance
for melting ice experiment 1539:64-65
Melting rates of non-floating ice experiment
1534:83-86
Microwave oven; what happens to water and ice
in a microwave oven experiment 1637:29
Model of the mineral ice experiment 1859:7
Road crews use salt on icy roads experiment
1751:107
Shoes; testing shoes for grip on ice experiment
1897:20-21
Slice through ice block that stays in one piece
Surface area effect on the time it takes to melt ice
Water freezing frozen balloon experiment 1606:90
Which is colder: ice or ice cream experiment
1628:30-32
Why ice is slippery experiment 1528:55
108
Melting ice cubes in shade and Sun experiment

1833:141-143
Salt melts ice cubes experiment 1640:21
String lifts ice cube experiment 1972:61
Temperature of melting ice cubes experiments
1833:142
What happens when floating ice cubes touch
ICEBERGS. See also BUOYANCY
Demonstrate position of an iceberg in water
Eliminating dangerous icebergs experiment
1669:35
Floating ice experiment determines percentage of
iceberg that is submerged 1677:9-11
How icebergs float and melt experiment
1917:50-51
Iceberg experiment shows size of iceberg below
water 1596:9
Make an iceberg experiment 1838:9
Melting rates of icebergs in oceans of different
salinity experiment 1534:87-90
Model position of iceberg in water experiment
2054:100-101
ICEBREAKER
Icebreaker rides on ice rather than shoving into it
experiment 1669:12
ICEHOUSES
Build mini-ice-house using sawdust as insulator to
keep ice from melting experiment 1915:19-20
ICICLES
How icicles form experiment 1832:34-36
Make your own icicles experiment 1572:121
ILLUSIONS. See also MAGIC; OPTICAL
ILLUSIONS
INCLINED PLANE. See also SIMPLE MACHINES
INCLINED PLANE; PYRAMIDS
INCLINES
Clinometer to measure incline of land, how to
make 1746:12
INCLINOMETER
Trace lines of Earths magnetic field by constructing
an inclinometer experiment 1864:12-13
INDICATORS. See also CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Acid-base indicator and basic water solutions
experiment 1637:41
Acid-base indicators from fruits and vegetables

Anthocyanin red cabbage indicator, recipe
1849:197-198
Cabbage juice indicator experiment 1820:93
Cabbage juice indicator, how to make and test
chemicals for acid/base 1890:81-83
Cabbage juice litmus paper, how to make and test
foods for acid, base or neutral 1890:83
Carbonated lemonade demonstrate acids and bases
Painting acids and bases on red cabbage brew paper
Red cabbage indicator changes color when added to
acids and alkalis experiment 1710:26-27
Red cabbage indicator identifies pH of different
solutions experiment 1933:28-29
Red cabbage indicator strips, how to make 2001:60
Red cabbage indicator test for acids and bases
Red cabbage indicator tests for acids and bases in
Red cabbage indicator used to tell if household
substances are an acid or base experiment,
chart given 1758:8-9
Red cabbage indicator, how to make 2001:58
Red cabbage indicator, how to make from red
cabbage and water 1548:40-41
Red cabbage juice indicator, how to make
1857:114-115
Red cabbage leaves indicator to identify acids
and bases experiment 1888:60-64
Red cabbage litmus paper, how to make 1953:39
Red cabbage or beet water used as indicator
experiment 1680:28
Red cabbage test for acids and bases experiment
2014:15-18
Red cabbage used to test an acid or base experiment 1934:89-92
Substances tested for acid or base using purple
cabbage indicator experiment 1833:183
Turmeric test for acids and bases experiment
2014:19-21
Turmeric test papers, how to make 1953:197
Why do lemons taste sour experiments with red
cabbage indicator 1857:40-42
INDOOR POLLUTION. See also POLLUTION
INDOOR
INDUCTION. See also ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION; FARADAY, MICHAEL
109
INERTIA. See also NEWTONS FIRST LAW OF

MOTION
Coin falls into jar without touching the coin experiment 1879:68-70
Coin on card over glass demonstrates inertia
1740:54-55
Compare gravity and inertia experiment 1842:255
Demonstrate Newtons law of inertia 1658:31
Experiments to demonstrate inertia 1953:82-88
Inertia zoom ball experiment 2000:9
Investigate forces necessary to move an object
Investigate inertia experiment 1758:43
Law of inertia applied to automobile and seat belt
safety, crash testing experiment 1839:101-106
Magic trick with bowl of water demonstrates
inertia 1719:8-9
Make a stopped ball move experiment 1878:6-7
Move a penny from a stack experiment 1878:4-5
Moving marbles on yardstick demonstrate inertia
and momentum 1640:144-145
Nail balanced on roll of tape falls into jar experiment 1879:71-72
Objects at rest tend to remain at rest experiment
1609:10-11
Rotational inertia and variable affecting it experiment 1839:59-65
Simple direction changes in moving objects experiment 1839:107-114
Toppling tower magic trick demonstrates inertia
1713:18-19
What is inertia experiment 1844:77-78
Why do we have to wear seat belts experiments
1857:78-81
INERTIATRICKS. See also MAGIC
INFECTIONS
Can microbes be spread from one person to another
by a simple handshake experiment 1571:58-60
INFRARED RADIATION
Dark-colored materials absorb visible and infrared light better than light-colored materials
Infrared radiation from an electric heater is another
color of light experiment 1577:62-65
INFUSIONS. See HAY INFUSIONS;
MICROORGANISMSINFUSIONS
INHERITANCE
others 1571:135-137
INK. See also CHROMATOGRAPHY;

INVISIBLE INKS; SECRET WRITING
How detectives tell the difference in inks experiment 1876:134
Separate ink pigments into flower-like color bursts
What color is black ink experiment with chromatography 1562:6-9
What colors are in black ink experiment 1541:6-9
INSECTICIDES
Homemade bug spray, how to make 1760:88
INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS
Grow pitcher plants and Venus flytrap plants
How to grow Venus fly trap plants experiment
1881:unp
INSECTS
Activities about insects for teachers to share with
students 1929:1-88
Art for bugs sake project; create details and
accurate pictures of insects 1869:132-137
Body; model of adult insects three main body
parts experiment 1852:16-29
Bug mobile, patterns given 1929:15-17
Clay model of insects main body parts experiment
2054:52-53
Comparison of creatures captured in sweep net
samples project 1583:30-36
Exoskeleton growth of insect; make papier mache
model to demonstrate 2054:62-63
Fleas; how do fleas hang onto their hosts experiment 1852:44-47
Flies; sticky wet feet let flies walk on the ceiling
Flying; how do insects fly experiment, demonstrate with straw and paper 1855:62-65
Insects decompose leaf litter experiment 1691:9
Mantis flies, how to keep and observe them
2021:62-65
Maze; make a maze to learn the abilities of insects
1775:42
Microbes; insects transport microbes from one
place to another experiment 1570:118-119
Millipedes and centipedes; which moves fastest
Observe bugs experiment 1775:39
Sounds; how do some types of insects make sounds
110
Wet preservation of soft-bodied insects experiment

1583:124-125
INSECTSCOLOR
Colors that attract insects experiment using sugar
and colored plates 1852:38-39
Colors; which colors do insects prefer experiment
1690:25
What colors attract certain insects experiment
1864:58-59
INSECTSDISSECTION
Dissecting an insect project, how to do
1583:126-129
INSECTSFOOD
Attract insects to windowsill garden by planting
flowers rich in nectar 1689:17
Attracting insects to sweetened liquids experiment
1540:28
Foods; what foods do insects like experiment
1758:82
Mouth parts an insect will have by the food that
it eats experiment 1571:127-129
Nectar feeder for insects, how to make 2004:28-29
INSECTSGARDEN PESTS
1569:27-31
INSECTSGROWTH
Do eggs and pupal cases of insects survive freezing experiment 1571:114-117
Exoskeleton of a growing insect demonstration
1852:20-23
External identifying features of adult insects
Life cycle of insect larva under microscope
Pupa; can pupa survive without its cocoon experiment 1571:138-140
INSECTSNETS
Bug net, wire coat hanger, nylon stockings, how
to make 2046:83
Butterfly net; make from gauzy fabric and wire
Collecting net, how to make 1583:35-36
How to make from coat hanger and nylon netting
1603:83-84
Net to catch winged insects, how to make
2040:101-102
Plastic bag net, how to make 1852:4-7
Sounds; what sounds do insects make experiment

1753:22
Teeth; do insects have teeth; demonstrate with
pliers 1855:80-83
Walking; toothpick model to demonstrate how
insects walk experiment 1855:46-49
INSECTSBEHAVIOR
1571:13-15
Test response to strong smell on different animal
parts to see which part of animals body
responds experiment 1571:94-96
Testing response of insects to various colors
and wavelengths of light experiment
1583:36-38
INSECTSBIOCONTROL. See also BIOLOGICAL
CONTROLS
INSECTSCAGES
Cage from milk carton, how to make 1686:31
Insect glass aquarium, how to prepare for insects
1583:62-63
Insect sleeve cage for flying or jumping insects,
how to make 1652:8
INSECTSCAMOUFLAGE
Identify how insects camouflage themselves
INSECTSCOLLECTION AND PRESERVATION. See also BERLESE FUNNEL
Aspirator collects small insects, how to make
1946:19
Beater tray to hold insects from bushes for observation, how to make 1546:62
Bug bottle to hold a bug for observation, how to
do 1757:23
Capture small soil animals from funnel full of
soil experiment 1641:19
Collect insects and other plant eaters by shaking
branches over white sheet 1689:8
Collect insects in Berlese funnel, how to study
and preserve specimens 1583:63-66
Holding jar to observe insects, how to make 1852:7
How to collect and study insects 1633:60-65
Insect aspirator captures insects and other small
organisms, how to make 1583:67-68
Insect catcher to observe insects, how to make
2042:14-15
Making an insect collection project using relaxing,
pinning, labeling, storing etc. 1583:119-125
111
Collect tiny insects in soil experiment 1545:18

Soil insects, how to find and observe 1852:8-11
Soil; discover organisms that live in soil experiment,
Soil; how many and what different kinds of bugs
are in soil experiment 1655:10-11
INSECTSSTICK INSECTS
How to catch and keep stick insects 1653:6-9
Walking sticks; how to collect and keep them
1689:7
Why are walking sticks hard to find; demonstrate
with pipe cleaners 1855:88-91
INSECTSTRAPS
Beetle trap in ground, how to make 2040:96-97
Berlese funnel used to collect and study and preserve specimens 1583:63-66
Berlese funnel used to study small insects, how
to make 1583:63-66
Bug catcher to observe insects on soil surface
Bug pit to catch bugs on the ground, how to make
2025:8-9
Bug trap from glass pickle jar, how to make
1744:65-66
Bug trap from small container set in hole in ground
to catch bugs, how to make 1916:25
Catch flying insect with wire hanger and plastic
bag experiment 1855:14-17
Catch insects with marshmallow trap in plastic
cup experiment 1855:10-13
Funnel trap for flying insects, how to make
1652:7
Insect aspirator captures insects and other small
organisms, how to make 1583:67-68
Jars in ground collect night crawling insects
experiment 1826:29
Pit trap captures small crawling animals during
night or day experiment 1571:4-6
Pit trap to collect small animals experiment, how to
make from wood and glass jar 1546:24-26
Pitfall trap or drop trap, how to make 1652:7
Pitfall trap to catch mini beast ground crawlers,
Pitfall trap to catch small insects and ground
creatures, how to make 1572:45
Pitfall trap used to study daily activity of small
animals project 1583:42-45
Pitfall traps to catch insects, how to make
1664:96
Pitfall traps used to study dispersal and distribution of small animals project 1583:45-47
Sweep net, how to make from wire, stick and pillow

case 1967:76-77
INSECTSNIGHT
Light and white sheet used to collect and observe
night insects experiment 2004:12-13
Night flying insects, how to observe 2003:30
Night insects and animals can be observed in
grapefruit half left on ground overnight
experiment 1546:67
Night insects and moths collected using white
sheet and light experiment 1797:39-40
Sugaring to attract and collect moths and other
nocturnal insects projects 1583:47-49
Trap for nocturnal insects project 1864:47-48
What attracts night-flying insects experiment using
heat, light and heat and light combination
1571:97-99
INSECTSPHEROMONES
Pheromones used by Japanese beetles to attract
other Japanese beetles experiment 1571:2-3
INSECTSPREDATORS
Praying mantis eats other insects experiment
1571:40-42
Predator and prey experiment; who eats who
1954:38
INSECTSPROTECTIVE COLORATION
Color protects insects from predators experiment
2054:66-67
Color; how does color protect insects experiment
1852:52-55
INSECTSREPELLENTS
Baking soda and soap detergent spray to get rid
of insects experiment 1555:35
Garlic spray to keep insects off plants experiment
1555:34
Garlic spray, how to make and apply 1830:49
Get rid of just the pests experiment 1743:31-33
Pest strips to trap flying insects experiment 1555:37
Slug trap experiment, using dry yeast, sugar and
water 1555:36
Soap spray to use on plants infested with insects
experiment 1555:33
Sound waves used to repel insect pests experiment
1936:82
INSECTSSOIL
Berlese funnel exposes soil animals experiment
2041:20-21
Berlese funnel used to trap soil parasites project
1864:45
112
Pooter device catches fast-moving small animals,

how to make 1546:63
Tree-shaking insect trap from bed sheet, how to
do 2025:6-7
INSECTSVIEWERS
Insect viewer, plastic container, magnifying glass,
how to make 2046:33
INSECTSWATER
How do bugs walk on water experiment using
cardboard model 1855:54-57
INSTINCTIVE BEHAVIOR. See ANIMAL
BEHAVIOR
INSTRUMENTS. See MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
INSULATION. See also INSULATORS; WOOL
Animals; how animals keep warm in winter experiment using box of gelatin 1655:22-23
Build mini-ice-house using sawdust as insulator to
keep ice from melting experiment 1915:19-20
Form of insulation most effective for warming
the human body experiment 1539:85-86
How effective insulation is to prevent heat loss
experiment 1528:28
How insulated clothing works in harsh climate of
tundra experiment 1550:39-40
How insulation keeps animals warm experiment
1954:7-13
experiment 1550:161
Insulation can save energy experiment 1787:34-38
experiment 1528:29
R value of different materials experiment
1915:86-88
Which type of insulation (hair, down, feathers or
lard) is best at retaining heat experiment
1571:132-134
INSULATORS
Animals; are fatter animals warmer experiment
1851:69
Animals; color of animals hair or feathers affects
its body temperature experiment 1851:69
Animals; fat layer under the skin keeps an animal
warm experiment 1851:68-69
Blubber under a whales skin keeps the animal
Bottle keeps things cool experiment, two containers,
aluminum foil, ice cubes 1532:79
Clothes; what clothes keep us warmest experiment

1620:111
Design container to keep ice cube from melting
experiment 1770:39
Electrical; difference between electrical conductors
and insulators experiment 1899:57-69
Hair or fur keeps mammals warm experiment
1707:64
Insulated bottle keeps things cool experiment,
how to make 1532:79
Magnetic fields; materials that block or shield
magnetic fields experiment 1863:40-42
Mittens; how do mittens keep hands warm experiment 1840:67-74
Mittens; which one insulates best experiment
1790:79-85
Natural fibers; which keeps you the warmest
experiment 1751:122
1540:75
Test different insulators experiment 1907:45
Test five different materials for the best insulation quality experiment 1897:16-17
Testing air and soil as insulators experiment 1540:65
Towel keeps heat in jar of warm water experiment
1900:67-70
Water loses heat faster through styrofoam or clear
plastic experiment 1987:67-70
Which color insulates the best experiment
1938:26-27
Which cooler is the best insulator experiment
1977:67-68
Which material is the best insulator experiment
1970:155
Which materials insulate the best experiment
1938:27-30
INTELLIGENCE. See also ANIMAL
INTELLIGENCE
INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE
Paper model of date line, how to make and read
2038:72-74
Where does each new day begin experiment
1906:32-34
INTERNET PROJECTS
How thick is a soap bubble experiment 1915:26
INTERTIDAL ECOLOGY
Burrowers and diggers in sand; how to collect
and observe 1812:17
113
Create two kinds of iron using ferrous acetate

Food; magnet used to determine presence of iron in
iron-fortified food experiment 1613:107-117
Food; what kind of iron in cereal experiment using
magnet 1659:21-23
Iron ions used to test for hydrogen peroxide experiment 1672:60-62
Oxidation effect on iron nails experiment
1915:62-63
1577:29-32
Tea used to test for iron in water experiment
1672:57-59
Test objects with a magnet to see if they contain
iron experiment 1878:76-77
IRRIGATION
Shadoof model to bring water from ground experiment 1895:26-27
Watering the fields with model hand pump experiment 1895:24-25
ISOMER PATTERNS
How to demonstrate using paper clips 1953:267
ISOPODS
Adding isopods (pill bugs, roly-poly, sow bugs)
to a terrarium experiment 1641:33-41
Isopod races using sow bug and pill bug experiment 1641:39
ISOPODS. See also PILLBUGS; SOW BUGS;
WOOD LICE; ROLY-POLYS

sand 1812:11
Diorama of seashore; rocks plants and shore animals,
how to do 1812:32
INTERTIDAL ECOLOGY. See MARSHES;
SEASHORES; TIDAL POOLS
INTESTINES. See also HUMAN BODY
INVERTEBRATES. See also BRINE SHRIMP;
EARTHWORMS
Regeneration of single planarian gives two new
planarians experiment 1571:120-121
INVESTIGATIONSSCIENCE EXPERIMENTS.
See also SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS
INVISIBLE INKS
Four recipes for invisible inks experiment
1670:83-86
Invisible ink from milk or lemon juice experiment
1879:98-99
Secret pictures using lemon juice experiment
2022:46
INVISIBLE WRITING. See also INVISIBLE INKS;
SECRET WRITING
IODINE. See also STARCH
IONS
Change a solution of ions into a solid experiment
1676:22-25
Model to illustrate the ionization energy of an atom
1610:89-92
IRON. See also MINERALS; RUST
Comparing magnetic properties of iron and rust
experiment 1936:17
114
&
JACKSON, SHIRLEY
2002:37-48
JAPANESE BEETLES
How to catch and keep Japanese beetles 1653:90-93
JELLYFISH
Motion of floating jellyfish, make model to demonstrate 1784:48
Play with script, about jellyfish looking for home
in ocean 1784:58-62
JEMISON, MAE DR.
Gravity is serious business experiment; relationship between distance object falls and speed
of that object 1869:138-143
JET ENGINES
Backward-moving stream of air drives aircraft
through the sky experiment 1532:20-21
1558:42-43
Portable fan becomes aircraft engine experiment
1532:20-21
Vertical take off and landing (VTOL) aircraft
JET PLANES
When was the first jet airplane flown experiment
1905:16-18
J
JET PROPULSION. See also NEWTONS THIRD
LAW OF MOTION; ROCKETS
Make jet balloons from straws, balloons and rubber
bands 1744:69-71
Rocket balloon demonstrates what happen to air
under pressure experiment 1753:6
Torpedo fish model, make from plastic bottle and
rubber bands 1896:16-17
JETS. See also AERONAUTICS; AIRCRAFT
JETS; HEROS ENGINE; TURBOJET
ENGINE
Jet-prop planes; model demonstrates how they
worked experiment 2030:42-44
Turbine experiment, make from aluminum pie
plate, dowel and thread spool 2043:47
JOURNALS
Accordion fold nature journal, paper, cardboard,
making 1572:29-30
JUNGLE TERRARIUM
Water vapor condenses on plastic surface placed
over plant experiment 1944:15
JUPITER. See also PLANETS
115
&
KALEIDOSCOPES
Barrels and other bodies, how to select 1703:28-29
Chemical kaleidoscope from milk, detergent,
food colors experiment 1637:39
Corner reflector from three mirrors sends light
back parallel to its original path experiment
1578:25-29
Double vision kaleidoscope, how to make
1703:80-81
How to make a kaleidoscope 1562:14-17
How to make kaleidoscope from cardboard,
aluminum foil and glitter 1831:68-69
Kaleidoscope, how to make 1629:38-40
Kaleidoscope; how to make 1608:61-62
Lenses and eye pieces, materials to use 1703:24-25
Make from cardboard, foil and cellophane
1657:7-9
Make from milk carton, mirrors and plastic wrap
1890:97-98
Make from stiff cardboard, foil and colored shapes
1837:36-37
Make kaleidoscope experiment 2014:56-58
Make kaleidoscope from cardboard, mirrors and
plastic wrap to demonstrate light reflection
1541:14-17
Make kaleidoscope from cardboard, reflective
silver wrapping and wood pieces, how to do
1966:26-27
Mirror systems, materials to use 1703:10-20
Multi-system kaleidoscope, how to make
1703:78
Place yourself inside kaleidoscope for hundreds
of images of yourself experiment, how to
make 1578:51-53
Reflections are multiplied in simple kaleidoscope,
how to make 1753:70
Stuff to choose for object chamber to create
beautiful images 1703:32-40
Taleidoscope kaleidoscope, how to make; black
tube, microscope slides, plastic wrap
1537:114-115
Use light to create kaleidoscope patterns experiment 1562:14-17
KALEIDOSCOPESPROJECTS
Bamboozle scope, how to make 1703:106-107
K
Batteries not included scope, how to make 1703:79
Big quad taper with cylinder scope, how to make
1703:85
Bug face scope, how to make 1703:98-99
Double vision scope, how to make 1703:80-81
Duck in play scope, how to make 1703:111
Freewheeling scope, how to make 1703:82-83
Fuzzy worms scope, how to make 1703:67
Heres looking at you kid scope, how to make
1703:111
Macaroni chandala scope, how to make 1703:89-91
Marble-ous chorus line scope, how to make
1703:101-102
Multi-system observatory scope, how to make
1703:78
Plentiful pie scope, how to make 1703:92-95
Plumbers fantasy scope, how to make 1703:103
PVC-oozy scope, how to make 1703:107-110
Quadruple taper with dancing balls scope, how to
make 1703:84
Rainbow mailer scope, how to make 1703:96-97
Scope neckline scope, how to make 1703:70-71
Simple teleidoscope, how to make 1703:67
Tapered kaleid-oat-scope, how to make 1703:88
Tubular brass scope, how to make 1703:102
Tumbling spiral scope, how to make 1703:65
Twirling club sandwich scope, how to make
1703:74
Whirling doiles scope, how to make 1703:75
KAZOO. See also MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
KELP
Model of kelp, how to build 1848:12-13
KELVIN SCALE. See THERMOMETERS
KIDNEYS. See also HUMAN BODY
KILNS
Simple primitive kiln, how to make and use
1599:79-81
KINETIC ENERGY. See also ENERGY
Button spinner demonstrates energy change from
potential energy to kinetic energy experiment
1753:38
Cars with springs that bump experiment
1990:56-59
116
Darda car on loop-the-loop track demonstrates

kinetic energy and centripetal force experiment 1839:141-151
Device changes kinetic energy to potential energy
experiment 1758:46
Kinetic puppet, how to make from string, cardboard and paints 1560:14-15
Measure kinetic energy with ramp and toy car
experiment 1907:8-9
Paint pendulum experiment using yogurt cup,
metal skewer and string 1560:8-10
Push-n-go toys demonstrate potential energy
becoming kinetic energy experiment
1839:123-132
Relationship between speed and stopping distance
on roller blades experiment 1567:14-16
Two objects with the same shape and mass may
Wind-powered dancer experiment 1560:11-12
KINETOSCOPE
Home movie projector and movies; kinetoscope,
KING, REATHA CLARK DR.
Candle burning bright experiment 1869:120-125
KITCHEN UTENSILS
Gravy skimmer separates oil and water experiment
1977:80-82
KITES
Black Mamba kite, how to make with plastic garbage
bag 1681:28-29
Box kite, how to make with acoustic tiles
1681:26-27
Box kite, mini model, how to make 2030:76-77

Delta star kite, how to make 1681:32-33
Diamond two-stick kite, how to make 1681:22-23
Draculas cloak kite, how to make 1681:18-19
Dynamic lift principle project 1864:195-197
Flat kite, how to make 2043:18-19
Force of wind makes kite move experiment
1613:207
Forces that keep kite in the air experiment
1558:14-15
Hexafringe, 6-sided Greek kite, how to make
1681:35-39
High-flying kite experiment 1630:22-24
Kite experiment based on early work of Mabel
Bell and her husband Alexander 1658:42-45
Line travelers or kite ferries experiment using paper
plate 1959:156-157
Make from straws and plastic bags 1744:75-78
Paper bag kite, how to make 1868:unp
Plastic kite from plastic sheet and wood strips,
how to make 1532:122-123
Ringwing kite, how to make 1681:24-25
Simple kite, how to make 2030:78-80
Sled kite, make from plastic garbage bag, duct tape,
wooden dowels and string 1890:39-40
Superstunter kite, how to make 1681:30-31
Three styles of simple paper kites compared to
ability to move in the wind 1613:207-220
Twin-fin skysled kite, how to make 1681:20-21
KOVALEVSKAYA, SONYA DR.
Sequence in a snowflake experiment 1869:144-151
117
&
LABELS
Read the labels for nutritional information activity
1875:75
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT. See also
EQUIPMENTHOW TO MAKE
LACTIC ACID. See MICROBESBACTERIA;
YOGURT
LADYBUGS. See also INSECTSCAGES
Can ladybugs swim experiment 1778:40
Climbing gym for ladybugs, how to make
1778:12-13
Collecting ladybugs, how to do 1872:10-13
Experiments with aphids and their predators
ladybugs beetles; data sheets given
1652:177-187
Feeding ladybugs, how to do 1872:20-21
Home for ladybugs, how to make 1778:10
Housing for ladybugs, how to make 1872:14-17
How fast can ladybugs climb experiment 1778:39
How to catch and keep ladybugs 1653:18-21
How will ladybugs escape from a jar experiment
1778:39
Keep ladybugs in large jar and record number of
aphids eaten experiment 1643:16
Keeping ladybugs, how to do 1531:45
Net cage for housing and breeding ladybugs, how
to do 1872:16-17
Using beneficial insects to control insect pests
What plants do ladybugs like experiment 1778:36
Which is more effective in controlling aphids, ladybugs or chemicals experiment 1652:187
Which way will ladybugs climb experiment
1778:40
Will ladybugs eat aphids to control population
Will ladybugs fly off a pencil experiment 1778:39
Will ladybugs larvae go to aphids experiment
1778:36
LAENNEC, RENE. See also STETHOSCOPE
LAKES. See also FRESHWATER; PONDS;
STREAMS
Acidity; different kinds of bedrock effect on different kinds of acidity experiment 1550:49-50
L
Cold current differences in temperature move
Duckweed; how to grow duckweed in pond water
experiment 1692:10
Ecology of lake; life in a drop of water experiment
1794:32-33
Tadpoles; how to collect and hatch 1550:165-166
Wind movement of water called surface current
experiment 1752:107
LAND
Agriculture; demonstrate amount of land available
for agriculture experiment 1848:188-190
Dip and direction (strike) of a piece of land experiment 1746:21
Dip; measure angle of dip of a layer experiment
1746:21
Strike; measure the strike of a layer using compass
experiment 1746:21
LANDECOSYSTEM. See also ECOSYSTEMS
LANDEROSION. See also EROSION
LAND BREEZES
Determine cause of land and sea breezes experiment 1850:162-165
1850:155-165
Sand and rice used to demonstrate land and sea
breezes experiment 1528:65
LANDFILLS. See also BIODEGRADABILITY;
GARBAGE; POLLUTION
Disposable cups experiment; how much waste
could be reduced in landfill if cups were
reused 1965:51-53
Graph used to show different kinds of trash in
How different materials change in a landfill
Landfill in a bucket experiment 2025:32-33
Landfill in a jar experiment 2014:198
Which landfill materials are biodegradable experiment 1692:14
118
LANDFORMS
Blue and red Suns experiment to observe heating
temperatures of actual land forms 1534:14-18
Heating and cooling of actual land forms with a red,
green and blue Sun experiment 1534:99-106
Land form shapes on Earths crust, science principles, activities and data sheets 1875:144-147
Pop-up books demonstrate land forms, how to
make 1599:40-44
Regions location and its land forms affect its climate
Ultraviolet Sun and evaporation of moisture from
land forms experiment 1534:10-13
Ultraviolet Sun and heating and cooling of various
LARVAE. See CATERPILLARS; INSECTS
LARYNX. See also HUMAN BODY; VOICE
LASERS
Coherent light source and incoherent light source
Laser beam experiment 1611:75-76
LATENT HEAT
Evaporation and condensation require large amounts
of latent heat experiment 1528:23
LATEX. See also RUBBER
LATITUDE. See also CROSS STAFF
Position of North Star used to determine your
latitude using an astrolabe experiment
1852:27-30
What is your latitude experiment 1904:48-50
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
Difference between the circumference of the
Earth between equator and north and south
poles experiment 1850:40-42
Position of the star Polaris used to determine latitude
of your home experiment 1850:25-29
Where is the prime meridian experiment 1906:35-38
LAUNCHER. See also ROCKETS
LAUNCHERS
Dart launcher experiment 2000:14
LAVA
Make your own miniature lava lite experiment
1699:104-105
LAVOISIER, ANTOINE
1910:109-110
Repeat Lavoisiers experiment measuring percentage of oxygen in air 1637:19
Which iron rusts most quickly and which gains
most weight experiment 1910:111-112
LAW OF UNIFORM ACCELERATION. See
LAWNS
LE CHATELIER PRINCIPLE. See RUBBER
BANDS
LEAD PENCIL. See also PENCILS
LEAF LITTER
Creatures in tree leaf litter and pine tree litter
experiment 1943:29
Decomposers; insects and creatures in dead leaves,
how to collect experiment 2044:51
How many mini beasts can be found in pile of
leaf litter experiment 1689:28
LEAF PRINT. See also LEAVES
LEAF RUBBING
Create design from leaves and plants, how to do
1830:136
How to do leaf and bark rubbings 1551:22-23
How to do leaf rubbings experiment 1864:178-179
Leaf rubbings, how to do 1590:29
LEARNING. See also GERBILS; MAZES
Ability to find food with three pets experiment;
dog, ferret and hamster 1571:10-12
Learning to draw experiment 1725:132-133
Writing with the wrong hand experiment 1725:132
LEATHER
LEAVENING AGENTS. See also BAKING
POWDER; BAKING SODA; YEAST
LEAVES. See also STOMATA
Book; make your own leaf book using leaves,
contact paper, notebook and crayons
(Primary) 1557:54-55
Collage of autumn leaves, how to make 1973:86-87
Falling leaves; what happens to a leaf after it has
fallen experiment 1751:76
Falling; when do leaves fall experiment 1905:89-90
How many leaves on a tree experiment 1593:55
119
Jewelry from leaves, clay, silver, gold powder,

and varnish, how to make 1973:88-89
Leaves of plants give off oxygen experiment
1660:48-50
Light needed for chlorophyll to be made in leaves
Pigments; what stages of color do leaves go through
before turning brown experiment 1751:77
Plant growth; how do leaves affect plant growth
Prints; leaf prints, how to do 1997:42-47
Shapes; leaf shapes and classification, science
principles, activities, data sheets 1875:13-36
Shapes; leaf shapes and patterns, Venn diagrams
1875:23-36
Skeleton of leaf, how to make using washing
soda and water 1546:57
Skeletons; dissolving leaves to get skeleton of
vein structure experiment 1864:79-80
Starch; determine condition required for starch to
form in leaves experiment 1638:75-78
Starch; test for starch in leaves experiment
1638:75-78
Stomata of leaf examined under microscope
Stomata; do all leaves have the same breathing
holes experiment 1876:180
Stomata; find the stomata on leaves experiment
1815:21
Stomata; how leaves put water vapor into the air
experiment 1592:29
Surface area of a typical leaf, how to measure
Transpiration; measure water loss through a leaf
experiment 1546:8
Transpiration; water amount given off by leaves
experiment 1546:8
Veins in leaves, how to observe and compare
Water; how do leaves repel water experiment
1864:176-177
Water; proving that tree leaves are waterproof
What happens to spinach when placed in hot water
LEAVESAIR POLLUTION
Leaf samples checked for air pollution experiment
1739:26
LEAVESCOLLECTION AND PRESERVATION
Cat litter blot drying flowers, how to do
1651:186-187
Drying autumn leaves, how to do 1651:184-185
How to collect and press leaves experiment

2044:19
How to collect, identify and keep leaves experiment
1593:46-50
Leaf collection, how to make and keep 1590:28
Pressing leaves to make permanent leaf collection,
how to do 1934:93-94
Waxed leaves and flowers, how to do 1785:41
LEAVESCOLOR
1637:50
What colors can you see in leaves experiment
1742:22-24
Why do leaves change color demonstration
1820:38-39
Why do leaves change color experiment
2005:10-11
LEAVESPRESSED
Pressing leaves, how to do 1590:29
LEAVESTRANSPIRATION
Demonstrate transpiration with clear plastic bag
placed over leaves experiment 1854:15
How does water move through a leaf experiment
1854:12-15
Leaf in bottle experiment 1953:165
Leaves breathe out water, science principles,
Water evaporation rate from leaves affects water
movement speed through plants experiment
1854:14-15
LEEUWENHOEK, ANTON VAN
Life cycle of insect larva under microscope experiment 1911:109-110
Living things in water seen under microscope
LEFT-HANDED. See HANDEDNESS
LEGOS
Gear up with a Lego heli-tractor experiment
1839:181-185
Levers built from Legos experiment 1839:177-180
LEGUMES
Effect of nitrogen fixer on growth of a legume
How do bacteria help clover plants live experiment 1851:62-63
120
LEMMINGS
How fast do lemmings multiply experiment 1808:29
Lemming tunnel temperature; measure air temperature and temperature in snow experiment
1808:17
LEMONS. See also ACIDS; INVISIBLE INKS;
SECRET WRITING
Aluminum pot shines from boiling water and
lemon juice experiment 1906:47-48
Battery from a lemon experiment 1831:143
Electricity can be produced by a lemon experiment 1844:329-330
Energy flow in lemon battery with compass and
thin copper wire experiment 1537:57-58
Lemon battery causes sensation on your tongue
experiment 1537:57
Lemon battery lights LED light experiment
2053:33-34
Lemon battery lights light bulb experiment
1890:65-66
Lemon battery lights up bulb experiment 1953:42
Lemon battery runs electric clock experiment
1561:8-9
Lemon give you small shock experiment
1879:46-47
Turn a fruit into a battery experiment 1743:42-48
Wet cell battery from lemon experiment 1899:19-22
LENSEYE. See also EYE; HUMAN BODY
LENSES. See also MICROSCOPE; OPTICAL
PROJECTORS; TELESCOPES
Convex lens effect on a image experiment based
on Alhazens writings 2027:14
Convex lens, its images and it focal length experiment 1611:28-31
Convex lenses, images and focal lengths experiment 1988:60-68
Design of lenses reduces glare experiment
1901:61-63
Double convex lens; how does it work experiment
1753:95
Drop of water lens, how to make 1537:106-107
Focal length of lens experiment 1956:31-36
Focal point and focal length of lenses experiment
1728:19
Giant lens experiment creates image that hangs
in mid-air using Fresnel lens 1578:54-60
How are convex and concave lenses different
How convex lenses form images experiment
1915:47-48
How does a lens affect the way light travels

Lens from a drop of water experiment 1844:106
Lenses produce images by refracting light experiment 1612:50
Light through a convex and concave lens experiment 1966:34
Magnifying lens must always be round experiment 1753:98
Microscope; two-lens microscope, how to make
1611:41-43
Model of a convex lens experiment 1612:52-54
Model of overhead projector demonstrates how it
works, how to make 1611:35-36
Model of projector demonstrates how it works,
Model to show how convex lens produces a real
image experiment 1610:131-133
Pinholes and lenses demonstrate light travels in
straight lines experiment 1612:55
Primary science activities with a magnifying
glass 1931:82-85
Telescope from two convex lenses experiment
1611:38-40
Two-dimensional model of concave lens experiment 1610:133-134
Virtual focal point experiment with concave lens
1728:20
Water drop makes things larger experiment
1842:68-69
Water sphere lens experiment with bowl of water
1578:119-122
LENZ, HEINRICH
LEVERS. See also SIMPLE MACHINESLEVERS
LEVITATION
Levitation using static electricity experiment
1839:187-193
LEYDEN JAR. See also ELECTRICITY
STATIC ELECTRICITY
Franklins experiments with Leyden jar, how to
repeat 1586:86-87
How to make a simple Leyden jar 1577:4-5
LICHENS. See also ACID RAIN; AIR POLLUTION
Air pollution effect on lichens experiment
1570:33-34
Do more lichens grow on the north side of the
tree experiment 1550:53-54
121
Examine a lichen for mutualism relationship

How large a lichen can you find experiment
1751:81
Look for different kinds of lichens as a test for
air pollution 1721:25
LIFESAVERS. See also TRIBOLUMINESCENCE
LIFT
Why a boomerang sticks around experiment
(Advanced) 1839:245-250
LIGHT. See also COLOR; MICROSCOPE;
PLANTSLIGHT; SHADOWS;
SPECTRUM
Bronx cheer bulb experiment; light appears to
wiggle and flash when you give it the
Bronx Cheer 1576:25-28
Coherent light source and incoherent light source
Experiments with bouncing light, bending light
1537:108-109
Eyes; easy demonstrations of light and eyes
1924:15,19
Eyes; light does not come out of your eyes experiment 1608:22-24
Eyes; what happens when your eyes receive different images experiment 1576:25-28
Fiber optics; channel beam of light through glass
dish experiment to demonstrate fiber optics
1901:121-124
Flashing lights for dancing stroboscope experiment 1627:6-8
How light travels experiment 1956:8-12
Inverse square law of light; why world gets dark
so fast outside circle of campfire experiment
1578:61-66
Lateral inhibition experiment using cardboard
tubes and light 1576:29-34
Light energy experiment, make magic lantern
from shoe box, cardboard, tissue paper,
batteries, wire and light bulb 1560:27-28
Light from a burning gas experiment using metal
screen placed in flame 1673:54-56
Light from a metal experiment using a Magicube
flashbulb 1674:24-26
Light is waves of particles experiment 1610:137
Light travels in a straight line experiment 1612:11
Light travels in a straight line experiment
1901:57-59
Light travels in a straight line, science principles,

Linear perspective magic trick ghostly tube
Magic trick amazing black box with plants experiment 1714:12-13
Path; what path does light follow experiment
1844:91
Pinhole images and light paths experiment show
light travels in straight lines experiment
1612:12-16
Pinholes and lenses demonstrate light travels in
straight lines experiment 1612:55
Primary science activities with light 1931:70-73
Shadow experiment demonstrates light travels in
Shadows and time experiments 1612:23-24
Speed; mirrors used to find the speed of light
Stars; models of twinkling star light experiment
1612:57-58
1975:180-181
Transparent, opaque and translucent materials
experiment 2033:8
LIGHTCOLORS
1983:30-33
Color affects energy absorbed from light experiment 1844:92-93
Colors and patterns can mix visually on spinning
objects experiment 1613:143-145
experiment 1612:92
Colors of light experiment 1956:19-24
Newtons experiment with a prism; what color is
1612:114-116
Simple activities to demonstrate light and color
1766:4-29
Visible light divided into colors experiment
1901:125-128
122
LIGHTDIFFRACTION
Light can bend around edges experiment; demonstrate diffraction pattern 1578:41-45
Use diffraction grating to view colors of spectrum
LIGHTRAYS
Compare blocked light rays as they pass through
magnifying glass experiment 1901:107-110
How light travels experiment using ray box
1966:8-9
Images of images of images can repeat forever
Light rays are affected by drops of water experiment 1901:87-89
Magnifying lens affects light rays experiment
1753:94
Ray box produces light beam traveling in one
direction, how to make 2028:11-12
Ray box, how to make 1966:7
LIGHTREFLECTED
Images in window glass experiment 1608:15
Kaleidoscope; use light to create kaleidoscope
patterns experiment 1562:14-17
Light and mirrors demonstrates reflected light
1611:17-22
Light reflected in a raindrop experiment 1594:68-70
Magic and ghosts through images in glass experiment 1608:19-23
Model to show what happens to light that strikes
a plane mirror experiment 1610:121-127
Multiple images and reflections in glass experiment 1608:16-17
Outdoor reflections from mirrors and glass experiments 1608:11-14
Reflected light experiment 2045:24-25
Reflected rays of light bounced off different
types of mirrors experiment 1966:22-23
What is reflected light experiment 1844:113-114
LIGHTREFLECTION. See also KALEIDOSCOPES; MIRRORS; PERISCOPES
Angle of light always same angle as light reflected
Angle with which light strikes mirror compared to
angle of reflection experiment 1901:37-41
Bouncing light beams experiment 1608:31-33
Candle appears to be burning under water experiment 1612:35
Color of object depends on color of light reflected

to our eyes experiment 1901:47-51
Colored objects reflect some colors and absorb
the rest experiment 2033:20-21
Compare how different materials reflect light
1578:25-29
Curved mirrors; concave and convex mirrors
Curved, convex and concave mylar mirrors experiment 1608:44-48
Funny images in fun house mirrors experiment
1608:49
Glass objects disappear if you eliminate reflection and refraction by that glass object
How a mirror reflects experiment 1728:13
How can you pour light experiment 1844:123-125
How effective insulation is to prevent heat loss
experiment 1528:28
Image distorted by reflecting light on curved surface
Images on spoons experiment 1608:38-39
Images that are reflected several times experiment
1901:29-32
Kaleidoscope from cardboard, mirrors and plastic
wrap demonstrates light reflection 1541:14-17
Law of reflection experiment 1611:15-16
Law of reflection experiment using tennis ball
1608:30-31
Law of reflection from mirrors experiment
1608:37-40
Light bounces back at matching angle experiment
1837:29
Light goes through brick experiment with mirrors
1837:31
Light ray angles experiment 1608:33-34
Light rays reflect images from mirror experiment
1901:17-19
Magic trick transporting box places one watch in two
places at same time experiment 1714:26-27
Many reflections of object using mirrors experiment 1878:92-93
Materials that are good or bad at reflecting light
experiment 1528:29
Measure angles of incidence and angles of reflection of light beam experiment 1966:18-19
Model to show how mirrors form images experiment 1612:31-32
123
LIGHTREFRACTION
Antigravity illusions and mirages experiment
1608:92-94
Arago white spot experiment, light waves diffracted
1901:75-78
Bend light and observe image produced experiment
with coin in water 1901:83-86
Bend light by passing it through different densities
of air experiment 1901:71-74
Bend light to show how sunlight is made up of many
different colors experiment 1533:14-15
Bending light and sunsets experiment 1528:21
Bending light in liquids experiment 1728:16
Bending light in three liquids, oil, water and alcohol
experiment 2027:8-9
Bending light through liquids experiment
1966:30-31
Bending light through water and plastic experiment
1966:28-29
Bending light with pencil in glass of water experiment 1640:131
Bending light with water and coin experiment
2033:15
Bending light; use water to make light go around
a corner experiment 1677:41-44
Bending the path of light experiments 1612:45-49
Convection currents in water create turbulence
effects that bend light experiment 1577:21-24
Convex lens, its images and it focal length experiment 1611:28-31
Create colors of spectrum with glass of water and
flashlight experiment 1541:18-20
1562:18-20
Different colors of light are bent by water in caves
experiment 1550:123
Diffraction action experiment, bend light around
edges of smooth surface 1901:75-78
Experiment to demonstrate light refraction
1820:78-79
2028:23-24
Glass disappears experiment 1844:101
Glass objects disappear if you eliminate reflection
and refraction by that glass object experiment 1578:46-50
Heat shimmer from rising hot air layer refracts light
passing through it experiment 1528:37
How convex lenses form images experiment
1915:47-48
Multiple reflections reverse the image and invert it

in corner reflector experiment 1578:25-29
Multiple reflections, two mirrors at different angles
Multiple reflections; double reflection in a prism
Multiple reflections; fusing two images into one
Multiple reflections; kaleidoscope experiment
1608:61-62
Multiple reflections; three mirror experiment
1608:59-60
Multiple reflections; two parallel mirrors experiment 1608:58-59
One-way mirror experiment 1608:48-49
Periscope; construct and use periscope experiment
1901:43-46
Prism; breaking light into colors experiment
1608:66-68
Reflect light several times using mirrors experiment 1753:65
Reflected rays form the images you see in mirrors
Reflecting light alters why oceans warm and cool
at different latitudes experiment 1528:21
Reflecting light off a mirror experiment
1878:88-91
Reflection in a plane mirror; changing the path of
Reflections from a lens experiment 1608:50-51
Reflections from several mirrors experiment
1758:56
Reflections in mirror maze experiment 1837:23
Reflections of reflections experiment 1612:40-43
Relationship of angle of light on surface and its
reflection experiment 2028:13-14
Repeating images of an object when mirrors are
placed correctly experiment 1879:38-39
Scatter light and produce colors like the sky
Seeing reflected light experiment 1966:14-15
Spherical reflections experiment with silver
Christmas tree balls 1578:110-113
Thin layer of air trapped between two pieces of
Plexiglas produces rainbow colored interference patterns experiment 1578:12-15
Total internal reflection experiment; finding critical
angle of reflection 1578:30-34
What affects the quality of reflection experiment
1844:110-111
124
How does a lens affect the way light travels experiment 1844:104-105
Light is refracted as it passes through contact between
air and water experiment 1956:13-17
Light rays bend when traveling through water
experiment 1753:66
Light refracted in a raindrop experiment 1594:71-75
Light refracts or bends as it passes through different materials experiment 1901:65-69
Magic trick bending wire experiment 1714:18-19
Model of a convex lens experiment 1612:52-54
Pencil in glass of water appears bent or split experiment 1879:36-37
Pencil in glass of water demonstrates light refraction 1901:79-82
Rays of light experiment 1766:17
Refraction in the atmosphere experiment
1612:56-57
Refraction of light experiments 1758:54
What bends light experiment 1904:127-130
What makes light bend experiment 1844:98-99
When does light bend experiment 1905:11-17
LIGHTWAVES
Earthworms body part most sensitive to light
experiment 1583:87
Earthworms response to different light waves
project 1583:85-87
Polarized experiment; is scattered light from the
sky polarized 1612:84-86
Polarized waves on a rope experiment 1612:80-83
Prism used to see spectrum experiment 1528:36
Rainbow experiment, water, mirror, flashlight
1528:37
Refracting and reflecting light experiment with
raindrops 1528:36
Wavelengths; splitting sunlight into colors experiment 1588:29
LIGHT BULBS. See also BULBSELECTRIC
Comparing light output and power consumption
of different watt bulbs experiment
2045:22-23
Comparing waste heat from bulbs experiment
2045:70-71
Differences between brightness of bulbs from different manufacturers experiment 1539:82-84
LED lights up in complete circuit experiment
2053:59-60
LIGHTNING
Make static electricity to demonstrate lightning
Static detector experiment, make from glass jar

and aluminum foil 1747:11
What causes lightning experiment 1861:64-67
Where does lighting come from experiment
1753:120
LIGHTNING BUGS. See FIREFLIES
LIMESTONE
Acidity; effect of different kinds of bedrock on different kinds of acidity experiment 1550:49-50
Bubbling limestone experiment using piece of
limestone and vinegar 1817:39
Chalk dissolves in vinegar experiment 1660:24
Compare sponge-like qualities of limestone and
other rocks experiment 1550:174
Demonstrate how well limestone holds water
experiment 1550:174
How caves are formed experiment 1624:23-24
Limestone cave formation experiment, plastic
bottle, sand and sugar 1599:88-89
Limestone rock affected by acid rain experiment
using vinegar and chalk 1751:6
Pine trees; can limestone be used to protect pine trees
from acid rain experiment 1539:100-101
1864:87-88
Test for limestone in chalk and sea shells experiment 1953:149-150
Test for limestone in rocks experiment 1953:41
LIMPETS
Limpets leave trails in algae experiment 1752:74
LINES OF FORCE. See also MAGNETIC LINES
OF FORCE
LIPIDS. See FATS AND OILS
LIQUID CRYSTALS
How battery tester works with liquid crystals
LIQUIDS. See also FLUIDS; WATER
Apricot yogurt ice demonstrates water changing from
liquid to a solid experiment 1680:11-13
Banana milk shake demonstrates what is a liquid
experiment 1680:6-7
1840:235-238
Brown color will move from one liquid to another
experiment using oil, iodine and water
1879:92-93
Butane in a lighter is a liquid or a gas experiment
1840:215-219
125

Climbing liquids experiment 1985:88-92
Convection currents in water demonstration
1900:39-42
Convection in a liquid experiment using food
coloring in tank of water 1907:18
Cornstarch and water ooblik experiment 1829:28-29
Dried wheat swells as it soaks up water experiment 1679:10-11
Floating; bottle with oil, water, food colors demonstrates how liquids float 1596:30, 33
Floating; how liquids float experiment using narrow
bottle, oil, alcohol and food colors 1838:30
Floating; how things float in different liquids using
hydrometer experiment 1596:28
Frustration bottles experiment, add liquids to bottles
and observe resulting layers 1840:239-243
Ghee (India Butter) demonstrates filtering experiment 1680:20-21
Goo that seems to be both liquid and solid experiment with cornstarch and water 1879:6-8
Heaping liquids experiment 1985:86-87
Hydrometer measures how things float in different
liquids experiment, how to make 1838:28
Layered liquids experiment 1640:84-85
Layering colored fluids of different densities
Liquid attraction; consistency of a liquid influences
magnetic attraction experiment 1753:92
experiment 1679:8-9
Liquids and heat energy experiment using dried
milk in pasta with cheese sauce experiment
1680:14-16
Liquids that dissolve in liquids experiment
1981:27-28
Lubricants; how lubricants fight friction experiment 1677:21-23
Many layers of liquids in a glass using water, syrup
and cooking oil experiment 1879:20-21
Marbling paper by floating oil paints or inks on
surface of water experiment 1838:34-35
Measuring surface tension experiment 1985:93-96
Measuring surface tension of liquids experiment
1607:26-29
Miscible or immiscible experiment with water, oil,

alcohol and food coloring 2001:84-86
Molecules mix together in liquid experiment
1906:55-56
Oil keeps syrup from sticking to metal experiment 1672:27-28
Polar and non-polar molecules in properties of
water and oil experiment 1677:12-14
Properties of solids and liquids while making
butter experiment 1790:189-195
Salad dressing demonstrates why oil and vinegar
wont mix experiment 1838:32
Shapes of liquids and solids under various conditions experiment 1790:97-10
Solid or liquid experiment 1985:99
Solution; butterscotch sauce demonstrates making
a solution experiment 1680:18-19
1680:8-10
Substances turn from liquid to solid when pressure
is applied experiment 1637:53
Surface tension dissolves between two liquids
Surface tension; effects of surface tension experiment 1758:28
Temperature changes as a liquid is converted into
a solid experiment 1677:37-40
Temperature of liquid affects its viscosity experiment 1851:97
Thixotropy fluid art experiment 2001:130-133
Turning water vapor to liquid experiment 1739:12
Two layers with different colors using cooking
oil, water and food coloring experiment
1879:26-28
Viscosity (thickness) experiment 1985:97-98
Viscosity of different liquids experiment using
marbles 2037:263
Viscosity of other liquids compared to water
experiment 1851:97
Viscosity test for water, cooking oil and alcohol
Viscosity; how does honey flow experiment to
understand viscosity 1568:133-135
Viscosity; what is viscosity experiment
1844:29-30
What happens to liquids as they heated and cooled
Why liquids dont flow at the same rate experiment
1753:51
126
LIQUIDSDENSITY
Compare liquid density of honey, water and
vegetable oil experiment 2001:82
Demonstrate density of liquids experiment
1820:26-27
Density of liquids is different and objects float
and sink at different rates experiment
1970:18
Liquids float and sink due to their density experiment 2036:26
Marbling paper demonstrates liquid density
experiment 2036:27
LIQUIDSIMMISCIBLE
Three immiscible liquids, water, oil and alcohol
have different molecular densities experiment 1864:83-84
LIQUIDSSURFACE TENSION. See also
LISSAJOUS FIGURES
Pendulum moving in two directions creates beautiful designs experiment 1579:45-50
LITMUS PAPER. See INDICATORS
Litmus paper experiment to test for acids and
bases 1953:284-286
LITTER. See also ECOLOGYLITTER
POLLUTION
Disposable cups experiment; how much waste
could be reduced in landfill if cups were
reused 1965:51-53
What is litter project 1842:196
LIZARDS
Can flying dragons (lizards) really fly experiment
1856:49
Observe and record chameleon color changes due
to light, temperature, emotions and state of
health 1645:129
LOBSTERS
Lobster shell filters in filtering wastewater metallic
ions compared to charcoal experiment
1539:68-70
LOCKS
Model safe with combination lock experiment,
how to make 1532:89
LOCKSWATERWAYS. See also CANALS
LODESTONES
Experiment with lodestone or homemade magnet
1683:10-11
Lodestone hunt using compass experiment
1863:19-20
LONGITUDE. See LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
LUBRICANTS
Ball bearing lets object spin easily experiment,
Build device that uses scale to measure friction
on different surfaces experiment 1532:34
How lubricants fight friction experiment
1677:21-23
LUNAR CRATERS. See also MOON
LUNAR ECLIPSES. See ECLIPSES
LUNGS. See also BREATHING; HUMAN BODY;
RESPIRATION
Lung air in balloon experiment, does lung air put out
a flame or make it burn faster 1606:43-45
Model lung with balloon representing lung experiment 1606:70-73
127
&
MACHINES. See also FORCE; SIMPLE MACHINES
Spreader; mini spreader model spreads sugar or
cinnamon, how to make 1887:18-19
Valve; simple one-way balloon valve lets air stay
in balloon as you blow or pump 1532:37
MACHINESFARMS
Archimedes screw, how to make 1711:52
Plow model, how to make 1711:53
MACHINESHOUSEHOLD
Can crusher, how to make 1711:44
Vacuum cleaner, working model, how to make
1711:45
MAGDEBURG SPHERE. See also GUERICKE,
OTTO VON
MAGIC. See also CHEMISTRY TRICKS;
INERTIATRICKS; MAGNET TRICKS;
MATH TRICKS; PAPER CUTTING
TRICKS; PAPER TRICKS
MAGIC TRICKS
Air pressure can be a real crusher experiment
1991:21-22
Balloon in a bottle experiment 1991:13-14
Bloody hand experiment 1991:57
Bottle that will not stop experiment 1991:17-18
Dancing raisins experiment 1991:51
Disappearing glass experiment 1991:86-87
Disappearing ink experiment 1991:65
Flame that jumps experiment 1991:71-72
Floating steel experiment 1991:91-93
Funnel that will not empty experiment 1991:15-16
Genie in a bottle experiment 1991:52-53
Getting a lift with air pressure experiment
1991:19-20
Geyser experiment 1991:23-25
Inverted scene experiment 1991:76-79
Iron to copper experiment 1991:63-64
Magic chemical paper experiment 1991:54-55
Magic mirror experiment 1991:88-90
Magic red to green to red experiment 1991:61-62
Magic yardstick experiment 1991:117-119
Magical bubbles experiment 1991:58
Mysterious pair of balloons experiment
1991:31-32
M
Newton, a card, a marble and a bottle experiment
1991:107-108
Newton, a table, a cloth and a glass of water experiment 1991:107-108
Ping pong ball that defies gravity experiment
1991:26-28
Small force can beat a big force experiment
1991:112-113
Start-again stop-again jar experiment 1991:120-121
Switch and twist experiment 1991:100-102
Turning Aladdins lamp oil into ink experiment
1991:66
Turning words about experiment 1991:83-85
Underwater bulb experiment 1991:96-97
Upside-down pail of water that does not spill
Upside-down shadow experiment 1991:80-82
Voice controlled submarine experiment
1991:29-30
Water on a string experiment 1991:94-95
Water to dragons blood to water experiment
1991:56
Which falls faster, an object projected or dropped
Which falls faster, light or heavy experiment
1991:103-104
Written secrets experiment 1991:67-70
MAGLEV TRAIN
Floating magnets model experiment 1864:158-159
Model magnetic levitation train experiment, how
to build 1532:98-99
MAGNETIC ATTRACTION
Horseshoe magnets are stronger than bar magnets
Magnet attracts small metallic objects experiment
1683:13-14
MAGNETIC COMPASS. See also COMPASS
MAGNETIC FIELDS
Aluminum and steel effect on magnetic fields
Comparing force fields with magnet and pin in
Compass needles follow magnetic field that is
stronger than Earths experiment
1577:9-13
128
Dip needle demonstrates that magnets point north

and down as well 1683:35-37
Electrical current effect on magnetic fields experiment 1899:91-94
Electrical current produced from magnetic fields
to move experiment 1672:47-49
Following paths of magnetic field from one pole
to the other experiment 1899:85-87
Funny face with iron filings and magnets demonstrates magnetic force 1614:20-21
Generate magnetic field using electrical current
Iron filings demonstrate magnetic field 1952:8
Iron filings in bottles of liquids react to magnets
Iron filings in the magnetic field around two bar
magnets experiment 1683:16-18
Iron filings on magnetized bar demonstrate magnetic field lines experiment 1605:15-16
Iron filings show how magnetic fields of two
magnets affect each other experiment
1863:32-33
Iron filings show magnetic field of horseshoe
magnet on light-sensitive paper experiment
1683:20-21
Magnetic Earth experiment using model Earth
and bar magnet 1908:25
Magnetic field around magnet demonstrated
1614:22-23
Magnetic field experiment with iron filings
1844:267-268
Magnetic field makes motor turn experiment
1899:111-114
Magnetic field of Earth demonstrated with
bar magnet, iron filings in jar of oil
1683:34-35
Magnetic field transforms ball bearings into magnets
Magnetic fields can pass through nonmagnetic
materials experiment 1683:18-19
Materials that block or shield magnetic fields
Pictures of magnetic fields using iron filings
1577:29-32
Plotting fields with a compass and iron filings
Re-creating Earths magnetic field experiment

1863:27-28
Repeat Matuyamas experiment with magnetic
fields 1658:52-54
Seeing magnetism experiment 1727:16-17
Tape eraser, electromagnetic tape eraser experiment, how to make 1863:107-109
Two parallel current-carrying wires have magnetic
field that exerts forces on each other experiment 1577:14-17
What are magnetic fields experiment 1904:28-32
MAGNETIC INDUCTION. See
ELECTROMAGNETS
MAGNETIC LINES OF FORCE. See also LINES
OF FORCE
3-D magnetic field experiment using bar magnets and
oil-filled jar with iron filings 1864:146-147
Compass and bar magnet demonstrate properties
of magnetic lines of force 1683:23-25
Iron filings line up parallel to a magnetic field in
Lines of force within a magnetic field experiment
1758:55
Observing magnetic field of magnet with iron filings
on paper experiment 1878:78-79
Trick magnetic lines of force to scatter into unexpected places experiment 1863:42-43
What do magnetic forces look like experiment
1753:85
MAGNETISM. See also COMPASS
Causing magnets to lose magnetism experiment
1899:81-84
Detecting magnetism experiment 1936:43
Ferromagnetism flow chart to determine what
materials stick to magnets experiment
1863:25-26
Flying paper clip experiment 1863:76-78
How magnetism can do work experiment 1844:69
Levitating ladies, floating bar magnets experiment
1863:74-76
Magic trick slithery snake twitches and wriggles
Magnetic domains experiment using iron filings,
magnet and compass 1683:27-29
Magnetic penetration through different materials
Magnetizing process; how to demagnetize and
magnetize experiment 1605:22-23
129
Metal object becomes magnet without having another

magnet touch it experiment 1683:30-31
Needle floats in air due to magnetism experiment
1906:106-107
Opposite ends of bar magnets are attracted to
each other experiment 1683:15-16
Simple activities to demonstrate magnetism
1767:4-29
Water; effect of water on magnetism experiment
2045:7
What is a special property of magnetism experiment
1844:257
What substances can magnetism pass through
MAGNETITE. See also MAGNETS
MAGNETS. See also ELECTROMAGNETS
Attracting and repelling objects with magnets
1579:89-92
Bouncing spring experiment using saltwater, battery,
wire and spring 1864:112-113
Carpenters level bubble moves when magnet placed
near it experiment; liquid is dimagnetic
1683:40-41
Causing magnets to lose magnetism experiment
1899:81-84
Coin tester made with magnets, how to make
1614:14-15
Compass finds hidden magnet in glove demonstration 1614:26-27
Compass made from magnetized needle in bowl
Compass needle affected by magnet experiment
1605:18-19
Current flow affected by magnet moving past a
coil experiment 1936:42
Demagnetizing a magnet by shaking, striking and
heating experiment 1908:18-19
Eddy currents of electricity caused by rapid movement of magnetic field experiment
1683:56-57
Effects of magnets on one another as well as on
different metals experiment 1674:51-54
Ends of bar magnets affect each other experiment
1753:84
Experiments with magnets 1953:180-188
Ferromagnetic flow chart displays items attracted
and not attracted to magnets 1864:154-157
Filter; magnetic filter separates iron particles from
sand and soil experiment 1864:36-37
Floating magnets demonstrate if magnet is permanent and repels another magnet 1614:16-17
Floating magnets model experiment 1864:158-159
Flying butterfly made with magnets, how to make
1614:8-9
Flying paper clip experiment 1863:76-78
Food; magnet used to determine presence of iron in
Hanging bar magnet becomes a compass experiment 1660:92
Heating causes magnet to lose its magnetism
How do materials become magnetized experiment
1844:264-265
How magnet holds drawing on refrigerator experiment 1857:48
Iron rod hit by hammer becomes magnet experiment 1683:37-38
Levitating ladies, floating bar magnets experiment
1863:74-76
Levitation experiments with magnet experiment
1908:9
Like poles repel; unlike poles attract experiment
(Primary) 1543:26-27
Liquid attraction; consistency of a liquid influences
magnetic attraction experiment 1753:92
1863:19-20
Lodestone; experiment with lodestone or homemade
magnet 1683:10-11
Lodestones; find the poles of a lodestone experiment 1844:266
Magnet behavior experiment 1899:69-73
Magnet exerts force on a current-carrying wire
experiment to make an electric motor
1577:80-84
Magnet falls more slowly through a metallic tube
than through a nonmetallic tube experiment
1577:33-36
Magnetic induction experiment; make temporary
and permanent magnets 1908:16-17
Magnetize paper clips; easy experiments
1857:55
Magnetized paper clips experiment 1845:19-20
Magnets act through other matter experiment
1605:16-17
Magnets change the way toy cars act experiment
1839:85-88
Magnets stick to some metals and not to others
Make a magnet and two magnetic compasses
Make and testing magnets experiment 1727:8-9
130
Make magnet experiment 1753:86

Make magnet from iron nail experiment 1672:44-46
Make magnet with electricity from a magnet
experiment 2051:29
Needle magnet, how to make experiment 1683:31-32
Painting with magnets experiment 2022:88
Paper clips become temporarily magnetized
experiment 1753:91
Poles of magnets attract or repel experiment
1660:91
Primary science activities with magnets 1931:78-81
Primary science activities with magnets 1932:5-61
Producing electrical currents from magnets experiment 1899:107-110
Puppet show on shoe box using magnets to move
figures; easy experiment 1857:51
Shielding magnets; testing magnetic shields experiment 1908:14-15
Simple experiments with magnets 1531:26-27
Soil separator experiment, magnet collects ferrite
particles in soil experiment 1863:57-59
Sorcerers Apprentice test for magnets experiment
1863:30-32
Strength and power of magnet experiment
1727:18-19
Strength of different magnets experiment 1640:153
Strength of magnet, how to measure experiment
1908:10-11
Strength; which is more powerful, a bar magnet or
a horseshoe magnet, experiment 1753:90
Stroking magnet makes it stronger, science principles, activities and data sheets 1875:190-195
Strong magnets out of nails experiment
1863:12-14
Substances that are affected by magnets and those
that are not experiment 1640:147
Tape recordings are made using magnets experiment 1683:63-64
Test if metal object is magnetic experiment
1908:8
Theater model with puppets works with magnets
experiment 1908:5
Theft preventer in coin machines experiment
1660:93-94
1975:183-184
Treasure hunt experiment made with sand, steel
bolts and magnets 1614:18-19
Unlike magnets attract; like magnets repel
1640:148-149
What happens when magnets come near each
other, science principles, activities and data
sheets 1875:190-195
What part of magnet is strongest, science principles,

Which magnet is the strongest experiment 1844:255
Why magnets push each other away, experiments
1857:56-59
MAGNETSGAMES
Cars move on cardboard; magnet game experiment
1829:8-9
Charmed snake rises from basket game, making
1683:68-69
Electromagnet Olympics game, how to make
1727:42-43
Figure skater on mirror lake game, how to make
and play 1863:89-92
Fishing game to see what is attracted to a magnet
Fishing game, how to make 1727:22-23
Fishing games made with magnets, how to make
1614:6-7
Gone fishing game, how to make and play
1863:85-86
Gone fishing magnet game, making 1683:70
Grand prix car race game, how to make from
magnets 1727:58-59
Magnetic checkers game, how to make 1863:78-79
Magnetic hockey game, how to make and play
1863:83
Magnetic sculpture game, plastic plate, paper clips,
magnet, making 1683:67
Magnetic tugboats game, how to make and play
1863:92-94
Model car racer game, how to make and play
1863:87-88
Movies in shoe box using magnets and paper cutouts
1640:154-155
Pitching washers game, how to make and play
1863:83-84
Racing game made with magnets, how to make
1614:10-11
MAGNETSTRICKS. See also MAGIC
Flying paper clip trick, how to do 1683:72
Magic trick baffling bee sways and spins experiment
1716:26-27
Magic trick memory island nail experiment
1716:20-21
Magic trick pick the straw trick experiment
1716:22-23
Magic trick powered car moves with magnets
MAGNIFICATION
Magnifying lens affects light rays experiment
1753:94
131
MAGNIFIERS
Distance of object from a lens affects the objects
magnification experiment 1753:100
How does a magnifying lens affect shadows
experiment 1753:99
How to operate a magnifying lens 1775:21
How to use magnifying lens to identify flowers
1588:17
Invert image with magnifying glass experiment
1901:103-105
Jar lens magnifies things easy experiment
2033:17
Magnifying glass holder, milk carton, magnifying glass, how to make 2046:32
Pinhole magnifier experiment; using index card
and lamp with a dim bulb 1578:80-83
Water drop magnifier; how can single drop of
water magnify experiment 1753:97
1578:119-122
Why must a magnifying lens always be round
experiment 1753:98
MAGNIFYING GLASS. See LENSES
MAMMALS
Hair or fur keeps mammals warm experiment
1707:64
MANGO SEEDS
How to grow mango plant experiment 1830:152
MANNED SPACE FLIGHT. See SPACE FLIGHT
MANUFACTURERS
Light bulbs; differences between brightness of
bulbs from different manufacturers experiment 1539:82-84
MAPLE SUGARING
Heartwood to sapwood, how external and
internal parts of tree trunk work project
1729:209-210
How much sap is needed to make gallon of syrup
project 1729:193-194
Maple sugaring process observation project
1729:183-184
Measure circumference of tree and apply rule
which determines number of taps allowed
per tree project 1729:191-192
Number of taps to get maple sugar sap from tree
determined by circumference of tree project
1729:191
Various tools used to boil down sap to syrup
project 1729:197-199
What sugar makers need to consider to help

maple trees produce the most sap project
1729:195-196
MAPS
3-D map, how to make 1634:20-21
3-D model of map, how to make 1949:8-9
3-D viewer to view maps in 3-D, how to do
1634:32-33
Bearing board to measure angles, how to make
1634:35
Calculating distances from scales activities
1824:36-39
Clay map replica of ancient Babylonian clay tablets
project, how to make 1850:17-18
Compass rose used to measure direction of a map
Contour map of undersea mountains, how to construct 1850:110-112
Contour mapping; how to determine elevation on a
topographic map experiment 1850:105-112
Contoured landscape model, how to make
1634:11
Draw to scale, how to do 1634:9
Finding lengths and distances by scale drawing
activities 1824:51-54
Flag map, how to make 1949:31
Food map, how to make 1949:30
Globe project, how to build 1634:22-23
Grid map; how to read and use a grid map experiment 1850:61-66
Grid references activities and games 1824:17-19
Grid used to enlarge a picture experiment
1850:64-66
How to use ancient mapping symbols and techniques project, how to do 1850:13-19
Jigsaw map, how to make 1949:28
Land use map, how to make 1634:19
Legends; how to use a legend when reading a
map experiment 1850:67-73
Linear map, how to make 1949:31
Make a compass in bowl of water with needle
and straw 1824:23
Make your own map from your measurements
1634:36-39
Map a neighborhood park using symbols and a
legend experiment 1850:71-73
Map scale experiment; determining the distance
between two points on the Earth 1850:53-60
Mapping a sphere the Earth experiment; comparing
globes and flat maps 1850:43-51
Measuring tools, how to use 1634:36-38
Mini-trundle wheel for measuring, how to make
1634:41
132
MARS
Erosion effects to understand how Mars surface
became the way it is experiment 1533:6-7
MASS
Comparing mass using a pan balance experiment
1839:15-18
Conservation of angular momentum demonstrated
with rotating stool or chair experiment
1579:55-58
Measuring mass using a pan balance experiment,
data sheet given 1839:19-24
MATERIALS
Activities to demonstrate that materials are solids,
liquids or gases 1768:3-32
Bags of strength, paper, plastic or cotton experiment 2035:9
Easy experiments with materials 2035:3-32
Rubber band and spool demonstrate stretch and
springy materials 2035:10-11
Simple activities for exploring properties of
materials experiment 1995:4-31
Toy tent from wood and plastic experiment
2035:7
MATHEMATICS. See also DIMENSIONS;
GEOMETRY; MEASUREMENT;
STATISTICS; TOPOLOGY; VOLUME
1539:121-125
MATTER
Ability of granules of activated carbon to absorb
or trap molecules experiment 1676:41-44
1676:22-25
Change grape soda to a colorless liquid experiment
using carbon granules 1676:41-44
easier, table salt or sugar 1676:12-14
Convection of gases and liquids experiment
1985:118-121
Density and floating of matter experiment
1985:33-34
Diffusion experiment 1985:80-84
Model meridians (lines of longitude) on globe

Offset survey to make accurate plan activities
1824:55-57
Pirate treasure map, use grid references to find it
activity 1824:16
Pizza with map of the U.S., how to make
1628:14-16
Projections on maps activities 1824:32-35
Projections; planar, conic and cylindrical projections, how to make 1634:26-27
Projects with maps and mazes 1949:3-32
Salt map mixtures for making maps, recipes
1670:11-13
Scale drawing activities 1824:40-43
Scales on maps activities 1824:28-31
Scaling; measuring long distances with maps
Self-folding map, how to make 1599:50-52
Statistical map model, how to make 1634:18
Textured maps, how to make 1949:29
Topographic map showing mountains and valleys,
how to make with clay 1599:48-49
1634:34
Undersea map model in fish tank, how to make
1634:16-17
MARBLE
1864:87-88
MARINE ANIMALS. See also TIDE POOLS;
WATER ANIMALS
Blubber under a whales skin keeps the animal
Fish swim bladder allows fish to move up and down
in the water experiment 1853:194-195
Flatfish; show how an adult flatfish develops
to live on the ocean floor experiment
1853:184-186
MARINE BIOFILMS
MARINE PLANTS
Marine plants are found in the oceans sunlight
zone experiment 1853:170-171
MARKING PENS
Which colored dyes are used in powdered drink mix
and in colored marking pens experiment
1539:77-79
133
MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK

MAYANS
Build bridge to demonstrate ancient Mayan suspension bridge 1658:19-21
MAYFLIES
Mayfly nymphs, how to collect and observe
1752:13
MAZES. See also EARTHWORMS; HAMSTERS;
MICE; PHOTOTROPISM; RATS;
TURTLES
Design a maze, how to make 1949:12-14
Directions to get out of maze activity 1824:8-9
Hamster; build maze to see how long it takes
mouse or hamster to find food experiment
1530:9
Insects; make maze to learn the abilities of insects
1775:42
Potato grows through box maze to reach light
Projects with maps and mazes 1949:3-32
Rats; design maze to study conditioned responses
in rats experiment 1583:116-117
Worms; can worms find their food in a maze
MCCLINTOCK, BARBARA DR.
MEALWORMS
Are mealworms adults attracted to cold or warmth
experiment 1652:195
Body parts of a mealworms, what are they experiment 1852:24-27
Caffeine effect on mealworms development experiment 1583:95-96
Can a beetle walk faster on a slick or rough surface
experiment 1652:196
Care, feeding and study of behavior of mealworms
Do mealworms adults huddle together in dry or
moist container experiment 1652:195
Do mealworms adults like other foods as well as
bran experiment 1652:195-196
Do mealworms larvae prefer light or dark experiment 1652:194
Do mealworms prefer a dark or light substrate
Do mealworms prefer light or dark habitat experiment 2042:21
Effect of temperature on color of liquid crystals in

Electrical conductivity experiment 1985:101-104
Feely balloons used to investigate sense of touch
Making a liquid appear in a chemical reaction
Making liquids disappear and reappear experiment 1985:67-69
Making solids disappear and reappear experiment
1985:60-66
Mass and inertia experiment with eggs 1985:29
Mass and volume together; the density of liquids
and solids experiment 1985:30-32
Measure the mass in matter experiment
1985:25-28
Measure the volume of matter experiment
1985:17-24
Pencil used as part of electric circuit to conduct
2002:37-48
Sense of touch used to explore heat flow and heat
capacities of two different solids experiment
1676:32-33
Silly Putty or funny putty (recipe given) a solid
or a liquid experiment 1754:26
Solid changes to a gas without first changing into
a liquid experiment 1676:9-11
Sound from plain drinking glass versus lead crystal
glass experiment 1676:52-53
Sound-absorbing and sound-reflecting solids
Temperature change that occurs when water is
added to Epsom salt experiment 1676:29-31
Temperature effect on solids, liquids and gases
Thermal (heat) conductivity of solids, liquids and
gases experiment 1985:105-109
Waters strange behavior experiment 1985:116-117
Why salt pours more slowly on humid days experiment 1676:38-40
MATUYAMA, MOTONORI
Repeat Matuyamas experiment with magnetic
fields 1658:52-54
134
MEASUREMENT. See also DISTANCE; HEIGHT

Area and acres experiment 1982:49
Area of a triangle experiment 1982:50
Balance and standard masses experiment
1982:38-40
Bearing board to measure angles, how to make
1634:35
Body parts and ratios experiment 1982:31
Calipers used for measuring experiment, how to
make calipers 1946:11
Circles diameters and circumferences experiment
1982:32
Circles; their diameters, circumferences and areas
to make 1668:7
Comparing standard units of measure experiment
1982:22-23
Cones; their surface areas and volumes experiment
1982:62-66
Converting units within and between measuring
systems experiment 1982:24-26
Cylinders; their areas and volumes experiment
1982:60-61
to make 1668:8-9
Illusions that can be resolved only by measuring
Improving the accuracy of measuring small objects
Indirect measurement of height experiment
1982:102-107
Indirect measurement of thickness experiment
1982:100-101
Measuring large distances on a globe experiment
1982:112-114
Measuring long distances experiment 1982:27-30
Measuring the volumes and surface areas of people
experiment 1982:121
Measuring the volumes of irregular objects experiment 1982:117-120
Measuring volume of water in different size bottles
Measuring wheel from paper plate and ruler, how
to make 1640:11
Metric measurement experiment 1982:20-21
Mini-trundle wheel for measuring, how to make
1634:41
Primary science activities with measuring
1931:20-23
Do mealworms prefer wet or dry habitat experiment 2042:20

Does a chilled beetle move more slowly than a
warm beetle experiment 1652:196
Does food supply affect speed of development of
mealworms larvae experiment 1652:194
Does temperature affect speed of development of
mealworms larvae experiment 1652:192
Exoskeletons discarded by molting mealworms
experiment 1852:23
Experiments to do with mealworms 2025:12-13
Experiments with mealworms and beetles, data
sheets given 1652:189-196
Food preferences of mealworms project
1583:94-97
House and raise mealworms, how to do 2042:6-7
Housing and feeding mealworms, how to do
1852:24-27
How do bodies of pupae and larval stages of
darbling beetle compare experiment
1852:27
How mealworms move experiment 1595:55-61
How mealworms react to light, touch and chemicals
How temperature, food, and moisture affect length
of life cycle of mealworms experiment
1595:55-61
Light and dark effect on development of mealworms
Light attracts mealworms experiment 1800:22
Light; response of darbling beetle pupae to light
experiment 1852:27
Light; response of mealworms to light experiment
1852:27
Molt stages of mealworms experiment 1852:26-27
Observe life cycle of mealworms experiment
1603:85-86
Observe mealworms in container 1581:39-40
Raise mealworms and observe them going through
metamorphosis experiment 2041:24-25
Raising mealworms experiment 1758:83
Raising mealworms, how to do 2025:10-11
Stages of development of darbling beetle experiment 1852:28-31
Temperature effect on length of time for complete
metamorphosis experiment 1852:31
What do mealworms like to eat experiment
2042:22
Where do mealworms like to live experiment
2042:18-19
Which is better at staying on its feet, pill bug or
adult mealworms experiment 1652:196
135
MENSURATION
1823:29-31
1823:26-28
activity 1823:32-36
MERCURY. See also PLANETS
MERIAN, MARIA SIBYLLE
Art for bugs sake project; create details and accurate
pictures of insects 1869:132-137
METAL DETECTORS
Build working metal detector that finds iron or
steel objects experiment 1532:124-125
Metal detector find rust particles in sand experiment 1863:48-50
METALS
Breaking metal experiment with paper clips
1674:15-17
1674:21-23
Corrosion of metal and how it is controlled
Corrosion; pH level most conducive to corrosion
in iron and copper experiment 1539:66-67
Effects of magnets on one another as well as on
different metals experiment 1674:51-54
1674:12-14
Expansion and contraction of metal tube experiment
1577:25-28
Ferromagnetic metals on Earth are a weak magnet
Flame test for different metal samples experiment
1710:23
Fuse; making a fuse experiment to show how a metal
can protect electrical devices 1674:27-30
Hear sound from flow of electrons in lemon battery
Scaling; measuring long distances with maps

Surface area effect on the time it takes to melt ice
1634:34
Working with volumes and surface areas experiment 1982:57-59
Your own measuring system experiment
1982:14-19
MEAT
MEAT PRESERVATION
Salt and sugar prevent or control meat from
spoiling experiment 1570:113-115
MECHANICS
Flowing jets of water from can produces reaction
MEDICINE
Does algae have any medicinal qualities experiment
1569:116-120
MEERKATS
Burrow with tunnels to demonstrate meerkat tunnel
experiment 2008:22
MEGAPHONE
How to make from cardboard and tape 1749:22-23
MEIOFAUNA
Tiny animals live between sand grains from seashore experiment 1795:48
MEMBRANES. See also OSMOSIS
Movement of liquid or substances through membranes experiment 1758:23
MEMORY
Gender identity effects on short-term memory
of varying age children experiment
1539:50-52
Short-term memory experiment 1820:52-53
Test for memory using household items and pictures
MENDEL, GREGOR
Flipping coins chance at work experiment in
genetics 2019:107-111
Looking for traits in pea plants experiment, how
to grow and record results 2019:112-114
2002:117-128
MENDELIAL GENETICS. See also GENETICS
136
Heat of Sun makes metals expand experiment

1528:35
Heat travels along metals experiment 1878:100-102
Heat; how metals conduct or carry heat from one
place to another experiment 1674:9-11
Hot Wheels convertible toy car demonstrates effect
of heat on metal experiment 1840:157-160
Is sound that comes through a metal the same as
sound through the air experiment 1674:42-45
Light from a metal experiment using a Magicube
flashbulb 1674:24-26
1674:18-20
Metal fatigue experiment with paper clips
1674:15-17
Metal is colder to hand than Styrofoam experiment
1577:18-20
Metallic luster on coins or polished metal surfaces
Oxidation effect on iron nails experiment
1915:62-63
1659:76-78
Properties that metals share experiment 1743:95-97
Rare Earth metals (ferrites) from soil samples
project 1864:34-35
Reflection of radio waves from radio using aluminum
foil and newspaper experiment 1674:55-58
Sound from crushing metal aluminum beverage
can experiment 1674:46
Turn nail into an electromagnet experiment
1674:47-50
METAMORPHOSIS. See also BUTTERFLIES;
MOTHS
Raise mealworms and observe them going through
metamorphosis experiment 2041:24-25
METEORITES
Collecting micrometeorites project 1865:57-59
Falling meteorite landing in body of water causes
wave and raises water level experiment
1935:80-81
Find meteorites or cosmic sand at the beach experiment 1959:166-168
Meteorites in your backyard, how to find
1876:169-179
Micrometeorite collecting experiment, magnet sweep
for particles in rainwater 1863:98-101
Why we dont need a meteorite umbrella, science
1875:151-155
METEOROLOGICAL OPTICS. See RAINBOWS;

RAINDROPS; STARS
METEOROLOGY. See WEATHER; WEATHER
FORECASTING
METEORS
Demonstrate why meteors seem to spread out
experiment 1974:33
How meteors enter Earths atmosphere and burn
up experiment 1660:39
Observe a meteor shower, how to do 1533:16-17
Recording a meteor shower experiment 1737:29
METERS
Periods of peak use of electric power in the home
electric meter experiment 1936:70-71
METRIC SYSTEM. See also MEASUREMENT
METRIC
MEXIA, YNES
Botany; pressing flowers experiment
1869:100-105
MICE
Are male and female mice equally aggressive toward
male intruders experiment 2020:43-47
Are mice wall-seekers experiment 2020:1-5
At what age do mice develop a sensitivity to odors
At what age do mice develop the ability to right
themselves when flipped over experiment
2020:84-86
Build maze to see how long it takes mouse or
hamster to find food experiment 1530:9
Do mice prefer tunnels of particular diameter
Do mice prefer tunnels open on one end or two
Does aggression in a male mouse depend upon
the sex of the intruder experiment
2020:48-52
Does mouse development follow the same sequence
of stages experiment 2020:87-90
How does food reward affect a mouses performance
in a complex maze experiment 2020:27-31
How fast can a rodent learn to make the correct turn
consistently to find a food treat in a t-maze
Van Helmonts recipe for mice experiment
1851:67
When does the ability to rope-climb develop in
mice experiment 2020:91-93
Which is more aggressive, a resident or an intruder
137
Will a mouse consistently alternate direction in a

forced-turn maze experiment 2020:22-26
MICROBES. See also BACTERIA; MOLDS;
YEAST
Air conditioners; microbes on dirty air conditioner
filters experiment 1570:31-32
Air; relationship between time of day and microbes
in air experiment 1570:152-153
Antibiotics effect on bacterial growth experiment
1571:144-146
Antibiotics effect on different types of bacteria
Bacteria; find bacteria on your gums that break cells
Biofilm; what can be used to reduce or eliminate
biofilm growth experiment 1570:146-148
Compare potato slices to gelatin and agar as
growth media for microbes experiment
1570:56-58
Comparison of over-the-counter antibiotics experiment 1570:103-105
Cough; how far do you cough your germs experiment 1570:132-134
Crickets; microbial disease in crickets experiment
1570:124-126
Culture; pure culture of a microbe experiment
1570:65-67
Denaturing common proteins affected by temperature experiment 1570:116-117
Dishwashers or detergents get rid of microbes on
eating utensils experiment 1570:120-121
Disinfectants; how good are common household
disinfectants at reducing microbes experiment
1570:109-112
Foods; pH of different foods effect on food spoilage
Freezing effect on crispness of food experiment
1849:193-195
Goldfish; kinds of microbes found on dead goldfish experiment 1570:27-28
Handshake; can microbes be spread from one
person to another by a simple handshake
Importance of washing hands before eating or

cooking experiment 1819:111-112
Insects transport microbes from one place to
Light; microbial communities under different light
conditions experiment 1570:144-145
Microbes used for testing at crime scene project
1888:83-85
Milk; compare microbes in various types of milk
products experiment 1570:44-46
Milk; litmus milk used to classify microbes experiment 1570:79-80
Mold distribution throughout your home experiment 1570:86-87
1570:90-91
1570:95-96
Preservatives control bread mold growth experiment 1570:88-89
Protozoans move to or away from light experiment
1570:92-94
Saliva; microbes in human saliva compared to
dog saliva experiment 1570:24-26
Soil; microbes in different types of soil experiment
1570:142-143
Speed of travel affects microbes experiment
1570:154-155
Spoilage; salt and sugar prevent or control meat
from spoiling experiment 1570:113-115
Sterilization methods experiment; comparing
Pasteur and Tyndalls methods 1570:59-61
Temperature affect on bread mold growth experiment 1849:184-186
Temperature affect on Brownian movement experiment 1570:77-78
Temperature affects growth rate of bacteria experiment 1570:70-73
Test for microbes, bacteria or life-forms in your
environment experiment 1631:38-40
Washing your hands to reduce number of microbes;
best way to do it experiment 1570:18-20
Water; survey of bacteria from different water
What scientists see now (1990s) under microscope versus the 1680s experiment
1570:52-55
1804:66-69
138
Celery stalk colored with red food coloring under

Cheek cells under microscope experiment
2027:46-47
Comic strips under microscope experiment
2027:18-19
Cork slice under microscope experiment
2027:28-29
Egg whites and food coloring under microscope
Elodea plant leaf under microscope experiment
2027:32
Fabric fibers under microscope experiment
2027:63-64
Fingerprints under microscope experiment
2027:58-60
Fish scales under microscope experiment 2027:43
Flower stem under microscope experiment
2027:35-36
Hair sample under microscope experiment
2027:61-62
How to use a microscope and prepare specimens
1725:178
Iodine and saliva effect on starch samples experiment with microscope 2027:66-67
Life cycle of insect larva under microscope experiment 1911:109-110
Living things in water seen under microscope
Microorganisms; watch population of microorganisms grow experiment 1876:180
Molds from bread, fruits, cheeses and onions
under microscope experiment 2027:68-69
Mushroom spores under microscope experiment
2027:72-73
Newspaper letters under microscope experiment
2027:24
Onion slice under microscope experiment
2027:30-31
Plant leaf under microscope experiment 2027:37-38
Sand under microscope experiment 2027:53-54
Sand; does every grain of sand look the same
project 1876:157-169
Sewing thread under microscope experiment
2027:25-26
Small rocks under microscope experiment
2027:55-56
Spider web under microscope experiment 2027:42
Stage micrometer experiment, how to use
2027:20-22
Starch under microscope experiment, compare
shapes of grains of different starches
2027:66-67
Winogradsky columns and microbe communities

Yogurt; microbes used to create yogurt and control taste experiment 1570:47-49
Yogurt; what is yogurt experiment 1804:70-73
MICROBIOLOGY. See MICROBES; MOLDS;
YEAST
MICROCHIPS
How an AND gate works inside a microchip
model 1532:169
MICROCLIMATE
Low level temperature near ground level and in
soil experiment 1528:60
Microclimate beneath the soil, at ground level,
temperature measurement experiment
1528:60
Relative humidity of air below ground level different from air above ground experiment 1528:61
Solar trap experiment; show microclimate is brighter,
drier and warmer than surroundings 1528:61
MICROHABITAT. See also HABITATS
MICROENCAPSULATION
Plastic bubble wrap used to model microencapsulation used in scratch-and-sniff stickers experiment 1840:45-51
MICROORGANISMS. See also ALGAE;
BACTERIA; BRINE SHRIMP; DIATOMS;
EUGLENA; HYDRA; LEECHES;
OSTRACODS; PARAMECIA; MICROBES;
PLANARIANS; SLIME MOLD
Bacteria used to make your own yogurt experiment
1637:60
Microorganisms investigation at crime scene
project 1888:90-91
Observe microorganisms under microscope experiment 1843:100-101
Watch population of microorganisms grow experiment 1876:180
MICROPARTICULATION. See also SIMPLESSE
MICROPHONE
Make microphone that can record your voice
MICROSCOPE
Air pollution measured using Vaseline coated
slides experiment 1876:182
Air samples under microscope experiment
2027:74-75
Bird feather section under microscope experiment
2027:44-45
139
Toothpaste under microscope experiment

2027:48-49
Two-lens microscope, how to make 1611:41-43
Using microscope, how to do 2027:22-23
Water from pond, lake or ditch under microscope
Well slides for microscope, how to make
2027:40
What scientists see now (1990s) under microscope
versus the 1680s experiment 1570:52-55
When was the microscope first used experiment
1905:84-86
2027:70-71
MICROTOME
Microtome, how to make experiment 2027:35-36
MICROWAVE OVENS
Compare microwave energy absorbed by sugar
Microwaves effect on seeds experiment
1540:20-21
What happens to seeds in a microwave oven
What happens to water and ice in a microwave
oven experiment 1637:29
MIGRATION. See also BIRDSMIGRATION
Flight of wild whooping crane shown on topographic
map, how to make 1805:137
MILK. See also BUTTER; CASEIN; CHEESE;
ICE CREAM
Bacteria in a carton of milk experiment
1934:74-76
experiment 1637:62
Glue from milk experiment 2048:37
Glue from milk, vinegar and baking soda experiment
1563:17-20
Litmus milk used to classify microbes experiment
1570:79-80
Microbes in various types of milk products experiment 1570:44-46
Milk fat percentages affect flow of food coloring
in milk experiment 1840:99-104
Milk paint, how to make 2014:93
Mineral; what is the mineral content of milk
Plastic from milk and vinegar experiment
2022:105
Protein; what is the protein content of milk experiment 2048:41-45

MILKWEED
Milkweed seeds, how to collect and grow
1773:90-91
MILKWEED BUGS
Box elder bugs, how to keep and observe them
2021:23-26
Crowding effect on adult milkweed bugs projects
1583:89-93
Feeding preferences of adult milkweed bugs experiment 1583:89-93
How to keep and observe them 2021:19-22
Raising milkweed bugs, how to do 1930:94-95
MILLIPEDES
Collecting wood lice and millipedes, how to do
1874:14-15
Do under log inhabitants avoid millipedes experiment 1652:66-71
Does stinking millipede deter predators experiment
1652:66
Experiment with millipedes; data sheets given
1652:59-71
Feeding wood lice and millipedes, how to do
1874:20-21
Home to keep wood lice and millipedes, how to
make 1874:16-19
How to catch and keep millipedes 1653:36-38
Millipedes need light to find their food experiment
1652:62
Millipedes that eat more, grow bigger and faster
What foods do your millipedes prefer experiment
1652:66
What type of conditions do millipedes prefer
experiment 1652:66
MILLS
grain 1898:30
MINERALS. See also ROCKS AND MINERALS
Atoms and molecules; how do atoms and molecules
arrange themselves in minerals experiment
1851:102-103
Carbonates identified with vinegar test experiment
1859:32-35
Chalk, is it made from gypsum or from calcium
carbonate experiment 1859:32-35
140

experiment 1879:2-3
Cleavage of minerals experiment 2050:84
Cleavage; how do minerals break apart experiment,
make cleavage models 1859:16-19
Difference between rock and mineral experiment
1859:4-7
Egg soaked in vinegar becomes bouncy experiment
1879:4-5
How minerals break apart experiment demonstrates
cleavage and fracture 2054:80-81
How to label a mineral and rock collection
1859:80-83
Mock magnetic mineral experiment, how to make
1859:36-39
Panning for minerals and gold, how to demonstrate
1738:8
Physical properties of minerals tested, science principles, activities, data sheets 1875:130-133
Plant mineral nutrient deficiency symptoms experiment 1638:115-119
Rocks; identifying minerals in rock samples, how
to do 1746:26
Scratch test to determine hardness of mineral
Scratch test to determine hardness of mineral, how
to do 1817:18
Specific gravity of a mineral experiment
1859:28-31
Specific gravity of a mineral in Earths crust experiment 2050:81-86
Streak test to see how different minerals make different colored streaks, how to do 1817:18
Streak test; mineral color and streak experiment
1859:27
Streaks; how do you determine the streak of a
mineral experiment 1859:24-27
Test for hardness of water experiment 1849:46-49
What is the difference between rocks and minerals
MINI CLIMATES. See also ECOSYSTEMS
MINING
Froth floatation used in commercial metal separation experiment 2014:35
MIRAGES
Models of twinkling star light experiment
1612:57-58
See a mirage on the road experiment 1959:100-101

MIRRORS. See also KALEIDOSCOPES;
PERISCOPES
Two-way mirror lets you see your face
with your partners features experiment
1576:50-53
Angle of light always same angle as light reflected
Angle with which light strikes mirror compared to
angle of reflection experiment 1901:37-41
Angles, mirrors and images experiment 2028:14-16
Antigravity illusions and mirages experiment
1608:92-94
Anti-gravity mirror experiment using big plastic
mirror 1576:8-11
Bouncing light beams experiment 1608:31-33
1607:76-77
Color of object depends on color of light reflected
to our eyes experiment 1901:47-51
1578:25-29
Curved mirrors, convex mirrors, concave mirrors
Curved mirrors; concave and convex mirrors
Curved, convex and concave mylar mirrors experiment 1608:44-48
Cylindrical mirror lets you see yourself as other
see you experiment 1578:35-40
Experiments with mirrors 1699:1-20
Fun house curvy mirror, how to make 1890:100
Funny images in fun house mirrors experiment
1608:49
Ghost images experiment 1608:22
Image distorted by reflecting light on curved surface experiment 1901:25-28
Images in window glass experiment 1608:15
Images of images of images can repeat forever
Images on spoons experiment 1608:38-39
Images that are reflected several times experiment
1901:29-32
Law of reflection experiment using tennis ball
1608:30-31
Law of reflection from mirrors experiment
1608:37-40
Light goes through brick experiment with mirrors
1837:31
141
Light ray angles experiment 1608:33-34

Light rays reflect images from mirror experiment
1901:17-19
Light refracted by air, mirrors and vocations experiment 1608:95
Magic and ghosts through images in glass experiment 1608:19-23
Magic trick mirrored box that is both empty and
full experiment 1714:14-15
Many reflections of object using mirrors experiment 1878:92-93
Mirror image experiment 1917:40-41
Mirror images and distance experiment
1608:90-92
Mirror images reversed to see how others see you
Mirror writing experiment 1608:24-25
Mirror writing experiment 2028:16-17
Mirror writing experiment, how to do 1966:21
Mirrors and symmetry experiment 1608:27
Mirrors at right angles experiment 1608:96
Mirrors used to find the speed of light experiment
1608:85-87
Model to show how concave mirror produces a
real image experiment 1610:127-131
Model to show what happens to light that strikes
a plane mirror experiment 1610:121-127
Models of concave and convex mirrors experiment
1612:43-44
Multiple images and reflections in glass experiment
1608:16-17
Multiple reflections, two mirrors at different angles
Multiple reflections; fusing two images into one
Multiple reflections; kaleidoscope experiment
1608:61-62
Multiple reflections; three mirror experiment
1608:59-60
Multiple reflections; two parallel mirrors experiment 1608:58-59
One-way mirror experiment 1608:48-49
Outdoor reflections from mirrors and glass experiments 1608:11-14
Parabolas experiment; its all done with mirrors
1578:76-79
Parallax experiment; distance between mirror
images 1983:25-29
Periscope; construct and use periscope experiment
1901:43-46
Primary science activities with mirrors 1931:86-89
Prism; breaking light into colors experiment

1608:66-68
Prisms, water and mirrors used to create rainbows
Reading signs in a mirror experiment
1608:25-27
Reflected light and the Moon experiment
1608:95-96
Reflected rays form the images you see in mirrors
Reflected rays of light bounced off different types
of mirrors experiment 1966:22-23
Reflecting light off a mirror experiment
1878:88-91
Reflections from several mirrors experiment
1758:56
Reflections in mirror maze experiment 1837:23
Reflections in photographs experiment 1608:95
Repeating images of an object when mirrors are
placed correctly experiment 1879:38-39
Spring in front of concave mirror illusion experiment; you can see but cant touch spring
1578:114-118
Testing letters and words in symmetry 1608:27-29
Underwater candle experiment 1608:20-22
Where is the image seen in the mirror experiment
1608:18-19
MISSILES. See ROCKETS
MITCHELL, MARIA
Make your own constellations project 1869:152-161
1586:120-125
2002:141-150
MITOSIS. See CELLULAR REPRODUCTION
MIXTURES. See also EMULSIONS; SOLUTIONS
Are mixtures homogeneous or heterogeneous
experiment using salt, sand, flour, oil, apple
juice, water and oil 1833:99-100
1840:235-238
Chromatography used to separate colors from
inks in water experiment 1710:17
Filtration to separate mud from water experiment
1710:16
experiment 1710:15
142
Bread; grow molds on piece of bread experiment

1655:42-43
Bread; growing bread mold experiment 1816:13
Bread; how does bread become moldy experiment
1934:86-88
Bread; mold grows on bread experiment
1750:24-25
Bread; mold spore on three slices of bread experiment 1546:58
Bread; molds grow on white bread experiment
1603:57
Bread; repeat Pasteurs bread mold experiments
1586:143-145
Bread; speed of growth of mold experiment using
bread and vegetables 1742:56-60
Bread; temperature affect on bread mold growth
Food molds can control growth of different types
of bacteria taken from pet rabbit experiment
1539:129-130
Grow mold on grapefruit experiment
1771:63-68
Grow molds on bread, cheese and jam experiment
1695:14-15
Home; mold distribution throughout your home
Light; does mold grow better in different colors
of light experiment 1876:152-153
Mold grows on leftover food in glass jar experiment 1699:60-62
Molds collected from living areas grow in gelatin
culture experiment 1933:6-7
Molds from bread, fruits, cheeses and onions under
On which foods do molds grow best experiment
1735:35-36
Penicillin; how can you grow the mold penicillin
Spoilage; dehydration and spices protect food
against spoilage experiment 1570:36-38
Vacuum cleaner bags; mold spores in vacuum
cleaner bags experiment 1570:90-91
Vegetables; molds rot a red pepper experiment
1546:8
Watch food decay in clear plastic box experiment
1987:28
What grows mold experiment 1843:48-51
Which grows mold the fastest, fresh grapes or
grape jelly experiment 1598:2-3
Ooblick mixture from cornstarch and water with

hidden footprints 1959:25-27
Sumi Nagashi art experiment; behavior of two
hydrophobic materials, ink and oil on water
1840:189-194
What are mixtures and solutions experiment
1844:16
MOBILES
Hot air rises and moves mobile experiment
1640:94-95
How do artists make mobiles balance experiment
1562:10-13
Mobile demonstrates balance experiment
1668:25
Mobile you make demonstrates balance and principle of levers experiment 1541:10-13
MOBIUS STRIPS
Magic bands with Mobius strips of paper experiment 1717:20-21
Mobius strip, how to make 2054:140-141
Paper magic; the Mobius Strip experiment
1953:32
MODELS
Making models of famous buildings, structures and
airplane using scale drawing 1824:44-47
MOEBIUS STRIPS. See MOBIUS STRIPS
MOHS SCALE
Chart of Mohs scale 1599:114
Hardness scale of minerals, how to make with
equivalents 1746:27
Mohs hardness scale 1842:142
Mohs scale of hardness 1802:32
MOIRE PATTERNS
Overlap materials with repetitive lines to create
moire patterns experiment 1576:74-79
MOISTURE. See also EVAPORATION; HUMIDITY
MOLDS. See also FUNGI; SLIME MOLDS
Air; relationship between time of day and microbes
in air experiment 1570:152-153
Bread and cheese molds compared for color and
shape experiment 1570:42-43
Bread mold experiment 1566:18-20
Bread mold, how to grow experiment 1735:28-29
Bread; do preservatives control bread mold
Bread; grow bread mold experiment 1851:61
143
MOLECULES. See also MATTERPROPERTIES;

POLYMER MOLECULES
Air can be squeezed together or compressed
Balloon on bottle demonstrates what happens to
heated and cooled air experiment 1753:9
1672:33-36
Can wax filled hair curlers store more energy
than solid curler experiment 1672:13
Can you detect the iodine in iodized salt experiment 1672:53-56
Carbon dioxide; molecule model of carbon
dioxide made from clay and toothpicks
1548:28-29
Colors from food colors separated experiment
1906:57-58
Decay process in molecules similar to decay
process in radioactive atoms experiment
1755:112-113
Does top or bottom of wet paper towel dry
quicker experiment 1672:21-22
1679:10-11
Experiments to demonstrate movement of molecules
1953:268-275
Eye; how does your eye respond to changes in light
Food coloring; molecules of food coloring spread
faster through warm water experiment
1548:30-32
Freezing slows molecules and they join together
to make ice crystals experiment
1679:18-20
1672:69-71
Gas; model of gas atoms or molecules in motion
Gas; what is a gas experiment 1678:6-9
Green vegetables become brown when cooked

1672:92-94
1679:24-25
1679:21-22
How big is a molecule experiment 1915:60-62
How can molecules move through solids experiment
1844:28
How can perfume get into a sealed balloon experiment 1844:26-27
How do diet and regular cola differ as they evaporate
How does heat affect wrinkles in clothing experiment 1672:86-89
How does hot water change different plastics
How does plastic bag get stronger as you stretch
How does temperature affect solubility experiment
1844:24-25
How does temperature affect the speed of molecules
How to keep a balloon from popping experiment
1831:103
1672:90-91
Ice cubes; what happens when floating ice cubes
touch experiment 1672:14-15
Iron ions used to test for hydrogen peroxide experiment 1672:60-62
experiment 1679:8-9
Liquids; molecules mix together in liquid experiment 1906:55-56
Measuring strength of a liquids skin experiment
1607:31-33
Minerals; atoms and molecules arrangement in
minerals experiment 1859:8-11
Molecules in frozen popsicle cling together
experiment 1679:6-8
Non polar molecules in bubble gum absorb oil
from miniature oil spill experiment
1603:121-122
1672:27-28
Onion brings tears to your eyes experiment
1672:78-79
144

experiment 1679:6-8
1659:15-17
Salt; molecule model of salt made from clay and
toothpicks 1548:29
Size of molecules experiment with water and oil
1710:9
Slime; make slime from glue and borax experiment
1879:15-18
1829:16-17
Spaces between water molecules experiment
2001:23-24
1680:8-10
1672:57-59
Temperature effect on Brownian movement experiment 1570:77-78
Water molecule model, how to make from clay
and toothpicks 1548:27-28
Water; can molecules of water jump, science principles, activities, data sheets 1875:100-103
Water; molecular properties of water, science principles, activities, data sheets 1875:104-109
Water; molecules in water are held together and
attracted to other water molecules experiment
1878:40-41
1672:16-18
What happens to water and ice in a microwave
oven experiment 1637:29
What happens when grapes are placed in water
and sugar water experiment 1672:66-68
Why ice pops are softer than ice experiment
1849:102-104
MOMENTUM
Changes in linear momentum as mass of projectile
car is varied experiment (Advanced)
1839:213-218
1579:55-58
How atoms collide experiment demonstrates

momentum 1820:72-73
How does a moving bicycle help you balance
Momentum: a product of force times mass experiment 2045:14-15
Moving marbles on yardstick demonstrate inertia
and momentum 1640:144-145
Pool table game with checkers demonstrates
collision 1748:42-43
MOMENTUMANGULAR
Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum
demonstrated with whirling stopper experiment (Advanced) 1839:227-231
MONEY
Paper money contains small amounts of magnetic
metals experiment 1659:73-75
MONUMENTS
How do monuments become worn away project
1876:137-144
MOON. See also ECLIPSES
Craters made from dropping rocks into moist dirt
Craters; how did the Moon get its craters, science
1875:151-155
Craters; how were the craters formed experiment
1737:15
Creating a moonscape, how to do 1935:34-35
Diameter; calculate the diameter of the Moon
Does a full Moon always rise and set in the same
place experiment 1988:25-27
Eclipse of Moon demonstration using black paper
Geometric model to measure diameter of Moon
project 1610:51-52
1915:26-28
Gravitational center of orbits experiment 1864:145
How can the Moon block the Suns light experiment 2054:36-37
Lunar eclipse demonstrated with flashlight, ping
pong ball and balloon 1554:18-20
Lunar surface model, how to make from salt dough
Make a Moon chart experiment 1737:17
Model of lunar landscape experiment, make from
plaster of Paris 1974:21
Model of Moon, how to make 2015:40
Model to demonstrate lunar eclipse experiment
1974:20
145
Moon mapping and watching experiment

1915:34-36
Moon planting calendar, how to make 1760:65
Moon shines when light from luminous Sun reflects
off it experiment 1847:11-13
Moon surface; study features with binoculars
experiment 1737:14
Moonlight effect on plant growth experiment
1998:18-19
Newtons discovery that two forces act on Moon
Newtons First Law of Motion experiment with
falling Moon model 1586:66-69
Reflected light and the Moon experiment
1608:95-96
Scale model of Earth and Moon project 1610:55-56
Scale model of the Earth and Moon experiment
1988:43-49
Size of the Moon experiment 1988:40-42
Times of moonrise and moonset change almost
an hour every day observation 1547:30-33
Why we dont need a meteorite umbrella, science
1875:151-155
MOON BUGGY
Model of moon buggy, egg cartons, foil, tape, how
to make 2049:24-26
MOON MONTH
Timing the harvest Moon experiment 1988:28-29
MOON PHASES
Activities to study the Moon, Moon phases and
lunar eclipses 2026:1-24
Model of Moon used to demonstrate phases of
the Moon experiment 2015:40-41
Moon box setup used to recognize and name different phases of the Moon experiment
1864:18-20
Observe phases of the Moon and relationship
between Earth, Moon and Sun experiment
1533:4-5
Phases of the Moon experiment 1737:16
What causes the phases of the Moon experiment
1820:36-37
MOON VEHICLE. See also SPACE VEHICLES
MORSE CODE. See also TELEGRAPH
Alphabet in Morse code, how to use and investigate
1822:51-52
Chart of Morse code 1762:22
Morse alphabet 1584:29
Morse code system 1789:23
Telegraph made from wood block, wire, light bulb,

knife switch, battery; Morse code given
1537:62-64
MORSE, SAMUEL
signals, how to make (Advanced)
1584:28-45
Morse code system 1789:23
Two-way telegraph line, how to do 1584:42-45
MOSQUITOES
Larvae development depends on temperature
Sex ratio of mosquitoes affected by changes in
temperature experiment 1571:108-110
MOSSES. See also SPORES
1854:8-12
Moss and rock garden experiment 1599:74-75
Mosses grow best in shady areas and on north
side of trees experiment 1854:11
Sphagnum moss can absorb 10 times its weight
in water experiment 1799:36-37
MOTHS. See also BUTTERFLIES;
CATERPILLARS
Attract mole moths at night experiment 1751:45
Attract moths at night with sugar water painted
on tree experiment (Primary) 1557:72
Attract moths with a shining sheet experiment
1916:39
Attract night-flying insects experiment using heat,
light and heat and light combination
1571:97-99
Attracting moths at night using white sheet and
lights, how to do 1723:43
Butterfly net for collecting butterflies and moths,
how to make and use 1731:26-27
Collecting and keeping butterflies, moths and
their caterpillars, how to do 1731:20-24
Food mix to attract moths, how to make midnight
moth goop 1572:27
Hatchery for butterflies and moths, cardboard box,
screen, cloth, how to make 1572:25-26
Light trap for attracting moths at night, how to
make 1973:54-55
Mixture to attract moths to trees, how to make
2046:161
Moths are attracted to bright lights experiment
1689:10
146
Paper models dance in plastic box charged by

rubbing with wool cloth experiment
1537:53-54
Sugar water mix to feed butterflies and moths
1731:31
Sugaring to attract and collect moths and other
nocturnal insects projects 1583:47-49
Tent caterpillars, how to catch and keep them
1653:64-67
Trap to catch night-flying moths experiment
1546:69
MOTHSCOCOONS
Caring for pupae, how to do 1731:25
MOTION. See also FORCE; GRAVITY; KINETICS;
NEWTONS FIRST LAW OF MOTION;
NEWTONS SECOND LAW OF MOTION;
NEWTONS THIRD LAW OF MOTION;
PENDULUMS
1579:89-92
1839:33-38
Coin inside balloon makes balloon dance in unusual
ways experiment 1878:26-27
Colliding and moving balls experiment with
straws and marbles 1878:2-3
experiment 1609:89
Crawling animals experiment; observe methods
of crawling and speed of movement
1609:47
Dart gun experiment, factors affecting horizontal
distance traveled by a dart 1839:107-114
Experiments to demonstrate motion
1953:95-102
Inertia zoom ball experiment 2000:9
Law of inertia applied to automobile and seat
belt safety, crash testing experiment
1839:101-106
Magnetic force, reaction force, buoyant force
Motion in a circle experiment 1839:107-114
Nearly elastic collisions experiment 1609:95-97
Newtons cradle experiment 1758:59
1839:123-132

Simple direction changes in moving objects experiment 1839:107-114
Simple experiments to demonstrate motion, force
and energy 1765:3-34
Surfaces increase or decrease friction experiment
1878:11-14
Walking; determining your walking speed experiment 1609:39-40
Wind-up walking toys experiment; which toy is
fastest 1839:115-122
MOTION PICTURES. See also MOVIES;
ZOETROPE
Make a stillie, the opposite of a movie experiment
1959:36-38
Projector; make simple movie projector and
a circular film with 16 still images
1532:136
Wagon wheel illusion using slots on one wheel
and eight images on the other experiment
1532:136-137
MOTOR OILS
How are weights of motor oil different 1876:133
MOTOR VEHICLES. See also AUTOMOBILES
MOTORS
Toy electric motor, how to make 1990:31-33
MOTORSELECTRIC. See also ELECTRIC;
ELECTRIC MOTORS
Electric motor simple experiment, battery, magnet,
wires 2053:48-49
MOUSE. See MICE
MOUNTAIN BIOME
Determine why mountain goats are able to move
sure-footedly on rocky slopes experiment
1848:120-123
MOUNTAINS
3-D model of mountain, how to make 2050:15-21
Alpine plant garden in plastic bowl, how to make
1963:19
Faults made from clay demonstrate how a rift
valley is formed experiment 1738:19
Folds made from clay demonstrate how mountains
are formed experiment 1738:18
Heaving and folding of rock layers experiment
with colored modeling clay 1550:65
How are mountains formed experiment using different colors of modeling clay 1751:79
How do mountains affect yearly rainfall experiment 1842:132
147
Spore pictures from mushrooms, how to do

1864:173
Spore print experiment, how to make 1546:59
Spore prints from mushrooms, how to do
1813:45
MUSIC
How to make music with fish line and a box
Musical science projects and activities
1788:1-96
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. See also SOUNDS
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Bottle pipes; how to make from glass soda bottles
1537:76-77
Castanets; how to make from spoons 1785:14
Chimes from glasses, how to make 1537:74
Chimes; how do chimes make music; easy experiments with musical glasses 1857:92-95
Drum from coffee can and balloon, how to make
1537:75-76
Drums; how to make from tin cans 1785:14-15
Ear harp; how to make 1986:106-107
Ear harp; how to make from pine board, nails,
fishing line 1537:82-83
Flute from plastic pipe, how to make 1532:129
Flute; how to make from bottle 1785:12
Glass musical instrument from drinking glasses
with water experiment 1559:25
Glasses filled with different amounts of water
make music experiment 1878:58-59
Guitar demonstrates pitch of sound and tension
on rubber bands 1839:89-92
Guitar from tin loaf pan and rubber bands, how
to make 1890:93-94
Guitar players need good vibrations experiment;
make simple wood and wire guitar 1565:24-27
Guitar; four string guitar from wood, how to make
1532:130-131
Guitar; how to make from shoe box and rubber
bands 1537:81-82
Guitar; make from box and rubber bands 1785:11
Harmonica; glass harmonica, how to make
1785:13
Hose horn, hose, funnel, rubber faucet connector,
Make mountain demonstration from different

colored plasticine experiment 1963:6
Range of mountains, how to make from modeling
clay 1827:12-13
Slabs of clay demonstrate how mountains are formed
1599:38-39
MOUTHHUMAN. See also HUMAN BODY;
SENSESTASTE
MOVIES. See also MOTION PICTURES
Projector; make simple movie projector and a
circular film with 16 still images 1532:136
MOVING PICTURES
Animation drum or zoetrope turns to produce illusion of moving pictures experiment
1541:24-27
How does animation work experiment; make
zoetrope 1562:24-27
Stroboscope experiment; persistence of vision
pattern given 1576:107-112
MUD
Plaster casts of footprints found in mud, how to
make 1591:29
Testing strength of different kinds of mud bricks
experiment 1894:17
Thumb pot from clay demonstrates characteristics
of mud experiment 1591:28
MUD HUTS
How to make heat-retaining adobe brick experiment 1540:72-73
MULCH
Which type of mulch is best to control weeds and
conserve water experiment 1645:97
MULTIPLICATION. See also MATHEMATICS
MUMMIFICATION
Mummify potatoes experiment 1959:22-24
MUSCLES. See also HUMAN BODYMUSCLES
MUSHROOMS. See also FUNGI; SPORES
How to grow mushrooms 1836:26-27
Inspect mushrooms experiment 1751:83
Is there an easy way to see mushroom spores
Making spore patterns experiment 1893:16
Mushroom spore print, how to make 1916:45
Mushroom spore prints, how to make 1735:40
2027:72-73
148
How does length affect a strings sound experiment

1788:22-23
How does tension affect a strings sound experiment 1788:22
How does thickness affect a strings sound experiment 1788:20-21
Kazoo from paper tube, how to make 1890:92-93
Kazoo; how to make from plastic comb and wax
paper 1537:78-79
Kazoo; make from comb 1785:11
Kazoo; what is a triple-t kazoo, how to make
1844:156
Kettledrum, miniature, how to make 1532:132
Maraca; how to make from melon seeds in small
can 1785:15
Maracas from juice can, cardboard, dried beans,
Musical glasses experiment, how to do 1537:73
Musical science projects and activities 1788:1-96
Pan pipes; how to make from drinking straws,
tape and clay 1537:77
Panpipes, how to make 1986:101-102
Panpipes; how to make from straws 1749:32

Pipes make all kinds of music experiment; how
to make pipe instrument 1565:20-23
Recorder; make from cardboard tube 1749:33
Slide trombone, how to make 1986:103-104
Slide whistle, copper tubing, dowel, how to make
1629:26-28
Stringed instrument demonstrates sound waves
Trombone change its tune experiment; how to
make pipe instrument 1565:20-23
Tubular bells; make from copper pipe, broom
handle and string 1749:37
Whistle from drinking straw, how to make
1890:91-92
Whistle; how to make from two drinking straws
1537:78
Xylophone, wood, dowels, corks, making 1532:133
MYCELIUM. See MOLDS; SPORES
MYSTERY POWDERS
Chemistry used to identify unknown substances
at crime scene project 1888:55-59
149
&
NAPIER, JOHN
Napier rods, how to make and use 1821:18-19
NATURAL FREQUENCY
How to demonstrate with balls on Plexiglas rods
1820:58
NATURAL SELECTION
NATURE DIARIES
Nature diary of things you have seen and found,
NATUREART ACTIVITIES. See also
ANIMALSART ACTIVITIES; PLANTS
ART ACTIVITIES
NAVIGATION
Navigation game to read and draw angles from 0
degrees to 360 degrees, how to do
1550:135-138
NAVIGATION INSTRUMENTS
Artificial horizon instrument, how to make
2030:27-29
Astrolabe direction finder, how to make 1953:156
Quadrant model experiment; device sailors used
to find direction 1974:27
NEGEATIVE GEOTROPISM. See also
GEOTROPISM; PLANTSTROPISMS
NEON
Neon circuit tester bulb lights up when rubbed
against styrofoam cup experiment 1659:64-66
NEON SIGNS
Spark experiment with neon lamp and 6V battery
1673:44-47
NEPTUNE. See also PLANETS
NERVES. See also HUMAN BODY
NESTING FISH. See CICHLIDS
NESTS. See also BIRDSNESTS
NETS
Fishing net to gather seashore specimens, how to
make 1973:64-65
Keep net for watching butterflies, how to make
1973:44-45
Plankton net to catch tiny water creatures, how to

make 1973:56-57
Sweep net, how to make from wire, stick and pillow
case 1967:76-77
NETSINSECTS. See also INSECTSNETS
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY. See HUMAN BODY
BRAIN
NEWTON, SIR ISAAC. See also GRAVITY;
MOTION
Balloon rocket experiment demonstrates Newtons
Laws of Motion 1960:17
Defy gravity experiment using funnels, dowels
and books 1920:115-116
Demonstrate and use gravity using ruler, banana
and apple experiment 1771:9-15
Hero engine, how to make to demonstrate Newtons
Law of Motion 1960:16
Marble moves from one cup to another experiment
1920:113-115
Newtons cradle experiment 1758:59
Newtons discovery that two forces act on Moon
Newtons First Law of Motion experiment with
falling Moon model 1586:66-69
Newtons rings, the color of light experiment
1920:110-111
Paddle wheel like Newton tried experiment
1920:111-113
Rocket fuel from vinegar and baking soda reaction
demonstration Newtons Laws of Motion
1960:18
2002:49-59
NEWTONS FIRST LAW OF MOTION
Basketball and Newtons First Law of Motion
Coin in the cup experiment 1609:12
150
Investigate inertia experiment 1758:43

Motion when no force acts experiment 1609:14-15
Objects at rest tend to remain at rest experiment
1609:10-11
Sports and Newtons First Law of Motion experiments 1989:37-40
NEWTONS LAW OF MOTION
Balloon rocket experiment demonstrates Newtons
Law of Motion 1960:17
Balloon rockets on piece of string experiment
1748:40-41
Rocket fuel from vinegar and baking soda reaction
demonstration Newtons Laws of Motion
1960:18
NEWTONS SECOND LAW OF MOTION
Changes in linear momentum as mass of projectile car is varied experiment (Advanced)
1839:213-218
Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum
demonstrated with whirling stopper experiment (Advanced) 1839:227-231
Speed of ball in spaceship when constant pull
acts on it experiment 1609:17-20
Sports and Newtons Second Law of Motion experiments 1989:41-44
NEWTONS THIRD LAW OF MOTION
Action-reaction rocket experiment 2000:18
Balloon filled with colored water moves through
Delta Dart model airplane, effect of design modification on flight of airplane experiment
(Advanced) 1839:251-256
Develop more thrust in carbon dioxide rocket on
monofilament line experiment 1842:247-248
Experience and observe the Third Law of Motion
by trying movements yourself 1609:27-28
Forces affect rockets performance experiment
1842:245-246
Paddle boat travels forward experiment 2000:24-26
Power a boat with carbon dioxide gas experiment
with vinegar and baking soda 2000:21
Seltzer tablet and water produce carbon dioxide
gas that propels plastic bottle along string
Sports and Newtons Third Law of Motion experiments 1989:45-47
What type of energy is this, an action reaction
NEWTS
How do newts and salamanders hear without
external ears experiment 2054:56-57
NIGHT AND DAY. See also DAY AND NIGHT
NITRATES. See FERTILIZERS; WATER

POLLUTION
NITROGEN FIXATION
Effect of nitrogen fixer on growth of a legume
How do bacteria help clover plants live experiment
1851:62-63
Plants grown in nitrogen poor soil versus plants grown
in nitrogen rich soil experiment 1826:17
NITROGEN OXIDE. See ACID RAIN
NOCTURNAL ANIMALS
Night crawler animals, how to observe nighttime
activity experiment 2003:31
Underwater night animals, how to observe nighttime activity experiment 2003:31
NOETHER, EMMY DR.
Mathematics big ideas experiment; the commutative property of addition 1869:46-53
NOISE
Differences between noise and music experiment
1903:23-25
NOISEPOLLUTION. See also POLLUTION
NOISE
NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID
Corn starch putty used for sense of touch investigations 1790:67-70
Non-Newtonian fluids and slimes, how to make
1670:65-68
Properties of Silly Putty experiments 1840:203-207
NORTH POLE
True North, how to find experiment 1533:24-25
Find variation between geographic north and
magnetic north experiment 1850:75-85
Variation indicator, how to make 1850:75-76
NORTH STAR
Observe and find North star in sky experiment
1547:41-43
Position of North Star determines your latitude
using an astrolabe experiment 1852:27-30
Star tracks; how to photograph experiment
1906:29-31
What keeps the North Star from moving experiment
1904:43-45
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
151
NOSE. See HUMAN BODY; SENSESSMELL

Model of chain reaction using dominoes project
1610:94-95
NUCLEAR POWER
Atomic stations and sticky soap bubbles experiment
1869:112-119
NUCLEATION
NUMBERS. See also EULER, LEONARD;
MATHEMATICS
NUTRITION. See also FOOD
Calorie; burning peanut or almond demonstrates
what a calorie look like 1707:100
Cereal; what kind of iron in cereal experiment
using magnet 1659:21-23
Iron; magnet used to determine presence of iron in

Is raw food more nutritious than cooked food
Model of Food Guide Pyramid, how to make
1849:61-64
Read the labels for nutritional information activity
1875:74
NUTS
Plant nut trees the way squirrels do experiment
1805:50
What is the fruit in nuts experiment 1751:73
NYLON
152
&
OBSERVATION
Ideas to get you observing, thinking, innovating
and inventing 1537:8-19
OCEAN
Activities, research projects and experiments
1834:4-80
Experiment to demonstrate model of Earth without
oceans 1534:40-44
Foam; what causes foam on the ocean experiment
1751:49
Ice; melting rates of non-floating ice experiment
1534:83-86
Icebergs; melting rates of icebergs in oceans of
different salinitys experiment 1534:87-90
Identify and locate the seven continents and four
oceans of the world experiment 1850:177-187
Light; reflecting light alters why oceans warm and
cool at different latitudes experiment 1528:21
Light; what happens to light as you go deeper
and deeper into the ocean experiment using
flashlight and green plastic 1553:15-19
Marine plants are found in the oceans sunlight
zone experiment 1853:170-171
Model of kelp, how to build 1848:12-13
Pressure of water at different depths compared
Pressure; water flowing from holes in milk carton demonstrates pressure on body in ocean
experiment 1553:14
Separate salt from sea water using the Sun experiment 1853:126-127
Stratification of ocean water layers, how to demonstrate experiment 1600:25-26
1975:141-156
Two oceans can contain almost the same amount
of water even if one has larger surface area
Water pressure in action in ocean experiment
1600:27
OCEAN ANIMALS
Activities, research projects and experiments
1834:4-80
Deep sea animals card game, how to make and play
1784:35-37
Marine food web chart, how to display 1601:9-10
Motion of animals, make zoetrope experiment
1784:46-52
Motion of fish in water, make model to demonstrate
1784:49
Motion of floating jellyfish, make model to demonstrate 1784:48
Ocean food chains game, how to make and play
1784:38-41
Play with script, about jellyfish looking for home
in ocean 1784:58-62
Zoetrope; make to see animals in motion, how to do
1784:50-52
OCEAN COLOR
Why large bodies of water have a blue color
OCEAN CURRENTS
Atmosphere temperature differences create movement in ocean experiment 1600:46-47
Causes of ocean currents experiment 1751:47
Climate; effect of water on climate experiment
1850:155-165
Cold current differences in temperature moves
Continents and oceans have different rates of cooling and warming experiment 1528:146
Deep-water ocean currents experiment 1528:133
1528:134
1528:135
1528:134
Monsoon mud fertile soil from flooding experiment
1528:149
model 1528:148
Rotation of Earth affects direction of ocean currents
153
Storms; warm water effect on air movement above

Temperature effect on motion of water experiment
1853:107-110
Warm water currents demonstration 1601:56-58
What causes ocean currents, science principles,
Wind blown ocean currents experiment 1528:131
OCEAN FLOOR
3-D model of features of the ocean floor experiment 1853:53-55
Continents; demonstrate how the continents drifted
apart 1853:9-10
Echo-location used to map the ocean floor project
1864:40-41
Map a side view of model of ocean floor to determine depth and graph data experiment
1853:59-63
Map surface of a simulated ocean floor experiment
1850:101-103
Mapping the ocean floor, how to demonstrate
1952:21-22
Model cross-section of the ocean floor, how to do
1600:36
Model the profile of the ocean floor experiment
2050:135-141
Model the use of sonar to determine ocean depths
Ocean floor mapping experiment, how to determine
the depth of the ocean floor 1850:97-104
Ocean floor model, how to make 1784:8
Sedimentary rock formation on ocean floor experiment 1600:39
OCEAN POLLUTION
Plant growth; effect of motor oil, detergent,
vinegar on plant growth experiment
1601:83-84
Pollutants in the ocean come from land runoff
Run off of pesticides, insecticides, fertilizers into
the ocean experiment 1601:84-86
Water clarity; measure with Secchi disk experiment
1600:29-30
OCEAN SALINITY
Rivers effect on ocean salinity experiment 1851:83
OCEAN SHORELINES. See also SEASHORE;
SHORELINES
OCEAN TIDES. See also TIDES
Model representing high and low tides experiment,
how to make 1853:107-110
Model tide gauge measures sea level and tides
OCEAN WAVES. See also WAVES

Beaches; how do waves affect beaches experiment
1535:60-62
Demonstrate Tsunami wave with 2 blocks of wood
in water 1660:16-17
Headlands; simulate effect of headlands on wave
action experiment 1853:92-94
How water molecules behave in waves experiment
1601:52-53
Motion of a water particle with a wave viewer
Motion of waves, how to demonstrate 1601:53-54
Ocean in a bottle experiment 1603:29
Ocean in bottle experiment 1600:59
Stormy seas in soda bottle experiment 1630:15-16
Surface water moves with each wave experiment
1853:83-85
Wave motion experiment 2045:10-11
Wave projector helps observe properties of waves
Wave viewer, how to make 1853:80-82
What causes waves in ocean, science principles,
What happens when waves constantly hit the
shore experiment 1601:54-56
OCEAN WINDS
Onshore and offshore breezes experiment
1612:94-95
experiment 1752:107
OCEANOGRAPHERS
Map the ocean floor like oceanographers did before
sonar experiment 1601:47-49
OCEANOGRAPHY. See DIVING BELLS;
SEAWATER
Demonstrate how a submarine can be made to
rise experiment 1853:35-37
Method used by early sailors to determine speed
of ships experiment 1853:44-46
ODOMETER
to make 1668:8-9
ODOR EATERS
How carbon filters work in removing dirt and
some odors experiment 1658:65-67
Russian discovery of odor eater chemical experiment 1658:65-67
ODORS. See also SENSESSMELL
154
OIL SPILLS. See also POLLUTIONWATER

Aquatic environment; what is the effect of #6
heating oil on Elodea Densa experiment
1539:98-99
Aquatic surface insects; effect of oil spills on them
Birds; oil spills effect on birds experiment
1853:142-145
Clean up oil spills using different methods experiment 1601:81-82
Clean up small oil spill experiment 1959:154-155
Hard boiled eggs in oil polluted water experiment
1603:114-115
How oil spills can be removed from water experiment 1632:18
Non polar molecules in bubble gum absorb oil from
miniature oil spill experiment 1603:121-122
Seabird; what happens when a seabird gets oil on
its feathers experiment 1601:79-80
OILS AND FATS. See FATS AND OILS
ONIONS
Onion breath experiment 1637:55
1672:78-79
Onion in glass of water grows roots and leaves
experiment 1546:36
Onion used to generate electricity experiment
1760:85
Plant cells in thin film of onion skin experiment
1546:11
Why do onions make you cry experiment
1804:60-62
OOBLECK
Cornstarch and water oobleck, how to make
1933:16-17
OOBLIK
Cornstarch and water ooblik experiment 1829:28-29
OPTICAL FIBERS. See also FIBER OPTICS
Light guide uses total internal reflection to transmit
Optical fiber light guides, how to make 1608:68-73
Plastic tube and water show how an optical fiber
Water as a light guide experiment 1608:69-73
OPTICAL ILLUSIONS. See also ILLUSIONS;
MAGIC
Birdcage magic optical illusion, how to make
1537:118-119
Dragging a circle experiment 1991:48-49
Fascinator machine to test optical effects and illusions, how to make 1887:28-29
Plastic bubble wrap used to model microencapsulation used in scratch-and-sniff stickers

Temperature effect on odors experiment 1540:37
OERSTED, HANS CHRISTIAN. See also
ELECTROMAGNETISM
to move 1672:47-49
When was the galvanometer discovered experiment
1905:106-109
OERSTEDS DISCOVERY
Link between electricity and magnetism experiment
with coils of wire, compass and D cell
1845:24-26
Make a compass and repeat Oersteds discovery
Oersteds discovery experiment, connection between
electricity and magnetism 1605:40-42
Repeat Oersteds discovery that electric current
causes a magnetic field 1683:43-44
OERSTEDS EXPERIMENT
Repeat Oersteds experiment that electricity is closely
connected to magnetism 1665:12-23
Repeat Oersteds experiment with electricity and
compass to make electromagnet 1993:108-110
OIL
Gesners experiment; repeat to compare way different oils burn 1658:38-41
Observe puddle of oil and puddle of water in hot
Sun experiment 1833:28
1672:27-28
Reaction between oil and surface tension experiment 1902:7-10
Water and oil do not mix because their molecules
are not attracted to each other experiment
1677:18-20
1672:16-18
OIL POLLUTION. See OIL SPILLS
OIL RIGS
Models of submersible rig and a semi-submersible
rig used at sea experiment, how to make
1532:69
Oil from rig to refinery experiment 1532:70-71
OIL SLICKS
Birds; oil spilled into water affects swimming birds
experiment 1752:5
Oil slick experiment 1834:18-19
155
Hole in your hand experiment 1991:43-44

Hole in your hand illusion, how to do 1537:119
Illusion puzzle made on computer using M. C.
Eschers techniques 1789:126-127
Illusions that can be resolved only by measuring
Jacques Cousteau in seashells illusion, experiment
1576:66-70
Letter that disappears experiment 1991:38-39
Lost coin that reappears in water experiment
1991:40-42
Magic trick enlarging tunnel illusion 1714:16-17
Make illusions of your own 1612:119-120
Mysterious dye experiment 1991:45-46
Palm of your hand appears to squirm and twist
Parabolas experiment; its all done with mirrors
1578:76-79
Spiral spinner, moving circles and color wheel illusions experiment 1724:16-17
Spring in front of concave mirror illusion experiment; you can see but cant touch spring
1578:114-118
Your experience of the world influences what
you see; lighted-box corners experiment
1576:57-60
Your retaining retina experiment 1991:34-37
OPTICS. See also OPTICAL ILLUSIONS
Blind spot experiment 2028:49-50
Construct stroboscope to observe its effect on
motion experiment 1758:70
Diffraction grating lets you discover colors in
light sources experiment 2028:31-32
2028:23-24
Near point experiment 2028:50-51
Rainbow experiment, water, mirror, flashlight
1528:37
Raindrops; refracting and reflecting light experiment with raindrops 1528:36
OPTICSFIBER. See FIBER OPTICS; OPTICAL
FIBERS
ORANGES. See also SEEDSFRUIT
Start orange plant from seeds experiment 1557:105
ORBITER SPACE SHUTTLE. See also SPACE
SHUTTLE
ORGANIC WASTE. See also COMPOST;
EARTHWORMS
ORIGAMI
1539:121-125
ORION. See also CONSTELLATIONS
ORRERY. See also PLANETARIUM
OSMOSIS
Cell membrane and osmosis in action experiment
with salt solution and onion cell 1725:29
Cell membrane lets small molecules pass through
by osmosis experiment 1725:28
Egg in vinegar demonstrates inward and outward
flow of materials through egg membrane
1864:63
Egg turns into rubbery ball experiment demonstrates how human cells get food 1831:10
Movement of liquid or substances through membranes experiment 1758:23
Potatoes; effect of osmosis on potatoes experiment
1693:27
Sugar egg experiment demonstrates semi-permeable
1864:64
What happens when grapes are placed in water and
sugar water experiment 1672:66-68
OSMOSISPLANTS. See also PLANTS
OSMOSIS
OUTER SPACE
Space city model experiment, how to make from
cardboard box and plastic bottles 1697:8-9
OUTER SPACEEXPLORATION. See SPACE
SCIENCE; SPACE TRAVEL
OVENS. See DRYING AND STERILIZING OVEN
Baking in mud oven, how to do 1664:117
Cooking on hot rocks, how to do 1664:117
Mud oven in ground, how to make 1664:115
Steam pit in ground, how to make 1664:115
OVERPOPULATION. See POPULATION
OWL PELLETS
Bone and skull sorting charts for identifying owl
pellets bones 2032:75-76
Dissecting owl pellets, how to do 1930:48-49
Examine owl pellets experiment 1622:59
Examine owl pellets for animals skulls, bones
and teeth experiment 1546:82-83
156

experiment 1758:15
Candle burns steel wool experiment 1906:104-105
1603:51
Flames; oxygen in air is required for flames to
burn experiment 1673:51-53
Fruit syrup from berry fruits demonstrates plants and
oxygen and carbon dioxide 1678:10-11
Iron and oxygen experiments using steel wool
2014:28-30
Magic trick rising tide in containers experiment
1711:24-25
Photosynthesis; collect oxygen in test tube as product
of photosynthesis experiment 1987:16-20
Pond weeds; oxygen bubbles from pond weeds in
inverted glass of water experiment 1551:10
Rocks; oxygen is present in rocks experiment
1660:75
Rust; oxygen from air combines with iron in steel
wool and moisture to form rust experiment
1673:48-50
OXYGENCARBON DIOXIDE CYCLE
How plants can live without animals experiment
with plant in jar experiment 1848:56-59
OYSTERS
What is inside an oyster shell experiment 1753:20
OZONE LAYER. See also GREENHOUSE
EFFECT
Increased solar radiation effect simulated in
terrariums experiment 1861:27
Model of ozone layer experiment 1660:103-104
Bean plants affected by ultraviolet light from ozone
depletion experiment 1569:96-101
Does short term exposure to ultraviolet light from
ozone depletion affect euglena experiment
1569:86-90
Light; effect of ozone layer on light experiment
1848:166-168
Examine owl pellets to see what owl ate experiment 2003:29

Examining owl pellets experiment 2032:74
How to find and examine owl pellets 2046:80
Inspect owl pellets experiment 1595:43-44
Reconstruct a skeleton from owl pellets experiment
1571:20-22
OWLS
Chart that compares characteristics of four North
American owls 1805:131
Walking straight and balance in the dark experiment
1595:39-42
Why owls need both ears to find direction of food
OXIDATION. See also COMBUSTION; RUST
1674:21-23
Effects of oxidation on iron nails experiment
1915:62-63
How oxygen weathers and weakens structure of
rocks experiment 2054:82-83
1673:48-50
Plants; decay rates of plant matter in a carbon
1534:77-80
Rust or oxidation of nail in salt solution experiment
1906:49-52
Shiny copper pennies from vinegar and salt experiment 1857:43-46
OXIDIZERS
OXYGEN. See also ELECTROLYSIS; WATER
ELECTROLYSIS
Air; how much oxygen in there in air experiment
1915:55-56
Air; oxygen in air, how much is there experiment
1953:220
Air; oxygen in air; how to measure the amount
Air; oxygen in the air experiment using candle
burning under jar 1548:18-20
Air; repeat Lavoisiers experiment measuring
percentage of oxygen in air 1637:19
157
&
PACE. See DISTANCE
PACKAGING
Best way to package an egg experiment 1758:22
Do a packaging survey for unnecessary layers of
wrappings 1691:5
1672:92-94
PAINTING
Sumi Nagashi art experiment; behavior of two
hydrophobic materials, ink and oil on water
1840:189-194
PAINTS
Make paint using red pigment from beets experiment
1754:20
Milk paint, how to make 2014:93
Prehistoric paints, how to make from soil, wood
ashes, lard or shortening 1572:131-132
Recipes for different kinds of paints 1670:33-40
Solvents; how different solvents affect the paint in
paint with water books experiment 1840:87-92
PALEONTOLOGIST
PANGAEA
Pangaea, making, science principles, activities,
PANTOGRAPH
How to make a working model 1851:110-111
Pantograph drawing machine, how to make
1629:22-24
PAPER
Color; characteristic color of recycled cardboard
experiment 1540:38
Bursting point test to find out how strong paper is
1574:25
Rattle test to find out if paper is well made
1574:25
How does a fortune-telling fish work experiment
1840:83-85
Marble paper by floating oil paints or inks on
surface of water experiment 1838:34-35
Marbled paper made from paint, water and starch
1636:37
P
Marbled paper, how to make 1670:171
Marbleized paper, how to make 1640:86-87
Marbling paper using oily paints or inks experiment 1596:34-35
Marbling paper, how to do 1574:23
Multicolored paper, how to make 1670:105
Paper molds from old newspaper and tissue paper
experiment 2022:33
Starch; when does paper contain starch experiment
1905:49-50
Strength of paper magic experiment with glass
jar and paper 1717:24-25
Turn paper back into wood fibers experiment
1644:19
PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY. See also
CHROMATOGRAPHY
PAPER CUTTING TRICKS. See also MAGIC
PAPER MAKING
Aged paper, how to make 1670:166
Bleached paper, how to make 1670:104
Cabbage paper, how to make pulp and press
1933:60-61
Colored paper, how to make 1670:106
Deckled paper, how to make 1670:165
Gelatin sizing for homemade paper, how to do
1537:96-97
Grease proof paper, how to make 1574:25
Homemade paper experiment with newspaper,
blender and screen 1970:162
Homemade paper from bathroom tissue or tissue
paper, how to make 1537:90-91
How to make paper 1953:198-199
How to make paper by hand using pieces of
white cotton and dye 1574:16-17
Make paper from old newspapers using moldand-deckle experiment 1574:18-21
Make paper to demonstrate ancient Chinese paper
making 1658:10-12
Make your own paper experiment 1864:81-82
Make your own paper from scraps using mold
and deckle 1636:90-92
Mold and deckle for homemade paper, how to use
1537:93-95
Paper from grass clippings experiment, how to make
1627:38-40
158
Paper from natural materials, how to make

1670:108
Paper from plants, how to make 1670:107
Paper; make from old newspapers and aluminum
foil squares, how to do 1660:114-116
Potato paper, how to make 1572:122-125
Rag paper, how to make 1670:104
Recycled paper from old newspaper, how to make
1691:21
Recycled paper from scrap paper, how to make
1550:50
Recycled paper from used paper, how to make
1720:23
Recycled paper, how to make 1758:87
Recycled paper, how to make from natural materials
1729:127-129
Recycled paper; traditional mold and deckle and
simple mold and deckle, how to make
1670:100-102
Reuse paper to make new paper experiment
1842:204-205
Rubbing or burnishing homemade paper, how to do
1537:95-96
Sized paper, how to make 1670:105
Starch sizing for homemade paper, how to do
1537:96-97
Toothpaste coating on paper, how to make 1574:25
Watermarked paper, how to make 1670:107
Wax paper coating, how to make 1574:25
Writing paper; make from recycling newspaper
experiment 1637:52
PAPER TOWELS
Chromatography capillarity; how fast can water
move through paper experiment 1801:30-31
1879:32-34
How paper towels soak up water easy experiments
1857:62-65
Is Bounty really better experiment 1915:25
Test different paper towel brands to see which
soaks up the most water easy experiment
1857:65
Water is attracted to wood fibers in paper towels
Which brand of paper towels absorbs the most
Which material soaks up the most liquid experiment
1667:30-31
PAPERMATH MAGIC. See also MAGIC
PAPIER MACHE
Recipes for making papier mache mixtures
1670:14-20
PARACHUTES
Air hold up a parachute easy experiment 1857:10-13
Design of parachute affects drop experiment
1935:38-39
Dynamic lift and air resistance experiment using
whirligigs, parachutes and helicopters
1864:198-199
Jump; when was the first parachute jump made
Jump; where was the first parachute jump made
experiment 1906:4-7
Magic trick egg in parachute experiment
1711:26-27
Make from kerchief, string and old keys
1745:23-24
Paper cup parachute experiment 1831:36
Parachute man demonstrates how parachutes
work experiment 1831:120-121
Paratrooper on parachute experiment, determine
best parachute design 1630:30-32
Shape of an object affects how the object falls
through the air experiment 1753:8
Shapes of parachutes that reduce friction the
most experiment 1878:17-20
Size of parachute affects its fall experiment
1754:77
Terminal velocity experiment 1609:81-83
PARALLEL CIRCUITS. See ELECTRICITY
CIRCUITS
PARAMECIA. See also INFUSORIA; MICROSCOPE; PROTOZOA
Ingestion of food and digestion in paramecium
Model of paramecium, how to make 1856:14-15
1570:95-96
Protozoa move to or away from light experiment
1570:92-94
PARASITOIDS. See WASPS
PARCHMENT
Parchment paper from paper and coffee, how to
make 1785:43
PASCALS LAW. See also AIR PRESSURE;
WATERPRESSURE
159
PASCALS PRINCIPLE
Air pump lifts books experiment 1890:42-43
PASTE
Recipes for several kinds of glues and pastes, how
to make 1670:29-32
PASTEUR, LOUIS
Activities to study life of Louis Pasteur 2031:3-46
Fermentation of yeast and sugar experiment
1819:110-111
Grow your own crystals and examine shapes like
Pasteur did experiment 1819:108-109
Repeat Pasteurs bread mold experiments
1586:143-145
Sterilization methods experiment; comparing Pasteur
and Tyndalls methods 1570:59-61
Sugar crystals (rock candy) experiment 2031:22
PAULING, LINUS
How much vitamin C is in common beverages
PAVLOVS THEORY
Demonstrate stimulus response action using volunteers, cups and pennies 1820:54
PEANUT BUTTER
PEANUTS
How to grow peanut plant experiment 1830:154
How to grow peanuts 1555:93
Will peanut plants grow if they lose their seed
leaves experiment 1742:32-35
PELLETSBIRD. See also BIRDSPELLETS
PENCILS. See also LEAD PENCILS; WRITING
INSTRUMENTS
Pencil; electric pencil, how to make experiment
1659:58-60
PENDULUMS. See also FOUCAULT PENDULUM
PRINCIPLE
Alter the period of a pendulum experiment
1915:75-77
Amplitude of earthquake measured experiment,
how to make pendulum 2029:45-46
1579:89-92
Copper coils become electromagnetic swings

Coupled resonant pendulums experiment; motion
of one affects motion of other 1579:32-35
Dogs head acts like pendulum, how to build
2000:127
Effect of one pendulum on motion of another
pendulum experiment 1579:32-35
Foucault pendulum model, make to demonstrate
relation between Earths rotation and inertia
of free-swinging objects experiment
2050:25-30
Galileos pendulum experiment with string and bolt
2006:110-112
Galileos swing of the pendulum experiment
1586:31-33
Hand pendulum measure Earths seismic motion
Make pendulum in which each swing takes exactly
one second to measure time 1532:90-91
Massive pendulum swings in very large swings
from small forces experiment 1579:68-71
Natural frequency of pendulums experiment
1903:51-54
Paint pendulum experiment using yogurt cup,
metal skewer and string 1560:8-10
Paint pendulum pictures experiment 2022:78
Pendulum motion experiment 2045:8-9
Pendulum moving in two directions creates beautiful designs experiment 1579:45-50
Pendulum with longer string will swing in slower
arcs experiment 1865:42-43
Period of motion of pendulum depends on its
weight, amplitude or length experiment
1539:152-154
Salt pendulum pictures experiment 2022:79
String grandfather clock experiment 1953:68
Super hero model swings back and forth experiment
2000:124-125
Swinging tennis ball demonstrates pendulum
1878:23-25
Weight of pendulum; does it affect time of the
swing experiment 1753:49
What affects a pendulums swing experiment
1788:84-86
What is a plumb line experiment 1753:50
PENICILLIN
Grow the mold penicillin experiment 1851:60-61
Hodgkin, Dorothy; repeat her experiments with
crystal structures and structure of penicillin
1586:217-219
PENS. See also WRITING INSTRUMENTS
160
PEPPERS GHOST
Magic trick underwater candle burns experiment
1714:20-21
PERCEPTION. See also 3-D; ILLUSIONS; VISION
Colored filters decode secret messages experiment
1578:21-24
1576:16-20
PERCOLATION. See also SOILS
PERFUMES. See also COSMETICS
Homemade perfume from plants experiment
1864:61-62
Make your own perfume 1728:86-87
PERIPHERAL VISION. See also VISION
What peripheral differences exist between 20/20
vision and visually impaired experiment
2012:187-194
PERISCOPES
Box periscope from pocket mirrors and poster
board, how to make 1864:38-39
Build a periscope from mirrors and cardboard
tube, how to make 1611:25
Construct and use periscope experiment
1901:43-46
Cracker box and mirror periscope, how to make
1931:14
How does a periscope work experiment
1844:121-122
How to make a periscope 1728:15
How to make from cardboard and mirrors
2016:54-55
How to make from milk carton and mirrors
1639:71
Make a periscope from cardboard box and mirrors,
how to do 1966:24-25
Make a periscope from cardboard, mirrors,
Make from milk carton and mirrors 1537:115-116
Make from milk carton and mirrors 1837:34
Make from milk carton, mirrors and tape
1890:99-100
Milk carton and mirror periscope, how to make
1970:14
Milk carton and pocket mirrors periscope, how to
make 1699:16-17
Periscope, how to make 2028:75-76
PERSISTENCE OF VISION. See also ZOETROPE
Animation drum or zoetrope turns to produce
illusion of moving pictures experiment
1541:24-27

zoetrope 1562:24-27
Magic wand persistence of vision experiment;
see pictures in thin air 1578:72-75
Persistence of vision experiment 1983:21-23
PEST CONTROL
PESTICIDES
Harmful chemical can be drawn into plants we eat
experiment 1632:23
1569:27-31
Run off of pesticides, insecticides, fertilizers into
the ocean experiment 1601:84-86
PESTICIDES. See also INSECTICIDES;
FUNGICIDES; HERBICIDES
PETS
Insect-repelling herbs for pet collar, how to grow
and make collar 1836:37-39
Pets choose between heated and cooled foods
experiment 1540:74
Self-filling water dish for pets experiment demonstrates atmospheric pressure 1864:141-142
Survey of what kind of pet owners like best experiment, how to graph 2039:32-33
PETSBEHAVIOR
Ability to find food with three pets experiment;
dog, ferret and hamster 1571:10-12
pH
Acidity of soil; how to test experiment 1802:35
Corrosion; pH level most conducive to corrosion
in iron and copper experiment 1539:66-67
Different plant species change the pH of nutrient
solution experiment 1638:120-123
Litmus milk used to classify microbes experiment
1570:79-80
Litmus paper experiment to test for acids and bases
1953:284-286
161
Soils; pH test of soils in your community experiment 1603:35

Soils; test soil pH to determine soil fertility along
rivers experiment 1635:34
Spoilage; effect of pH of different foods on food
Tea; changing the pH of tea with milk or lemon
experiment 1540:56
Test papers for acid or base pH made from turmeric
spice experiment 1660:113
Water pH affects various kinds of plankton in aquatic
Why pour baking soda into a swimming pool
PHASES OF MOON. See MOONPHASES
PHENAKISTOSCOPE
Make your own phenakistoscope experiment
1709:58-59
Phenakistoscope used to show how birds move
wings in flight experiment 1558:6-7
PHENOLPHTHALEIN. See also INDICATORS
PHEROMONES. See also ANTS
Ant trails to food source project 1864:51-52
Attract mole moths at night experiment 1751:45
Pheromones used by Japanese beetles to attract
other Japanese beetles experiment 1571:2-3
PHOSPHATES. See also WATERPOLLUTION
Damaging effect of phosphate detergents on
freshwater plant and animal life experiment
1864:163-164
PHOSPHORESCENCE
Investigate two different processes by which
objects glow experiment 1840:161-168
PHOTOCOPIERS
Balloon and talcum powder used to show
how photocopier works experiment
1532:156-157
PHOTOGRAMS. See also PHOTOGRAPHY
How to make photograms experiment 1611:61-62
Photogram, make your own to record an image
1709:2-21
PHOTOGRAPHY. See also CAMERAS; PINHOLE
CAMERA
Develop picture of yourself on an apple experiment
1959:130-132
Produce a simple photographic image experiment
1771:23-28
Sunlight photography using dark colored construction paper 1830:139
Zoom lens focal lengths experiment 1709:40-41
PHOTOPERIODISM. See also PLANTS

PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS. See also PLANTS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Carbon cycle; bottle garden with plants demonstrates carbon cycle experiment 1826:11
Color of light affects growth of algae cells experiment 1570:97-98
Oxygen; collect oxygen in test tube as product of
photosynthesis experiment 1987:16-20
Starch test for photosynthesis experiment 1815:44
Sugar produced during photosynthesis stored as
starch in leaves experiment 1987:21-23
What is photosynthesis experiment 1904:101-104
Why is top of carrot root green experiment
1751:69
PHOTOTROPISM. See also PLANTSTROPISMS
Bean plant climbs through hole in box as it
reaches for light experiment 1546:33
Bean plant grows in shoe box towards light
Does tip of leaf have effect on its positive phototropism experiment using rye grass seeds
1934:44
Leaves on geranium plant turn toward light experiment 1934:42-44
Maze; can plants grow around obstacles or in a
maze experiment 1734:34-35
Maze; how can a plant a maze you experiment
1843:28-29
Phototropism; demonstrate with hanging plant
turned upside down 1602:60-61
Plants always grow toward the Sun experiment
1660:50-52
Plants grow toward light experiment 1603:52
Plants stretch toward the light experiment
1655:32-33
Plants wrapped in sponges tied upside down grow
toward light experiment 1603:53
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS. See SOLAR CELLS
PHYSICAL CHANGES
Changes in length, width and mass of grow creatures
in various salt solutions experiment
1840:221-228
Dissolving of solids is a physical or chemical change
Salt concentration effect on grow creatures experiment 1840:221-228
162
Temperature effect on color of liquid crystals in

PHYSICS
Gravity is serious business experiment; relationship between distance object falls and speed
of that object 1869:138-143
PIAGET. See CONSERVATION OF MASS
PICTOGRAPHS. See GRAPHSPICTOGRAPH
PIGEONS
Observe pigeon courtship behavior in flock experiment 1552:96-102
PIGMENTS. See also CHROMATOGRAPHY;
LEAVES; PAINTS
Balloon stretched with air has lighter color experiment 1753:28
Coffee filter in colored water experiment 2001:25
Coffee filter with candies in water experiment
2001:26-27
Coffee filter with felt tip markers in water experiment 2001:26-27
experiment 1546:51
experiment 1546:51
Leaves; stages of color leaves go through before
turning brown experiment 1751:77
Leaves; yellow and orange pigments in fall leaves
are there all year long experiment 1792:25-26
Paint; make your own paint using red pigment from
beets experiment 1754:20
Pound colors from plants onto fabric, how to do
1970:195
PIGPEN CIPHER. See also SECRET WRITING
PILL BUGS. See also SOW BUGS
Are roly-poly attracted to dampness experiment
1652:20-22
Are roly-poly attracted to darkness experiment
1652:22
Can a roly-poly dig experiment 1779:34
Can a roly-poly go through a maze experiment
1779:34-35
Can roly-poly survive in water experiment 1779:38
Conduct isopod races between pill bug and sow
bug experiment 1641:39
Do pill bugs prefer smooth or irregular surfaces
Do roly-poly like the dark experiment 1779:34
Experiments with roly-poly, data sheet given
1652:17-25
Hotel for roly-poly, how to make 1779:10
How fast can a roly-poly go experiment 1779:31
How to catch and keep roly-poly 1653:32-35

How to raise and keep in plastic container experiment 1651:144-145
Keep wood lice to observe behavior, how to do
1643:28-29
Moisture preferences of sow bugs projects
1583:76-79
Observe sow bugs and record their behavior
1581:23-24
Pill bugs prefer light or dark, wet or dry places
experiment 1722:35
What conditions do wood lice like best experiment
1643:30-31
What dirt do roly-poly like best experiment 1779:36
What type of food do pill bugs like best experiment
1651:146
Which is better at staying on its feet, a pill bug or
an adult mealworms experiment 1652:196
Will a roly-poly seek out an enclosed space when
in a dry or damp environment experiment
1652:23
Will roly-poly bunch to reduce water loss experiment 1652:22-23
PINEAPPLES
How to grow a pineapple plant experiment
1555:101
How to grow pineapple plant experiment 1830:153
How to grow pineapple top experiment 1973:84
How to grow pineapple top indoors experiment
1757:70-73
How to plant and grow a pineapple 1603:46
PINECONES
Cones close during rain and open when sunny
experiment 2005:7
Humidity and heat effect on pine cone seeds
Pine cone mobile, how to make using cones,
thread and glue (Primary) 1557:58
What are the seeds in pine cones experiment
1751:75
Where are the seeds in a pine cone experiment
1854:32-35
PINHOLE CAMERA. See also CAMERAS;
PHOTOGRAPHY
How does a camera see the world experiment
1844:102-103
How to make from a shoe box 1660:18-19
PINWHEELS
Make from cardboard and paper towel tube
1745:29-31
Make from paper and drinking straw, how to do
1868:unp
163
Pinwheel powers windmill model experiment

2000:132-133
What make a pinwheel turn experiment 1831:52
PITCH. See also SOUNDPITCH
PITFALL TRAPS
Bug pit to catch bugs on the ground, how to make
2025:8-9
Pit trap captures small crawling animals during
night or day experiment 1571:4-6
Pitfall trap to catch mini beast ground crawlers,
Pitfall trap to catch small animals, how to make
1643:26-27
Pitfall trap to catch small insects and ground
creatures, how to make 1572:45
Pitfall trap to catch small insects, how to make
1973:29
Pitfall traps used to study daily activity of small
animals projects 1583:42-45
Pitfall traps used to study dispersal and distribution of small animals project 1583:45-47
PLANARIANS
Aquatic planarians, how to keep and observe them
2021:89-93
Collecting and keeping planarians, how to do
1930:36-37
Land planarians, how to keep and observe them
2021:94-97
PLANETARIUM. See also ORRERY
Cereal box planetarium, how to make 2038:48-49
Design and build a planetarium, how to do
1533:20-21
Make planetarium from flashlight and milk carton
experiment (Primary) 1557:67
Miniature planetarium, how to make from potato
chip can 2040:161-162
1627:18-20
Planetarium to view stars, how to make from
shoe box and flashlight 1847:190-192
PLANETS
Activities to study the planets and solar system
2026:56-86
Angle of tilt of planets experiment using clay balls,
toothpicks and protractor 1935:58-59
Binary Sun system experiment shows how differently substances would heat it two Suns
were in sky above planet 1534:23-26
Binary Sun system experiment to observe heating of

Earth by using two model Suns 1534:27-30
Blue and red suns experiment to observe heating
Craters; how craters are formed and the different
Data on planets 1960:4
Distance; how far apart are the planets experiment,
distance chart given 1737:19
Distances; model to show relative distances of
planets from the Sun, how to do 1688:35-50
experiment 2050:35
Gravity makes planets into balls experiment with
modeling clay 1707:37
How long does it take each of the nine planets to
go around the Sun experiment 1935:50-51
Jupiter; model of Jupiters storm surface experiment
1705:23
Jupiter; why Jupiter bulges as it spins experiment
1974:16-17
Mars experiment, test for signs of life, similar to
space probe tests 1705:19
Mars; iron filings in water demonstrate rust on
Mars experiment 1974:17
Mars; recreate effects of erosion to understand how
Mars surface became the way it is experiment
1533:6-7
Mathematical model of universe and planets information 1610:43-47
Mobile of planets made from pompoms, how to do
2049:8-10
Mobile of planets shows relative distance and
size, papier mache, making 1599:11-13
Mobile of planets, patterns given 1835:38-42
Models; papier mache planet models, how to make
1970:213
Observing the planets with binoculars experiment
1737:20-21
Orbits of planets, how to draw 1960:11-12
Path; model demonstrates path of the planets around
the Sun 1850:9-12
Put the planets in order project, how to do
1688:8-15
Red giant Sun experiment; observe simple convection cycle generated by model red Sun
1534:3-6
Rotation of the night sky and of Earth experiment
1533:28-29
Satellite; what keeps a satellite in orbit around a
Saturn; flip the rings on Saturn game, how to make
2049:12-13
164
Scale model of planets, how to make 1960:5-7

Sizes; salad to demonstrate relative sizes of planets
in solar system, how to make 1633:82
Sizes; what do planets look like experiment showing relative sizes of all planets 1737:18
Venus; heating of atmosphere of Venus due to
friction from blowing dust experiment
1534:19-22
Venus; when can you see Venus experiment
1905:34-35
Why are planets so bright in the sky experiment
2054:34-35
PLANKTON
Compare animals and plant life found in ponds and
streams projects 1583:58-62
Water pH affects various kinds of plankton in aquatic
PLANT LICE. See APHIDS
PLANTS. See also ALGAE; FLOWERS; FUNGI;
MOSSES; ROOTS; SEAWEEDS; SEEDS;
SPORES; and Names of Plants
Activities to demonstrate several aspects of plant
life 1769:1-32
1875:61-69
1875:48-69
Primary science activities with plants 1931:90-93
Project ideas with plants 1876:91-92
1975:87-90
PLANTSACID RAIN
1638:62-65
Plants cant grow with vinegar acid water experiment 1750:14-15
PLANTSAIR POLLUTANTS
How do plants respond to air pollution experiment
1742:40-42
Photosynthesis cant take place in polluted air and
plant dies experiment 1603:61
Plant leaves covered by pollutant such as petroleum jelly cans breathe and die experiment
1603:61
PLANTSAUXINS. See also PLANTS
HORMONES
PLANTSBACTERIA
PLANTSCAPILLARY ACTION
Celery and flowers demonstrate water flow up
plant stems experiment 2036:18-19
Celery stalk and food colorings demonstrate how
plants feed themselves experiment 1864:166
Celery stalk in colored water experiment 1970:83
Celery stalk in colored water turns red experiment
1740:28-29
Celery stalks demonstrate upward movement of
water in plant stem experiment 1984:66-68
Celery stalks in colored water demonstrate capillary
Celery stalks in colored water demonstrate capillary
Colored water demonstrates how water moves up
through plant experiment 1934:54-56
Colored water moves up celery stems experiment
1944:15
Flowers turn red, white and blue experiment with white
flowers and food colorings 1918:109-110
How does water move throughout a plant experiment
1742:14-18
How does water travel in plant experiment with
celery stalk in colored water 1843:26-27
Plant drinks water experiment with white carnation
in red and blue water 1650:30
Plants eat through tubes in plants experiment
1906:87-88
Red rose grows, magic trick demonstrates capillary
action 1719:10-11
Stalk of celery in ink colored water demonstrates
water traveling through tubes in plant stem
1544:30
White carnation in glass of colored water demonstrates capillary action in plants experiment
1640:26-27
PLANTSCARBON DIOXIDE
PLANTSCELLS
Demonstrate difference between plant cell and
tissue with plant models 1854:4-7
1672:69-71
165
PLANTSENERGY SOURCES
1787:90-94
Can water be heated with composting plant material
Do plants store energy experiment 1787:86-89
PLANTSEROSION. See also EROSION
PLANTSEVAPORATION
Evapo-transpiration demonstration with plastic bag
tied around leafy end of tree branch 1797:20
PLANTSFERNS. See also FERNS
PLANTSFERTILIZERS
Compost replaces or supplements commercial
Natural fertilizers (compost) replace synthetic
Plant mineral nutrient deficiency symptoms
PLANTSFLOWERS. See also FLOWERS
PLANTSFREEZING
Freeze leaves from lettuce plant, rhododendron
or evergreen plant experiment, which one
survives 1546:34
1672:69-71
What happens to plants in freezing weather
experiment 1739:10
PLANTSFRUITS AND SEEDS. See also
SEEDSFRUIT
PLANTSGEOTROPISM. See also PLANTS
TROPISMS
PLANTSGERMINATION. See also SEEDS
GERMINATION
Peek-a-boo planter experiment 1818:45
PLANTSGRAFTS
Graft tomato and potato plant together with bubble
gum project 1864:169-170
Grafting cactus plants experiment 1631:14-16
Grafting head of one cactus to body of another
cactus experiment 1998:111
Will similar plants graft together experiment with
cacti plants 1742:19-21
PLANTSGRAVITY
Gravity affects plant growth experiment with pinto
beans 2054:44-45
Grow a crooked plant experiment 1984:62-65
What happens to plant that is turned on its side or
at an angle experiment 1984:62-65
Gelatin model of plant cell experiment 1854:4-7

Plant cells in thin film of onion skin experiment
1546:11
PLANTSCHLOROPHYLL. See also
CHLOROPHYLL
Algae presence in soils experiment 1570:140-141
Find the chlorophyll in coleus leaf experiment
1815:22
Growing grass in light and dark experiment
1984:53
Pigment absorbs and transmits colors of light
experiment; measure with spectrophotometer
you make 1854:19
Rate at which chlorophyll breaks down in covered
grass experiment 1854:22-23
Why are plant leaves green experiment 1854:16-19
Why does green grass turn yellow experiment
1854:20-23
PLANTSCLASSIFICATION
Collect specimens of flowers, seeds and leaves;
sort, label and preserve experiment
1802:50-53
Plant classification chart to use for data on plants
1645:29
PLANTSCLONING
Clone or root flowering plants experiment
1984:17-20
Plant cloning used effectively by produce growers
PLANTSCOLLECTION AND PRESERVATION
Plaster of Paris plant imprints, how to make
1670:24
PLANTSCOLOR
Four colored lights effect on growth of lima bean
seedlings experiment 1934:50
PLANTSCOMMUNICATION
Can we communicate with plants experiment
1843:22-23
PLANTSDISEASES
Cancer; how effective is beta carotene in fighting
cancer in plants experiment 1539:58-63
PLANTSDYES. See also DYES
Dye sheets of light paper with vegetable dyes
experiment 1551:27
Make dyes from plants experiment 1876:132
PLANTSELECTRICITY
Do plants grow better with electricity, simple
project 1876:82-90
166
What happens to seedlings when they are turned

upside down experiment 1984:75-76
PLANTSGROWTH
1638:62-65
Artificial light effect on growing plants experiment
1742:72-74
Banana plant from seeds, how to grow 1695:12-13
Bean plants affected by ultraviolet light from
ozone depletion experiment 1569:96-101
Bean plants grow and climb in flower pot experiment 1695:8-9
Bean plants growth harmed by direct contact with
Bean seeds sprout and grow into plants experiment
1650:28-29
Bean seeds strength experiment 1603:56
Beans; can bean plants get too much water experiment 1651:134-135
Beans; do nutrients affect germination starting time
Beans; do same size lima beans grow at same
Beans; does depth of seed planting affect germination starting time experiment 1854:44-47
Beans; does light affect germination starting time
Beans; how long does it take pinto beans to start
growing experiment 1854:44-47
Beans; where do plants come from experiment,
examine inside of bean seeds 1906:84-86
Carbon dioxide lack affects plant growth experiment 1638:79-83
Climate conditions best for germination experiment
1528:139
Climates; how plants adapt to climates experiment
1528:138-139
Crowded plants dont grow well experiment with
radishes 1651:110-111
Dark and Sun affect plant growth experiment
1616:14-15
Dark; how much do plants grow in the dark
2003:42-43
Darkness effect on green plants experiment
1587:85-87
Darkness; compare growth of two plants, one in
sunlight and one in permanent darkness
Detergent effect on plant growth experiment
1569:91-95
Difference between mud and soil for growing

plants experiment 1631:26-28
Different ways to grow plants from seeds, bulbs
and cuttings experiment 1802:54-55
Earthworms in soil improve the health of plants
experiment 1652:36
1528:150
Ethylene gas affects plant growth experiment
1569:133-137
Fertilizer; do plants grow better with soluble or
controlled release fertilizer experiment
1638:103-106
Geotropism; how does gravity affect plant growth
Grow a dirt garden from soil sample experiment
1655:40-41
Grow plant on kitchen sponge experiment 1831:77
Houseplant fertilizers that produces best plant
How plants grow in different kinds of soil experiment 2014:232-233
Lawnmowers; compare growing sprout and grass
seedlings to see how grass survives cutting
by lawnmower 1546:30
Leaching; amount of leaching affects growth of
potted plants experiment 1638:58-61
Leaves affect plant growth experiment 1742:69-71
Light amount affects growth of young plant experiment 1984:98-99
Light; plant model demonstrates plants need light
experiment 1528:139
Maze; plant grows toward light through cardboard
maze experiment 1818:30-31
Measure root and stem growth experiment
1802:56-57
Mini-greenhouse to grow plants, how to make
1894:24-25
Moonlight effect on plant growth experiment
1998:18-19
Nitrogen fixer effect on growth of a legume experiment 1570:137-139
Nitrogen; plants grown in nitrogen poor soil versus
plants grown in nitrogen rich soil experiment
1826:17
Nutrients important to the growth of plants experiment 1690:9
Oasis model demonstrates how water collects and
seeds grow experiment 1528:145
167
PLANTSHUMIDITY
1528:168
PLANTSHUMUS THEORY
Repeat Van Helmonts humus theory experiment
1984:104-105
PLANTSHYDROPONICS. See also
HYDROPONICS
Make a hydroponics garden and watch plants grow
Water temperature affects hydroponics plant growth
PLANTSINSECT REPELLENTS
Garlic spray, how to make and apply 1830:49
PLANTSINSECT PESTS. See also INSECTS
GARDEN PESTS
PLANTSINSECTS
How insects use plants for food and protection
PLANTSLEAVES
Food (starch) in leaves, how to measure experiment
1984:48-50
Gases released from leaf stomata experiment
1528:40
Number of stomata on bottom of leaf experiment
1984:54-56
Plant leaf under microscope experiment 2027:37-38
Plants need air experiment with petroleum jelly
1655:36-37
Veins or lines running through leaves have different
arrangement (venation) experiment
1984:45-47
PLANTSLICE. See APHIDS
PLANTSLICHENS. See also LICHENS
PLANTSLIGHT
Artificial light effect on growing plants experiment
1742:72-74
Bean seedling affected by absence of light experiment 1854:76-79
Collecting light to benefit plant growth experiment
2045:68
Color of light affects growth of bean seedlings
experiment using colored cellophane 1854:79
Covering leaf of plant with envelope demonstrates that plants need light experiment
1551:8
Distance from light source affects amount of
light plant gets experiment 1854:68-71
Physically stimulating plants increases plant growth

Potting soils; effect of different types of potting soils
on plant growth experiment 1638:92-94
Radish; do radish seedlings always grow toward
Rate of growth; plants grow at different rates
experiment, beans, corn, pumpkin, radish etc.
1582:21-22
Salty sea water kills land plants experiment
1784:14
Sea water; can distilled sea water be used to water
Seeds; how can plants grow without seeds experiment 1843:12-13
Soil pH effect on plant growth experiment
1638:99-102
Soil; best soil for raising crops experiment 1550:5
Soil; how do different soils affect plant growth
Soil; microbes in different types of soil experiment
1570:142-143
Space; plants need space in order to grow properly
experiment 1603:50
Strength of plants experiment 1603:55
Sunlight affects plant growth experiment with
sweet potatoes 1742:49-51
experiment 1528:140
Temperate climate plants damaged by frost
experiment 1528:141
Terrarium; plants grow in plastic bottle terrarium
experiment 1831:71
Tropical climate plants coping with too much water
experiment 1528:142
Watch growth of roots and shoots experiment
1603:44
Water drainage affect on plant growth project
2012:162-173
What plants need experiment with corn seeds
1815:9
What plants need in order to grow experiment
with lima beans 1843:24-25
What plants need to grow experiments
1831:72-73
Worm castings experiment with growing plants;
which grow best 1760:114
PLANTSHORMONES. See also AUXINS
168
Bean plants growing in sunlight and dark closet

demonstrate photosynthesis experiment
1640:33
Beans; grow curly beans by changing light source
experiment 1973:80
Can plant live without light experiment with bean
plant in closed box 1945:48-50
Carbon dioxide lack affects plant growth experiment 1638:79-83
Climate conditions best for germination experiment
1528:139
Colors plants prefer for photosynthesis experiment
2048:64-66
Cover plant leaf with aluminum foil to demonstrate
that plant needs the Sun 1707:68
Cress plants grown in light and in dark experiment
1907:23
Environmental conditions affect rate of photosynthesis in leaf disks experiment 1638:70-74
Grass seeds need light experiment with box and
jar coverings 1582:23-24
Investigate what happens to plants in absence of
sunlight experiment 1758:85
Leaves blocks out sunshine needed by plant leaves
to produce food experiment 1884:8-10
Oxygen bubbles from pond weeds in inverted glass
of water experiment 1551:10
Plant in box grows toward light experiment
1750:16-17
Plant model demonstrates plants need light experiment 1528:139
Plants can live without animals experiment with
plant in jar experiment 1848:56-59
Plants combine carbon dioxide and water in presence of light to produce food and oxygen
Plants need light for photosynthesis to take place
Plants with different systems of photosynthesis
compete with each other experiment
1638:84-87
Tattoo a plants leaves to demonstrate photosynthesis experiment 2041:8-9
Three major types of photosynthesis, C-D, C-4
and CAM experiment 1638:84-87
What happens when a leaf cannot photosynthesize
Will plant kept in dark survive with one minute
of light per day experiment 1934:50
PLANTSPHOTOTROPISM. See also PLANTS
TROPISMS
Bean plant grows toward light in box maze experiment 1582:25-26
How grass seedlings respond to light experiment

1851:50-51
Photosynthesis; plants need light for photosynthesis
to take place experiment 1612:103-104
Phototropism; do roots show positive or negative
phototropism experiment 1854:72-75
Phototropism; grass seedling response to light
PLANTSMOVEMENT. See also PLANTSVINES
PLANTSMUSIC
Compare effects of singing, yelling and storytelling
on growth of basil plants experiment
1651:155
PLANTSNUTRIENTS. See also FERTILIZERS;
PLANTSFERTILIZERS
Nutrients important to the growth of plants experiment 1690:9
PLANTSOSMOSIS. See also OSMOSIS
Celery stalks in sugar, colored and plain water
How flower drinks water experiment with flower
in colored water 1831:80
How plants take in nutrients experiment using
celery stalk in food coloring 1568:56
Plants transport water from the roots to the leaves
experiment 1758:86
Potato in sugar water demonstrates osmosis
1918:109
Stalk of celery in red food coloring experiment
1603:47
PLANTSOXYGEN
Can hydroponics plants be grown without bubbling air through the solution experiment
1638:111
Collect oxygen released from underwater plant
experiment 1826:8-9
1603:51
Green plants make oxygen experiment 1707:71
How oxygen is made in oceans, lake and ponds
experiment 1752:38
Hydroponics; how roots in hydroponics get oxygen
Leaves of plants give off oxygen experiment
1660:48-50
1655:36-37
PLANTSPHOTOSYNTHESIS. See also
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Bean plant in box maze grows toward light experiment 1690:7
169
Maze; movement of plant growth toward light in

box maze experiment 1758:84
Maze; potato in box maze grows towards light
experiment 1831:57
Seedlings reach for light experiment 1551:9
PLANTSPIGMENTS
Crush leaves and flowers to dye T-shirt experiment 1856:93
Imprints of plant flowers and leaves on fabric by
crushing the plants 2022:117
Is green the only pigment in plants experiment
2048:67-70
you make 18554:19
Plant leaves simmered in water release their pigments experiment, use as indicator for acid
and base test 1627:30-32
Separating plant pigments experiment 1915:116-117
Why are plant leaves green experiment 1854:16-19
PLANTSPOLLINATION
How to pollinate flowers experiment 1916:41
PLANTSPOLLUTION
Acid effect on plants experiment using strong acid,
weak acid and water 1692:19
Effect of #6 heating oil on Elodea Densa in the
aquatic environment experiment 1539:98-99
PLANTSPOTATOES. See also POTATOES
PLANTSPRESS
Collecting and preserving plants, how to do
1930:26-27
Plant press, cardboard, waxed paper, belt, how to
make 2046:90
Plywood and cardboard plant press, how to make
1603:62-63
PLANTSPROPAGATION. See also PLANTS
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
Cutting from plant produces new plant experiment
1909:12-13
Grow ivy plants and spider plants from cuttings
Grow new geranium plant from old one experiment
1690:11
Grow new plants from leaves experiment
1742:89-91
Grow new plants from runners and cuttings experiment 1645:25-26

Grow philodendron houseplant from cuttings
PLANTSRESPIRATION. See PLANTS
OXYGEN
PLANTSROOTS
Bean seed roots respond to gravity experiment
1546:35
Bone meal effect on plant root growth experiment
1742:81-83
Geotropism; direction roots of a plant grow experiment 1934:39-41
How does water get from carrot roots into stems
How does water get from celery stalk into its
leaflets experiment 1651:108-109
How roots grow experiment with popcorn kernels
1742:10-13
Observe plant roots growing experiment 1603:54
Phototropism; do lima bean roots show positive or
negative phototropism experiment 1934:44
Plant roots adapt to soil types in order to grow
Power of roots experiment with seeds planted in
eggshell 1546:37
Roots hold soil in place experiment 1651:124-125
Seeds send roots down and stems up experiment
1750:4-5
Type of plant root affects erosion experiment
1535:33-35
What happens when tip of root is removed experiment 1984:73-74
Where does growth occur on a root experiment
1984:71-72
Will roots respond to substances in soil experiment
1742:81-83
PLANTSSEEDS
Beans; are other beans as hydrophilic (attract water)
as pinto beans experiment 1854:40-43
Beans; do bean seeds imbibe water at a constant
Beans; do other beans and peas develop the same
Beans; does pressure on bean seeds affect
imbibition (water absorption) experiment
1854:40-43
Beans; how does imbibition (water absorption)
affect seed coat of bean experiment
1854:40-43
170
Celery stalk in colored water demonstrates how

plants drink 1856:82-85
Celery stalk in glasses of colored water experiment
1785:44
Celery stalks in colored water experiment
1997:168-169
Collecting water from plants experiment
1895:23
Color celery and flowers experiment 1973:83
Color flower by putting it in food-colored water
experiment 1690:13
Demonstrate transpiration with clear plastic bag
placed over leaves experiment 1854:15
Do all plants transpire at same rate under different
sources of light experiment 1539:53-55
Food coloring shows where water goes up flower
stems experiment 1546:7
1851:46-47
1854:12-15
How leaves put water vapor into the air experiment
1592:29
How much water a plant sucks up experiment
2034:9
How plants drink experiment with celery stalk in
colored water 1555:5
How wind, humidity and closing the stomata affect
transpiration experiment 1638:54-57
Leaves help pull water up from roots through plant
stem experiment 1879:50-51
Loss of water from a plant through its leaves experiment 1984:57-58
Measure amount of transpiration of potted plant
Observe transpiration as water leaves plant through
its leaves experiment 1742:75-77
Plant drinks water experiment with white carnation in red and blue water 1650:30
Plant gives off water through its stomata experiment 1660:53-55
Plants eat through tubes in plants experiment
1906:87-88
Plants take water in through roots and stems, flower
in colored water experiment 1528:41
Plants transport water from the roots to the leaves
experiment 1758:86
Plastic bag over potted plant collects water drops
from leaves experiment 1551:11
Rate at which potted plant loses water experiment
1693:22
Rate of transpiration in potted plants exposed to
different conditions experiment 1638:54-57
Beans; how does pinto bean seedling develop

experiment 1854:48
Beans; how does water affect pinto bean seeds
Beans; rate of growth for hypcotyl experiment
1854:48-51
Beans; whats on the outside of a pinto bean experiment 1854:36-39
Beans; which part of embryo in pinto bean seed
develops first experiment 1854:36-39
1854:28-31
Humidity and heat effect on pine cone seeds experiment 1854:32-35
Pine cone; where are the seeds in a pine cone
PLANTSSTARCH
Determine condition required for starch to form
in leaves experiment 1638:75-78
Starch test for photosynthesis experiment
1815:44
Test for starch in leaves experiment 1638:75-78
PLANTSSTEMS. See also STEMS
How do grass stems grow experiment 1854:60-63
How do pinto bean plant stems grow experiment
1854:56-58
Stems rate of growth the same during day and night
Succulent cells of dandelion experiment
1959:140-141
Where does growth occur on a stem experiment
1984:69-70
PLANTSSTOMATA
Determine the number and location of stomata on
several types of leaves experiment 1638:50-53
Number of stomata on bottom of leaf experiment
1984:54-56
Water vapor released from plants leaves experiment
1603:49
Weigh five coleus plants for water loss experiment
1984:59-61
PLANTSTOUCH STIMULI. See also PLANTS
TROPISM; THIGMOTROPISM
PLANTSTOUCHING
Physically stimulating plants increases plant growth
PLANTSTRANSPIRATION
Amount of transpiration varies in different plants
experiment 1851:47
Catching the water that plants transpire through
their leaves experiment 1528:41
171
Stalk of celery in red food coloring experiment

1603:47
Transpiration or water loss in plants project
1729:221-222
Twigs; removing leaves on twigs affects ability
to transpire water experiment 1875:75-77
Water amount given off by leaves experiment
1546:8
Water evaporates out of openings in leaves called
stomata experiment 1582:28-29
Water evaporation rate from leaves affects water
movement speed through plants experiment
1854:14-15
Water loss through a leaf experiment 1546:8
Water vapor condenses on plastic surface placed
over plant experiment 1944:15
Weigh five coleus plants for water loss experiment
1984:59-61
When do plants give off moisture experiment
1905:91-94
PLANTSTRAVELING. See SEEDSDISPERSAL
PLANTSTROPISMS. See also CHEMOTROPISM;
GEOTROPISM; GRAVITROPISM;
HELIOTROPISM; HYDROTROPISM;
PLANTSGROWTH; PHOTOTROPISM;
THIGMOTROPISM
Can a lima bean plant move experiment 1934:45-47
Geotropism; bean seed roots respond to gravity
experiment 1546:35
Geotropism; direction roots of a plant grow experiment 1934:39-41
Geotropism; gravity affects plant growth experiment with beans in clear jar experiment
1582:34-35
Geotropism; gravity affects plant growth of pinto
beans experiment 1854:80-83
Geotropism; gravity effect on seeds project
1729:215-216
Geotropism; how does gravity affect plant growth
Geotropism; plant grows in response to gravity
Geotropism; potted plant bends away from gravity,
negative geotropism experiment 2037:257
Geotropism; seeds send roots down and stems up
experiment 1750:4-5
Geotropism; stems and roots affected by gravity
as they grow experiment 1854:82-83
Heliotropism; green shoots from bean sprouts in
jar demonstrate heliotropism and geotropism
1972:29
Hydrotropism; root growth in response to water
project 1729:217-218
Phototropism experiment with bean plant growing

in box 1602:38-39
Phototropism experiment, plant follows maze to
seek light 1742:92-94
Phototropism; bean plant climbs through hole in box
as it reaches for light experiment 1546:33
Phototropism; bean plant grows in shoe box toward
Phototropism; bean plant grows through maze in
shoe box towards light experiment 2037:257
Phototropism; can plants grow around obstacles
or in a maze experiment 1734:34-35
Phototropism; demonstrate with hanging plant
turned upside down 1602:60-61
Phototropism; do lima bean roots show positive or
negative phototropism experiment 1934:44
Phototropism; do roots show positive or negative
phototropism experiment 1854:72-75
Phototropism; grass seedling response to light
Phototropism; how can a plant a maze you experiment 1843:28-29
Phototropism; how far will plant stems bend in
response to light experiment 1851:51
Phototropism; leaves on geranium plant turn
toward light experiment 1934:42-44
Phototropism; maze box with plant growing toward
Phototropism; plant grows through maze toward
light in rain forest experiment 1944:29
Phototropism; plant grows toward light in box
maze experiment 2044:23
Phototropism; plant grows toward light in shoe
box maze experiment 1987:24-25
Phototropism; plant grows toward light in shoe
box maze experiment 1998:25
Phototropism; plant grows toward Sun experiment
1953:164
Phototropism; plant in a box grows toward light
experiment 1851:51
Phototropism; plant in black box grows toward
Phototropism; plant reaches for sunlight through
maze experiment 2014:235
Phototropism; plants always grow toward the Sun
Phototropism; plants grow toward light experiment
1603:52
Phototropism; plants wrapped in sponges tied
upside down grows toward light experiment
1603:53
Phototropism; positive and negative phototropism
experiment 1851:51
172
PLANTSVEGATATIVE PROPAGATION. See

also PLANTSPROPAGATION
Rooting plant leaf, how to do 1836:22-23
Rooting tip cuttings, how to do 1836:23-24
African violet plant grows from cutting experiment
1555:27
Coleus plant grows from cutting experiment
1555:28
Grow new vegetables from roots and stems experiment 1742:86-88
New plant from plant cutting experiment 1934:51-53
Succulents grow from cuttings, how to do
1862:12-13
PLANTSVEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
Cloning plants experiment; grow plants from
cuttings 1915:119-122
Cuttings in soil or water grow new plants experiment
1546:43
Growing plants from vegetables experiment
1831:76
PLANTSVINES. See also VINES
PLANTSWATER
Cuticle keeps plants from losing too much water
1854:8-12
Sea water; can distilled sea water be used to water
Seeds cannot grow into plants without water
experiment 1948:17
experiment 1528:140
Temperate climate plants damaged by frost
experiment 1528:141
Transport of water by the vascular system in plants
stems project 1729:219-220
Tropical climate plants coping with too much
PLANTSWATER POLLUTANTS. See also
WATERPOLLUTION
PLANTSWEAVING
Woven mats from reed and rush leaves, how to do
1967:188-189
PLASTER CASTS. See also CASTS; TRACKS
AND TRAILING
Animal; making cast of animal tracks project
1583:49-53
Animal; modeling clay and plaster of Paris casts

of tracks, how to make 1630:42-44
Animal; plaster cast of animal tracks, how to make
1546:71
Animal; plaster casts of animal footprints, how to
make 1973:32-33
Animal; plaster of Paris track casts, how to make
1810:29
Animal; preserve animal tracks with plaster of
Paris experiment 1566:6-9
Fish; plaster cast of fish using plaster of Paris
experiment, how to do 1550:107-110
Footprints; plaster casts of footprints found in mud,
how to make 1591:29
Fossil; how to make a fossil cast using modeling clay
and plaster of Paris experiment 1816:33
Make plaster casts from modeling clay and plaster
of Paris 1866:20
Make plaster forms from a mold like archaeologists
Plaster of Paris mixed in plastic bag, how to do
1785:57
PLASTER OF PARIS
Rock sculpture demonstrates chemistry of plaster
of Paris experiment 1667:9-10
Salt added to plaster of Paris makes it harden
faster experiment 1667:11-12
PLASTIC WRAPS
Compare the plastic wraps that keep food fresh
1540:75
PLASTICS
Casein in milk makes plastic experiment 2001:146-150
Create your own plastic and make a plastic toy
1953:48
Differences between high-density and low-density
polyethylene experiment 1675:14-16
Environmental effects on the biodegradability of
plastic bags, paper bags and newspapers
Heat effect on polystyrene experiment 1840:151-156
Hot water; how does hot water change different
plastics experiment 1672:80-82
Make plastic from milk and vinegar experiment
1710:43
Make simulated plastic foam experiment
1848:150-151
1577:18-20
173
PLUMB LINE
What is a plumb line experiment 1753:50
PLUNKETT, ROY J.
PLUTO. See also PLANETS
PNEUMATIC MACHINES
Magic trick mouse rises out of hole experiment
1715:16-17
Marble and two plastic bags demonstrate pneumatic
machine experiment 1831:43
Rabbit pops out of a box trick experiment
1831:50-51
POLAR BEARS
Why fur helps polar bear survive experiment
1805:97
POLAR BIOMES
How skin covering protects animals from the cold
POLARIS. See also NORTH STAR
How Polaris appears to be in different positions
Position of the star Polaris used to determine latitude
of your home experiment 1850:25-29
POLARISCOPE
Polarization and stress analysis of airplane window
POLARIZATION OF LIGHT
Why sky is blue and sunsets are red experiment
1578:3-7
POLARIZED GLASSES
Polarizing material sunglasses experiment
2028:42-43
Polarizing sunglasses reduce glare when polarizing
lenses are oriented properly experiment
1578:90-93
Show how polarizing sunglasses block polarized
Stress test in materials using polarized sunglasses
POLARIZED LIGHT
Polarized experiment; is scattered light from the
sky polarized 1612:84-86
Polarized light mosaic experiment; make stained
glass window without glass 1578:84-89
Polarized light passing through sugar water rotates to
reveal beautiful colors experiment 1578:94-99
Polarized light reveals stress patterns in clear
Polarized waves on a rope experiment 1612:80-83
Milk and vinegar plastic, how to make and compare decomposition with petroleum plastic
1864:77-78
Mold image into piece of plastic experiment
1675:47-49
Physical properties difference in high-density
polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene
terephtahalate (PET) and polystyrene (PS)
Plant holder; plastic bottle plant holder, how to
make 1691:29
Plastic blobber is moldable and flexible, how to
make 2001:151-155
Plastic from milk and vinegar experiment 2022:105
Shrink plastic or shrinkable polystyrene experiment
1613:87-96
Stress; polarized light reveals stress patterns in clear
Styrofoam cup shrivels or melts experiment using
nail polish remover 1879:12-14
Temperature affects stiffness and flexibility of
polymers and plastics 1675:54-56
Temperature; what happens to two different types
of plastics at high temperatures experiment
1675:40-43
Thermosetting plastic spoon bends magic trick
Thin layer of air trapped between two pieces of
Plexiglas produces rainbow colored interference patterns experiment 1578:12-15
PLATE TECTONICS
How plate tectonics cause Earths crust to change
experiment 1817:10
Simulate movements of shifting plates with modeling clay experiment 1550:118
PLATELETS. See also BLOOD
PLAY DOUGH
Worlds best play dough recipe 1970:311
PLAYGROUNDS
Playground physics, science principles, activities
PLIMSOLL LINE
Chart of Plimsoll Line 1596:29
Chart of Plimsoll Line for ships 1838:29
PLIMSOLL, SAMUEL
174
Seeing colors in plastic with polarized light experiment 1675:23-26

POLE STAR. See POLARIS
POLLEN
Ancient climates information; examine pollen grain
experiment 1528:155
Compare pollen grains from different flowers and
tree cones experiment 1593:69-70
Pollen from different flowers, how to collect and
compare experiment 2025:42-43
Trap to catch pollen in the air experiment 1894:21
POLLINATION. See also BEESPOLLINATION;
PLANTSPOLLINATION
How to pollinate flowers experiment 1916:41
POLLS
Whats your favorite kind of bread poll 1668:20-21
POLLUTION
1975:157-159
POLLUTIONAIR. See also AIRPOLLUTION
POLLUTIONNOISE. See also NOISE
POLLUTION
POLLUTIONOIL. See also OIL SPILLS
POLLUTIONWATER. See also WATER
POLLUTION
POLYETHYLENE
What is polyethylene experiment 1844:38
POLYMERS
Breaking down a polymer experiment with balloons
1675:44-46
Casein in milk makes plastic experiment
2001:146-150
Change length of polymer or rubber band by
stretching it experiment 1675:50-53
Changes in length, width and mass of grow creatures in various salt solutions experiment
1840:221-228
Comparing heat insulation of polymer, polystyrene
cup and styrofoam cup experiment
1675:33-35
Differences between high-density and low-density
polyethylene experiment 1675:14-16
Flour; using a polymer present in flour to thicken
Gluep, polymer putty materials, used to investigate
sense of touch experiment 1790:71-77

1672:92-94
How does heat affect wrinkles in clothing experiment 1672:86-89
How does hot water change different plastics
Make plastic from milk and vinegar experiment
1710:43
Marshmallows are a squishy polymer gel, how to
make 1667:40-42
Nonstick polymer, Teflon, experiment 1675:20-22
Observe polymer alligators that expand in
water and salts effect on growing process
1613:97-106
Odor moving through a polymer plastic bag experiment 1675:30-32
Plastic Blobber is moldable and flexible, how to
make 2001:151-155
Play plastic, how to make 1754:27
Polymer model necklace experiment 2001:154
Properties of Silly Putty experiments
1840:203-207
Salt concentration effect on grow creatures experiment 1840:221-228
Silly Putty can act as both a solid and liquid experiment 1675:17-19
Super absorbent polymer absorbs liquid experiment
1675:12-13
Super absorber polymers in disposable diapers
Temperature affects stiffness and flexibility of
polymers and plastics 1675:54-56
Water-loving and water-fearing polymers in fabrics
POMANDERS
Pomander ball from fruits and spices, how to make
1651:202-203
PONDS. See also FRESHWATER; LAKES;
STREAMS
Build a pond, how to do 1973:62-63
Build pond from plastic sheet for backyard animals
2024:58-59
Build pond using large tough plastic sheet experiment 1723:29
Cold current differences in temperature move water
experiment 1752:108
Diorama of pond; plants and animals, how to make
1811:36
175
Compare pond water, filtered water and tap water

to see how many microscopic plants they
contain experiment 1546:16
streams 1570:99-100
Life in a drop of water experiment 1794:32-33
Living things found in pond water experiment
1751:21
Microscopic organisms in pond water collected and
examined under microscope 1661:1-84
Muck from pond bottom experiment, examine for
living creatures 1811:27
Plankton net to catch tiny water creatures, how to
make 1973:56-57
Pond water microorganism zoo, how to set up
1661:10-11
PONDSPLANTS
Duckweed; how to grow duckweed in pond water
experiment 1692:10
PONDSPOLLUTION
Damaging effect of phosphate detergents on freshwater plant and animal life experiment
1864:163-164
Detergent phosphates effect on pond water experiment 1965:63-66
Filter dirty pond water through flowerpot filled
with charcoal, sand and gravel 1546:14
Test rain water, pond water and vinegar for acidity
1546:21
POPCORN
Do birds prefer popped or unpopped corn experiment 1540:78
Grow popcorn seed experiment 1970:305
How to plant and grow popcorn experiment
1757:76-77
Senses used to investigate and enjoy popcorn
Taste tester; does all plain popcorn taste alike
Water content of various popcorn brands experiment 2048:108
Water; measure moisture that causes popcorn to
pop experiment 2045:56-57
What makes popcorn pop experiment
2048:105-106
Which is best, frozen or room temperature popcorn
project 2012:43-48
Which weighs more? Popped or unpopped corn
experiment 1938:8-9
Why does popcorn pop experiment 1804:41-43
Make and stock a small pond 1652:9-10

Make pond from heavy plastic sheet, soil, plants
and water 1759:21
Mini pond to observe interaction of plants and
Mini-pond for wildlife project, how to make
1794:59-61
Mini-pond, how to make using bucket, water, plants
and rocks 1546:20
Pond creatures under floating leaves observation
1811:17
experiment 1752:107
PONDSALGAE
Eutrophication; fertilizers in pond water cause
increased growth of algae in pond experiment
1826:41
PONDSANIMALS
Do pond animals have any preference between light
and dark experiment 1652:112
Do pond animals prefer open water or water with
submerged plants experiment 1652:105
Does darkness affect the ability of predators to
catch their prey experiment 1652:112
Experiments with pond animals; data sheets given
1652:103-112
Life in a pond, how to observe and collect 1723:13
Pond dipping with net to investigate life in pond
experiment 1689:26
Prey animals survive when pond plants are present
Trap underwater animals with lighted lure
experiment, funnel, flashlight, glass jar,
plastic pipe and string 1546:17
Will predators eat less of one type of prey if other
types of prey are present experiment
1652:108-112
PONDSECOSYSTEMS
Can pond life survive without water experiment
1569:111-115
Compare animals and plant life found in ponds
and streams projects 1583:58-62
Jar ponds show interrelationship of plants and
PONDSINSECTS. See also WATER INSECTS
PONDSORGANISMS
176
POPULATIONANIMAL. See ANIMAL

POPULATIONS
POPULATIONINSECTS
POPULATIONPEOPLE
Density of population demonstrated experiment
using paper doll people 1850:196-199
People population and location; how world population has changed experiment 1850:189-200
Predict world population experiment 1987:82-84
PORCUPINES
Quill experiment using toothpicks to demonstrate tiny
scales act like barbs on fish hook 1805:36
POST-ITS
Test post-its experiment 1771:89
POTATOES. See also PLANTSPOTATOES
experiment 2053:42
Electrolytes in potato battery experiment 1936:66
Grow potato vine in jar of water 1836:42
Grow potatoes in a flower pot experiment
1695:22-23
Grow potatoes in a sack experiment 1555:92
Grow potatoes in soil or jar of water, how to do
1651:94-95
Osmosis effect on potatoes experiment 1693:27
Outward flow of materials through semi-permeable
membrane of potato experiment 1864:65
Potato eye grows into potato plant experiment
1750:8-9
Potato paper, how to make 1572:122-125
Potato prints on paper, how to make 1785:55-56
Potatoes grow in big pot indoors experiment
1909:16-17
Specific gravity of potatoes experiment 1568:82
Starch under microscope experiment, compare
shapes of grains of different starches
2027:66-67
Starch; test potato for starch experiment using
iodine 1546:35
Water; how to take water out of a potato and measure
the amount experiment 1886:10-14
POTATOESSWEET. See also SWEET
POTATOES
Grow sweet potato vine in jar of water, how to do
1651:98-99
POTENTIAL ENERGY
1753:38
Come-back toy demonstrates stored potential energy
in rubber bands experiment 1839:133-139
Device changes kinetic energy to potential energy
experiment 1758:46
1839:123-132
POTPOURRI
Recipe for potpourri 1645:39
Rose petals and spices potpourri, how to make
1651:204-205
POULTRY BROODER. See also BROODERS
POULTRY. See CHICKENS
POWDERS
PRAIRIES
Activities, science experiments and craft projects
1550:3-14
PRAIRIES. See also GRASSLANDS
PRAYING MANTIS
Baby praying mantis will eat few flies if another
praying mantis is present experiment
1652:163
Can a praying mantis learn from experience experiment 1652:147-153
Does shape and color of praying mantis help hide
it from enemies experiment 1652:147
Eggs and breeding stick insects, how to do
1873:18-19
Experiments with baby praying mantis, data sheets
given 1652:155-163
Experiments with praying mantis, data sheets
given 16152:141-153
Feeding stick insects, how to do 1873:20-23
How to catch and keep praying mantis 1653:2-5
How to collect and raise praying mantis
1930:110-111
How to hatch praying mantis experiment 1555:54
How to house and keep praying mantis 1873:17
Praying mantis eat other insects experiment
1571:40-42
What type of prey will praying mantis accept
experiment 1652:153
Why do praying mantis climb experiment 1652:147
Will a baby praying mantis that is kept warmer
molt sooner experiment 1652:160
177
PRISMS. See also SPECTRUM

Light passing through prism produces colors of
Prism, binoculars and total internal reflection in
prisms experiment 1611:44-49
Soap bubbles change from spheres and become
prisms experiment 1637:38
PROJECTILES
Analyze projectile motion experiment using ramp
and launch pad 1915:71-73
Model of path of projectile launched from a ramp
Model of projectile motion based on Galileos
principle experiment 1610:112-119
Path of projectiles experiment 1983:80-85
Speed and range of water projectiles experiment
1990:78-83
Do-it-yourself projector, how to make 1709:35
Magic wand persistence of vision experiment;
see pictures in thin air 1578:72-75
Model of projector demonstrates how it works,
Project shadow on wall from holes cut in paper
bag, how to do 1785:72-73
PROPAGATION. See PLANTSPROPAGATION;
PLANTSVEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
PROPELLERS
Flying propeller helicopter, how to make 1877:50
Make from cardboard, dowel, cork and thread spool
2043:43
Model propeller pushes air backward to push plane
forward experiment 1558:32-33
PROPRIOCEPTION
Hand eye coordination experiment 1725:146
Will a praying baby mantis who is fed more molt

sooner experiment 1652:160
Will a praying mantis eat a dead insect experiment
1652:146
PRECIPITATES. See also SOLUTIONS
PREDATORS
Praying mantis eats other insects experiment
1571:40-42
PREDICTIONS
Marbles in wooden model device demonstrates
predictions and Bell curve 1820:86-87
Primary science activities with predicting
1931:36-39
PREHISTORIC ANIMALS
Prehistoric landscape in box, how to make
1694:6-7
Prehistoric landscape terrarium, how to make
1862:28-29
PRESERVATIVES
Bread mold; do preservatives control bread mold
Natural preservatives of food experiment
1864:75-76
PRESSPLANTS. See also PLANTSPRESS
PRESSURE. See also AIR PRESSURE;
BAROMETER; WATERPRESSURE
PRIESTLEY, JOSEPH
1637:51
PRIMATES
Observe how gorillas, chimpanzees and orangutans
use and respond to a threat display
1552:21-26
PRINTING
Engraving stamps, how to make from potatoes
1537:102-103
Japanese art of fish printing or gyotaku, how to do
1550:110-112
Letter press stamps, how to make from potatoes
and paint 1537:99-100
Letter press, how to make from sand, and shoe box
1537:100-102
Lithography shop using paper, crayons, watercolors,
how to do 1537:103-104
178
Compare what you see when camouflaged figure

remains still and when it moves experiment
1576:47-49
Game demonstrates protective coloring camouflage
1603:90-91
Insects; how does color protect insects experiment
1852:52-55
PROTEIN. See also ALBUMEN
Blood donors; do blood donors have to be of same
blood type as recipient experiment
1571:64-66
Cooking; what happens when you cook custard
experiment 1568:73
Denaturing common proteins affected by temperature experiment 1570:116-117
Digesting proteins experiment 1725:91
Digestion; plastic bottle, meat and cola act as model
1563:25-27
Egg white protein experiment 1981:53
1672:90-91
Identify protein in food experiment 1981:51-52
Test foods for protein experiment 1843:238-239
Test for protein in foods experiment 1864:99-100
What is gelatin experiment 1804:51-53
Why are hard-boiled eggs hard experiment
1804:46-47
PROTISTS
PROTOZOA. See also AMOEBA; DAPHNIA;
PARAMECIA; ROTIFERS; SPIROSTOMA;
WATER ANIMALS
Do some protozoa move to or away from light
P-TRAPS
Design mechanism to control growth of bacteria
in P-traps experiment 1539:145-147
Identify organisms in P-traps, test for presence of
anaerobic bacteria experiment 1539:145-147
Investigate whether P-traps are conducive for growth

of bacteria experiment 1539:142-144
PULLEYS. See also SIMPLE MACHINES
PULLEYS
PULSE. See also HEART; HUMAN BODY
Pulse rate and exercise experiment 1571:33-34
Timing heartbeat and pulse experiment; do they
occur at the same time 1571:28-29
PUMPKINS
Roasted pumpkin seeds, how to do 1785:21
PUMPS
Balloon pump experiment, how it works
1840:131-136
Hand-powered water pump experiment, how to
make, plastic tubing, plastic beakers, balloon
1532:38-39
Operations of different pumps and compare effectiveness of each pump experiment
1840:131-136
Sakia model to get water from well, how to make
1896:22-23
PUNNETT SQUARE. See HEREDITY
PUPAS
Can pupa survive without its cocoon experiment
1571:138-140
PURIFICATION PLANT
Are your clams safe to eat experiment 1539:138-139
PURIFICATION WATER. See WATER
PURIFICATION
PUTTY
PYRAMIDS
Pyramids built by using ramps to move materials
experiment 1658:5-6
179
&
QUADRATS
Quadrat to survey wildlife in different habitats
experiment, how to build, wood, screws and
string 1546:12-13
QUANTUM THEORY
Polarizing plastic sheets and flashlight demonstrate
quantum theory 1820:74-75
QUICKSAND
Cornstarch mixture demonstrates quicksand
experiment 1953:174
Quicksand goop lets you test how quicksand acts
Q
Quicksand; what happens in quicksand experiment
1535:51-53
QUILL PEN
How to make quill pen from feather 1785:35
QUIZ BOARD
Buzzing board, how to make from pegboard, brass
fasteners, wire and battery 1931:64
Geography quiz board, how to make 1936:36-37
QUIZ BOARD GAMES. See ELECTRONIC
GAMES; QUIZ BOARD
QUIZ BOARD REAGENTS. See INDICATORS
180
&
RABBITS
Bacteria; determine if food molds can control
growth of different types of bacteria taken
from pet rabbit experiment 1539:129-130
RACCOONS
Paw print socks, how to make to recognize raccoon
tracks 1805:27
RACING CARS. See also AUTOMOBILES
RADIANT ENERGY. See also HEAT RADIATION
Make solar collector from cardboard box, aluminum
foil and plastic wrap 1884:32-36
Radiometer to measure radiant energy, make from
glass jar and aluminum foil 1657:31-33
Reflection of radio waves from radio using aluminum foil and newspaper experiment
1674:55-58
RADIANT HEAT
Albedo; measure and compare albedo effect of
two surfaces experiment 1528:29
Albedo; percentage of Suns energy reflected by
surfaces is called its albedo experiment
1528:28
Heat loss; how effective is insulation to prevent
heat loss experiment 1528:28
1528:35
Heat; how do colors react to heat experiment
1753:29
Planets; how a planets surface can be warmed
experiment 1528:27
Radiant heat investigated with lamp and thermometers experiment 1907:20-21
RADIATION
Different surfaces absorb Suns energy differently
experiment 1758:51
RADIO
Crystal radio experiment 1629:14-16
Experiment with radio waves 1802:73
Radio receiver experiment, how to make receiver

from corks, wire, cardboard tube and earphones
1802:72-73
Radio tuner experiment using pendulums to represent the electrons in the tuning circuit
1532:146
RADIO WAVES
Affecting the range of radio waves experiment
1936:86
Atmospheric radio-frequency noise generated by
electrical devices around the home experiment
1936:84
Limiting the direction of radio-frequency radiation
experiment 1936:85
Reflection of radio waves from radio using aluminum foil and newspaper experiment
1674:55-58
Transmit radio waves experiment, battery,
metal file, electrical wire, portable radio
1532:147
RADIOACTIVE ATOMS
Decay process in molecules similar to decay
process in radioactive atoms experiment
1755:112-113
RADIOACTIVE DECAY
project 1610:92-94
Radioactive decay model experiment
1577:85-88
RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS
Demonstrate importance of half-life dating experiment 1820:82-83
RADIOACTIVITY
Repeat Curies physical, chemical and magnetic
soil experiments 1586:200-204
RADIOMETER
Radiometer to measure radiant energy, make from
glass jar and aluminum foil 1657:31-33
RAIN. See also WEATHER
Bar graph for recording amount of rain or snow,
how to do 1892:34
Books and activities about rain 1741:1-15
181
Drought experiment; evaporation of water from soil

1528:151
Duck feather reaction to rain experiment
1751:11
How do mountains affect yearly rainfall experiment 1842:132
How leaves put water vapor into the air experiment
1592:29
Is rain water pure water experiment 1751:31
pH of rain experiment 2048:62-63
Pollution in rainwater experiment 1632:4
Rainfall around the world charted project 1739:7
Rainfall, how to measure with rain gauge experiment 1594:7-11
Rainwater gets filtered as it moves through rocks
and soil experiment 1546:14
Rainwater samples filtered for pollution experiment
1970:153
Test rainwater for acid experiment with red cabbage
indicator 1739:27
Warm air in cold air experiment 1594:51-52
Warm fluids in cold fluids experiment
1594:51-52
Water cycle in bowl demonstrates how water comes
from salty ocean 1592:28-29
1904:83-86
What clouds are and why rain comes from clouds
What happens when rainwater hits the ground
experiment 1739:7
What makes rain experiment 1842:115-117
What rain does experiment using model landscape
you make 1886:39-42
Where is the wettest/driest place on Earth experiment 1906:75-78
RAIN CYCLE. See also WATER CYCLE
RAIN FOREST
Aquarium ecosystem, how to make and maintain
1602:79-80
Books and activities about rain forests
1741:18-33
Evapo-transpiration demonstration with plastic
bag tied around leafy end of tree branch
1797:20
Growing conditions of a rain forest in large plastic
Miniature tropical garden in plastic bottle, how to

make 1696:22-23
Plant grows through maze toward light in rain
forest experiment 1944:29
Plant roots adapt to soil types in order to grow
Plants; bromeliad plants role in the rain forest
Plants; grow rain forest plants from orange, lemon,
mango, avocado, pineapple, coffee and ginger
seeds experiment 1944:45
Plants; phototropism experiment with bean plant
growing in box 1602:38-39
Plants; phototropism; demonstrate with hanging
plant turned upside down 1602:60-61
Plants; shapes of rain forest leaves best for collecting water experiment 1948:27
Plants; tropical climate plants coping with too much
water, experiment 1528:142
Rain forest bottle garden, how to make 1551:29
Rain forest terrarium, how to set up and maintain
1602:2-3
Relationship of water temperature to evaporation
as related to Pacific Northwest experiment
1550:158-159
Soil; nutrients in rain forest soil are depleted rapidly
Soil; rain forest soil rarely washes away experiment
using bean seeds and soils 1602:34-35
1975:62-73
Things to do to conserve and preserve a rain forest
1797:57-60
Things to look for in a rain forest 1797:46-47
Trees; how to measure height of tree compared to
rain forest trees experiment 1944:37
Trees; role of buttresses in survival of large rain
forest tree demonstration 1602:71-72
Weather; investigate temperature and precipitation
and dew point experiment 1550:159-160
RAIN GAUGE
Can and ruler rain gauge, how to make 1938:14-15
Funnel and jar rain gauge, how to make
1592:28
Glass and ruler rain gauge to measure how much
rain has fallen experiment 1818:16
Glass jar and funnel rain gauge experiment
1832:28-30
182
How to make from plastic bottle and measuring

stick 1830:100
How to make from plastic soda bottle 1739:6
How to make plastic bottle rain gauge 2036:7
Jar and funnel rain gauge, how to make
1602:9-10
Jar and ruler rain gauge, how to make 1950:34
Jar, funnel and ruler rain gauge, how to make
1892:33
Make from coffee can and ruler 1648:65
Make from narrow tube and clay 1537:36-37
Make from plastic motor oil bottle
1744:113-115
Make rain gauge from plastic bottle and ruler
1925:29
Measure rainfall with rain gauge experiment
1842:104
Measure rainfall with rain gauge, how to make
2017:38-39
Plastic bottle rain gauge, how to make 1616:9
Plastic bottle, funnel, markings, how to make
1528:47
Plastic jar rain gauge, how to make 1970:137
Plastic jug gauge with measurements, how to
make 2047:18
RAINBOWS. See also PRISMS
Bend light to show how sunlight is made up
of many different colors experiment
1533:14-15
Bright room rainbow experiment 1594:66-67
Capture a rainbow experiment 1636:16
Change rainbow colors back to white experiment
1966:41
1562:18-20
Create dry rainbow in shoe box with glass of water
and light experiment 1657:46
Dark room rainbow experiment 1594:64-65
Dispersion of light produces spectrum experiments
1758:67
How do rainbows form experiment 1739:24
How do water and sunlight create a rainbow
experiment 1753:24
Is a rainbow made by rain or Sun experiment
1831:56
Make a rainbow experiment, water, mirror, flashlight 1528:37
Make a rainbow using prism and white paper
experiment 1542:27
Make a rainbow using white cards, prism and light
1728:22
Make your own rainbow with mirrors experiment

1770:15
Pan of water with mirror in it experiment to see
rainbow 1818:36
Primary science activities with rainbows
1931:94-97
Prism used to see spectrum experiment
1528:36
Rainbow experiment with pan of water and mirror
(Primary) 1557:30
Rainbow from a prism experiment 1594:62-63
Refracting and reflecting light experiment with
raindrops 1528:36
Simplified model of rainbow and falling raindrops
projects 1610:31-33
Spectrum created by refracting sunlight through
Split light into a rainbow experiment using flashlight and white cardboard 2017:34-35
What causes the rainbow of colors on a patch of
oil experiment 1753:25
What is a rainbow experiment 1904:96-98
What makes a rainbow experiments 1857:88-90
RAINDROPS
Capture a raindrop experiment 2001:110
How do raindrops begin experiment 1861:44-47
How does an updraft (upward moving air) affect
raindrops experiment 1861:47
Light reflected in a raindrop experiment 1594:68-70
Light refracted in a raindrop experiment 1594:71-75
Preserve raindrops experiment 1751:22
Rocks; how do raindrops affect rocks experiment
1859:72-75
Shape of raindrops experiment using vacuum
cleaner wind tunnel 1594:31-32
Size and shape of raindrops experiment 1616:37
Size of raindrops experiment 1594:26-30
Size; how big are raindrops experiment 1915:14-17
Size; how big do raindrops have to be before they
Size; measure and compare size of raindrops and
drizzle experiment 2050:199-203
Size; measure the size of a raindrop experiment
1953:236
Splash pattern of raindrops experiment
1594:33-37
Stroboscope, device to observe falling water drops
and to study their shapes, how to make
1677:21-27
183
RAISINS
RAMPS. See also INCLINCED PLANES
RATIO AND PROPORTION
Activities with ratio and proportion 1825:6-60
RATS
Conditioned responses in rats experiment
1583:115-117
Design maze to study conditioned responses in
rats experiment 1583:116-117
REACTION TIME
Conduct test for reflex speed or reaction time
experiment 1758:88
How fast do you react catching a falling stick
Reaction time measured by dropping and catching ruler experiment 1889:8-10
Record reaction speeds catching a ruler with colored
scale experiment 1725:122
Record reaction time when you have to make a
decision; build box chute with colored balls
1725:124-125
Time needed to catch falling object experiment
2054:58-59
REAGENTS. See INDICATORS
RECORD PLAYERS
Play a record without a record player experiment
1565:17-19
RECYCLING. See also SOLID WASTES
Barometer from glass jar or bottle, how to make
1744:101-103
Beads; small round beads, how to make
1744:27-29
Bird feeder, how to make from juice carton
1744:61-64
Boomerang from heavy cardboard, how to make
1744:73-74
Bottle orchestra from recycled bottles filled with
different amounts of water experiment
1691:24
Bowling game from empty plastic soda bottles,
Bug trap from glass pickle jar, how to make
1744:65-66
Can smasher, how to make from wood boards
and hinge 1970:158
Characteristic color of recycled cardboard experiment 1540:38
Glass bottle reused to make pretty decoration,

how to do 1691:23
Hygrometer measures humidity, make from styrofoam trays 1744:105-111
Jet balloons from straws, balloons and rubber bands,
King of the hill flag from old sheet and broom
handle, how to make 1744:23-26
Kite, make from straws and plastic bags 1744:75-78
Miniature planters from small containers, how to
make 1744:49-51
Mini-pinball from old shoe box, how to make
1744:27-29
Old food cans and string used to make a telephone
1691:27
Old sock puppy puppet, how to make 1691:31
Penny toss from cereal box, how to make
1744:31-33
Plant starters and protectors from clear soft drink
bottles, how to make 1744:59-60
Plastic bottle plant holder, how to make 1691:29
Primary science activities with recycling
1931:58-61
Rain gauge, make from plastic motor oil bottle
1744:113-115
Recycled paper from old newspaper, how to make
1691:21
Recycled paper from old newspapers using moldand-deckle experiment 1574:18-21
Recycled paper from scrap paper, how to make
1550:50
Recycled paper from used paper, how to make
1720:23
Roll-back toy from rubber bands and oatmeal
carton, how to make 1744:79-82
Scarecrow for garden from newspaper, pieces of
wood and old clothes, how to make
1744:53-58
Screamer to imitate animal calls, make from scrap
paper 1744:87-88
Sundial from styrofoam tray and bamboo skewer,
Team toss game from plastic six-pack carrier, how
to make 1744:37-39
Waterwheel from juice carton, styrofoam containers and bamboo skewer, how to make
1744:89-93
RED BLOOD CELLS. See also BLOOD
REDI, FRANCESCO
1987:30-32
184
REFLECTION. See also LIGHTREFLECTION

REFLEX ACTION. See also REACTION TIME
Conduct test for reflex speed or reaction time
experiment 1758:88
REFLEXES
Eyes; what kind of behavior is blinking experiment
1851:44-45
REFRACTION. See also LIGHTREFRACTION
REFRIGERATION
Bacteria in milk grow more slowly when refrigerated experiment 1978:49-51
Heat destroys bacteria in milk experiment
1978:49-51
REFRIGERATORS
Bottle keeps things cool experiment, two containers,
aluminum foil, ice cubes 1532:79
Insulated bottle keeps things cool experiment, how
to make 1532:79
REFUSE AND REFUSE DISPOSAL. See also
LANDFILLS
Observe creature in tree leaf litter and pine tree
litter experiment 1943:29
Wormery to observe earthworms eating leaves
REGELATION. See ICE CUBES
REGENERATION. See also PLANARIANS
REGULATORS
RELATIVE HUMIDITY. See HUMIDITY
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE. See METHANE
REPELLENTS. See also INSECTSREPELLENTS
RESERVOIRS
Model reservoir filtering systems using fine and
coarse sand and pebbles and filters project
1610:29-31
RESONANCE. See also SOUNDRESONANCE
1579:76-80
Massive pendulum swings in very large
swings from small forces experiment
1579:68-71
1579:72-75
Why all buildings are not equal in an earthquake
RESPIRATION. See also BREATHING; HUMAN

BODY; LUNGS
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. See also RESPIRATION
Lung; model lungs from plastic bottle, balloons,
rubber bands and clay experiment
1725:72-73
RETINA. See also BLIND SPOT; EYE; VISION
RETTING. See also ROT
RHEOSTAT. See also ELECTRICITYELECTRIC
CURRENT
Dimmer switch experiment 1657:82-84
RIEMANN, GEORGE F. B.
RIGHT-HANDED. See HANDEDNESS
RIPPLE TANK. See WAVES
RIVERS. See also EROSION
Animals; how clean is your river experiment;
determine what animals are in the water
1721:16-17
Canyons; erosion test in sand demonstrates formation of canyons experiment 1635:28
Delta experiment demonstrates formation of delta
1635:41
Delta formation, how are deltas formed experiment
1752:68
Delta; make delta to demonstrate sand deposits
into delta region, experiment 2052:29
Drainage patterns of rivers experiment; make
model of river, tributaries and drainage
patterns 1635:12-13
Flood a river valley experiment 1635:38
Flood control barriers experiment; build a Thames
barrier 1635:42
Flow of river experiment; make flow meter to
measure 1635:30
Flow; how fast does a river flow experiment
1752:110
Flowing water energy from river experiment; make
waterwheel that works 1635:22-23
How rivers shape the land experiment 1707:46
Ocean salinity; rivers effect on ocean salinity
experiment 1851:83
Path; how does path of river change experiment;
do gradient test 1635:33
185
River load or type of material it picks up and carries

experiment 1635:18
Riverbed; how is a riverbed formed experiment
1535:57-59
Sediment measure of a river experiment using wood
strips, jars, funnels and tubing 1635:18
Sediment; in what order do materials settle in
Shadoof lifts water from river to fields experiment,
how to make one 1635:39
Silt from river; how to make silt 1759:15
Soil; test soil pH to determine soil fertility along
Water filter test of river water experiment
1635:37
Water flows downhill but not in straight line
demonstration 1948:11
Waterfall model demonstrates waterfall, plunge
pool and rapids, how to make 1635:20-21
RIVERSECOSYSTEMS. See also ECOSYSTEMS
ROAD POLLUTION
1569:43-48
ROADS
Why do road crews use salt on icy roads experiment
1751:107
ROBOTS
Make a shiny robot from milk carton and foil
1708:16-17
Make robot from packaging boxes and papier
mache 1636:121-122
ROCK CANDY
Crystals from sugar saturated water experiment
1971:19
Grow sucrose crystals called rock candy experiment
1637:63
How to make rock candy experiment 1564:10-12
1829:6-7
from water, sugar, paper clips and string
1548:36-38
1631:10-12
Rock candy experiment, how to make 1879:86-87
Rock candy from sugar and water, how to make
1599:104
Watch crystals form in rock candy experiment
1831:102
ROCK POOLS
Rock pools observation of animals and sea life
ROCKETS
Action-reaction rocket experiment 2000:18
1606:74-75
Ascending rockets; to what height experiment
1990:86-92
1839:33-38
Balloon rocket and booster rocket experiment
2030:118-119
Balloon rocket leaves trail of smoke experiment
2030:120-121
Balloon rocket on string zooms experiment
1970:53
Balloon rocket shoots upward on tight string
experiment 1831:37
Balloon rocket travels horizontally on stretched
string experiment 1890:24-25
Balloon rocket travels vertically on stretched string
Bottle rocket pressurizes water to drive it upward
Build and fly rocket model experiment
1902:43-48
Goddards experiments with lift and thrust to build
a rocket 1586:178-183
Make from plastic bottle, funnel, cork and plastic
tubing 2043:58-59
Marble in orbit experiment 1990:93-95
Racing rocket model, how to make 2049:30-31
Retrorockets experiments 2030:121-124
Roaring rocket, how to make from cardboard tube
1708:6
Rocket boat, made from milk carton, moves from
balloon power experiment 1890:23-24
Rocket ship, launcher and rocket fuel experiment
1630:10-12
Rocket to launch space shuttle model, how to make
1558:44-45
Space rocket model, how to make from towel tube
and foil 1697:14-15
Straw rocket to make and launch yourself, experiment 2049:27
Two-stage rocket experiment with balloons, paper
cup and string 1890:28-29
Water rocket experiment, make from plastic bottle,
cork and bicycle pump 1890:49-51
What makes a rocket go experiment 1904:11-15
186
ROCKS. See also CRYSTALS; MELTS

Balanced rocks; what prevents a balanced rock
from falling experiment 1535:91-93
Bedrock; effect of different kinds of bedrock on
different kinds of acidity experiment
1550:49-50
Breccia rock formation experiment 2050:105
Buildings and structures of different kinds of rocks
survey in your town project 1738:24
Calcium deposits in rocks experiment using vinegar
2037:269
Canyons; miniature canyon in jar demonstrates
color combinations of canyon walls experiment 1817:49
Coal; how many layers are there in coal experiment 1535:21-23
Conglomerate rock formation experiment
2050:105
Conglomerate rock out of pebbles and sand experiment, how to make 1599:64-65
Conglomerate rock; what is a conglomerate rock
experiment 1842:153
Crystals; what are crystals and how do they grow
Crystals; what type of crystals do rocks have
experiment 1842:152
Density; measure the density of rock experiment
1842:158-159
Electricity; which rocks conduct electricity
Erosion on buildings in your town survey
1738:25
Evaporite halite (rock salt) formation experiment
2050:106
Freezing and weathering experiment 1897:14
Freezing; split a stone with freezing water project
1864:26
Glaciers; how did glaciers affect the landscape
Glaciers; solifluction; what happens to rocks and
stones as glaciers meet experiment 1528:157
Granite, an igneous rock, what is granite made of
experiment 1738:12
Granite; model of a slice of granite rock experiment
1859:44-47
Grouping rocks by their characteristics experiment

1540:39
Hardness scale of minerals, how to make with
equivalents 1746:27
Hardness; how do rocks compare in hardness experiment, Mohs scale given 1842:141-142
Hardness; testing rocks for hardness experiment
1738:11
Hardness; what color streak does a rock make
experiment 1842:143
How are rocks alike and different experiment
1751:86
How can rocks be dissolved in water experiment
1842:148-149
How do rocks react to vinegar experiment
1842:144
How oxygen weathers and weakens structure of
rocks experiment 2054:82-83
How seeds break rocks apart experiment
2054:84-85
1528:157
Igneous rock; how are they formed experiment
1535:10-12
Igneous rock; how is igneous rock formed experiment 1851:98-99
Igneous rock; how is igneous rock formed experiment 1859:60-63
Limestone; bubbling limestone experiment using
piece of limestone and vinegar 1817:39
Limestone; do your rocks fizz in vinegar experiment 1738:11
Limestone; test for limestone in rocks experiment
1953:41
1863:19-20
Magnetic; which rocks are attracted by a magnet
experiment 1842:145
Melting; can solid rock melt experiment
1859:56-59
Metamorphic rock; how is metamorphic rock
formed experiment 1859:52-55
Metamorphic rocks; how are they formed experiment 1535:13-15
Metamorphic; how can metamorphic rock be formed
from sedimentary rock experiment
1851:98-99
Minerals; identifying minerals in rock samples,
how to do 1746:26
Model difference between porphyritic rock and
other types of igneous rocks experiment
2050:91-95
187
Observe and collect roadside rocks and fossils

projects 1865:69-71
Oxygen is present in rocks experiment 1660:75
Primary science activities with rocks 1931:98-101
Pumice, an igneous rock, how heavy is it, does it
float experiment 1738:12
Rain water gets filtered as it moves through rocks
Raindrops; how do raindrops affect rocks experiment 1859:72-75
Rock cycle, how to demonstrate formation of rocks
Rock slides; demonstrate downhill sliding of a rock
slide experiment 1859:73-75
Rust; why rocks have rust on them experiment
1817:30
Sandstone rock model, how to make 1827:23
Sandstone; how does water affect sandstone
Sandstone; what happens when you rub rocks
together experiment 1535:18
Sandstone; what hold sandstone together experiment 1535:16-17
Scratch test to determine hardness of mineral, how
to do 1817:18
Sedimentary rock (limestone) acid test for carbonates
experiment 1827:22
Sedimentary rock formation experiment
2050:103-107
Sedimentary rock formation on ocean floor experiment 1600:39
Sedimentary rock model using colored sands, how
to make 1636:130
Sedimentary rock, how is sedimentary rock formed
Sedimentary rock, how to make 1951:22-23
Sedimentary rock; chemical sedimentary rock
formation experiment 2050:105-106
Sedimentary rock; how are ripple marks formed
in sedimentary rock experiment 1738:14
Sedimentary rock; how are they formed experiment
1535:7-9
Sedimentary rock; how is sedimentary rock formed
from igneous rock experiment 1851:98
Sedimentary rock; lithification process by which
sediment is converted to sedimentary rock
experiment 2050:105
Shattering of rocks experiment; which is the
strongest rock 1738:26
Size; what is the difference between a boulder,
cobble and pebble experiment 1535:24-26
Slate, a metamorphic rock, why does slate split
experiment 1738:13
Small rocks under microscope experiment

2027:55-56
Soil particles experiment to find out how rocks
are formed 1838:36
Soil particles sink to bottom of jar of water demonstrating rock formation 1596:36
Specific gravity; calculating the specific gravity
of your rocks experiment 1746:22-23
Splitting of rock; can seeds break rocks apart
Streak test to see how different minerals make
different colored streaks, how to do
1817:18
1975:161-162
Tumbler, homemade rock tumbler polishes rocks,
how to make 1864:148-149
Water absorption; do your rocks soak up water
experiment 1738:11
Water; can rocks absorb water experiment
2037:254
Weathering; how does oxygen and water weather
a rock experiment 1859:68-71
Weathering; large boulders or rocks are broken
down into tiny pebbles by freezing water
experiment 1603:32
Weathering; sand in soil is from rocks worn down
by erosion experiment 1603:10
What is difference between rock and mineral
experiment 1859:4-7
What is the difference between rocks and minerals
What lives under a rock experiment 1751:53
Why rocks in streams and rivers are smooth
experiment 1751:87
ROCKSCOLLECTION AND PRESERVATION
Classifying, labeling and arranging your rock and
mineral collection, how to do 1746:32-33
Collect, clean and organize rocks into groups
1549:19-22
Collect, label and classify rocks, how to do
1802:30-31
Geologists envelopes to carry small fossils, sand
or rocks, how to make 1746:18-19
How to collect and label rocks 2018:47-54
How to collect and store your rocks (Primary)
1557:20-21
How to collect, sort and classify rocks
1640:114-115
How to label a mineral and rock collection
1859:80-83
How to start a rock collection 1842:154-155
188
Make a museum for your rocks and crystals, how

to do 1738:7
Sifting screen to sift dirt, wooden frame, cloth,
how to make 2046:31
Sifting soil to find rocks, how to set up rock collection 2046:85-86
Taking samples from rocks, how to do 1746:19
ROCKSCRAFTS
Mobile of small, pretty rocks, how to make
1599:117-118
Rock necklace or ring, rocks, soft wire, string,
making 1599:91-92
RODENTS. See also MICE; RATS; SQUIRRELS
ROLLER BLADES
What is relationship between speed and stopping
distance on roller blades experiment
1567:14-16
ROLLER DERBY
Film cans and ramp roller derby experiment, how
to graph 2039:19-20
ROLLERS
Non-round rollers experiment; flat panel rolls
smoothly on non-circular rollers
1579:59-67
ROOFS. See also DOMES
Cantilever roof experiment, how to make
1532:52
Folded barrel roof experiment, how to make from
paper, tongue depressors, pencils, thread
1532:53
Simple demonstration of weight of roof spread
out over walls 1783:14-15
Power of roots experiment with seeds planted in
eggshell 1546:37
Root hairs suck up more water than one large root
experiment 1540:64
ROOTS. See also PLANTSROOTS
ROOTSDIRECTION OF GROWTH. See also
PLANTSTROPISMS
ROT. See also DECAY; MOLDS
Mold rots a red pepper experiment 1546:8
Rotting tree trunk experiment, what can be found
there 1751:88
Will it rot experiment using 4 holes in soil with
fruit, newspaper, plant leaf and piece of
plastic wrap 1545:28
ROTATIONAL MOTION
1579:55-58
ROTIFERS. See also PROTOZOA
Collect tardigrada or water bears by soaking moss
or lichens in water experiment 1661:69
RUBBER. See also ELASTICITY; LATEX
1637:51
2002:81-93
Test cold and warm rubber balls for bounce experiment 1771:33-37
RUBBER BANDS
Change length of polymer or rubber band by
stretching it experiment 1675:50-53
Characteristics of elasticity in rubber band experiment 2045:86-87
Come-back toy demonstrates stored potential
energy in rubber bands experiment
1839:133-139
Heat affects movement of molecules in rubber
band experiment 1851:122-123
Merry-go-round powered by rubber band experiment 2000:112-113
Power a racer with a rubber band experiment
1844:52-53
Rattle mouth model makes loud noise experiment
2000:118
Roll back can demonstrates rubber band transforming energy experiment 1851:125
Roll back can experiment demonstrates energy
1938:49-50
Roll back can experiment with coffee can, rubber
band, weights and string 1890:17-18
Roll back can experiment, how to make 1931:157
Roll back toy from rubber bands and oatmeal
carton, how to make 1744:79-82
1659:15-17
Rubber band roll back can experiment
1902:113-116
Stretching rubber band causes it to heat up experiment 1884:20
Stretching rubber band changes chemical energy
into heat energy experiment 1884:20
Thread spool crawls by winding rubber band inside
189
Twister; cardboard, rubber band and paper clip

twister experiment 1884:12-16
RUBBINGS
Bark and leaf rubbings, how to do 1973:26
City design rubbings, how to make 1830:137
RUBBINGSBARK. See also BARK RUBBINGS
RUMFORD, COUNT
Count Rumfords theory of heat experiments
1586:104-107
RUST. See also IRON; OXIDATION
Air or oxygen needed for rusting experiment using
nails buried in ground 1987:61
Effect of salt, vinegar, cold and oil on rust experiment 1938:34-36
Factors that affect rusting; nails in water, vinegar
and ammonia experiment 1987:60-61
Humidity affects speed of rusting experiment
2050:101-102
Magnetic properties of iron and rust compared
experiment 1936:17

1673:48-50
Rust or oxidation of nail in salt solution experiment 1906:49-52
What causes rusting experiment 1710:33
What is rust experiment with steel or iron metal
1864:85-86
What is rust experiment with steel wool, jars and
water 1844:19-20
Which iron rusts most quickly and which gains
Why rocks have rust on them experiment 1817:30
Will certain household products prevent rust
project 2012:54-56
RUTHERFORD, ERNEST
190
&
SACCHARIN
SAFES
Model safe with combination lock experiment,
how to make 1532:89
SAFETY GLASS
Perform an experiment like Benedictus discovery
of safety glass 1771:55-56
SAILBOATS. See also BOATSSAILS
Dynamic lift principle project 1864:195-197
Hulls; testing hulls for staying upright experiment
1895:16-17
Masts; best size and position for mast on sailing
ship experiment 1838:18-19
Sails; which sails make boat go faster experiment
1838:18
Size and shape of boat, salt or freshwater determines
boats ability to float and carry most weight
SAILBOATSMODELS
Matchbox sailboat harnesses the wind experiment
1890:34-35
SAILS. See also SAILBOATS; BOATSSAILS
SAKIA
1896:22-23
SALAMANDERS
Homemade clay salamanders, how to make
1805:116
How do newts and salamanders hear without
external ears experiment 2054:56-57
How to keep salamander in a terrarium 1916:21
SALINITY
experiment 1784:13
Salty sea water kills land plants experiment
1784:14
Sea water contains dissolved salt experiment
1784:12
S
SALINITYOCEAN. See also OCEANSALINITY
SALIVA. See also HUMAN BODY
Iodine and saliva effect on starch samples experiment with microscope 2027:66-67
SALT
Crystals; how salt, sugar and baking soda dissolve
and crystallize experiment 1833:78
Crystals; make crystals from crystals of salt experiment 1676:19-21
Crystals; make salt crystals on a string experiment
1833:79
Crystals; saltwater crystals experiment 1953:59
Evaporation of ocean water produces sea salt
experiment 1795:27
How much solute can be dissolved into a certain
volume of water experiment 1693:17
How salt affects water in cells experiment
1849:116-118
How to get salt from sea water experiment
1895:12-13
1961:17
How to get salt from sea water experiments with
evaporation 1857:24-27
Iodine; can you detect the iodine in iodized salt
Molecule model of salt made from clay and
toothpicks 1548:29
Ocean; collecting salt from ocean waters experiment 1540:52
1569:43-48
Salinity of sea water experiment, how to prepare
three solutions 1851:83
Salt effect on freezing point of water experiment
1693:13
191

Salt is more soluble in hot water experiment
1833:61
1707:88-89
Salt solution recipes 1840:223
Saltern, place where salt is produced by the solar
process, how to demonstrate 1851:82-83
Sun used to separate salt from saltwater experiment
1851:82-83
Taste; test you ability to taste salt experiment
with six different strengths of salty water
1546:91
What happens to saltwater when sea water freezes
experiment 1600:24
Where does salt come from experiment 1906:53-54
Which is more soluble in water, salt or sugar
experiment 1833:60
Why do road crews use salt on icy roads experiment
1751:107
SALTWATER. See also SEAWATER; WATER
SALT WATER
Can bleach be made from saltwater experiment
1672:33-36
Carrot sinks or floats in fresh or saltwater experiment 1886:14-17
Collecting salt from ocean water experiment
1540:52
Density of different salt solutions experiment
using homemade hydrometer 1550:132-133
Density of saltwater lets egg float experiment
1528:129
Effects of saltwater on some living tissues experiment 1758:26
Egg floats better in saltwater experiment
1947:20-21
Egg floats in saltwater and sinks in freshwater
experiment 1680:30
Egg floats in saltwater experiment 1879:24-25
Estuary; how does saltwater mix in an estuary
Freshwater made from saltwater experiment
1657:44-46
Get salt out of water experiment 1886:17-19

How can salt be removed from ocean water experiment 1752:51
Make sea water experiment 2052:18
Plants; can distilled sea water be used to water
Purify sea water to get drinking water experiment
1528:128-129
Remove salt from saltwater experiment
1603:30-31
Rivers effect on ocean salinity experiment
1851:83
Salt added to water increases its buoyant force
Salt dissolves in water and warm water experiment
1948:13
Saltwater distillation experiment 1710:21
Saltwater freezes more slowly than freshwater
experiment 1680:30
Separate salt from saltwater experiment
1601:4-5
Separate salt from water experiment 1637:34
Solid ice absorbs more heat than liquid saltwater
Water purification of saltwater experiment
1540:59
Which freezes first; salt or plain water experiment
1640:21
Why is it easier to float in the ocean than in a
swimming pool experiment 1751:37
SALVAGE
Lifting buried treasure experiment 1838:21
SAND
Beach; find meteorites or cosmic sand at the beach
Beach; test beach sand to discover where it came
from experiment 1959:160-161
Classifying grains of sand experiment 1746:16
Color; what color is sand experiment 1751:50
Colored sand in layers in jar, how to make
1640:118-119
Does every grain of sand look the same project
1876:157-169
Dry sand versus wet sand experiment; which heats
faster and retains heat better 1534:113
Explore behavior of sand coated with a waterproof
material experiment 1840:183-188
Hardness of different sands experiment, make
sandpaper for each type 1550:93
Heat capacities of sand and water compared experiment 1528:70
192
SCIENCE FAIR PROJECTS. See also SCIENCE

FAIRS; SCIENCE PROJECTS
400 ideas for science fair projects 1539:185-194
Completing an award winning project
1539:38-43
Conducting an experiment 1539:16-20
Getting started on science fair projects 1539:10-15
Guide to science fair projects; at the fair what
happens 1539:7-9
How to choose, plan and complete a science fair
project 1865:all
Organizing and displaying the data 1539:21-26
SCIENCE PROJECTS. See also SCIENCE FAIR
PROJECTS
Conducting an experiment 1841:76-86
Graphing and analyzing your data 1841:96-101
How to display science projects 1541:10-13
How to display your project 1563:28-29
How to display your projects 1562:28-29
How to follow the scientific method for your
How to select, research and present a project
1802:6-15
Organize your project for deadlines and schedules,
how to do 2012:74-82
Planning your project 1841:54-64
Preparing your project for display 1841:102-110
Preparing your report 1841:87-95
Presenting your project 1841:111-120
Project display, how to present your project
2012:205-213
Project question and hypothesis, how to do
2012:133-136
Results and conclusions, how to organize and
interpret your data 2012:174-186
Scientific processes used by scientists
1841:65-75
Selecting a topic, how to do 1841:10-31
Statistics and how to use them in your science
project 1915:136-141
Types of projects to choose, planning, doing,
writing and exhibiting the project
1979:7-104
Types of projects to undertake 1841:32-53
Writing the background research paper, how to
do 2012:87-98
SCINTILLATIONS. See also STARS
Magnetic minerals in sand experiment 1746:30

Quicksand; cornstarch mixture demonstrates quicksand experiment 1953:174
Sand clay objects dry to rock-hard consistency,
Sand compacted in balloon experiment
1659:30-32
Sand goop for sculptures, how to make
1967:17
Sand is made up of crushed rocks and minerals
Sand under microscope experiment 2027:53-54
What is sand experiment 1751:52
SAND CLOCKS
Sand clock, plastic bottles, sand, straw, paints,
making 1599:121-122
SANITARY LANDFILLS. See LANDFILLS
SATELLITES. See also MODELS
SATURN. See also PLANETS
SCALESMEASUREMENT
Balance scale measures small objects, how to make
1668:22-23
Calibrated money bank toy model demonstrates
weighing things 1887:12-13
Microbalance scale so sensitive it can weigh thread
experiment 1532:82
Rubber band scale used to compare weights of
small objects experiment 1668:24
Simple ruler and rubber band scale, how to make
1938:6-7
1532:83
SCARECROWS
How to make scarecrow from old clothes, two
sticks and stuffing 1757:84-87
SCAVENGERS. See BIODEGRADABILITY
SCHOOLS
Map your school grounds for existing habitats
experiment 1723:27
SCHOOLSENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
Survey to investigate use of materials in your
school 1720:17
What recycling and what energy conservation is
done in your school 1720:17
SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS. See also
INVESTIGATIONSSCIENCE
EXPERIMENTS
193
SCREWS. See also SIMPLE MACHINES

SCREWS
SCULPTURE
Sculpture formula for making carved sculptures
2001:57
SCUM
SEA BREEZES. See also OCEAN WINDS
Determine cause of land and sea breezes experiment 1850:162-165
1850:155-165
Sand and rice used to demonstrate land and sea
breezes experiment 1528:65
SEABIRDS
What happens when a seabird gets oil on its feathers
SEALS
SEASHELLS. See also OCEAN SHORELINES;
SHELLS
Seashell wind chime, how to make 1572:31
Seashells dissolve in vinegar experiment
1660:25
Showcase to display shells you find at seashore,
SEASHORE
Beach transect to measure life at different beach
levels experiment 1973:68-69
Different types of shorelines and tide changes
Fishing net to gather seashore specimens, how to
make 1973:64-65
Rock pools observation of animals and sea life
Tide pool viewer to observe inhabitants experiment, plastic pipe, Plexiglas, tape
1546:17
SEASHORE BIOLOGY. See BARNACLES;
LIMPETS; MUSSELS; PERIWINKLES;
SEA STARS; SEAWEED
SEASHORE ECOLOGY
Burrowers and diggers in sand; how to collect and
observe 1812:17
sand 1812:11
Diorama of seashore; rocks, plants and shore

animals, how to do 1812:32
SEASONS
Angles of Suns rays affect their strength experiment 1753:71
How the Sun affects the seasons experiment
1850:125-134
Seasons of the year depend on tilt of the Earth
Summer; why is it hotter in summer experiment
1737:9
When does solar energy change the seasons experiment 1905:73-75
Why do seasons happen experiment 1737:8
Why we have seasons experiment 1953:214-215
Winter; why are the days so short in winter experiment 1737:10
Winter; why the Earth is cooler in winter experiment 1850:132-134
Winter; why winter comes to certain areas at certain
times of the year experiment 1751:123
SEASONSFALL. See also FALL
SEASONSSPRING. See also SPRING
SEASONSSUMMER. See also SUMMER
SEASONSWINTER. See also WINTER
SEAT BELTS
How seat belt reduces danger involved in automobile collision 1609:99-100
Law of inertia applied to automobile and seat
belt safety, crash testing experiment
1839:101-106
Ride safely on a toy car experiment 1990:60-61
1609:100-103
belt 1532:103
Why do we have to wear seat belts experiments
1857:78-81
SEAWATER. See also SALTWATER
Colors of light; different colors of light are bent
by water in caves experiment 1550:123
Crystals; compare regular water and sea water
for crystal formation experiment 1833:79
194

Density of saltwater lets egg float experiment
1528:129
Density; compare density of ocean and freshwater
experiment 1851:85
Evaporation of ocean water produces sea salt
experiment 1795:27
Floating in salt and freshwater experiment
1895:14-15
Freshwater from saltwater using solar still experiment 1600:68-69
1895:12-13
How to get salt from sea water experiment 1961:17
How to get salt out of sea water experiments with
evaporation 1857:24-27
Hydrometer measures density of sea water
Hydrometer, how to make to demonstrate sea
water is denser than tap water, experiment
2052:12
experiment 1550:161
Make sea water experiment 2052:18
Plants; can distilled sea water be used to water
Plants; salty sea water kills land plants experiment
1784:14
Purify sea water to get drinking water experiment
1528:128-129
three solutions 1851:83
experiment 1784:13
Sea water contains dissolved salt experiment
1784:12
Sun used to separate salt from saltwater experiment 1851:82-83
What happens to saltwater when sea water freezes
experiment 1600:24
SEAWATER SALINITY. See OCEAN SALINITY
SEAWEED. See also ALGAE
Does algae have any medicinal qualities experiment 1569:116-120
Dried seaweed print, how to make 2022:126

Forecast the weather with seaweed experiment
1752:43
How seaweed sticks to rocks experiment
1752:42
How to collect, preserve and mount seaweed
1845:10-14
Photographs of seaweed that are easy to find
1846:16-30
Pressed seaweed experiment 1633:141
Pressing seaweed, how to do 1930:78-79
Seaweed pictures, how to do 1973:73
Seaweed press, how to make 1601:15-16
SECRET MESSAGES
Chemical changes help you write secret messages
experiment 1844:21
Colored filter decodes secret messages experiment
1578:21-24
How to write and read secret messages experiment
1831:130
Lemon juice secret message experiment 1967:110
Lemon juice secret messages experiments
1740:62-63
Lemon juice secret messages experiments
1953:36-37
SECRET WRITING. See also CHEMISTRY
TRICKS; INVISIBLE INKS; PIGPEN
CIPHER
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS. See also ROCKS
SEDIMENTATION. See also EROSION
SEDIMENTS. See CLAY; EROSION; DIRT;
MUD; ROCKS; SOIL
SEED SHRIMP. See OSTRACODS
SEEDS
Drying frame for seeds, how to make
1572:104-105
Enzyme; test for amount of enzyme, diastase,
present in seeds experiment 1876:134
How seeds break rocks apart experiment
2054:84-85
Key to classify seeds found in your kitchen, how
to do experiment 1918:113-114
Lima bean; why is a lima bean a seed experiment
1934:33-35
Lima beans; how much water do lima beans absorb
experiment 1984:15
Nutrients in seeds, science principles, activities
Save some seeds from your garden vegetables and
fruits, how to do 1555:122
195
Starch; does lima bean or corn seed contain starch

experiment 1984:16
SEEDSANATOMY
Lima bean seeds; examine for embryo or small
plant inside experiment 1603:39-40
Parts of seed experiment using lima bean
1751:23
Structures of lima beans, red kidney beans and
corn seeds, how to examine experiment
1984:11-14
Whats inside a seed experiment 2048:74-76
SEEDSDISPERSAL
Airborne seeds of dandelions sprout and germinate
Collect seeds on socks over your shoes experiment
1750:26-27
Hitchhiking seeds on your sock experiment
1655:30-31
How do seeds travel experiment 1843:10-11
How do seeds travel, science principles, activities
How does a dandelion plant spread experiment
1934:57-59
How seeds spread experiment, make model of
tree seeds 1893:14-15
How you affect spreading of plant seeds in your
Pine cones react to wet weather to protect seeds
experiment 1751:7
Seed collecting sticky wristband experiment
1582:11-12
Socks; collect seeds on white socks worn outside
experiment 1864:165
Socks; plant seeds hitch a ride on socks experiment,
magnifying glass needed 1707:73
Socks; seed hitchhikers, gather from your socks
and plant experiment 1734:38
Traveling seeds experiment 1645:22-23
Unknown plants in your backyard, how to plant
and grow seeds to identify the plants experiment 1865:62-64
Which seeds blow the farthest experiment 1582:19
SEEDSFRUIT. See also FRUITS
Plant avocado pit or other fruit seeds in soil experiment 1546:38
SEEDSGERMINATION
Acid rain effect on growth of seeds over 7-day
period experiment 1898:113-114
Air needed for seeds to germinate experiment;
coat seeds with Vaseline 1984:27-28
Air; how does air affect seed growth experiment
1734:26
Alfalfa seeds sprout in eggshells experiment

1531:37
Bean seed and colored water experiment to demonstrate parts of seed 1582:12-13
Bean seed germinates and grows in glass of water
letting you see what happens experiment
1546:33
Bean seed power experiment, plant grows through
plaster of Paris 1998:65
Bean seeds continue to grow into plants without
cotyledon experiment 1582:31
Bean seeds germinate and grow experiment
1909:14-15
Bean seeds grow in plastic sandwich bag, how to
do 1555:25
Bean seeds grown in the dark and in the light
experiment 1631:18
Bean seeds in jars experiment; which will grow,
fresh beans, canned beans, frozen beans or
dried beans 1642:9-10
Bean seeds lift pennies as they grow experiment
1555:91
Bean seeds need what amount of water and air to
Bean seeds sprout and grow into plant experiment
1650:28-29
Bean seeds sprout in paper towels in jar experiment
1971:29
Bean seeds without cotyledons; can they grow
Bean seeds; breaking down seed coats experiment
1540:26-27
Bean soaked, planted grows into bean plant experiment 1772:unp
Bean sprouts in salad experiment 1642:10-11
Beans sprout in clear glass jar experiment
1531:36
Beans; are other beans as hydrophilic (attract water)
Beans; can bean plants get too much water experiment 1651:134-135
Beans; do bean seeds imbibe water at a constant
Beans; do bean seeds need moisture to start growing experiment 1651:116-117
Beans; do lima bean seeds need rich soil to start
Beans; do nutrients affect germination starting
time experiment 1854:44-47
Beans; do other beans and peas develop the same
Beans; does depth of seed planting affect germination starting time experiment 1854:44-47
196
Beans; does light affect germination starting time

Beans; does pressure on bean seeds affect
imbibition (water absorption) experiment
1854:40-43
Beans; how does imbibition (water absorption)
affect seed coat of bean experiment
1854:40-43
Beans; how does pinto bean seedling develop
experiment 1854:48
Beans; how does water affect pinto bean seeds
Beans; how long does it take pinto beans to start
Beans; rate of growth for hypcotyl experiment
1854:48-51
Beans; which part of embryo in pinto bean seed
develops first experiment 1854:36-39
Beans; will bean plants grow in salted soil experiment 1651:126-127
Cant grow wrong experiment with lima beans
roots grow down and stems grow up
1869:66-75
Carbon dioxide production and oxygen consumption by germinating seeds experiment
1638:43-48
Citrus seeds germinate and grow into plants, how
to do 1862:18-19
Corn and beans; compare stems and root systems
of each plant experiment 1854:52-55
Corn and beans; differences between monocots
and dicots experiment 1854:52-55
Corn; what are the first signs of corn seed germination experiment 1854:52-55
Cotyledon removal; determine how seedlings are
affected by removal of cotyledons experiment
1638:36-38
Cress seeds germination affected by light, temperature, water and soil experiment 1909:8-9
Cress seeds need light to germinate experiment
1909:8-9
Depth of planting seeds affects germination and
plant growth experiment 1984:38-39
Depth; can seeds be planted too deep experiment
1651:112-113
Do seeds planted upside down know up from down
Fertilizer; will fertilizer help seedling grow experiment 1734:36-37
Freezing temperatures effect on germinating seeds
Fruit; grow fruit plants from seeds experiment
1603:45
Germinate seeds to observe their cotyledons

experiment 1758:89
Germination percentage of different types of seeds
Grass seeds grow in hollowed out potato experiment 1685:30
Grass seeds grow in sawdust heads, how to do
1862:14-15
Grass seeds grown in eggshell experiment
1640:34-35
Grass seeds planted on sponges and in egg cartons
with soil substitutes grow experiment
1631:22-24
Grow seeds in a jar to observe growth experiment
1942:28-29
Grow small flower seeds experiment 1909:10-11
Growing grass on a turntable experiment
1984:40-41
Growing tip of plant is strong experiment 1750:6-7
Herbs; make an indoor herb garden 1909:28-29
How to start seeds growing indoors or out experiment 1757:6-9
Kitchen seeds sprout experiment 1856:72-75
Light affects germination of radish seeds experiment 1984:31-32
Light on soil needed for mustard seed germination
Light on the soil needed to germinate mustard seeds
Light; how does light affect seed growth experiment
1734:28
Lima bean seeds in plastic bag sprout experiment
1970:79
Lima bean seeds planted in ordinary sand and
seashore sand experiment 1984:42
Lima bean; how lima bean seed grows into a plant
Lima beans sprout experiment 1729:211-212
Microwaves effect on seeds experiment
1540:20-21
Mini greenhouse for indoor seedlings, how to make
1555:24
Moisture needed to germinate seeds experiment
1540:29
Name spelled with germinating seeds experiment
1603:48
Name; grow your name from seeds experiment
1555:82
Names; grow your own name with cress seeds
Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels change when
seeds respire experiment 1638:43-48
197
Peas; do pea plants need light to start growing

Plant seeds and place some in refrigerator, in a
warm room, in a warm dark room, with no
Planting seeds in containers, how to do 1734:20-21
Propagator for germinating seeds, how to make
from plastic bottle 1695:29
Pumpkin seeds; how to grow 1538:unp
Radish seeds; what do they need to germinate on
different materials experiment 1582:15
Root hairs on germinating seeds experiment
1593:75-77
Seed cells need water and sunlight to start growing experiment 1707:85
Seeds germinate in glass jar with paper towels and
Seeds need light and warmth to grow experiment
1938:59-60
Seeds need to take in water to start growing experiment 1603:43
Seeds send roots down and stems up experiment
1750:4-5
Seeds sprout if placed on water-soaked sponge
Seeds sprout with or without soil experiment
1832:63-65
Sensitive plant, mimosa pudica seeds, how to
germinate 1862:4-5
Soils; different kinds of soils affect on germination
experiment 1984:37
Soils; do seeds grow in different kinds of soil
Sowing depth; determine best depth for different
kinds of seeds experiment 1638:39-42
Sprout head in decorated eggshells experiment
1546:41
Temperature, light and water are needed for seeds
to germinate experiment 1984:25-26
Temperature; cold, cool or warm air makes
difference to seed starting experiment
1651:102-103
Temperature; how does temperature affect seed
Watch growth of roots and shoots experiment
1603:44
Watch seeds grow in light and dark experiment
1843:8-9
Water amount is important to bean seeds experiment 1998:22
Water helps seeds sprout experiment, one seed

pot with and one without water 1867:25
Water; how does water affect seed growth experiment 1734:25
Water; how much water do lima bean seeds need
to sprout experiment 1742:43-45
Water; how much water do seeds need experiment
2041:14-15
Watercress seeds sprout in little carton trains, how
to do 1862:26-27
Ways to make seeds germinate faster experiment
1742:29-31
What do plants need in order to grow experiment
with lima beans 1843:24-25
What does a seed need to germinate and grow
What happens if seed leaves are removed after
sprouting experiment 1734:31
What happens if seed leaves are removed before
planting experiment 1734:29-30
What happens to seeds in a microwave oven
What is most important to seed growthlight,
warmth or water experiment 1826:25
What seeds need to begin growing experiment
1603:41-42
Will seeds sprout in a refrigerator experiment
1742:46-48
SEEDSIMBIBITION
Bean seed imbibition experiment 1638:25-30
Imbibition pressure; determine how much pressure
imbibing seeds can generate experiment
1638:28-29
Measure rate of seed mass increase during imbibition experiment 1638:26-28
Measure rate of seed volume increase during
imbibition experiment 1638:25-26
SEEDSSPROUTS. See also SPROUTS
SEEDSTREES. See also TREES
Pine cones; what are the seeds in pine cones experiment 1751:75
SEISMOGRAPH. See also EARTHQUAKES
Graphs of earthquake motions presenting horizontal and vertical motions experiment
2029:47-49
Seismograph measures vibrations and intensity
of earthquakes, how to make and use
1599:28-29
Seismograph model shows how magnitude of
earthquake is measured experiment
1851:90-91
198
Seismograph model to measure shaking of Earth,

Simple seismograph, how to make 1953:143
SEISMOMETER
Two types of seismometers to measure horizontal
and vertical motions, how to build
2020:42-44
SENSES. See also GERBILS
Fruits recognized by using all the senses experiment 1540:12-13
Primary activities to observe and demonstrate the
five senses 1880:1-48
Properties of solids and liquids while making butter
Senses used to investigate and enjoy popcorn
Sight, touch and smell test of foods 1728:67
Touch and smell, three experiments to test food
1728:68-69
Where are our sense organs experiment
1906:96-99
SENSESHEARING. See also HEARING
Big Ben noise amplifier toy experiment
1790:121-125
Paper cup telephone demonstrates sound travels
through solids experiment 1790:127-132
SENSESSIGHT. See also VISION
Air takes up space experiment with balloon in a
bottle 1790:105-112
Air takes up space experiment with tissue in cup
staying dry experiment 1790:113-117
SENSESSMELL
Different smells travel through wall of balloon
Faint and strong smells experiment 1728:72-73
Food; is smell important to taste in many different
kinds of food or only a few 1571:100-101
Get well smells used in medicines experiment
1728:82-83
How sniffing affects the intensity of smells experiment 1860:101-106
Identifying substances by smell experiment
1790:135-140
Locate perfume by following your nose experiment 1595:70-71
Releasing smells experiment 1728:76-77
Scents can travel through wall of balloon experiment 1790:141-150

Scratch and sniff stickers; bubble wrap used to
model microencapsulation used in scratchand-sniff stickers experiment 1840:45-51
Scratch-and-sniff challenge to identify substances
by smell experiment 1790:151-158
See how fast odors travel using scent recipes
1840:31-36
Smell tests on food 1728:70-71
Smell threshold concentration experiment with
flavoring extracts 1725:159
Smells that make you cry experiment 1728:77
parts to which part of animals body responds
Which smells are easy to identify experiment using
foods and non-foods 1725:158
SENSESTASTE. See also SENSESTASTE
AND SMELL; TASTE
Cant taste what you cant smell experiment with
jellybeans 1604:16-17
Does your nose help you taste food experiment
1934:18-20
Fading or diminishing flavor experiment; demonstrate habituation of taste with solutions of
sugar 1725:162
Foods that pop experiments with Zotz candy, Pop
Rocks 1790:177-181
How does tongue taste food experiment 1889:30-32
How does tongue taste sugar experiment
1934:16-17
How one taste masks another experiment using
salt and sugar solutions 1725:161
Is smell important to taste in many different kinds
of food or only a few 1571:100-101
Lemon flavored potato experiment; confuse brain
by combining flavor of one food with texture
of another 1725:162
Salt; test you ability to taste salt experiment with
six different strengths of salty water 1546:91
Sense of sight can fool us in identifying gelatin
flavors experiment 1790:161-166
Strength or concentration of flavor has effect on
how much we like it experiment 1725:163
Using taste to identify four white solids experiment
1790:167-175
When dont your taste buds work experiment
1905:87-88
Which food you can identify using your taste buds
alone experiment 1725:160
Why do foods taste different experiment
1858:110-113
199
SEWING MACHINES
Drum machine model demonstrates movement of
sewing machine 1887:14-15
SEX RATIO
SEXTANT
Build sextant to chart position of stars experiment
1586:120-125
SHADOW CLOCKS (SUNDIALS). See also
SUNDIALS
Make from cardboard, stick and clay experiment
2033:11
Shadow clock experiment, how to do 1587:62-64
SHADOWS
Activities with shadows 1837:8-13
Capture your shadow on paper 1639:76-77
Closeness to light affects shadow size experiment
1844:87-88
Drawing shadows, how to do 1785:33-34
How can the Moon block the Suns light experiment 2054:36-37
How does a magnifying lens affect shadows
experiment 1753:99
1576:16-20
Length of shadow outside in sunlight measurements
during day experiment 1547:15-18
Measure and record your shadow at different times
during the day experiment 1818:33
Night creatures experiment using cutouts
1917:38-39
Objects, Sun and shadows experiment 1587:22-25
Primary science activities with shadows
1931:70-73
Same objects cast different shadows throughout
the day experiment 1753:72
Shadow box experiments using artificial and sunlight and compare results 1913:43-46
Shadow box game experiments with 2-D and 3-D
objects 1913:47-60
Shadow box game experiments with transparent
objects 1913:66-79
Shadow box game experiments with wire shapes
1913:60-65
Shadow box, small laboratory to experiment with
shadows, how to make 1913:37-46
Shadow experiment demonstrates light travels in
Shadow map; trace shapes to follow path of Sun
experiment 1531:31
SENSESTASTE AND SMELL. See also

SENSESTASTE; TASTE
Determine if smell and taste are linked senses
Taste test for sense of smell and taste working
together experiment 1726:51
SENSESTOUCH. See also TOUCH
Blurring the sense of touch experiment 1725:167
Body map or homunculus of touch cortex experiment 1604:20-21
Chart on a grid where you feel cold, pressure and
discomfort experiment 1546:93
Experiment to fool temperature receptors in your
hands 1546:93
Experiment with sense of touch using feathers
1617:13
How sensitive is your skin to touch experiment
1934:13-15
Identify things by touch alone experiment
1725:166
Map touch sensors on your body; where are
the fewest and the most experiment
1879:55-56
Reading by touch experiment with map pins stuck
into cork tiles 1725:167
Touch gauge to measure what parts of body are
most sensitive to touch experiment, how to
make gauge 1725:164-165
Touch test to identify objects experiment
1726:54
Trick sense of touch with bowls of water at different temperatures 1751:112
Which parts of human skin have the most touch
receptors experiment 1571:30-32
SENSORY PERCEPTION
SEPARATION. See also MIXTURES
SEWAGE TREATMENT. See also WASTE
TREATMENT
SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
Analysis of bacteria and heavy metal content of
sewage before and after treatment experiment
1539:136-137
200
Shadow puppets demonstrate what happens when

object blocks path of light 1640:128-129
Shadow theater, how to do 1699:76-79
Shadows change direction and size during the
day, science principles, activities and data
sheets 1875:148-150
Shadows in artificial light experiment
1913:27-35
Shadows in sunlight experiments 1913:17-26
Shadows that grow and shadows that dont grow
Shape of shadow changes in sunlight experiment
1751:55
Shapes and sizes of shadows experiment
1699:74-75
Sharp and fuzzy shadows experiment 1587:35-38
Temperatures of anti-red/anti-blue shadows from a
What can you make with a shadow experiment
1844:85-86
Why does my shadow change size experiments
1857:84-87
SHADUF
Shaduf model, make from sticks, clay, string and
stone 1896:8-9
SHAPES
Non-round rollers experiment; flat panel rolls
smoothly on non-circular rollers 1579:59-67
Stokes Law applies to non-spherical objects
dropped in viscous fluids experiment
1539:163-165
Wooden stool demonstrates strength of shapes,
how to build experiment 1802:46-47
SHARKS
2002:129-138
SHEEP
Observe differences in maternal behavior of experienced and inexperienced sheep mothers
SHELLS. See also SEASHELLS
Imprint; make a permanent shell imprint in plaster
of Paris experiment 1842:160-161
See inside a shell experiment, using sandpaper to
scrape holes in shells 1546:19
Vinegar dissolves seashells experiment 1752:72
What does inside of shell look like experiment
1751:43
What is inside a shell, experiment 2052:37

SHELLSCOLLECTION AND PRESERVATION
Collecting shells at seashore and making shell
tracings, how to do 1812:15
Shell collection; how to clean, identify and store
1812:34
Showcase to display shells you find at seashore,
SHIPS. See also BOATS
Buoyancy; demonstrate principle of buoyancy in
model ocean liner experiment 1864:200
Cargo ships; how much cargo will boat carry
before it sinks experiment 1838:16
Floating; modeling clay in water demonstrates
why ships float experiment 1707:17
Hull shapes tested for speed in water experiment
1748:17
Metal ships experiment, make from aluminum foil,
wood and plastic containers 1838:15
Speed; determine method used by early sailors to
determine speed of ships experiment
1853:44-46
Up-thrust of ships, how to measure experiment
2016:51
SHOCK WAVES
Shock waves effect experiment 1903:71-74
SHOES
Testing shoes for grip on ice experiment
1897:20-21
SHORELINES. See also OCEAN SHORELINES
Different types of shorelines and tide changes
What happens when waves constantly hit the shore
SHRIMPBRINE. See also BRINE SHRIMP
SIAMESE FIGHTING FISH
Aggressive behavior of Siamese fighting fish
SIDEREAL DAY. See TIME
SIGN LANGUAGE
Invent your own sign language experiment
1595:92
SIGNALS. See also CODES; MORSE CODE
SILHOUETTES
Use sunshine to make silhouettes 1830:140
201
SILLY PUTTY
How does Silly Putty pull a cartoon from the funny
pages experiment 1754:44
Properties of Silly Putty experiments
1840:203-307
Recipe for making Silly Putty 1970:289
2002:94-103
Silly Putty can act as both a solid and liquid
SILVER
Cleaning silverware experiment 1657:52-54
Remove silver tarnish experiment 1864:122-123
SILVERFISH
Keeping and observing silverfish experiment
1722:15
SIMPLE MACHINES
Paddle boat floats and goes in water experiment
2007:28-39
Primary science activities with simple machines
1931:74-77
The simple machine challenge experiment
1743:72-75
Where were machines first used experiment
1906:12-15
SIMPLE MACHINESBALLBEARINGS. See
also BALLBEARINGS
SIMPLE MACHINESBELLOWS
Cardboard box model bellows, how to make
1887:26-27
SIMPLE MACHINESBLOCK AND TACKLE.
See also BLOCK AND TACKLE
SIMPLE MACHINESCOGS
Cog machine changes movement from one direction to another experiment 1887:24-25
SIMPLE MACHINESGEARS. See also GEARS
Belt drive turns an axle at different speeds experiment 1711:31
Bicycle gears allow rear wheel to turn at different
speeds experiment 1532:31
Bicycle; calculate gear ratio on your bicycle, how
to do 1532:31
Fascinator machine to test optical effects and
illusions, how to make 1887:28-29
Gear up with a Lego heli-tractor experiment
1839:181-185
Gear wheels experiment, how to make 1711:30
Gears affect each others speed and direction of
motion experiment 1851:130-131
Gears are used to change direction and speed of a

force experiment 1902:137-140
How do gears work experiment 1753:79
How does water wheel work experiment 1753:39
Magic trick weird gears experiment 1715:12-13
SIMPLE MACHINESINCLINED PLANE. See
also INCLINED PLANE
1839:25-32
Inclined plane makes lifting object easier experiment 2054:132-133
Moving object up a hill or ramp experiment
1878:15-16
Put inclined plane to work pulling cars up ramp
Pyramids built using ramps to move materials
experiment 1658:5-6
Screw jack experiment, how to make 1711:22-23
Water flows up plastic tubing experiment to
demonstrate inclined plane 2007:22-23
What is an inclined plane experiment
1844:234-237
SIMPLE MACHINESLEVERS. See also LEVERS
Balance forks in cork, on match stick and on
stretched string experiment 1890:8-9
Build big lever to demonstrate three classes of
levers experiment 1532:28-29
Catapult, make from wood, dowels and sponges
1748:28-29
Desktop lever show how levers work experiment
1890:6-7
Effort required to lift a load with a first-class lever
First-class lever experiment 2045:30
First-class lever experiment 2054:130-131
First-class lever experiments 1976:52-57
Floating chair magic trick demonstrates levers
1713:26-27
Gripper lever experiment, how to make 1711:12
How a lever works and creates mechanical advantage experiment 1586:12-18
How is a second-class lever different from a firstclass lever experiment 1844:205-206
Investigate different types of levers experiment
1902:73-76
Lever helps lift objects experiment 1753:74
Levers built from Legos experiment 1839:177-180
Magic trick batty balance bar experiment
1715:18-19
Magic trick magic grabber experiment 1715:14-15
Magic trick using puppet experiment 1715:26-27
202
Magic trick, down the box trap experiment

1715:8-9
Mobiles; how do artists make mobiles balance
2002:60-69
Second and third class levers experiments
2045:30-33
Second class lever experiments 1976:61-63
Spoon jumps into glass experiment 1890:7-8
Three types of levers experiment using cardboard
models 1894:26-27
Waving arms model toy, how to make 1887:6-7
What do we lose as we gain force with a lever
What is a third class lever experiment 1844:210-211
What is the advantage of a first class lever experiment 1844:194-195
SIMPLE MACHINESPULLEYS. See also
PULLEYS
Block and tackle experiment, how to make 1711:27
Block and tackle with one fixed and one moving
group of pulleys experiment and how to
build 1532:32-33
Broomstick pulley demonstrates strength of pulley
Construct pulley conveyor belt experiment 1758:64
Cookie crusher machine model, how to make
1887:22-23
Double pulley experiment, how to make 1711:26
Magic trick spooky cylinder experiment 1715:10-11
Magic trick super-strong pull on poles experiment
1715:24-25
Observe and compare lifting power of fixed and
movable pulley experiment 1902:81-84
Pulley lifts objects experiment 1753:81
Pulley used to move objects across a room experiment 1753:80
Spool pulley used to lift load in bucket experiment
1890:12-13
Toy elevator lifts bucket experiment 2007:14-15
Two-pulley system experiment, make from thread
spools, wires, bucket and weights 1890:14
What are pulleys for experiment 1904:19-23
What can be gained by combining fixed and
movable pulleys experiment 1844:230-233
What is a fixed pulley experiment 1844:220-223
What is a movable pulley experiment 1844:224-227
SIMPLE MACHINESRAMPS. See also RAMPS
1839:25-32
203
Effect of ramp height on movement of a toy car

Pyramids built using ramps to move materials
experiment 1658:5-6
Ramp makes work easier experiment
1955:31-35
SIMPLE MACHINESROLLERS
Mystery roller machine model, how to make
1887:8-9
SIMPLE MACHINESSCREWS. See also SCREWS
Magic trick Archimedean screw magic tube make
water flow uphill experiment 1715:20-21
Magic trick magic tube makes water flow uphill
Twirling toy helicopter demonstrates screws
2007:24-25
What is a screw experiment 1844:240-241
What kind of simple machine is the screwdriver
experiment 1844:242
SIMPLE MACHINESWEDGES. See also
WEDGES
A simple machine experiment 2045:76-77
What is a wedge experiment 1844:238-239
SIMPLE MACHINESWHEEL AND AXLE
Screwdriver and screw experiment to demonstrate
wheel and axle 1976:70-73
What is the wheel and axle experiment
1844:215-217
Wheel and axle, a simple machine experiment
2045:28-29
Wheels help car move up using ramp experiment
2007:8-9
Windmill turning causes string to lift up candy
SIMPLE MACHINESWHEELS. See also
WHEELS
Capstan wheel experiment, how to make
1711:16-17
Wheels decrease friction experiment 1753:75
SIMPLESSE. See also MICROPARTICULATION
SINKS
Design mechanism to control growth of bacteria
in P-traps experiment 1539:145-147
Organisms in P-traps, test for presence of anaerobic
bacteria experiment 1539:145-147
P-traps are conducive for growth of bacteria
SIPHONS
Air pressure demonstrated by water fountain
How a siphon works experiment 1753:77
Do slime molds know where their food is experiment 1652:77

Experiments with slime molds, data sheets given
1652:73-81
Slime mold races experiment 1959:152-153
Where are slime molds most likely to grow experiment 1735:32-34
Will drying induce sporangia to form experiment
1652:81
Will lack of food cause sporangia to form experiment 1652:81
Will light cause sporangia to form experiment
1652:81
Will placing slime on plastic wrap cause sporangia
to form experiment 1652:81
SLIMES
Absorbing slimes experiment 1728:56-57
Animal slimes experiment 1728:63-64
Are watery slimes less slimy experiment
1728:55
Colors of slimes experiment 1728:58
Compare slimes experiment 1728:52
Dissolving slimes experiment 1728:56
Do slimes dry out experiment 1728:48
Effect of cold and warmth on slimes experiment
1728:49
Filtering slimes experiment 1728:57
How creepy are slimes experiment 1728:47
How runny are slimes experiment 1728:42-43
How sticky are slimes experiment 1728:44-45
How stringy are slimes experiment 1728:46
Making powdered slimes experiment 1728:54
Plant slimes experiment 1728:62
Pouring slimes experiment 1728:53
Slimes in pipes experiment 1728:59
Slimometer measures viscosity of slimes experiment, how to make 1728:50-51
Turn an egg into slime experiment 1728:61
SLOPES
Erosion; how does planting around a hill affect
soil erosion experiment 1535:39-41
Erosion; how does planting up and down the slope
of hill affect soil erosion experiment
1535:36-38
Measuring height of a slope with jar of water and
stick experiment 1599:46-47
Why are south-facing slopes warmer in the northern
hemisphere experiment 1739:9
SLOPESNATURAL. See also HILLS
SLUGS. See also SNAILS
How to collect, identify and keep slugs and snails
1623:4-29
Magic trick glass that never fills up experiment

1719:20-21
Removing water without pouring experiment
1878:37-39
SKIN. See also HUMAN BODYSKIN
Skin; moisturizing lotions and creams soothe and
protect skin experiment 1677:18-20
SKY
Red sky at morning, sailors take warning. Red
sky at night, sailors delight. Determine
accuracy of the saying project 2013:26-33
Blue skies and sunsets, scattering of light experiment 1528:20
Blue sky, yellow Sun and red sunsets and particles
scattering experiment 1612:78-79
Light makes sky look blue experiment 1753:67
Measure shades of blue in the sky with cyanometer,
how to build and use 1864:14-16
Night sky, how to make model 2015:16
Night sky; how to observe safely 1737:13
Night sky; observing in spring, summer, fall and
winter experiment 1737:24-27
Observe sky for clouds and other conditions
project 2013:34-37
Particles in atmosphere cause sky to look blue and
1701:51-57
Scatter light and produce colors like the sky experiment 1901:53-56
Show rotation of the night sky and of Earth experiment 1533:28-29
What is your horizon experiment 1904:46-47
1578:3-7
Why the sky is blue, why do sunrises and sunsets
glow with color experiment 2028:39-40
SKYSCRAPERS
Model miniature skyscraper experiment, how to
build 1532:62-63
SLIDE PROJECTORS. See also PROJECTORS
SLIDESMICROSCOPE. See also MICROSCOPE
SLIME
Make slime from glue and borax experiment
1879:15-18
Silly slime, how to make from borax and Elmer
glue 1933:18-19
SLIME MOLDS. See also MICROSCOPE; MOLDS
At what distance can slime molds detect food
204
Keep snails and slugs to observe behaviors

and speeds of different kinds experiment
1643:29
Keeping snails and slugs, how to do 1973:41
Slugs and snails, how to keep and observe them
2021:81-84
Three slug traps to put in your garden experiment;
which works better 1689:21
Which foods do slugs like best experiment
1643:31
SMOG. See also AIR POLLUTION; POLLUTION
AIR
How clean is your air experiment using filtered
rainwater 1969:11
Making smog experiment 1739:13
What causes smog experiment 1953:239
SMOKE. See also FIRE; FIRE ALARMS
SMOKING. See also CIGARETTES
Effects of second hand smoke project 2012:194-204
Second hand smoking causes decreased lung
capacity project 2012:194-204
SNAILS. See also SLUGS
Age; determine relative ages of snails experiment
1753:15
Algae and snails left in dark or light for month
experiment 1652:112
Can land snails swim experiment 1780:36
Can snails remember their favorite food experiment
1780:42
Corral to hold snails, how to make 1780:10
Do all snail shells coil in the same direction
experiment 17525:71
Do snails like water experiment 1780:35
Do snails prefer dark places experiment 1780:35
Do snails return to the same place each night
experiment 1643:31
How do snails eat and travel experiment 1603:73-74
How does snail move about experiment 1751:57
How fast does a snail travel experiment 1780:38
How much weight can a snail pull experiment
1780:39
How to collect, identify and keep slugs and snails
1623:4-29
How to make a snail come out of its shell experiment 1780:34
How to raise and keep garden snails in plastic
container experiment 1651:147-149
Keep snails and slugs to observe behaviors

and speeds of different kinds experiment
1643:29
Keeping snails and slugs, how to do 1973:41
Keeping snails, how to do 1531:45
Land snail, how to keep and care for 1814:34
Land snails; how to house and observe
1930:16-17
Observe snails experiment 1843:98-99
Obstacle course for garden snails experiment
1641:46
Parts, speed, shell and weight of snails observations, how to record data 1780:16-17
Race snails on board, how to do 1689:15
Sensory perception; test response to strong smell
on different animal parts to see which part
of animals body responds experiment
1571:94-96
Slime, how to make to demonstrate snails use
slime 2010:22
Slugs and snails, how to keep and observe them
2021:81-84
Snail aquarium to observe how snails eat and move
experiment 1722:33
Snail slime, how to make 2008:22
Snails feeding habits control growth of algae on an
Track how far snails travel by numbering them
experiment 1546:72
Tracking snails experiment 1973:41
SNOW
Albedo effect; measure and compare albedo effect
of two surfaces experiment 1528:29
Albedo effect; percentage of Suns energy reflected
by surfaces is called its albedo experiment
1528:28
Amount of air in snow experiment 1637:30
Books and activities about snow 1741:70-101
Glaciers; how is snow compacted into ice to form
glaciers experiment 1842:162
How cold is snow at different depths experiment
1751:120
Insulation; how effective is insulation to prevent
Keep snow from melting experiment
1594:92-93
Measuring snowfall experiment 1594:84-85
Melting snow faster experiment 1594:91
Pollution in the snow around you experiment
1892:44
Pollution in the snow experiment 2025:22-23
Ski trails; cup of water on very cold day demonstrates
snow making on ski trails 1959:133-135
205
SOAP. See also DETERGENTS

Bilayer soap films similar to living cells outer walls
experiment 1637:37
Brands; comparing how long different brands of
soap last experiment 1540:14-15
Can fat really become soap experiment
1743:89-90
Hard water affects ability of soap to clean experiment 1751:18
Recipes for making different kinds of soap
1670:88-91
1829:16-17
SOAP BUBBLES. See also BUBBLES
Air resistance and area affect falling bubbles
experiment 1607:59
Big bubble hemispheres experiment 1607:40-42
Big bubbles experiment, recipe for mix and
how to make blower 1698:6-7
Big bubbles, how to make giant bubble wand
Blow bubbles with homemade bubble machines
experiment 1633:71
Blow rainbow bubbles in sunlight experiment
(Primary) 1557:31
Blowing bubbles, how to make mixture
2036:16-17
Breaking and non-breaking bubbles experiment
1607:15
Bubble bath make water soapy and stretchy easy
experiments with bubbles 1857:18-21
Bubble blowers, how to make 1953:75
Bubble brew and blowers, how to make
2001:115-116
Bubble brew makes big, super-big, floaters and
other variations of bubbles experiment
1630:6-8
Bubble chains and clusters experiment
1607:91-93
Bubble in a bubble, in a bubble experiment
1953:79
Bubble loop makes the biggest and best bubbles
experiment 1637:36
Bubble machine that blows bubbles, how to make
1887:20-21
Bubble makers, make from styrofoam tray, soda
bottles and straws 1744:95-97
Bubble mix recipes 1953:74
Bubble pipe, how to make 1607:10-12
Sleet versus snow, comparing speed at which they

Snow crystals experiment; make artificial snowflakes in freezer 1528:48
Snowfall; measuring snowfall experiment; make
snow gauge 1528:49
Soap clay snow, recipe 1670:4
Temperature of melting snow experiment
1594:86-87
Volume of snow less when snow melts experiment
1971:71
Water amount difference between packed and
unpacked snow experiment 1751:114
Water amount in melted snow project
1729:137-138
Water content of snow experiment 1832:37-38
Water; how much of snow is water experiment
1972:71
Weight; measure cup of snow for weight and water
content experiment 1892:35
1904:83-86
What happens to plants in freezing weather
experiment 1739:10
SNOWFLAKES
Catch a snowflake project to observe and classify
different types 1729:133-136
Catch and observe snowflakes experiment
1972:68
Catch and preserve snowflakes on microscopic
slides experiment 1915:18-19
Collect and examine snow flakes on dark fabric
or paper 1557:134
Examining snowflakes experiment 1594:88-90
How do snowflakes differ experiment
1751:101
Make snowflakes from folded paper, how to do
1557:135
Make snowflakes from paper for project display,
how to do 1861:58-59
Snow catcher to observe snowflakes experiment
2025:28-29
Swan like snowflakes from computer printouts
project 1789:78-79
What shape are snowflakes experiment
1739:11
SNOWSHOES
Model snowshoes to demonstrate how snowshoes
work experiment 1897:22-23
206
Bubble solutions and bubble frames, how to make

1670:69-74
Bubble thickness and rate of fall experiment
1607:58
Bubbles avoid electric shock from Van de Graaf
generator experiment 1959:46-47
Bubbles contain air and surface tension holds air
in bubble experiment 1832:124-126
1607:76-77
Bubbles that float experiment 1990:117-120
Bubbles, images and curved mirrors experiment
1607:80-84
Capture soap bubble prints on paper using tempera
paint 1636:35
Carbon dioxide and floating bubbles experiment
1607:65-66
Check wind and wind direction with soap bubbles
experiment 1550:34
Collecting carbon dioxide experiment 1607:62-65
Colors in soap bubbles, how to see experiment
1698:12-13
Colors in soap bubbles; where do they come from
Diluted bubble solutions and bubble life span
Diluted bubble solutions and bubble size experiment 1607:44-46
Double bubbles and shrinking bubbles experiment
1607:90-91
Draining bubble films on bubble wand experiment
1607:73-77
Effect of glycerin on bubbles size experiment
1607:50-51
Effect of substances such as sugar, Jell-O, KoolAid on bubble life span 1607:52
Experiments with all kinds of soap bubbles
1580:1-end
Experiments with soap bubbles, bubble formula
given 1682:14-17
Falling air-filled bubbles of different size and
thickness experiment 1607:57-59
Falling carbon dioxide filled bubbles experiment
1607:62-65
Falling helium-filled bubbles experiment
1607:60-62
Fast frozen bubbles on a cold winter day experiment 1959:136-137
Formulas or recipes for bubble mixtures
1580:80-84
Frames for soap bubbles, how to make 1682:39

Giant bubble colors experiment 1607:74-76
Giant bubbles experiment 1579:25-28
Giant floating bubbles experiment 1640:90
Glycerin in soap solution makes bubbles last
longer experiment 1967:100-101
How does soap make bubbles experiment
1754:23
How thick is a soap bubble experiment 1915:26
How thick is a soap bubble experiment
1990:117-120
How to make bottle blower, bubble pipe and
bubble mixture 1830:14-15
Humidity and temperature effect on bubbles
Ice bubbles experiment; do on below 32 degree
winter day 1933:9
Life span of bubbles experiment 1607:42-43
Life span of soap bubbles extended under varying temperature and atmospheric conditions
Measuring strength of a liquids skin experiment
1607:31-33
Moving bubbles with electricity experiment
1607:68-72
Negative soap bubbles; bubble of air in water
experiment 1939:29
Plain water bubbles experiment 1607:16
Predicting a bubbles burst experiment 1607:79
Recipes for bubble making solutions 1607:53-55
Shapes of bubbles from cube, pyramid and prism
shaped frames 1607:86-90
Soap bubbles change from spheres and become
prisms experiment 1637:38
Soap bubbles experiment with iridescent interference colors 1701:62-63
Soap bubbles experiments 2014:106-112
Soap bubbles put out candle flame experiment
1607:29-30
Soap bubbles recipe and experiments 1531:16-17
Soap film, under influence of gravity, changes
thickness creating every-changing colors
1578:100-104
Sugar added to soap solution makes bubbles
stronger 1636:36
Super large bubbles, how to make 1953:76
Timing carbon dioxide filled bubbles experiment
1607:64-65
Timing falling bubbles experiment 1607:57-58
Why are bubbles round experiment, how to make
bubble blower 1831:110-111
207
Winter affects soap bubbles blown outside in the

cold experiment 1751:121
SOAPSTONE
Soapstone carving from bar of soap experiment
1817:58
SOCIAL SCIENCECONSUMER USE OF
SOFT DRINKS. See SOFT DRINKS
SODIUM BICARBONATE. See BAKING SODA
SODIUM CHLORIDE. See SALT
SOFT DRINKS
Advertising styles and media used to sell soda
Aromas; concentrate aromas of spices, citrus
fruits and vanilla beans experiment
1914:24-31
Carbon dioxide released from soft drinks experiment using balloon over bottle tops
1548:23-25
Carbon dioxide released from warm and cold soft
drinks experiment using balloons over bottle
tops 1548:23-25
Color; extracting natural color pigments from fruits
and vegetables experiment 1914:15-20
Color; measuring color in commercial sodas
Colorless regular soda and colorless diet soda
compared for crystal formation experiment
1833:78
Designing your own soft drink experiment
1914:61-78
Diet and regular cola differ as they evaporate
Drink machine model, how to make from cardboard, wood and plastic cup 1896:28-29
Electrolytes; test sports drinks and other drinks
for electrolytes experiment 1567:10-13
Fizz; dissolving soda gas with water experiment
1914:54-59
Fizz; making soda gas with chemicals experiment
1914:48-54
Fizz; making soda gas with yeast experiment
1914:42-48
Fizzy orange soda pop, how to make 1585:40
Flavor; extracting natural flavor from fruits,
vegetables, vanilla beans and spices experiment 1914:21-23
Flavor; measuring flavor and sweetness in commercial sodas experiment 1914:91-93
Freezing soda and then thawing it affects carbon
Gas; measuring gas in commercial sodas experiment 1914:84-91

Ginger ale, how to make experiment 1831:140-141
Ginger soda, how to make experiment 1760:104
Lemon soda pop, how to make 1585:40
Recipe for your own soft drink experiment
1914:62-66
Solute; how can you get rid of a solute in soda
experiment 2048:29
Survey sheets to test for flavor, sweetness, color,
texture, how to design 1914:67-78
Taste tests to see if ants can tell diet drink from
the real thing experiment 1959:108-109
Testing your own soft drink on other people experiment using survey sheets 1914:66-78
Unicola cola, how to make 1585:41
Volume of large size soft drink compared to volume
of small size soft drink. Which is better to
buy experiment 1668:38
Weight; do diet sodas weigh less than sugared
colas experiment 1659:40-42
SOIL CONSERVATION. See EROSION; SOILS
EROSION
SOILS. See also COMPOST
Acidity of soil; how to test experiment 1802:35
Air; can soil hold air, science principles, activities,
Air; how much air is in different soils experiment
1603:11
Air; how to determine the amount of air in soils
1660:69
Algae; presence of algae in soils experiment
1570:140-141
experiment 1550:17
Animals; Berlese funnel collects soil animals
experiment 2014:184
Animals; collect soil animals for observation,
how to do 1810:33
Animals; find the animals in soil and leaf litter
experiment 1692:24
Animals; soil animals react when their underground
world changes experiment 1546:28
Animals; what living things are found in the soil
Beaches; how do waves affect beaches experiment
1535:60-62
Best soil for raising crops experiment 1550:5
208
Bury waste items in soil to check for decomposition experiment 1987:26-27

Compaction; how does soil compaction affect
water movement in soil experiment
1535:48-50
Compaction; soil compaction test experiment
1729:66
Components; exploring soil for its components
experiment 1817:27
Composition; some samples investigated to
determine composition of soil experiment
1758:29
Compost; simple compost pile in plastic box experiment 1545:10
Crayons made from earth colors of soil and clay
Creeping soil experiment, measure amount of
creeping soil down a hillside 1864:150-151
Decomposition in a compost pile project
1729:87-89
Decomposition process project 1729:79-85
Deserts; heating and cooling of desert soils experiment 1550:17
Deserts; why is desert hot in day and cold at night
experiment 1550:17
Do all soils have the same ingredient mixture
Drain test for amount of water different soils let
through experiment 1738:23
Drain test for soils to see which are best for growing plants experiment 1738:23
soil 1528:151
1528:150
Earthworms; how do earthworms affect water movement through soil experiment 1921:34-37
Earthworms; how fast does an earthworm burrow
in different types of soil experiment
1921:48-53
Earthworms; what soil do earthworms prefer
Earthworms; what type of soil do earthworms
prefer experiment 1921:63-66
Experiments with soils 1953:170-179
Fertilizers; can natural fertilizers (compost)
replace synthetic fertilizers experiment
1569:32-36
Frozen soil experiment 1897:15
Garden soil for growing plants is best when it

is a mixture of different soils experiment
1751:32
Germinate seeds in five different types of soil
experiment; potting soil, garden soil, peat
moss, clay and sand 1582:33-34
Glaciers; how did glaciers affect the landscape
Grading; soil grading experiment 1827:34-35
1655:40-41
Health of soils in your area experiment with
wildflower seeds 1827:45
Hot, dry soil will not sustain animal life experiment
1546:23
How different soils affect plant growth experiment
1742:78-80
How is soil created experiment 1751:24
How is soil made experiment 1842:135-136
1528:157
Insects in soil, how to find and observe 1852:8-11
Insects; Berlese funnel used to trap soil parasites
project 1864:45
Insects; bug catcher to observe insects on soil
surface experiment, how to make 1852:10-11
Insects; collection of tiny insects in soil experiment 1545:18
Insects; how many and what different kinds of
bugs are in soil experiment 1655:10-11
Insulators; testing air and soil as insulators experiment 1540:65
Kinds; different kinds of soils in plastic containers
demonstrates soil composition experiment
1996:24-25
Layer of soil affects water holding capacity
experiment with topsoil and sub soils
1535:42-44
Layers of different kinds of materials in soil
Layers of soil experiment using soil shake
method 1729:72-73
Layers of soil experiment using jar of soil and
water 1810:35
Layers of soils in jar of water experiment
1582:32
Layers of soils profile in bottle experiment
1827:39
Layers; analyze soil strata or layers experiment
1802:34-35
Layers; profile of soil layers where you live experiment 1550:4-5
209
Porosity and permeability of soils experiment

2050:111-113
Potting soils; effect of different types of potting
soils on plant growth experiment 1638:92-94
Properties of soil and importance of soil project
1729:61-66
Quicksand; what happens in quicksand experiment
1535:51-53
Rain; after a rain earthworms come out of ground
looking for air experiment 1581:14-15
Relative humidity of air below ground level different from air above ground experiment
1528:61
Riverbed; how is a riverbed formed experiment
1535:57-59
Rivers; test soil pH to determine soil fertility along
Roots; do roots hold soil in place experiment
1651:124-125
Roots; will roots respond to substances in soil
Rot experiment using 4 holes in soil with fruit,
newspaper, plant leaf and piece of plastic
wrap 1545:28
Sandy soil; how much sand is in your soil experiment 1528:153
Sifting screen to sift dirt, wooden frame, cloth,
how to make 2046:31
Silt from river; how to make silt 1759:15
Soil animals react when their underground world
changes experiment 1546:28
Soil particles sink to bottom of jar of water demonstrating rock formation 1596:36
Soil profile test to observe layers and different
components of soil experiment 1641:11-12
Soil samples in jars of water demonstrate soil
composition experiment 1602:29-30
Soil separator experiment, magnet collects ferrite
particles in soil experiment 1863:57-59
Soil testing with hydrangeas experiment 1760:30
Soil testing with violets experiment 1760:28-29
Solarizing soil to fumigate the soil experiment
1534:110
glaciers meet experiment 1528:157
Streak color of different soils smeared on paper
experiment 1738:22
Temperature of ground from one to four feet
down on cold winter day and hot summer
day chart 1791:38
Layers; soil in jars of water settles into layers

Layers; soil is made up of different layers experiment 1603:15-16
Layers; what are different layers of soil experiment
1751:58
Life in soil examined using bright light over funnel
in glass jar experiment 1546:26
Loam; how much loam is in your soil experiment
1743:15-19
Make some dirt or soil for your plants experiment
1750:20-21
Microbes in different types of soil experiment
1570:142-143
Microclimate beneath the soil, at ground level,
temperature measurement experiment
1528:60
Nutrients in rain forest soil are depleted rapidly
Nutrients or food in soil can wash away during
rain experiment 1603:13-14
Organic matter; how can you determine organic
material in soil experiment 1535:30-32
Organisms in soil survey experiment 1827:37
Organisms; discover organisms that live in soil
experiment, make a Berlese funnel
1793:18-19
Organisms; which animals or organisms are in
different layers of soil experiment 1758:90
Particles of different size affect soil water drainage
and water retention project 1729:71-73
Particles; soil particles experiment to find out
how rocks are formed 1838:36
Percolation; soil percolation test experiment
1729:66
Permafrost demonstration with gelatin and ice
cream 1808:21
Permeability of soil experiment 1603:23-24
pH effect of soil on plant growth experiment
1638:99-102
pH test of soils in your community experiment
1603:35
pH; test soil to see if it is acidic or alkaline and if
it will support animal life experiment
1546:22-23
pH; what is the pH of your soil experiment
1743:20-25
Plant life keeps grass and soil from eroding experiment 1540:70-71
Plants; what is the difference between mud and soil
for growing plants experiment 1631:26-28
210
Temperature of soil tested at surface and beneath

surface of soil experiment 1546:23
Temperature; low level temperature near ground
level and in soil experiment 1528:60
Texture of soil and shape of its particles experiment 2050:109
1975:161-162
Try making soil of your own experiment 1631:27
Type of soil test using jars, funnels and gauze
experiment 1545:22
Types of soils compared, science principles,
Types; how can you determine the type of soil,
sand or clay experiment 1535:27-29
Types; what substances make up soil experiment,
soil samples, glass jar 1546:29
Water absorbing properties of soils, science principles, activities, data sheets 1875:123-126
Water holding and draining capacities of soils
project 1729:67-69
Water retaining ability of soils experiment 1550:4-5
Water travels through different soils at different
rates experiment 1603:23-24
Water; how much water can soil hold experiment
1751:25
Water; how much water different soil samples can
hold experiment 1758:30-31
Water; how much water is in soil experiment
1603:12
Water; what kind of soil holds the most water
Water; which soils hold most, least or right amount
Water; which soils hold the most water experiment
1550:50
Water; which soils hold the most water experiment
1953:175
What is in soil experiment 1738:23
What is in soil experiment 1751:26
What is soil and are all soils the same experiment
1738:22
Which warms faster, water or soil experiment
1861:20-23
Wormery in clear plastic bottle allows you to observe
earthworms at work experiment 1545:16
SOILSECOLOGY. See EARTHWORMS
SOILSEROSION. See also EROSION
Blow on patch of dirt to demonstrate erosion
1549:29-30
Compare amount of soil washed away between
barren soil and grass covered soil experiment
1965:40-42
Compare methods to stop erosion; contour farming, terracing experiment 1953:179

Contour farming reduces soil erosion experiment
1660:79-80
Control of soil erosion project 1729:77-78
Do some soils erode faster than others project
2012:146-153
Driveways; driveway affects water runoff experiment 1535:63-65
Mars; recreate effects of erosion to understand how
Mars surface became the way it is experiment
1533:6-7
Planting; how does planting around a hill affect
soil erosion experiment 1535:39-41
Planting; how does planting up and down the
slope of hill affect soil erosion experiment
1535:36-38
Rain forest soil rarely washes away experiment
using bean seeds and soils 1602:34-35
Roots; type of plant root affects erosion experiment 1535:33-35
Sand in soil is from rocks worn down by erosion
experiment 1603:10
Slant of land affects erosion during heavy rainfall
experiment 1751:15
Soil erosion model with wooden tray filled with
various mixtures of soils experiment
1610:24-26
Water poured on patch of dirt demonstrates erosion
1549:313
Water; fast flowing water causes erosion damage
Weathering of soil by wind experiment 1751:33
Wind erosion of soil experiment using sticky
tape on paint paddles 1603:18-19
Wind wears away soil experiment 1751:33
Windbreak; how does a windbreak affect soil
erosion experiment 1535:45-47
SOILSPOLLUTION
Gas stations; do gas stations affect the soil around
them experiment 1539:95-97
SOLAR CELLS
Calculator solar cells used to measure light
experiment 1936:69
Electricity from light using solar (photovoltaic)
How sunlight produces electricity experiment
1844:333-334
211
Solar cell used to light small light bulb experiment

1965:109-112
Solar cells connected in parallel increases amount
of current experiment 1936:67
SOLAR COLLECTORS
Make solar collector from cardboard box, aluminum
foil and plastic wrap 1884:32-36
Miniature solar collector heats water, how to build
1987:88-90
Model of solar collector, how to make using
cardboard, aluminum foil 1587:88-92
Model solar collector, how to make 1612:96-98
Solar collector boils water experiment
1953:194-195
Solar collector heats water experiment
1660:108-110
Solar collectors from tin cans get heat from Sun
SOLAR COOKERS
Brew Sun tea experiment 2014:41
Shoe box and aluminum foil cooker, how to make
1706:7
Shoe box solar oven, how to make 2046:148
Solar cooker collects and concentrates solar energy
Solar hot dog cooker, how to make 1720:21
Solar hot dog cooker, how to make from oatmeal
box 2040:57-58
Solar oven to cook with; make from potato chip
canister and aluminum foil 1657:27-30
Solar oven to cook with; make from shoebox and
aluminum foil 1657:27-30
Sun can be used for cooking experiment
1787:66-70
Sun cooker from aluminum foil covered box, how
to do 1916:15
Three different solar cookers, how to make
1629:42-44
Toast marshmallows in solar cooker experiment
2028:9
Toast marshmallows in solar cooker, how to make
from shoe box, wire and aluminum foil
1770:59
SOLAR DISTILLATION. See SOLAR STILL
SOLAR ECLIPSES. See ECLIPSESSOLAR
SOLAR ENERGY. See also SUN
Color affects absorption of Suns energy experiment 1587:78-79
Darkness effect on green plants experiment
1587:85-87
Different surfaces absorb Suns energy differently
experiment 1758:51
Electricity can be made from sunlight experiment

1787:75-79
Energy; how much energy does the Sun produce
absorb more heat than white objects
1612:91
three salinities 1851:83
Seasons; when does solar energy change the seasons
Solar energy can be concentrated experiment
1787:71-74
Solar panels, simple, how to make from foil
containers, black paint and thermometer
1907:41
Solar tea, how to make 1760:122
Solar trap experiment demonstrates microclimate
is brighter, drier and warmer than surroundings
1528:61
Strawberry jam, how to make using solar heat
experiment 1830:118
Sun tea, how to make using solar heat experiment
1830:113
Sunlight causes newspaper inks and dyes to disappear experiment 1770:11
Why the equator is hotter than the North Pole
experiment 1953:207
SOLAR GREENHOUSE
Raisins; make your own dried fruit in Sun trap
1631:8
Sun trap or greenhouse to grow plants, heat water
or dry fresh fruit experiment, how to make
1631:6-8
SOLAR HEAT
Clothing color that absorbs the most heat experiment 1542:35
Color changes temperature of solar heat experiment
1540:48
Colors; how do colors react to heat experiment
1753:29
Compare thermometer readings in black paper
and white paper lined boxes experiment
2040:42
Compare thermometer readings in dirt filled and
foil lined boxes experiment 2040:44-45
212
Magic solar still filter changes food colored water

into clear water experiment 1770:13
Quick solar still to collect water experiment
1770:13
Remove salt from saltwater experiment
1603:30-31
Solar still uses Sun to purify water experiment
1637:33
1637:33
Sun used to separate salt from saltwater experiment
1851:82-83
SOLAR SYSTEM. See also METEORS; MOON;
PLANETS; STARS; SUN
Activities about solar system, planets and outer
space 1763:3-32
Activities and experiments about the solar system
1688:1-80
Activities to study the planets and solar system
2026:56-86
Eat your solar system experiment with fruits
1705:9
experiment 2050:35
Mathematical model of universe and planets information 1610:43-47
Miniature solar system, make from balls 1704:9
Mobile of planets shows relative distance and size,
papier mache, making 1599:11-13
Mobile of solar system made from computer printouts project 1789:98-99
Mobile of solar system, how to make 1697:12-13
Model demonstrates path of the planets around
the Sun 1850:9-12
Model of distance between Sun and Earth to scale
Model of solar system experiment 2014:166-168
Model of solar system, how to make 1974:14-15
Model shoe box solar system to show difference
between sizes of bodies in the solar system
Models of solar system, make and interpret past
and present models 1850:5-12
Movement of Sun across the sky demonstrated
using a heliocentric model experiment
2050:31-36
Observe and discover the universe with binoculars,
how to do 1533:18-19
Planets; put the planets in order project, how to do
1688:8-15
Primary science activities with the solar system
1931:102-105
Compare thermometer readings in dirt filled

and water filled plastic jugs experiment
2040:43
Energy; how can you get the most heat energy from
the Sun experiment 1844:57-58
Focused sunlight creates heat experiment
1587:82-84
Fruit dryer, make from cardboard box, aluminum
foil and cheesecloth 1967:178-179
Heat absorbers; types of materials that absorb heat
Heat transfer from one medium to another experiment 2045:16-17
Measure solar heat with bag of ice and calorimeter
experiment 1637:32
Simple experiment to see how Suns heat warms
metal and wood 1686:29
Solar radiation experiment 2045:36-37
Sun warms things experiment using bowls of water
and thermometer (Primary) 1557:26-27
Suns rays give us heat experiment, using glass,
water, thermometer and aluminum foil
1547:10-13
Sun-dried apples experiment 1616:16-17
SOLAR HEATERS
Color best for absorbing the most heat in solar
panels experiment 1632:11
Solar heater experiment using a flower pot, aluminum foil pans and thermometers 1802:18-19
Solar heater; make from plastic bottle and tubing
1739:25
SOLAR HEATING
Passive solar heating experiment using black cans
1987:101-102
SOLAR HOMES
Model solar home, how to make 1612:99-102
SOLAR OVENS
Cook with the Sun, how to make solar oven from
a shoe box 1831:66-67
Sun-baked apples from a shoe box solar oven
experiment 1831:67
SOLAR RADIATION
Black surfaces absorb heat and pale surfaces reflect
heat experiment 1589:28
Increased solar radiation effect simulated in
terrariums experiment 1861:27
SOLAR STILL
Freshwater from hole in ground and sheet of plastic
213
Scale model of solar system on paper tablecloth

1640:100
Scale model of solar system project 1610:61-63
Scale model of solar system, how to make 1960:8
1975:204-205
What force holds the solar system together, science
1875:156-158
SOLAR WATER HEATER
Solar water heater, how to build using lamp for Sun
1532:58-59
Sun can be used to heat water experiment
1787:61-65
Sun heats water experiment 1752:85
SOLENOID. See also ELECTROMAGNETS
Magnetic field around a solenoid experiment
1908:35
Magnetic field of solenoid causes compass to lose
its sense of direction experiment 1683:49
SOLID WASTES. See also GARBAGE
Tundra decomposition problems in cold weather
1842:206-207
SOLIDS
Apricot yogurt ice demonstrates water changing
from liquid to a solid experiment
1680:11-13
1676:22-25
Changing solid into a liquid experiment; which is
Cornstarch and water ooblik experiment
1829:28-29
1679:10-11
Electricity used to help form solids experiment
using battery, wire, jar of water and nails
1676:57-60
1674:12-14
Goo that seems to be both liquid and solid
experiment with cornstarch and water
1879:6-8

Light from crushing Life Saver experiment
1676:45-47
experiment 1679:8-9
Properties of solids and liquids while making butter
Shapes of liquids and solids under various conditions experiment 1790:97
Solid changes to a gas without first changing into
Substances turn from liquid to solid when pressure
is applied experiment 1637:53
What happens to solids as they are heated and cooled
experiment 1844:62
SOLUBILITY
Brown color will move from one liquid to another
experiment using oil, iodine and water
1879:92-93
Does temperature affect solubility experiment
1981:22-24
Things that dissolve in water and things that dont
experiment 1663:30
SOLUTIONS
Air and solutions experiment, amount of air in
water is reduced as water temperature rises
1710:19
Butterscotch sauce demonstrates making a solution
Demonstrate suspension and solutions with water,
soil and salt experiment 1953:272
Dissolving rates of sugar at different temperatures
1758:27
Hard candy; what is chemistry of hard candy experiment 1563:10-13
Heat Solution TM experiment to discover how it
can provide heat 1840:257-260
Is salt more soluble in hot water experiment
1833:61
214
Liquids that dissolve in liquids experiment

1981:27-28
Precipitation and precipitates experiment
1981:19-21
Rock candy; how to make rock candy experiment
1564:10-12
Salad dressing from oil vinegar and garlic experiment 2001:16-18
Salt solution recipes 1840:223
Saturated solutions and solubility experiments
1981:16-17
Saturated solutions experiment with temperature
versus amount of solute experiment
1851:116-117
Soluble or insoluble experiments with cornstarch
and water 1981:14-15
Solution of sugar and water in hot and cold water
experiment 1710:18
Solutions, solvents and density experiments
1981:18
Solvents other than water experiment
1981:25-26
Sugar, salt and water; solutions and the Tyndall
effect experiment 1981:12-13
Temperature affects dissolving experiment
2048:30-31
1548:34
What are mixtures and solutions experiment
1844:16
Which is more soluble in water, salt or sugar
experiment 1833:60
SOLUTIONSSUPERSATURATED. See
CRYSTALS
SOLVENTS
How do different solvents affect the paint in paint
with water books experiment 1840:87-92
Water as a solvent; can you un-pepper the salt
Waves in a bottle experiment, how to make
1886:33-35
SOOT. See also CARBON; COMBUSTION
Leaf print from soot collected on greasy bottle
SOUND. See also ACOUSTICS; HEARING;
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; TELEPHONE
Behavior of confined sound experiment
2045:42-43
Easy sound demonstrations 1926:7,10,15,19

How can sounds be heard more clearly experiment
1844:175-176
Intensity of sound experiment 1986:87-88
Lemon battery; hear sound from flow of electrons
in lemon battery experiment 1674:39-41
Mechanical energy changed into sound energy
using soda-pop cannon experiment
1884:40-42
Musical science projects and activities
1788:1-96
Noise thermometer shows how many decibels
produced by different sounds 1537:80
Pleasant sounds versus noise experiment
2045:44-45
Primary science activities with sound
1931:110-113
Recording sound experiment 1802:70-71
Sound can be controlled experiment
1844:168-169
Sound energy makes eardrums move experiment
with chicken clucking in a cup 1884:22-25
Sound from crushing metal aluminum beverage
can experiment 1674:46
Sound from plain drinking glass versus lead crystal
glass experiment 1676:52-53
Sound-absorbing and sound-reflecting solids
Transmission of sound experiment 1986:61-63
SOUNDAMPLIFIERS
Amplifying sound experiment 2045:46-47
Big Ben noise amplifier toy experiment
1790:121-125
Hearing hat trick amplifies sound experiment
1718:12-13
How can you play a record without a record
player experiment 1565:17-19
Transistor amplifier works to amplify a weak
Turn up volume without touching radio dial
1718:24-25
SOUNDDIFFRACTION
Diffraction of sound experiment 1986:77-78
SOUNDDIRECTION
Determining sound direction experiment
1540:86
Direction; judging the direction of sound experiment 1725:155
Disappearing water trick uses 2 bottles of water;
one hidden 1718:26-27
215
SOUNDREFLECTION
Amplifying sound through use of sounding board
Angles of bounce of sound waves experiment
1802:66-67
Control path of sound waves by directing them
along cardboard tubes experiment
1802:66-67
Hearing around corners experiment 1749:27
Reflection of sound experiment 1986:71-74
SOUNDREFRACTION
Refraction of sound experiment 1986:75-76
SOUNDRESONANCE
Make music with a wine glass experiment
1565:13-16
Seashells roar of sea if held to your ear experiment
1673:38-40
Sound and resonance experiment 1986:18-21
SOUNDSPEED
Speed of sound experiment measuring echoes
1958:24-29
Speed of sound experiments 1986:64-69
Speed of sound measured using resonance, using
tuning forks and air columns experiment
(Advanced) 1839:263-269
SOUNDTELEPHONE
Thread helps carry your voice experiment, paper
cup telephone 1844:160-161
SOUNDTRAVELS
Sound travels in all directions, science principles,
SOUNDVIBRATIONS. See also MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS
Amazing vacuum jar trick demonstrates sound
vibrations in vacuum 1718:8-9
Balloons as sound makers experiment
1606:76-78
Blow out candles with sound vibrations experiment
1878:64-65
Can sound make water move, science principles,
Coat hanger on a string produces unusual sound
Dancing rice demonstrates sound vibrations
1831:14
Eardrum vibration to sounds demonstrated with
salt crystals on plastic wrap over bowl
1707:34
Feeling sound experiment 1986:17
Focusing sound makes whisper sound like a shout
experiment 1820:90
SOUNDDOPPLER EFFECT
Doppler effect experiment 1986:79-80
SOUNDECHOES. See also ECHOES
SOUNDEFFECTS. See SOUND EFFECTS
SOUNDFREQUENCY
Make music with a wine glass experiment
1565:13-16
SOUNDHUSHERS
Deaden sound; ways to do it experiment
1802:66-67
SOUNDINSULATORS
Determine which objects make sounds louder or
softer experiment 1878:53-55
Insulating sound experiment 1986:85-86
SOUNDMUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. See also
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Chimes; length of metal chimes related to pitch
of their sound experiment (Advanced)
1839:275-281
Harp; wire harp experiment, how to make
1986:90
Make music with fish line and a box experiment
1844:146-147
Musical sound energy experiment, make shakers
and musical water bottles 1560:29
Pipes of pan experiment 1986:83-84
Wind chimes experiment, how to make
1986:91-92
SOUNDPITCH
Find the ball trick demonstrates pitch of note
1718:20-21
Guitar demonstrates pitch of sound and tension
on rubber bands 1839:89-92
Guitar; why do guitar players need good vibrations experiment; make simple wood and
wire guitar 1565:24-27
High or low pitched sound is easier to hear experiment 1878:51-52
Length and tension affect pitch of tone experiment; music with stretched string
1958:6-11
Musical sounds by changing pitch experiment
with water glasses and bottles of water
1903:39-46
Pipes make all kinds of music experiment; how to
make pipe instrument 1565:20-23
Stringed and percussion instruments demonstrate
pitch experiment 1758:69
Trombone; how does a trombone change its tune
experiment; how to make pipe instrument
1565:20-23
216
Glass moves from tapping glass beside it experiment 1878:68-69

Is sound that comes through a metal the same
as sound through the air experiment
1674:42-45
Kazoos, why do kazoos make sound experiment
1831:47
Percussion instrument demonstrates sound vibrations experiment 1758:60
Pick the card trick with sound traveling through
wood 1718:16-17
Play a record with a sewing needle experiment
1844:177-179
Salt dances due to sound vibrations experiment
1903:1-4
Seeing sound experiment in dark room with
flashlight and coffee can 1788:74-75
Singing balloon experiment with coin inside
balloon 1878:66-67
Singing glasses and moving playing cards demonstrates sound vibrations 1718:10-11
Slide whistle, copper tubing, dowel, how to make
1629:26-28
Sound and strings vibrations experiment
1986:26-28
Sound is produced by vibrating objects experiment
1613:221-232
Sound vibrations used to move paper experiment
1878:44-46
Sound, air and a vacuum experiment 1986:22-23
Soundascope from can, balloon, rubber band and
aluminum foil, how to make 1770:29
Sources of vibrations and sound experiment
1986:13-15
Stereo speakers let you feel sound waves experiment 1673:36-37
Tele-porting trick using string telephone
1718:18-19
Tin can howler, make with can and string
1890:88
Vibrations and sound experiment 1986:11-12
Vibrations, sound and air experiment 1986:16
Water glass music, how to make and play
1788:5-7
When does a drinking glass sing experiment
1905:127-128
SOUNDWAVES
Demonstrate sound waves with a rope
1537:70-71
How sound waves travel experiments
1758:61-62
Multiple air pulses and a molecular model experiment 1986:31-34
Pulse of air experiment 1986:30

Ripples in water create patterns similar to sound
waves experiment 1906:118-119
Seeing vibrations of sound experiment
1958:18-23
Shock waves effect experiment 1903:71-74
Slinky; how is a slinky like a sound wave experiment 1565:6-9
Sound cannon concentrates sound wave experiment
1958:12-17
Sound cannon demonstrates sound energy; blows
sugar on table 1618:11
Sound conducted in solid materials experiment
1958:30-35
Sound in a jar; atmospheres affect on how sound
waves travel experiment 1958:36-42
Sound waves and a horn experiment 1986:43
Sound waves blow out candle experiment
1770:32
Standing waves on a rope experiment 1986:47-50
Stringed instrument demonstrates sound waves
Talking puppet from sound through tube trick
1718:14-15
Telephone; make simple telephone using magnet
and copper wire 1802:68-69
Transverse waves experiment 1986:38-42
Water waves experiment using ripple tank, how
to make 1986:51-59
Wave machine to see vibrations experiment, how
to make 1749:6-7
Waves from back-and-forth motion experiment
1986:44-45
Waves; a model for sound experiment
1986:35-37
What are sound waves experiment 1904:134-136
When does sound tell the direction of a moving
Whispering box trick; radio vibrations heard in
second box 1718:22-23
SOW BUGS. See also PILL BUGS
Do sow bugs prefer dry, damp or wet environment
Do sow bugs prefer light or darkness experiment
1595:46-49
Do wood lice like dry or wet, light or dark experiment 1826:26-27
Estimate population size of sow bugs in a chosen
area project 1583:79
How to catch and keep sow bugs 1653:32-35
Keeping sow bugs or pill bugs, how to do 1531:45
Light or dark experiment; which do sow bugs
prefer 2034:20-21
217
Space helmet model, plastic jug, cardboard, paper

bags, how to make 2049:34-35
SPACE TRAVEL. See also ROCKETS
Escape velocity model experiment 1864:143-144
SPACECRAFT
Astronaut into the spaceship puppet, how to make
rocket and puppet 2049:20-22
Command module and parachute model, how to
make 2049:40-41
Launching spacecraft demonstration 2030:116-118
Model spaceship, how to make 1625:18-19
Moon lunar module model, how to make
1697:16
Moon lunar rover model, how to make 1697:16-17
Space capsule reentry landing, how to demonstrate
2030:86-88
Space rocket model, how to make from towel tube
and foil 1697:14-15
Spaceship in orbit around the Earth model
1609:77-78
Sputnik I satellite model moves around earth, how
to make 2049:18-19
Weightless box model to demonstrate weightless
astronauts 2049:36-37
Weightlessness experiment 1609:80-81
Weightlessness; how does weightlessness feel
SPARK PLUGS
Making a spark experiment with neon lamp and
6V battery 1673:44-47
SPEAKERS. See SOUNDAMPLIFIERS
SPECIFIC GRAVITY. See also HYDROMETER
Compare density of object with density of water
to determine specific gravity experiment
1902:23-25
Potatoes; determine the specific gravity of potatoes
experiment 1568:82
Rocks; calculating the specific gravity of your rocks
SPECTROPHOTOMETER
you make 1854:19
SPECTROSCOPE
SPECTRUM. See also COLORS; PRISMS;
RAINBOWS
Moisture preferences of sow bugs project

1583:76-79
Observe sow bugs and record their behavior
1581:23-24
Observing wood lice in light, dark and dry environments 1893:26-27
Sow bugs like dry or moist, light or dark experiment 1546:66-67
Temperature, light and moisture conditions sow
bugs like best experiment 1915:127-128
What habitat do sow bugs prefer experiment
2041:16-17
Wood lice seek damp places to live experiment
1973:31
Wood lice, how to raise and observe 1930:120-121
SPACE
Activities to study space 2026:116-148
1975:185-197
SPACE COLONY
Bottle garden works in similar way to space colony
SPACE CREATURES
Aliens; model of aliens, how to make 1697:20-21
SPACE SHUTTLE
Rocket thrusters for astronauts to maneuver in
space experiment 1658:56-58
Space shuttle model with delta wings demonstrates high speed flight, how to make
1558:28-29
Space shuttle model, make from plastic bottle,
yogurt containers and foil 1697:22-23
SPACE STATION
Artificial gravity in space station experiment
1885:20-23
Control panel, how to make from cardboard
1708:14
Space city model experiment, how to make
from cardboard box and plastic bottles
1697:8-9
Space station control model, how to make from
cardboard boxes, paper tubes and paints
1697:24-25
Where can we get energy while in space experiment 1906:39-41
SPACE SUITS
Jet pack; how to make from cereal boxes
1708:8
218
Create colors of spectrum with a glass of water

Demonstrate colors of spectrum experiment
1619:12-13
Diffraction grating used to view colors of spectrum
Dispersion of light produces spectrum experiments
1758:67
Magic trick crazy color wheel mixes colors experiment 1714:24-25
Mathematics of color; subtraction using filters;
colored filters subtract some colors of light
from a beam of white light experiment
1611:67-68
Mathematics of color; subtraction using food coloring which subtract colors from white light
1611:68-73
Mathematics of colors; colors making up white
light can be added together to make other
colors 1611:62-66
Rainbows; making a rainbow experiment, water,
mirror, flashlight 1528:37
Rainbows; refracting and reflecting light experiment
with raindrops 1528:36
Spectrum from a prism experiment 1701:14-16
Visible light divided into colors experiment
1901:125-128
SPEED
From length and time to speed experiment
1982:97-98
How fast does a wind-up walking toy walk experiment 1990:106-107
Measure speed of toy cars down ramp experiment
1748:36-37
Measure terminal velocity of falling balloon experiment 1606:49-50
1839:123-132
Walking; determining your walking speed experiment 1609:39-40

Wind-up walking toys experiment; which toy is
fastest 1839:115-122
SPHERES
SPIDER WEBS. See SPIDERSWEBS
SPIDERS
American house spiders, how to keep and observe
them 2021:76-80
Are spiders insects experiment 1852:76-79
Are spiders insects, demonstrate with spider
model 1855:98-101
Clay spider model, how to make 1852:79
Climbing spider model, how to make
1640:72-73
Collecting spiders and spider webs projects
1583:79-83
Daddy longlegs or harvest men, how to catch and
keep them 1653:43-45
Do all spiders ignore prey if they are not in a web
experiment 1652:139
Do particular kinds of spiders prefer certain types
of prey experiment 1652:140
Experiments with spiders, data sheets given
16152:131-140
How does darkness affect prey capture experiment
1652:140
Jumping spiders, how to catch and keep them
1653:10-13
Keeping and observing spiders experiment
1722:23
Light or dark experiment; which do spiders prefer
2034:20-21
Play music to attract a spider experiment
1959:122-123
Straw-wrapper spider, how to make 1785:58-59
Where do spiders come from; paper model demonstrates 1855:102-105
SPIDERSWEBS
Collect a spider web, how to do 1856:35
Collect and display spider webs project 1864:55-56
Collect and mount spider webs, how to do
1645:133
Collect and mount spider webs, how to do
1830:76
Collect and preserve spider web to determine type
of web experiment 1751:27
Collecting spiders webs, how to do 1973:27
Compare webs of spiders; does size of spider affect
web size experiment 1571:74-76
219
Do spiders have preferences about where they

build their webs experiment 1652:139
Does funnel weaver or other web-building spiders
have to have its web to catch prey experiment 1652:138-139
How to preserve spider webs experiment
1603:81-82
If web is damaged will spider move the location
of its web experiment 1625:139
Make spider web from string pinned onto cardboard
square, how to do 1546:68
Observe how spiders use their webs to capture
insects experiment 1552:113-118
Preserving a spider web, how to do 2025:16-17
Spider web under microscope experiment
2027:42
Spiders dont get caught in their own webs experiment 1856:32-35
Why are spider webs sticky demonstration
1855:106-109
Why dont spiders get caught in their own webs
demonstration 1855:110-113
Will spiders build webs in the cold experiment
1652:140
Will spiders build webs in the dark experiment
1652:140
Will two funnel weavers in same jar build a web
together if no room for two webs experiment
1652:139-140
SPIES
Alarm system for your room, how to do project
1891:39-41
Alarm to protect your secret meeting from someone
sneaking up, how to do project 1891:64-67
Bug listening devices, how to make project
1891:59-61
Check to see if something has been touched, how
to do project 1891:41-43
Codes to hide secret messages, how to do project
1891:98-100
Compass; how to find North without a compass
project 1891:30-32
Covers or disguise for being a spy, how to do
project 1891:4-7
Cracking the secret code, how to do project
1891:105-108
Etched egg invisible message, how to do project
1891:87-89
Hear through doors device, how to do project
1891:56-58
Hiding places for information, how to do project
1891:37-39
Internet, how to use to gather information project

1891:16-19
Invisible message using lemon juice, how to do
project 1891:82-83
Invisible message using milk, how to do project
1891:83-85
Julius Caesar cipher code, how to do project
1891:103-105
Key pictures to copy locked room key, how to do
project 1891:33-35
Legends or acting out part of spy, how to do
project 1891:7-10
Magnifying lens in emergency, how to do project
1891:54-56
Mapping skills for spy, how to do project
1891:28-30
Miniature writing to get secret information to a
contact, how to do project 1891:77-81
Morse code message, how to do project
1891:111-114
Opening letters; how to open envelopes using
science project 1891:22-24
Page grills secret messages, how to do project
1891:92-95
Paper tube to see out window, how to do project
1891:51-53
Parabolic microphone listening device, how to
make project 1891:61-64
Periscope to see around corners, how to make
project 1891:46-49
Photographs during spy mission; how to do without being noticed project 1891:35-37
Scytale, dowel and tack device, to send secret
message, how to do project 1891:89-92
Secret codes and passwords, how to use them
project 1891:10-12
Simple code to send secret messages, how to do
project 1891:101-102
Spray starch and iodine invisible message, how
Sunglasses with mirrors to see objects behind you,
how to do project 1891:49-51
Symbols simple code, how to do project
1891:109-111
Tailing a person in order to gain information
project 1891:25-27
Torn dollars; one way spies make contact; how to
do project 1891:72-74
Tracking device to track a tricycle, how to do
project 1891:67-69
Transfer information without making contact, how
220
SPORTS
Baseball; baseball or softball bat, its COG and its
sweet spot experiment 1989:72-74
Baseball; curve balls experiment 1989:55-57
Baseball; friction and English experiment
1989:78-80
Baseball; impulse and catching experiment
1989:86-90
Baseball; lefties and the distance to first base
Baseball; speed on the base paths experiment
1989:12-13
Baseball; throwing speed from the outfield experiment 1989:16-17
Basketball and Newtons First Law of Motion
Basketball; are passes really faster experiment
1989:18
Basketball; shooting distances experiment
1989:118-119
Basketball; shooting from different angles experiment 1989:116-117
Bicycling; how does a moving bicycle help you
balance experiment 1567:24-27
Collision between surfaces and balls used in sports
Collisions and mass experiments 1989:102-106
Follow-through and momentum experiment
1989:83-85
Football; a footballs center of gravity and kicking
experiment 1989:71
Football; a footballs center of gravity and passing
Football; friction and football cleats experiment
1989:76-77
Football; how to kick a football the maximum
distance experiment 1989:27-30
Hockey; how a goalie reduces the shooting angle
Hockey; how fast can you shoot a hockey puck
experiment 1989:21
Hockey; shooting from different angles experiment
1989:111-113
Home field; is there a home field advantage in sports
computer project 2012:22-36
1567:21-23
Ice skating is easier to do on a warm day than on
a very cold day experiment 1659:3-5
Ice skating; making circles on ice experiment
1989:51-54
Trash treasures project; how to get information

from trash 1891:19-21
SPINNERS
1753:38
Several experiments with spinners 2000:89-110
Spinner demonstrates air resistance experiment,
how to make 1558:17
Spinning color wheel makes white color experiment 1627:14-16
1713:16-17
Twirler, make from cardboard and string
1745:41-42
SPINNING
1579:55-58
SPIROGYRA
How does acid rain in freshwater affect the
cell structure of spirogyra experiment
1539:106-108
SPITTLEBUGS
How to catch and keep spittlebugs 1653:29-31
SPONGES
Isolating spicules of sponges experiment
1930:72-73
Reaggregation experiment with sponges
1930:72-73
SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
Can flies grow from decaying bananas experiment
1851:66-67
1987:30-32
Van Helmonts recipe for mice experiment
1851:67
SPORE PRINTS
Mushroom spore print, how to make 1916:45
SPORES. See also FUNGI; MOSSES;
MUSHROOMS; SLIME MOLDS
Is there an easy way to see mushroom spores
Make spore patterns experiment 1893:16
2027:72-73
Spore print experiment, how to make 1546:59
Spore prints experiment 2025:36-37
221
Mung beans or alfalfa seeds sprout in jar in the

dark experiment 1631:18
Mustard seeds sprout on sponge experiment
1640:25-26
Salad garden grows sprouts for you 1546:48-49
Seeds sprout with or without soil experiment
1832:63-65
Sprouts from seeds experiment, how to do
1555:60
SQUIRRELS
Can squirrels really fly experiment 1856:46-49
How feeding strategy of gray squirrels differs as
distance from cover increases experiment
1552:119-125
Plant nut trees the way squirrels do experiment
1805:50
STABILITY. See also BALANCE
STAG BEETLES
How to catch and keep stag beetles 1653:79-81
STAIN REMOVERS. See also STAINS
How well do all stain removers work experiment
1876:133-134
STAINED GLASS
Polarized light mosaic experiment; make stained
glass window without glass 1578:84-89
STAINING. See also MICROSCOPE
STAINS. See also STAIN REMOVERS
STALACTITES AND STALAGMITES. See also
CRYSTALS
Cave icicles experiment, how to make 1864:66-67
Demonstrate formation of stalactites and stalagmites
experiment 1859:43
Grow stalagmites and stalactites in model cave
How are stalactites and stalagmites formed experiment 1751:78
How are they formed experiment using Epsom
salt and string 1738:15
How do stalactites and stalagmites grow experiment 1876:153
Humidity and temperature affects formation of
stalactites and stalagmites experiment
1859:42-43
Limestone cave formation experiment, plastic
bottle, sand and sugar 1599:88-89
Make a stalactite experiment with washing soda
crystals and water 1635:15
Make stalactites and stalagmites experiment
1802:32-33
When do stalactites and stalagmites form experiment
1905:44-46
Ice skating; speed on ice experiment 1989:14-15

Objects center of gravity experiment
1989:60-63
Protection for collisions experiment 1989:98-101
Roller blades; what is relationship between
speed and stopping distance on roller
blades experiment 1567:14-16
Soccer; shooting from different angles experiment
1989:108-110
Soccer; what muscles do you use to kick a ball
Speed and running surface experiment 1989:31
Sports and Newtons First Law of Motion experiments 1989:37-40
Sports and Newtons Second Law of Motion
Sports and Newtons Third Law of Motion experiments 1989:45-47
Sports drinks and other drinks tested for electrolytes
SPREADSHEETS
SPRING. See also SEASONSSPRING
Science experiments and projects for spring
1894:6-30
SPRING PEEPERS. See also FROGS
SPRING SCALES. See also SCALES
MEASUREMENT
SPRINGS
Stored energy experiment, cork creature on spring
leaps into air 1560:14-15
SPROUTS. See also SEEDSSPROUTS
Alphabet sprouts; grow sprouts on paper alphabet
cut outs experiment 1557:109
Bean sprouts in salad experiment 1642:10-11
Bean sprouts, how to grow 1997:100-102
Bean sprouts; how do bean sprouts grow experiment 1568:125-126
Compare growing sprout and grass seedlings to see
how grass survives cutting by lawnmower
1546:30
Green hair sprouts experiment 1639:71
Grow bean sprouts experiment 2014:204-205
Grow plants on kitchen sponge experiment
1831:77
Grow sprout head in decorated eggshells experiment
1546:41
How to grow sprouts experiment 1734:42
Kitchen seeds sprout experiment 1856:72-75
222
STAMENS. See also FLOWERS

STARCH. See also COMPOUNDS; IODINE
Apples; test for chemical changes in ripening apples
Digesting starches experiment 1725:90
Enzyme mix that breaks starch into glucose and
measure amount of glucose present experiment 1571:61-63
Food; test for starch in foods experiment 1670:82
Foods; test for starch in food experiment
1981:47-48
Foods; test for starch in foods experiment
1934:62-64
Foods; test for starch in foods experiment 2014:12
Foods; which foods contain starch experiment
1843:241
Grains; compare grains for starch content experiment
1550:7
How does banana become ripe experiment, test
for starch 1934:65-67
Iodine test for presence of starch in cracker from
your mouth experiment 1571:23-24
Iodine test for starch experiment 1934:60-61
Iodine test for starch in food experiment
1864:105
Leaves; determine condition required for starch
to form in leaves experiment 1638:75-78
Leaves; sugar produced during photosynthesis
stored as starch in leaves experiment
1987:21-23
Leaves; test for starch in leaves experiment
1638:75-78
Make starch and turn it into a sugar by heating
Paper; when does paper contain starch experiment
1905:49-50
Potato; test potato for starch experiment using
iodine 1546:35
Toast tastes better experiment 1864:106
What is a starch experiment 1904:65-68
What makes pudding and gravy lumpy experiment
1804:38-40
STARFISH
STARS
Activities to study the stars and constellations
2026:87-115
Astrolabe, how to construct and use experiment
1847:158-161
Astronomers flashlight with red filter, how to make

1847:42-44
Azimuth and altitude of a star, how to measure
Brightness of stars, how brightness is compared
1847:141-149
Compass rose, how to make with protractor and
paper plate 1847:157-158
Constellations baked on pancake surface experiment, recipe for pancakes 1627:18
Coordinates; determine the coordinates of a star
Counting stars experiment 1915:38-40
Dark nebula, how to simulate experiment
1847:221-223
Distance of a star from the Earth affects its parallax
distance experiment 2050:45-46
Distance of star affects its apparent magnitude
Earths rotation affects movement of stars due to
the parallax experiment 2050:43-50
Eclipsing binary stars, how to demonstrate
1847:197-200
How parallax works to determine distance of stars
from earth experiment 1660:42-43
Jar of stars, make from corn syrup, food coloring
and foil stars 1708:22-23
List of stars 1847:230-231
Mobile of stars, how to make 2015:17
Model of eclipsing double star, how to make
1974:31
Models of twinkling star light experiment
1612:57-58
Mural; star mural for wall, how to make
1697:18-19
Parallax; distances of different stars from the Earth
experiment 1953:159
Photographing the stars experiment 2015:10-11
1627:18-20
Planetarium to view stars, how to make from shoe
box and flashlight 1847:190-192
Simulate refraction patterns of distant stars project
1864:23-24
Slide show of stars, how to make from shoe box
and black paint 1706:17
Star clock, use to observe movement of the Big
Dippers stars experiment 2050:47-50
Star map of the seasons 1847:224-227
Star tracks; how to photograph experiment
1906:29-31
Star trails; how to photograph experiment
1566:10-13
223
Electrophorus device to collect and hold charges

of static electricity experiment 2053:23-24
Electroscope detects presence of electric charge
experiment 1758:71
Electroscope detects static charges experiment,
Electroscope detects static electricity experiment,
Electroscope measures static electricity experiment,
how to make electroscope 1864:116-117
Electroscope you make picks up static charge
Electroscope; build electroscope to detect electrical
charge experiment 1577:40-44
Electrostatic flower demonstrates principles of
static electricity 1864:129
Electrostatic generation using Van de Graaff
generator experiment 1936:27
Fill a stocking without putting a leg into it experiment 1844:285
Fluorescent tube glows from static electricity
How does rubbing with wool affect plastic strips
experiment 1844:276
How does water behave with static electricity
1637:29
Investigate conditions that create static electricity
experiment 1899:1-6
Jumping puffed wheat experiment demonstrates
Law of poles says similar charges repel experiments
1845:27-31
Levitation using static electricity experiment
1839:187-193
Leyden jar holds charges experiment, how to
build 2053:25-27
Lightning jumps from balloon to your hair experiment 1564:25-27
Magic trick electric snowstorm in a box experiment
1716:8-9
Magnetic properties of static electrons experiment
1936:28
Materials that make biggest charge of static electricity, science principles, activities and data
sheets 1875:196-199
Moving bubbles with electricity experiment
1607:68-72
Neon circuit tester bulb lights up when rubbed
against styrofoam cup experiment
1659:64-66
Nylon stocking and plastic bag demonstrates
Stars tell time experiment, make star time teller,

directions given 2038:54-57
1975:200-201
Twinkling stars, how to simulate experiment
1847:205-207
What makes a star twinkle experiment 1904:39-42
Why light from distant stars appears to twinkle
project, construct a star bowl 1864:21-22
STARSCONSTELLATIONS. See also
CONSTELLATIONS
1847:30-34
Star map, how to use to find constellations experiment 1847:35-41
STATIC ELECTRICITY. See also ELECTRICITY
STATIC ELECTRICITY; ELECTROSCOPE; ELECTROSTATICS; LEYDEN
JAR
Balloon charged by rubbing with wool fabric
separates pepper from salt 1537:54-55
Balloon moves can experiment 1879:44-45
Balloon rubbed on woolen sweater makes static
electricity experiment 1561:9
Balloons and electric charge experiments
1606:84-90
Balloons stick to wall experiment 1879:42-43
Bend water experiment 1844:286
Bubbles avoid electric shock from Van de Graaff
generator experiment 1959:46-47
Build Gilberts Versorium to test for staticproducing materials experiment 1845:42
Cereal dances in clear plastic covered box experiment 1630:15
Charged balloon and rice cereal demonstrates
static electricity experiment 1839:73-78
Charged balloon attracts different materials
Charging things experiment 1605:32-36
Dancers made from tissue paper jump and whirl
around experiment 1864:124
Dancing bits in bottle dance around from static
electricity experiment 1531:25
Effects of static electricity experiments
1758:68
Electric charge bends water experiment 1753:36
Electric dancing flea circus from static electricity
Electrical balloons, get charged up experiment
1990:64-65
Electrical charge affects running water experiment
1899:7-9
224
Nylon stocking filled with static electricity acts

like a ghost experiment 1659:61-63
Opposites attract experiment with balloons
2053:13-14
Paper spider legs move on charged balloon experiment 1537:52-53
Piezoelectric rocks produce sparks called triboluminescence experiment 2053:18-19
Plastic comb charged by rubbing with wool
fabric attracts stream of water experiment
1537:54
Producing light without a filament experiment
1899:11-13
Puffed rice scooters experiment 1884:36-38
Removing static charges in clothing by grounding
experiment 1936:26
Static cling experiment with balloon and newspaper
1845:7
rice 1845:9
Static detector experiment, make from glass jar
and aluminum foil 1747:11
Static detector lights fluorescent bulb experiment
2053:22-23
Static electricity can make objects stick together
Static electricity from rubbing balloon lights up
florescent tube experiment 1564:25-27
Static electricity generator experiment, how to
build 2053:27-28
Static electricity in clothing materials experiment
1936:25
Static electricity on TV screens experiment
1936:22
Thunderstorms; detecting approaching thunderstorms experiment 1936:23-24
Triboelectric sequence from most positive to most
negative for static charge experiment
2053:8-10
Versorium, static electricity detector experiment,
Water bender experiment with balloon attracting
water 1747:7
What changes the way balloons react to each
other experiment 1844:277
What will a comb do to puffed rice experiment
1844:279-280
Why does hair stick to comb experiments with
Why does paper leap for a balloon experiment
1844:281
STATISTICS
Statistics and how to use them in your science
project 1915:136-141
STATUES. See also ACID RAIN; MONUMENTS
STEADINESS TESTER
Coordination tester experiment, make from shoe
box, wire, light bulb and battery 1890:61-63
STEAM ENGINES
Make steam engine experiment 1907:37
When was the steam engine first put to use experiment 1905:21-24
STEAM TURBINE ENGINE. See also TURBINES
STEAMBOAT
Metal can and candle steamboat moves in water
STEEL WOOL. See also RUST
STEMS. See also PLANTSSTEMS
STENTORS. See INFUSORIA; SPIROSTOMA
STERILIZATION
Create a pure culture of a microbe experiment
1570:65-67
Methods of sterilization experiment; comparing
STETHOSCOPE. See also LAENNEC, RENE
Funnel and rubber tubing stethoscope, how to make
1831:15
Funnel stethoscope to hear beating of your heart,
how to make 1890:89
Hear heartbeat through a stethoscope, make from
funnel and plastic tubing 1726:25
Heart; stethoscope lets you hear your heart, make
from plastic tubing and funnel 1753:55
Make from plastic tubing and funnel 1749:23
Simple stethoscope from funnel and tubing, how
to make 1878:56-57
Testing two stethoscopes to see which is better for
listening to sounds experiment 1618:16
STICK INSECTS
Eggs and breeding stick insects, how to do
1873:18-19
Feeding stick insects, how to do 1873:20-23
How to house and keep stick insects 1873:17
STILTS
How to make juice can stilts 1745:77-78
STOKES LAW
Stokes Law applies to non-spherical objects dropped
in viscous fluids experiment 1539:163-165
STOMATA. See also LEAVES
1655:36-37
225
What happens to spinach when placed in hot water

STORAGE BATTERY. See also BATTERIES
STORAGE CELL. See also BATTERIES
STORMS
Stormy seas in soda bottle experiment 1630:15-16
STOVES
Build a thermostat to control temperature in a
heated jar experiment 1532:77
1679:24-25
STREAM TABLE. See also STREAMS
STREAMLINING
STREAMS. See also FRESHWATER; PONDS;
LAKES
Compare animals and plant life found in ponds and
streams projects 1583:58-62
streams 1570:99-100
In what order do materials settle in water experiment 1842:139
Net to catch living things in streams, how to make
1970:115
Pollution in stream experiment, how to investigate
1603:26-27
Speed and volume of stream; how to measure
experiment 1550:48
Velocity or speed of water in stream measured
experiment 1751:93
STREET LIGHTS
Automatic light goes on and off like a streetlight
STRENGTH. See also FORCE
STRING INSTRUMENTS. See also MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS
STROBOSCOPE
Construct stroboscope to observe its effect on
motion experiment 1758:70
Device to observe falling water drops and to study
their shapes, how to make 1677:21-27
Flashing lights for dancing stroboscope experiment

1627:6-8
Pulses of light on moving object experiment, make
simple stroboscope 1901:115-119
STRUCTURAL STRENGTH. See also COMPRESSIONAL STRENGTH; PAPER
ENGINEERING
Beams; model beam tests strength and stability
experiment 1610:145
Book is supported on one sheet of paper experiment 1879:80-81
Dollar bill holds up four quarters experiment
1639:77
Eggs demonstrate strength of arch 1783:20-21
Eggshell halves support pile of books experiment
1879:82-83
Magic wand has strength but crushes easily magic
trick experiment 1717:18-19
Molecular structure of eggshell affects its strength
Push straw through potato experiment
1879:73-74
Pylon tower strength demonstration 1783:18-19
Rivets and welds give strength and stability in
long spans experiment 1610:145-147
Sheet of paper bridge holds up book experiment
1879:77-79
Simple demonstration of weight of roof spread
out over walls 1783:14-15
Straw through potato demonstrates 1970:71
Stresses; models of five basic types of stresses
Super strong egg holds up books magic experiment
1717:22-23
Tent strength demonstration 1783:24-25
Why dont eggs break under a chicken experiment
1857:74-77
Wooden stool demonstrates strength of shapes, how
to build experiment 1802:46-47
STRUCTURES. See also ARCHITECTURE;
BUILDING
Make models of famous buildings, structures and
airplane using scale drawing 1824:44-47
Roofs; cantilever roof experiment, how to make
1532:52
Roofs; folded barrel roof, experiment and how to
make from paper, tongue depressors, pencils,
thread 1532:53
226
Skyscrapers; model miniature skyscraper experiment, how to build 1532:62-63

Structure needs foundation to stay up in soft ground
experiment, plastic bottle, modeling clay,
wallpaper paste, large tank 1532:48-49
Walls; build brick walls in various patterns and
test for strength experiment 1532:50
SUBMARINES. See also DIVINGSUBMARINES
Cartesian diver (eye dropper in bottle of water)
demonstrates how submarine works experiment 1601:44-45
Cartesian diver demonstrates why submarines work
1983:50-51
Compressed air experiment, submarine sinks and
rises 1838:23
Demonstrate how a submarine can be made to rise
How a submarine floats experiment 1803:12-13
How submarine floats and sinks experiment
1753:76
Lemon peel in jar of water with balloon cover
demonstrates submarines rise and fall
1596:23
Make a submarine from plastic bottle experiment
1961:21
Model submarine dives and resurfaces by using
water and air experiment 1802:38-39
Plastic bottle submarine in tank of water rises and
falls experiment 1596:25
and surface experiment 1596:22
under water and rise to surface again
1838:23
SUBMERSIBLES. See also DIVING
SUBMARINES
Build submersible using modeling clay and a
plastic tube experiment 1532:107
SUCROSE
SUGAR
Compare sweetness of natural and artificial
sweeteners experiment 1849:109-111
Cookies; how much sugar does one cookie contain

Dissolving rates of sugar at different temperatures
1758:27
Do diet sodas weigh less than sugared colas experiment 1659:40-42
Enzyme; mix enzyme that breaks starch into
glucose and measure amount of glucose
present experiment 1571:61-63
Gum; how much sugar does gum contain experiment 2048:111
Hollywood fake glass from sugar experiment
1631:12
Make sugar crystals on a string experiment
1833:78
from water, sugar, paper clips and string
1548:36-38
1631:10-12
Sugar and gelatin solution grows crystals experiment 1851:103
Test for glucose sugar in ripe banana experiment
1934:67
Test for natural sugar in foods experiment
1864:94-95
1548:34
Water moves to cells containing sugar experiment
1546:12
Which foods contain sugar experiment 1843:240
Which is more soluble in water, salt or sugar experiment 1833:60
SULFUR. See also CARBON
SULFUR DIOXIDE. See also ACID RAIN
SUMMER. See also SEASONSSUMMER
Books and activities about sunny days
1741:104-135
Science experiments and projects for summer
1895:6-29
SUN
Activities to study the Sun and solar eclipses
2026:25-55
227
Angles of Suns rays affect their strength experiment 1753:71

Binary Sun system experiment that shows how
differently substances would heat it two
Suns were in sky above planet 1534:23-26
Binary Sun system experiment to observe heating of
Earth by using two model Suns 1534:27-30
Blue and red Suns experiment to observe heating
Compare diameter and volume of Earth and Sun
Daylight hours increase or decrease equally at
both ends of day experiment 1587:75-76
Diameter of Sun; finding diameter of Sun project
using pinhole image 1610:49-51
Energy; how much energy does the Sun produce
Finding North with Sun and stick experiment
1587:53-57
Geometric model to estimate distance from Earth
to Sun project 1610:38-43
1915:26-28
Gravitational center of orbits experiment
1864:145
experiment 2050:35
Heating/cooling of actual land forms with a red,
Height of the Sun experiment 1737:11
Look at Sun safely, how to do 1542:12
Map Suns path across the sky experiment
1587:69-72
Map the Suns path experiment 1915:32-34
Mapping sunspots experiment 1974:23
Midday according to Suns shadow experiment
1587:73-74
Model explains why skies are blue and sunsets
red project, how to make 1610:33-35
Model of distance between Sun and Earth to
scale experiment 1533:10-11
Observing the Sun experiment 1974:22
Particles in atmosphere causes sky to look blue and
experiment 1528:27
1534:3-6
Relationship between motion of the Sun and time

Seasons; how the Sun affects the seasons experiment 1850:125-134
Shadows that grow and shadows that dont grow
Shadows; objects, Sun and shadows experiment
1587:22-25
Shadows; when longest and shortest from Sun
experiment 1542:19
Spreading the Suns light experiment 1528:16
Sun dapples recorded experiment 1587:31-34
Suns rays give us heat experiment, using glass,
water, thermometer and aluminum foil
1547:10-13
Sunspots; how to observe safely experiment
1737:12
Temperatures of anti-red/anti-blue shadows from a
Temperatures on planet Earth might differ if Sun was
a different distance experiment 1534:45-51
Tracking or following wavelengths of light coming
from Sun experiment 1660:44-45
Tracking the Suns movement experiment
1935:46
Why the Earth is cooler in winter experiment
1850:132-134
SUN PRINTS
Sun print of nature objects experiment 1916:13
SUN SCREENS
How effective are various items in protecting against
ultraviolet radiation experiment 1539:118-120
SUN SPOTS
Why the Earth is cooler in winter experiment
1850:132-134
SUN TEA
Make tea from solar power, how to do 1555:71
Sun tea and mint lemonade, how to make
1916:35
SUNECLIPSES. See also ECLIPSES
SUNDEW PLANTS
Raise sundews at home, how to do 1882:unp
Sundew plant parts grow into new plants experiment 1882:unp
228
SUNDIALS
Flowerpot and skewer sundial, how to make
1657:41-43
Flowerpot sundial, how to make 1616:12-13
Flowerpot sundial, how to make 1831:62-63
Flowerpot sundial, how to make 2022:53
Garden sundial from old car tire, how to make
1836:61-62
Garden sundial, how to make 2015:36
How do sundials work experiment 1737:4
How to make and use sundial 1640:104-105
How to make sundial 1917:42-43
Make a sundial from paper plate and straw
1557:18-19
Make sundial from styrofoam tray and bamboo
skewer 1744:83-85
Make sundial with cardboard and stick
1547:20-22
Make your own sundial from ball, stick and cardboard 1542:21
Patio block or wood sundial, how to make
1830:87
Plywood sundial, how to make 1587:65-68
Portable sundial, how to make 2015:37
Portable sundial, how to make from ball point pen
1633:81
Shadow meter, to tell time on sunny day; how to
make 1737:5
Stick and stone sundial experiment 1660:30-33
Sundial clock, how to make 1938:68-69
Sundial from triangles, dimensions given for sections
of the U.S. 1630:38-40
Tell time from Sun by building your own sundial
Wood and cardboard sundial, how to make
1967:66-67
Wooden bowl sundial, how to make 1633:80
SUNGLASSES
Design of lenses reduces glare experiment
1901:61-63
How effective are various items in protecting
against ultraviolet radiation experiment
1539:118-120
Mirrored sunglasses, how to make with cardboard
frames 1699:10-12
Polarizing material sunglasses experiment
2028:42-43
Polarizing sunglasses reduce glare when polarizing lenses are oriented properly experiment
1578:90-93
Show how polarizing sunglasses block polarized
Show how sensitivity photochronic glasses react

to sunlight 1532:120
SUNLIGHT
Darth Fader effect of sunlight on color experiment
1935:84-85
Electricity can be made from sunlight experiment
1787:75-79
Focusing heat from Sun experiment 1528:34
1528:35
Insulation; how effective insulation is to prevent
Length of shadow outside in sunlight measurements
during day experiment 1547:15-18
experiment 1528:29
Rate of evaporation of water in direct sunshine
and shade experiment 1528:35
Solar collectors from tin cans get heat from Sun
Splitting sunlight into colors experiment
1588:29
Sunlight affects colors experiment 1540:22-23
Sunlight effect on colored objects experiment using
plastic bottles filled with different colored
water 1934:68-69
When can sunlight distill water experiment
1905:122-124
Where can we get energy while in space experiment 1906:39-41
SUNRISES
Make sunrise and sunset chart 1547:25-28
SUNSCREENS
How does sunscreen work experiment 1752:83
How well different strengths of sunscreens work
SUNSETS
Bending light and sunsets experiment 1528:21
229
Make sunrise and sunset chart 1547:25-28

Milk and water in dish demonstrates color of
sunsets 1820:28-29
Model explains why skies are blue and sunsets
red project, how to make 1610:33-35
1701:51-57
Why are sunsets red experiment 1542:29
1578:3-7
Why we see the Sun after it sets experiment
1953:212
SUNTAN LOTIONS. See SUNSCREENS
SURFACE TENSION. See also LIQUIDS;
Effects of surface tension experiment 1758:28
Tension surface dissolves between two liquids
SURFACTANTS. See DETERGENTS; SOAP;
WATER SOFTENERS
SURVEYING THEODOLITE. See also
THEODOLITE
SURVEYS
Survey of what kind of pet owners like best experiment, how to graph 2039:32-33
SUSPENSIONS. See also EMULSIONS

Cornstarch and water mixture experiment
2001:120-123
Demonstrate suspension and solutions with water,
soil and salt experiment 1953:272
SWEET POTATOES. See also PLANTSSWEET
POTATOES; POTATOESSWEET
Grow sweet potato vine, how to do 1555:100
How does sunlight affect plant growth experiment
with sweet potatoes 1742:49-51
How to grow potato vine in jar of water 1836:42
How to grow sweet potatoes experiment 1757:68
SWIMMING
Which swimsuit materials have the least drag to
help a swimmer go faster project 2012:37-41
SWIMMING POOL
Why would anyone pour baking soda into a
swimming pool experiment 1743:106-107
SWIMSUITS
Which swimsuit materials has the least drag to
help a swimmer go faster project 2012:37-41
SWITCHES. See also ELECTRIC; ELECTRICITY
SWITCHES
SYMMETRY
Mirrors and symmetry experiment 1608:27
Testing letters and words in symmetry 1608:27-29
What is radial symmetry experiment 1851:140-141
SYNODIC TIME. See TIME
230
&
TADPOLES. See also FROGS

Caring for eggs and tadpoles, how to do 1736:25-27
Collecting tadpoles or frog eggs, how to do
1736:22-24
Do tadpoles like to hide under cover experiment
1736:41
Do tadpoles prefer cover experiment 1652:94
Experiments with tadpoles and toads, data sheets
given 1652:85-101
Food; how does food availability affect growth
rate of tadpoles experiment 1652:92
Food; what do tadpoles like to eat experiment
1736:36-37
Food; where do tadpoles like to feed experiment
1736:38-39
How to collect frog spawn and raise tadpoles in
aquarium 1723:15
Light; are tadpoles attracted to light experiment
1736:40
Observe tadpoles for sizes, species and growth
Tadpoles grow into frogs in aquarium experiment
1906:91-93
Tadpoles; how to collect and hatch 1550:165-166
Temperature; how does temperature affect growth
rate of tadpoles experiment 1652:92-94
Temperature; what temperatures are best for tadpoles
What is a tadpole experiment 1843:115-116
TAIGA
Acid rain test, how to do 1796:51-52
Observe and record changes in tracks you make in
tracking area over period of time experiment
1796:33
Things to do to conserve and preserve the taiga
biome 1796:57-60
What to look for in a taiga biome 1796:44-45
TALEIDOSCOPE. See also KALEIDOSCOPES
Taleidoscope/kaleidoscope, how to make; black
tube, microscope slides, plastic wrap
1537:114-115
TANNIC ACID
TANNINS
1672:57-59
TAP ROOT. See also ROOTS
TAPE RECORDINGS
Magnets affect cassette tape recordings experiment
1851:134-135
Tape recordings are made using magnets experiment 1683:63-64
TARNISH
Remove silver tarnish experiment 1864:122-123
TASTE. See also SENSESTASTE
TASTE AND SMELL. See also SENSESTASTE
AND SMELL
Sniff and taste test using fruit and fruit juices
TEA
pH of tea changes with milk or lemon experiment
1540:56
1672:57-59
TECTONIC PLATES
Demonstrate sea floor spreading experiment
2050:127-132
Jigsaw puzzle of Earths plates, how to make
1802:29
Models of plates on ocean floor experiment
2050:127-132
Shifting plates demonstration using modeling
clay 1802:28
What happens when plate boundaries move experiment 1535:74-76
What happens when two plates collide experiment
1535:77-78
TEETH. See also HUMAN BODYTEETH
How do acids affect tooth enamel experiment
2037:254
TEFLON
Nonstick polymer, Teflon, experiment 1675:20-22
231
TELEGRAPH. See also MORSE CODE

signals, how to make (Advanced) 1584:28-45
Electricity helps us communicate experiment with
telegraphs 1844:335-336
Make telegraph from wood block, wire, light bulb,
knife switch, battery; Morse code given
1537:62-64
Tin can telegraph, how to make 1629:6-8
Two-way telegraph line, how to do 1584:42-45
TELEPHONE
Construct and use telephone from string and styrofoam cups 1903:109-111
Cup and string telephone, how to make 1788:38-39
Cup and string telephone, how to make 1907:24-25
Cup and thread telephone helps carry your voice
Cup phones experiment, make from paper cups
and string 1970:307
Cup telephone demonstrates sound travels through
solids experiment 1790:127-132
Food cans and string used to make a telephone
1691:27
Garden hose telephone, how to make 1903:63-65
How does a telephone work experiments with
string telephone 1857:96-99
Make telephone from box, wire, battery and earphone 1657:85-87
Make telephone from funnels and plastic tubing
1970:12
Make telephone from wire, plastic cups and magnets
1749:44-45
Optical fibers; plastic tube and water show how an
optical fiber works experiment 1532:159
Tin can and cord telephone, how to make 1967:111
Tin can telephone made from two cans and string
1745:85-86
Transmitting sound by vibrating materials experiment 2045:40-41
TELESCOPE
Galileos telescope, how to make from tubes and
lenses 2006:112-113
How does a telescope work experiment 1753:102
Make a telescope experiment using lenses and
cardboard tube 2015:62-63
Make telescope from two convex lenses 1611:38-40
Open design telescope to see where image is formed
and where it is magnified experiment
1956:37-43
Reflecting telescope, how to make 1988:76-81
Reflecting; build a simple reflecting telescope, how
to do 1901:111-114
Reflecting; importance of diameter in a reflecting

telescope experiment 1608:84
Refracting telescope experiment using two magnifying glasses 1935:75
Refracting; build refracting telescope from 2
magnifying lenses, wooden ruler and clay
1657:19-22
Simple telescope experiment, how to make
1988:69-72
Simple telescope, how to make 2028:71-73
Telescope from cardboard tubes and convex
lenses, how to make 1988:73-75
When was the telescope first used experiment
1905:27-29
TELEVISION
Model picture tube using flashlight to represent
electron guns and cellophane strips to represent phosphor strips 1532:150-151
Scanning breaks a television picture into lines
TEMPERATURE
Color effect on temperature of black paint and
plaster of Paris powder experiment 1895:7
Crayons affected by heat and cold experiment
1832:51-53
Daily; how much temperature change is there every
day project 1739:8
Drinking bird; effect of changing temperature
and humidity on behavior of drinking bird
Earth; where is hottest/coldest place on Earth
Eggs cook at different temperatures experiment
1679:15-17
Heat flows from warmer outside to colder inside
experiment with penny on neck of frozen
bottle 1707:24
Hot drinks; how do you keep a cup of hot tea hot
Hot drinks; temperature of fingers changes when
you drink hot or cold liquids experiment
1879:57-58
Land; heating/cooling of actual land forms with a red,
Low level temperature near ground level and in soil
experiment 1528:60
Measure temperature changes in water and sand,
indoors and out experiment 2017:44-45
232
Basic terrarium, how to make 1645:11

Cactus plant terrarium, how to prepare 1631:31
Fern terrarium, how to make 1973:80-81
Habitat; building a terrarium habitat experiment
1641:15-21
How to make a terrarium 1633:93-94
How to make a terrarium experiment 2014:264-265
Plants grow in plastic bottle terrarium experiment
1831:71
Prehistoric landscape terrarium, how to make
1862:28-29
Rain forest terrarium, how to set up and maintain
1602:2-3
Rain forest terrarium, make from soda bottle, soil
and plants 1970:23
Solar radiation increase effect simulated in terrariums experiment 1861:27
Tabletop terrarium, how to make 1639:80
Terrarium in glass jar, how to make 1572:128-129
What is a terrarium experiment 1843:20-21
Woodland terrarium experiment, how to make with
soil, leaves, branches, wood, pine cones
1546:60-61
TESTS. See also INDICATORS
TEXTILES. See also CLOTH; FABRICS; FIBERS
THAUMATROPE
Make from pencil, paper and cardboard
1890:104-105
THERMAL ENERGY
THERMAL POLLUTION. See also WATER
POLLUTION; WATER POLLUTION
THERMAL RADIATION
Thermal radiation travels in straight line experiment
1534:114
THERMOGEL
THERMOMETERS. See also HEAT;
TEMPERATURE
Alcohol and water thermometers compared experiment 1534:109
Bottle thermometer demonstrates how thermometer
works experiment, how to make 1861:18-19
Bottle thermometer, how to make 2054:125
Cricket chirps tell you the temperature, how to
count 1753:122

1577:18-20
Metals; expansion and contraction of metal tube
Microclimate beneath the soil, at ground level, temperature measurement experiment 1528:60
Mittens trap body heat to help us stay warm experiment 1613:163-172
Mittens; how do mittens keep hands warm experiment 1840:67-74
Odors; effect of temperatures on odors experiment
1540:37
Pretzel recipe where temperature counts 1668:32
Temperature above ground and underground differs
on a hot day experiment 1751:42
Which warms faster, water or soil experiment
1861:20-23
Wind; recording temperature and effect of wind
on it experiment, how to build anemometer
1894:10-11
Your temperature, measuring experiment
1982:79-82
TEMPERATURE INVERSION. See also AIR
POLLUTION; SMOG
TENEBRIO BEETLES. See MEALWORMS
TENNIS
TENSILE STRENGTH. See also STRUCTURAL
STRENGTH
Testing tensile strength experiment 2045:18
TERMINAL VELOCITY
1579:51-54
TERMITES
How do termite mounds keep the insects inside
cool experiment 1852:68-71
How to catch and keep termites 1653:60-63
TERRARIUMS. See also ECOSYSTEMS
Adding earthworms to a terrarium experiment
1641:23-31
Adding isopods (pill bugs, roly-poly, sow bugs)
to a terrarium experiment 1641:33-41
Animals; keep small animals in a terrarium
Backyard terrarium from fish tank, soil, plants, rocks
and soil animals, how to make 1810:36
233
Dyed water used to demonstrate principle of

thermometer experiment 1758:58
Fahrenheit and Celsius thermometers experiment
1906:68-70
Fahrenheit thermometer model, how to make
2054:124-125
Fahrenheit thermometer model, how to make on
poster board 1861:16-19
Galileo water thermometer experiment, how to
make 2006:107-109
Make a thermometer like Marie Curies students
1755:109-110
Make a thermometer, paper copy 1897:8-9
Make from glass bottle, cork, straw and water
1657:24-26
Make from plastic bottle and food coloring experiment 2014:37
Make from plastic bottle, straw and food coloring
2017:9
Make from plastic bottle, straw, alcohol and food
coloring 1537:27-28
Make from plastic tubing and food coloring experiment 1842:86-87
Make simple bottle thermometer to measure temperature experiment 1832:7-9
Safe thermometer without glass or mercury, how
to make 1648:57-59
When was the thermometer invented experiment
1905:53-56
THERMONUCLEAR ENERGY
Use thermonuclear energy to burst a balloon experiment 1959:31
THERMOPLASTICS
Effects of heat on polystyrene experiment
1840:151-156
THERMOSTAT
Build a thermostat to control temperature in a
heated jar experiment 1532:77
THIGMOTROPISM. See also PLANTS
TROPISMS
THOMSON, J. J.
THUMB. See HUMAN BODY
THUNDER AND LIGHTNING
Demonstrate thunder with paper bag experiment
1903:13-15
How far away is the lightning experiment
1878:49-50
How far away is the lightning experiment 1903:9-12
How far away is the storm experiment 1953:243
How far away is the thunderstorm experiment

1739:23
Light from a charged gas experiment using fluorescent light bulb 1673:41-43
Looking at lightning research project 2013:38-43
Make lightning static electricity experiment 1528:50
Photograph; how to photograph lightning 1647:26
Thunder explosion demonstrated with paper banger
experiment 1528:51
What causes thunder experiment 1861:68-71
THUNDERSTORMS
TIDE POOLS
Observation of tidal pool, how to do 1795:42-43
Seaweed press, how to make 1601:15-16
Tidal pool model to demonstrate effect of tide flow
1784:24-25
Tide pool diorama, how to make, patterns of animals
given 1834:20-23
Viewer to observe inhabitants experiment, plastic
pipe, Plexiglas, tape 1546:17
TIDES. See also OCEAN TIDES
Gauge; model tide gauge measures sea level and
tides experiment 1600:61-63
High and low; model representing high and low tides
Shorelines; different types of shorelines and tide
changes experiment 1957:38-43
Tide table, how to make to keep track of tide in
your area 1812:7
TIE-DYE
Tie-bleach T-shirt experiment 1627:42-44
TIME. See also CLOCKS; NIGHT AND DAY;
SHADOWS; SUNDIALS
Candle timekeeper, how to make 2038:38-39
Day; where does each new day begin experiment
1906:32-34
Finger time; use fingers, Sun and horizon line to
tell time experiment 1831:94
Midday according to Suns shadow experiment
1587:73-74
Noon marks, small beam of light at noon experiment 2038:32-33
Prime meridian; where is the prime meridian
Relationship between motion of the Sun and time
Solar day, how to demonstrate 2050:53-54
Stars tell time experiment, make star time teller,
directions given 2038:54-57
234
Sundial; tell time from Sun by building your own

sundial experiment 1533:26-27
Sunlight; spots of sunlight move as Earth rotates
Feet toy 1839:203-206
Time, frequency and period experiment 1982:92-96
Water clock (the Clepsydra) from Ancient Egypt,
Water clock experiment, how to make from plastic
containers, nail and water 1890:58-59
TIME CAPSULES
How to make a time capsule 1633:134-135
Shoe box time capsule filled with things from your
life, how to do 1785:77-78
TIME LINES
History of Earth school yard time line demonstration 1704:35
TIME ZONES
Compare differences in time for a traveler going
East or West experiment 1850:135-144
Time zones map, how to design experiment
2050:54-55
TIMERS
Candle timer experiment 1629:30
Egg timer from jars and light corn syrup demonstrate viscosity experiment 1659:43-45
Hourglass or 3-minute timer experiment 1629:32
Hourglass timekeepers, how to make 2038:43-44
1840:229-233
String timer experiment 1629:30
Water timer, how to make 1629:30-32
TIRES
Bicycle tire pump changes temperature during use
TOADS
Can toad be trained to look for food in response to
signals experiment 1652:96
Do toads prefer a jumble of plants to a bare space
experiment 1652:99
Do toads prefer dark or light substrate experiment
1652:101
Do toads prefer dry sandy soil or wet leaves and
moss experiment 1652:101
Do toads prefer moving prey experiment
1652:94-96
Experiments with tadpoles and toads, data sheets
given 1652:85-101
Garden toad house, how to make 1615:12-13

Will a toad stay in a house experiment 1652:99
TOBACCO HABIT. See SMOKING
TOMATOES
Tomato doesnt ripen using hot water to stop
ethylene gas experiment 1959:128-129
TOOTHPASTE
Foam at the mouth experiment 1667:1-3
Minty toothpaste, how to make 1529:28-29
Toothpaste under microscope experiment
2027:48-49
Which tooth cleaner best protects teeth from sugars
and acids experiment 1539:113-114
TOPIARY
How to grow plant into a certain shape experiment
1555:106
TOPOLOGY
What is topology experiment 2054:140-141
TOPS
1713:16-17
TORNADOES
Bottled tornado experiment reproduces powerful
vortex of tornado motion 1864:73-74
How does a tornado spin experiment 1751:29
Make a tornado experiment using carbonated water
1528:82
Make your own tornado in plastic soda bottle
1646:34-35
Mini tornado in glass of soda water and salt
experiment 1925:27
Shape; what is shape of a tornado experiment
1861:72-75
Simulate tornado by creating vortex in soda bottle
experiment 1550:30
Tornado in bottle of soap and water demonstration
1740:35
Vortex in jar of water demonstrates tornado
1528:83
Water forms funnel shaped vortex as it drains from
What makes a tornado demonstration 1831:95
TORRICELLI, EVANGELISTA
1586:49-53
235
TOUCH. See also SENSESTOUCH

TOYS
Ascending rockets; to what height experiment
1990:86-92
Balance; make a balance toy experiment 1990:12-14
Beach ball; throwing curves with a beach ball
Cars that loop-the-loop defy gravity experiment
1990:48-50
Cars with springs that bump experiment
1990:56-59
Cars, hills, brakes and gravity experiment
1990:51-52
Circling wagons on the move experiment
1990:98-102
Clay, boats and aluminum beverage cans experiment 1990:115-116
Dipping bird; why does a dipping bird drink
Electric and magnetic forces on a frictionless toy
air car experiment 1990:25-30
Friction; make a frictionless toy air car experiment
1990:15-21
How does a push-n-go toy work experiment
1990:108-109
How fast does a wind-up walking toy walk experiment 1990:106-107
Magnetic cars that go bump but dont touch experiment 1990:53-55
Marble in orbit experiment 1990:93-95
Marbles and balls on hills experiment 1990:43-44
Motor; make a toy electric motor 1990:31-33
Projectiles; speed and range of water projectiles
Ride safely on a toy car experiment 1990:60-61
Slinky; how is a slinky like a sound wave experiment 1565:6-9
Snow; walking on snow experiment 1990:112-114
Toy cars on hills experiment 1990:40-42
Wagons; pulling wagons experiment 1990:103-105
Water bombs away experiment 1990:84-85
TRACKS. See TRACKS AND TRACKING
TRACKS AND TRAILING
Animals; copy animals tracks using plaster of
Paris, how to do 2046:82
Animals; making cast of animal tracks project
1583:49-53
Animals; plaster cast animal tracks, how to do
1967:97
Animals; plaster cast of animal tracks, how to make
1546:71
Animals; plaster casts of animal footprints, how

to make 1973:32-33
Animals; plaster casts of footprints found in mud,
how to make 1591:29
Animals; plaster casts of tracks, how to do
1796:33
Animals; plaster of Paris copies of animal tracks
experiment 1830:84
Animals; preserve animal track with plaster of
Paris, how to do 1557:92-93
Animals; preserve animal tracks with plaster of
Paris experiment 1566:6-9
Animals; stamps and prints of animal tracks, how
to make 1729:163-167
Animals; track tray filled with damp sand and left
outside may get animal footprints 1546:70
Casts; modeling clay and plaster of Paris tracks,
how to make a cast 1630:42-44
Designs; finger paint recipe for creating track
designs, how to make 1636:44
Observe and record changes in tracks you make
in tracking area over period of time experiment 1796:33
TRAFFIC
Determining traffic patterns on your street experiment 1540:16-17
Do cars follow too closely projects 2012:57-66
Traffic flow survey of vehicles, how to do 1720:35
TRAFFIC LIGHTS
1612:114-116
TRAINS
Model magnetic levitation train experiment, how
to build 1532:98-99
TRANSECT
Beach transect to measure life at different beach
levels experiment 1973:68-69
TRANSFORMERS
Investigating transformers experiment 1908:41
TRANSPORTATION. See also AUTOMOBILES;
AIRPLANES; BOATS; CANOES; RAFTS;
RAILROADS
TRAPS
Crayfish trap, how to make from plastic berry
boxes 1967:24-25
TRAPSINSECTS. See also INSECTSTRAPS
TRASH. See also GARBAGE; SOLID WASTES
TREES
Age of a tree, how to measure experiment 1546:55
236
Age of tree by measuring circumference experiment 1690:20

Age; how old is a tree experiment 1973:21
Age; how to determine age of tree experiment
1593:30-33
Amber; make fake amber experiment 1667:54-55
Bark rubbing, how to make with paper, tape,
crayons 1546:57
Bark; how does the bark of trees differ experiment
1751:96
Buds; see buds burst open inside experiment
1546:54
Buds; trees can be identified by the arrangement and
shape of their buds experiment 1751:99
Christmas tree, how to grow experiment 1593:34-35
Classification of trees; science principles, activities,
Density; testing wood for heaviness or density
Evapo-transpiration demonstration with plastic
bag tied around leafy end of tree branch
1797:20
Evergreen trees dont lose their leaves in winter
experiment 1751:102
Fruit tree, how to plant and grow experiment
1757:74-75
Ground temperature under different kinds of trees
compared experiment 1540:66
Grow a tree from seeds experiment 1973:22-23
Grow small forest from tree fruits and seeds
experiment 1644:10
Growth; what parts of a tree grow experiment
1593:80-81
Hardness; testing wood for hardness experiment
1593:36
Healing; how does a tree heal itself 1751:91
Height of a tree, how to measure 1546:55
Height of tree, how to determine experiment
1602:68-69
Height; how tall is a tree experiment 1973:20
Height; how to measure height and circumference
of a tree experiment 1593:24-29
Height; how to measure height of tree compared
to rain forest trees experiment 1944:37
Height; measuring a trees height experiment
2044:6-7
Height; measuring height of tree, how to do
1916:51
Height; measuring trees crown experiment 2044:7
Insects in different kinds of trees, how to collect
experiment 1826:31
Insects; how to observe and collect insects from
tree branches 1723:23
Leaf shapes and classification, science principles,

Leaf shapes and patterns, Venn diagrams
1875:23-36
Leaves; how to collect and press leaves experiment
2044:19
Leaves; proving that tree leaves are waterproof
Life in a tree, how to observe experiment
1973:24-25
Oak; germinate an acorn experiment 2044:32-33
Osmosis; trees pump water; how osmosis works
Patterns made by grain and knots show up with
crayon rubbings, how to do 1644:6
Pine tree age, how to determine without counting
rings experiment 1751:119
Pine trees; can limestone be used to protect pine
trees from acid rain experiment 1539:100-101
Plant a tree from tree seeds in flower pots experiment 1546:56
Plant a tree, from seed or young plant, how to do
1721:13
Pollution; investigate air pollution on tree and bush
Rings from tree slice give clues to past climate
conditions experiment 1861:83
Rings of trees tell life of tree project and exhibit
1729:123-126
Rings; what do rings in a tree show experiment
1904:105-107
Role of buttresses in survival of large rain forest
tree demonstration 1602:71-72
Root hairs on germinating seeds demonstrate tree
root hairs experiment 1593:75-77
Rotting tree trunk experiment, what can be found
there 1751:88
Sap oozes when tree stem is snapped experiment
1546:36
Shade trees; how can shade trees keep things cool
Solar panels machine, how to measure energy from
tree experiment 1864:174-175
Sprout your own tree experiment 1831:78-79
Stumps; what can a tree stump tell you experiment
1751:92
1975:85-86
Transpiration; collect water vapor from tree leaves
to demonstrate transpiration experiment
2044:22
237
Transpiration; trees breathe out water; demonstrate

with twigs, leaves, oil, water and colored
Wind protection for your home with and without
trees experiment 1540:76-77
Wood; how much wood will a tree yield experiment 1550:54-55
TRIBOLUMINESCENCE. See also STATIC
ELECTRICITY
Piezoelectric rocks produce sparks called triboluminescence experiment 2053:18-19
TROPICAL FISH
Aggressive behavior of Siamese fighting fish
Observe how and why fish school experiment
1552:79-82
TROPISMS. See also CHEMOTROPISM;
GEOTROPISM; GRAVITROPISM;
HELIOTROPISM; HYDROTROPISM;
PHOTOTROPISM; PLANTSTROPISMS;
THIGMOTROPISM
TROTULA OF SALERNO
Clean handsdirty hands experiment 1869:55-59
TSUNAMIS
Demonstrate Tsunami wave with 2 blocks of
wood in water 1660:16-17
Tsunami tub game demonstration of tsunami wave
2029:28-29
TUBERS. See PLANTS; ROOTS
TUNA
TUNDRA BIOMES
How skin covering protects animals from the cold
TUNDRA ECOLOGY
Diorama of tundra; animals, birds, plants, how to
do 1808:36
How insulated clothing works in harsh climate of

tundra experiment 1550:39-40
Things to do to conserve and preserve the Arctic
tundra 1798:58-60
Things to look for in the Arctic tundra 1798:45-46
Tundra decomposition problems in cold weather
Why tundra plants are dark in color experiment
1798:26-27
TURBINES. See also STEAM TURBINES;
WATER WHEELS
Turbine experiment, make from aluminum pie
plate, dowel and thread spool 2043:47
build 1532:16-17
TURBULENCE
1579:89-92
TURTLES
Loafing platform for turtles and other animals,
how to make from cedar logs 1916:17
TWIGS. See also TREES
Budding twig blossoms in middle of winter experiment 1695:6-7
Measuring twig growth experiment 1593:86-88
Removal of terminal bud effect on twigs growth
Removing leaves effect on twigs ability to transpire
Twigs and buds from different trees experiment
1593:82-85
TWINING. See PLANTSVINES; VINES
TYNDALL EFFECT. See also COLLOIDS; SKY
Sugar, salt and water; solutions and the Tyndall
effect experiment 1981:12-13
TYNDALL, JOHN
Methods of sterilization experiment; comparing
238
&
UFO. See also FLYING SAUCERS
ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT
Bean plants affected by ultraviolet light from
ozone depletion experiment 1569:96-101
Short term exposure to ultraviolet light from
ozone depletion affects euglena experiment
1569:86-90
ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
How effective are various items in protecting
against ultraviolet radiation experiment
1539:118-120
ULTRAVIOLET RAYS
How well different strengths of sunscreens work
UNDERGROUND HOMES. See HOUSES
UNDERWATER ANIMALS
Trap underwater animals with lighted lure experiment, funnel, flashlight, glass jar, plastic pipe
and string 1546:17
UNDERWATER EXPLORATION
Water flowing from holes in milk carton demonstrates pressure on body in ocean experiment
1553:14
What happens to light as you go deeper and deeper
into the ocean experiment using flashlight
and green plastic 1553:15-19
UNDERWATER VIEWER
Coffee can viewer, how to make 1930:32-33
U
How to make from plastic pipe and clear contact
paper experiment 2016:7
Pond underwater viewer; how to make 1811:23
Underwater viewer, plastic pipe, contact paper,
how to make 2052:7
View underwater with large coffee can with plastic
wrap on one end experiment 1581:18-19
UNIVERSE
Model of universe, how to make 2015:30-31
URANUS. See also PLANETS
URBAN CITIESWEATHER
City streets Urban Canyon wind funnel experiment 1528:64
City winds experiment 1528:62
Hot city nights experiment 1528:62
Humidity in the city experiment 1528:62
Wind patterns in the city experiment 1528:62
URBAN ECOLOGY
Adopt a vacant lot and plant plants to cover junk
and rubble experiment 1723:41
Air pollution on tree and bush leaves experiment
1721:23
Plant a tree, from seed or young plant, how to do
1721:13
Study and observe plant and animal life in urban
lot experiment 1723:39
Water filter; make filter to clean muddy water
experiment 1721:35
239
&
VACUUM
Container collapses from outside air pressure
experiment 1758:72
1586:49-53
VACUUM CLEANERS
1570:90-91
VALLEYS AND HILLS
Faults made from clay demonstrate how a rift
valley is formed experiment 1738:19
VALVES
Operations of different pumps and compare effectiveness of each pump experiment 1840:131-136
Simple one-way balloon valve lets air stay in balloon
as you blow or pump 1532:37
VAN GUERICKE, OTTO. See GUERICKE, OTTO
VON
VAPOR. See also WATERVAPOR
VAPORIZATION. See SOLAR STILL
VEGETABLES. See also GARDENING; Individual
Names of Vegetables, Plants
Beet plant from beets in water, how to grow
1651:75
Carrot top; how to start a carrot plant experiment
1538:unp
Classify fruits and vegetables experiment 1628:34-36
Cooking; what happens when you cook broccoli in
an acid or base experiment 1568:118-119
Crispness; what keeps lettuce crisp and what makes
it wilt experiment 1568:17
Do vegetables grow when you pick them experiment 1568:95
Dried beans; how does soaking affect dried beans
experiment 1568:23
1875:61-69
Fruits; why do some fruits and vegetables wilt
when cooked experiment 1804:58-59
Ginger root plant, how to grow 1651:78-79
V
Grow pots of vegetables from seeds experiment
1546:39
Grow sprouts from onions, potatoes and carrots
experiment 1540:55
Hot water; what happens to spinach when placed
in hot water experiment 1672:72-73
Leaves; do all vegetable leaves have the same
pattern experiment 1651:132-133
1672:78-79
Onion in glass of water grows roots and leaves
experiment 1546:36
Onion plants in jar of water, how to grow
1651:84-85
Onions; why do onions make you cry experiment
1804:60-62
1875:48-69
Pigments; carotene, lycopene, chlorophyll pigments in carrots, tomatoes and autumn tree
Potatoes; grow potatoes in soil or jar of water,
how to do 1651:94-95
Vegetable tops grow experiment, turnips, radishes,
carrots, parsnips 1546:32
Vegetable tops grow in dish garden experiment
1555:104
Vegetables contain water experiment 1680:30
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION. See PLANTS
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
VELCRO
Test Velcro experiment 1771:87-88
VELOCITY. See also SPEED
1839:239-244
Terminal velocity experiment 1609:81-83
Feet toy 1839:203-206
VENUS. See also PLANETS
When can you see Venus experiment 1905:34-35
240
VENUS FLYTRAP
Grow pitcher plants and Venus flytrap plants
How to grow a Venus flytrap in a jar experiment
1555:88
How to grow Venus flytrap plants experiment
1881:unp
Venus flytrap bulb plant, how to plant and care for
1645:83
Venus flytrap, how to grow 1862:16-17
VERMICOMPOSTING
Vermicomposting project using earthworms
1660:119-124
VERSORIUM
Build Gilberts versorium to test for staticproducing materials experiment 1845:42
VIBRATIONS
1579:76-80
1579:72-75
Why all buildings are not equal in an earthquake
VIEWERS
3-D viewer to view maps in 3-D, how to do
1634:32-33
Slide viewer, make from small box and black
paint 2022:58
VINEGAR. See also ACIDS
VISCOSITY. See also LIQUIDS
Egg timer from jars and light corn syrup demonstrates viscosity experiment 1659:43-45
Honey; how does honey flow experiment to understand viscosity 1568:133-135
1840:229-233
Liquids dont flow at the same rate experiment
1753:51
Temperature of liquid affects its viscosity experiment 1851:97
Viscosity of other liquids compared to water
experiment 1851:97
Viscosity test for water, cooking oil and alcohol
VISION. See also EYE; OPTICAL ILLUSIONS;
PERCEPTION; SENSESSIGHT
Two-way mirror lets you see your face with your
partners features experiment 1576:50-53
Afterimages experiments with one or both eyes and

colored filters 1612:117-118
Afterimages: bird in the cage experiment; stare at
color and see it change 1576:17-20
Afterimages: flash of light prints lingering image
on your eye experiment 1576:3-7
Animation; how does animation work experiment;
make zoetrope 1562:24-27
Blind spot experiment with marks on poster board,
how to do 1546:89
Blind spot in eye experiment 1576:21-24
Blind spot in our eyes experiment 1701:47
Blind spot in your eyes; test to find it experiment
1604:10
Blind spot test by focusing on an object experiment
1546:92
Blur; seeing a blur when rod and cone cells are
recovering experiment 1725:149
Bronx cheer bulb experiment; light appears to
wiggle and flash when you give it the Bronx
Cheer 1576:25-28
Color fading; cone cells which let you see colors do
not work in faint light experiment 1725:142
Color shades; without a boundary, its hard to
distinguish different shades of gray experiment 1576:61-65
Color; what happens if you stare at one color for
a long time experiment 1753:59
Depth perception comes when using two eyes;
thread the needles experiment 1576:101-103
Distance; judging distance with one or both eyes
experiment 1725:145
Dragging a circle experiment 1991:48-49
Eyes play a role in our sense of balance experiment
1571:92-93
Eyes; ability of eyes pupil to change size experiment 1860:85-91
Eyes; correcting nearsighted and farsighted vision
with concave or convex lens experiment
1966:37
Eyes; how we see experiment 1966:35
Eyes; model of your eye to demonstrate how iris
works experiment 1707:96-97
Face seen upside down experiment 1576:104-106
Hole in your hand experiment 1991:43-44
Hole that blind spot causes in vision experiment
1725:148
Jacques Cousteau in seashells illusion, experiment
1576:66-70
Lateral inhibition experiment using cardboard
tubes and light 1576:29-34
241
Letter that disappears experiment 1991:38-39

Lost coin that reappears in water experiment
1991:40-42
Motion detectors in eyes are fatigued when watching
rotating spiral 1576:43-46
Mysterious dye experiment 1991:45-46
Object without a sharp edge can fade from your
view experiment 1576:54-56
Palm of your hand appears to squirm and twist
Peculiar sensations are felt when brain expects to
see one thing and sees another experiment
1576:71-73
Peripheral vision experiment 1576:80-84
Peripheral vision test experiment 1604:11
Persistence of vision experiment 1576:85-87
Persistence of vision; cartoon strip inside cardboard cylinder to demonstrate 1820:14-15
Pupil of eye changes size to control amount of
light entering eye experiment 1576:88-91
Pupil reflex, eye adjusts pupil size to let in right
amount of light experiment 1725:141
Retina; seeing your own retina experiment
1725:149
Retina; your retaining retina experiment 1991:34-37
Retinal rods and cones experiment; make a vision
meter 1725:142-143
Three-dimensional images experiment; make
glasses with colored filters 1725:144
Trick brain into thinking two similar objects of
different sizes are the same size 1576:92-96
What happens when your eyes receive different
images experiment 1576:25-28
Writing without seeing experiment to show eyes
and coordination 1725:147
Your experience of the world influences what you
see; lighted-box corners experiment
1576:57-60
VITAMIN C. See also VITAMINS
How much vitamin C does orange juice contain
How much vitamin C in different fruits and green
pepper experiment 1864:90-91
How much vitamin C is in common beverages
How much vitamin C is in different fruit juices
experiment 1876:134
Test food for vitamin C experiment; make liquid
vitamin C indicator 1563:6
Vitamin C and lemon juice keep fruit from turning dark experiment 1856:96-97
Vitamin C prevents browning of fruit experiment

1849:39-42
VITAMINS. See also VITAMIN C
How effective is beta carotene in fighting cancer
in plants experiment 1539:58-63
Is raw food more nutritious than cooked food
VIVARIUMS
Keeping frogs in a vivarium, how to do 1736:28-31
VOICE. See also LARYNX
VOLCANOES
experiment 1528:159
Baking soda and vinegar erupt in sand volcano
Baking soda and vinegar erupting volcano experiment 1785:63-64
Baking soda eruption in sand covered bottle
Blow-your-top volcano experiment 1640:123
Cardboard volcano, how to build 2029:93-94
Chemical energy in kitchen cup volcano using detergent, baking soda and vinegar 1884:25-27
Density effect on movement of magma experiment
2054:90-91
Erupting play dough volcano, how to make
1931:152
Erupting soil volcano experiment, how to make
2022:99
Erupting steam cone volcano experiment
1660:21-22
Erupting volcano experiment 1639:70
Erupting volcano experiment 1952:64
Erupting volcano experiment with food coloring,
baking soda and vinegar 1907:26-27
Erupting volcano experiment with vinegar and
baking soda 1970:38
Erupting volcano experiment, how to make 1704:27
Erupting volcano from red food coloring, baking soda
and vinegar experiment 1904:131-135
Erupting volcano model experiment 1933:26-27
Erupting volcano, how to make 2014:188
Flow rate of lava is different when it contains
particles of solid experiment 1851:97
Hawaiian eruption volcano, how to make 1670:77
Intrusive volcanism changes shape of the Earths
crust experiment 1851:94-95
Lava flow volcano experiment 1864:70
Lava; viscosity of lava affects its flow rate experiment 1851:96-97
Make your own from papier mache cone, baking
soda and red food coloring 1866:11
242
VOLTA, COUNT ALESSANDRO

Electricity transforms metals in a liquid experiment;
turn nickel green 1770:48-49
Repeat how Volta built his battery and test with
galvanoscope experiment 1605:46-48
When was the first battery made experiment
1905:110-114
VOLTMETER
What does a voltmeter measure experiment
1915:100-101
VOLUME. See also MEASUREMENTS
Displacement of water used to measure volume
of your thumb experiment 1838:11
Objects; measuring the volumes of irregular
People; measuring the volumes and surface areas
of people experiment 1982:121
Water used to measure the volume of common
Water; measuring volume of water in different
size bottles experiment 1668:36-38
VOLVOX. See EUGLENA
VON GUERICKE, OTTO. See GUERICKE, OTTO
VON
Repeat Von Guerickes experiment with strength
of vacuum 1658:25-26
VULCANIZATION
Pelean eruption volcano, how to make 1670:79

Plaster of Paris volcano model, how to make
1670:28
Rock; can solid rock melt experiment 1859:56-59
Shooting papier mache volcano experiment
1864:68-69
Soda and vinegar exploding volcano experiment
1599:32-33
Spewing volcano experiment, how to build
2029:89-92
Steam cone erupting volcano; make from cardboard,
hydrogen peroxide and yeast 1953:148
Strombolian erupting volcano, how to make
1670:76
Temperature affect on movement of magma
1528:161
Tiltmeter demonstration shows how tiltmeter
works 1952:80
Undersea erupting volcano experiment, how to
make 1601:41-42
Underwater volcano experiment 1933:25
Vinegar volcano, how to make 1917:54-55
Vulcanian eruption volcano, how to make 1670:78
What causes volcanoes to erupt experiment
1904:131-135
Why do volcanoes erupt experiment, make an
erupting volcano model 1831:132-133
243
&
WALKIE TALKIE. See also TELEPHONES

WALKING
Determining your walking speed experiment
1609:39-40
WALKING STICKS. See INSECTSSTICK
INSECTS
WALLACE, NANCY D.
Time-motion studies experiment 1869:40-45
WALNUTS
WARTHOGS
Smelling test to demonstrate warthogs sense of
smell experiment 2008:22
WASHING MACHINES
Spinning the water out of a washing machine
experiment 1532:81
WASTE. See also GARBAGE; ORGANIC
WASTE
WASTE TREATMENT. See also RECYCLING;
SEWAGE TREATMENT
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Filters effect of lobster shell in filtering wastewater
metallic ions compared to charcoal experiment 1539:68-70
WATER. See also FLUIDS; ICE; RAIN; SIPHONS
Air; can water hold air, science principles, activities,
Air; when does water get into the air experiment
1905:71-72
Body; how much of your body is water experiment
1886:8-9
Boiling point of water; boil water in a paper cup
Chemical we call water, science principles, activities, data sheets 1875:113-115
Climate; effect of water on climate experiment
1850:155-165
Crystals; compare regular water and sea water for
crystal formation experiment 1833:79
Diffusing water experiment 1710:11
Easy experiments with water 2036:3-32
Heat; air and water differ in their ability to store
heat experiment 1677:31-33
Heat; compare heat capacities of sand and water

experiment 1528:70
Heat; how can water be used to store heat energy
Heat; which warms faster, water or soil experiment
1861:20-23
Microwave oven; what happens to water and
ice in a microwave oven experiment
1637:29
Molecule model of water, how to make from clay
and toothpicks 1548:27-28
Molecules in water are held together and attracted
to other water molecules experiment
1878:40-41
Molecules of food coloring spread faster through
warm water experiment 1548:30-32
Molecules; can molecules of water jump,
science principles, activities, data sheets
1875:100-103
Molecules; polar and non-polar molecules in
properties of water and oil experiment
1677:12-14
Molecules; spaces between water molecules
Molecules; water and oil do not mix because their
molecules are not attracted to each other
Oceans; why large bodies of water have a blue
color experiment 1677:45-46
Oobleck experiment, how to make with water and
cornstarch 1729:264
Osmosis; cells need water to survive experiment;
sugar in raisins sucks in water 1546:12
Osmosis; water moves to cells containing sugar
experiment 1546:12
Osmosis; what happens when grapes are placed
in water and sugar water experiment
1672:66-68
Primary science activities with water
1931:106-109
Rotating water has curved surface called parabola
Soils; water travels through different soils at different rates experiment 1603:23-24
Soils; what kind of soil hold the most water experiment 1566:21-23
244
States of water, solid, liquid or gas experiments

1548:9-16
Static electricity; how does water behave with
1975:159-160
Vibrations; glass chimes experiment 1971:21
Weather experiments with rain, hail, sleet and snow
1953:231-244
What is water experiment 1904:75-78
WATER ANIMALS
Presence of heavy metals in coastal body of water
and their effect on aquatic life experiment
1539:109-112
Trap underwater animals with lighted lure experiment, funnel, flashlight, glass jar, plastic
pipe and string 1546:17
WATER CLOCKS. See also CLOCKS
Make from plastic bottle, dowel and spool
1896:10-11
WATER CONSERVATION
Dripping water experiment; how much water does
single dripping faucet lose 1965:122-123
How much water is going down the drain while
you shower experiment 1668:39
Leaky faucet wastes water and money experiment
1987:75-76
Reduce amount of water to flush toilet experiment
1987:76
Test water amount used for brushing teeth, leaky
toilets and dripping faucets experiment
1791:50-51
Water survey chart lists all things that use water in
your home and how often projects 1691:16-17
Which requires more water; shower or bath experiment 1987:74-75
WATER CYCLE. See also RAIN
Demonstrate movement of water between the Earth
and the air experiment 1850:172-174
Demonstrate the water cycle experiment
1848:63-65
How does the water cycle work experiment
1751:30
How water is recycled experiment 1832:25-27
Miniature water cycle, how to make 1987:41-42
Model aquifer experiment using aquarium, clay,
sand and food coloring 1594:23-25
Model of water cycle experiment 1613:71-72
Model the hydrologic cycle of water cycle experiment 2050:155-159
Molecular properties of water, science principles,

Plants; how much water does plant lose to the atmosphere in a day experiment 1826:14-15
Rain; what makes rain experiment 1842:115-117
Temperature and surface area affect on evaporation of water experiment 1894:17-18
Water cycle and its steps project 1729:269-272
Water cycle experiment to show evaporation,
condensation and precipitation 1957:6-11
Water cycle in bowl demonstrates how water comes
from salty ocean 1592:28-29
WATER DROP MAGNIFIER. See also
MAGNIFIERS
WATER DROPS
Drop of water magnifies an image experiment
1901:99-102
How big is a drop experiment 1982:116
Light rays are affected by drops of water experiment 1901:87-89
Make a lens from a drop of water experiment
1844:106
Optics of a water drop experiment 2027:10-11
Water drop magnifier; how can single drop of
water magnify experiment 1753:97
Water drop makes things larger experiment
1842:68-69
What happens when water drop comes in contact
with hot metal surface experiment
1677:28-30
What is the shape of a drop of water experiment
1844:8-9
Why does water form drops experiment 1753:104
WATER FLEAS. See MICROSCOPE; DAPHNIA
WATER FOUNTAINS
Effect of air pressure demonstrated by water
fountain experiment 1840:123-130
WATER LENS
1578:119-122
WATER MAGNIFIER
Make a water scope from a large tin can
1655:44
When can water magnify experiment 1905:11-12
WATER OF HYDRATION. See also CRYSTALS
WATER POLLUTION. See WATER
POLLUTION
WATER POWER. See also TURBINES;
WATERWHEELS
WATER PRESSURE. See WATERPRESSURE
245
WATER PUMPS
Hand-powered water pump experiment, how to
make, plastic tubing, plastic beakers, balloon
1532:38-39
WATER PURIFICATION. See also WATER
PURIFICATION
WATER SCOPE
How to make water scope from plastic container
and plastic wrap 1967:50
Make a water scope from a large tin can 1655:44
Make from plastic container and plastic wrap
1970:10
WATER SOFTENERS. See also WATER
SOFTENERS
WATER SUPPLYHOUSES
Water system brings water from water tower or
reservoir to faucet in your home experiment,
build working model of this system
1532:56-57
WATER TABLE
1535:68-70
Model water table and aquifer using soil and
aquarium 1610:27-29
WATER TREATMENT PLANTS
Clean water machine experiment with clay pot,
paper filters and dirt 1970:151
Make a water treatment plant from pans, sand,
rocks and tubing 1842:208-209
WATER TURBINES
build 1532:16-17
WATER VAPOR. See WATERVAPOR
WATER VIEWER
Under water viewer, milk carton, plastic wrap,
how to make 2046:34
WATER WHEELS
How does water wheel work experiment
1753:39
Simple water wheel experiment 1907:34-35
Simple water wheel from yogurt cup, how to
make 1759:26
Water wheel experiment, make from styrofoam ball,
plastic spoons, wire and straws 1890:52-53
Water wheel lifts small weight experiment
1711:35
Water wheel model, make from cardboard, dowels
and plastic pieces 1896:12-13
Working plastic wheel model 2054:111
WATERABSORPTION
Fibers of tissue absorb water experiment 1948:23
1879:32-34
Which material will soak up the most liquid experiment 1667:30-31
Which types of paper absorb water the best experiment 1840:75-82
WATERADHESION
Adhesion and cohesion demonstrated with water
flowing down string experiment 2001:94-95
Adhesive and cohesive properties of water on different kinds of paper project 1729:251-252
WATERAQUIFER. See also AQUIFERS
WATERBOILING POINT
Paper cup with water in it doesnt burn experiment
1820:11
WATERBUOYANCY. See also ARCHIMEDES;
BUOYANCY; FLOATING AND SINKING;
WATERFLOATING AND SINKING
Buoyancy; does carrot sink or float in fresh or
WATERCAPILLARY ACTION
Absorbent paper experiment, dip and dye paper
in food coloring experiment 2001:98-99
Capillary attraction experiment with narrow glass
tubes 1682:13
Celery stalks in colored water experiment 1971:55
Tinted celery in glasses of colored water experiment 1972:55
Water climbs up ball point pen tube experiment
1637:28
Water climbs up narrow tubes experiment
2001:96-97
WATERCLOCKS. See WATER CLOCKS
WATERCOLLECTION
Collecting dew, how to do 1664:70
Digging for water, how to do 1664:70
Solar still used to extract water from soil, how to
do 1664:71
Water from a vine, how to do 1664:73
Water from cactus, how to do 1664:73
Water from ice and snow, how to do 1664:73
Water from tree roots, how to do 1664:73
Water from vegetation, how to do 1664:71
WATERCOMPRESSED
Compare differences between compressing air
WATERCONDENSATION
Experiments with condensation of water 1833:42-44
246
Get water out of the air experiment 1842:58

WATERCONVECTION
Convection currents in water create turbulence
effects that bend light experiment
1577:21-24
Temperature and water convection experiment
1540:82-83
Warm water rises experiment 1972:40
WATERDENSITY
Compare density of object with density of water
to determine specific gravity experiment
1902:23-25
Density of water increases as it gets colder experiment 1977:58-59
Egg floats between two layers of water experiment
1971:20
Egg floats in saltwater and sinks in freshwater
experiment 1680:30
Egg in saltwater floats experiment 1842:72
How a hydrometer works to measure density of
liquids experiment 1842:73-74
How waters of different densities stay separated
Layers; how can one kind of water float on another
experiment 1751:62
Magic trick egg sinks or floats experiment
1719:26-27
Salt; what happens to water when you add salt
experiment 1844:3-4
Why is it easier to float in the ocean than in a
swimming pool experiment 1751:37
WATERDESALINIZATION. See also
DESALINIZATION
Freshwater made from saltwater experiment
1657:44-46
WATERDISPERSION
Food coloring and water in glass of water experiment 1971:16
WATERDISPLACEMENT
Bathyscaph; how can the depth of a Bathyscaph
be controlled experiment 1844:12
Boats; size and shape of boat, salt or freshwater
determines boats ability to float and carry
Brick; how much space does a brick take up
experiment using water displacement to
measure 1556:25
Clay will sink or float depending on its shape

Displacement of water used to measure volume
of your thumb experiment 1838:11
Investigate displacement of water experiment
1758:12
Magic trick with plastic bottle, red and yellow
Objects; measure the volume of common objects
using water experiment 1771:3-8
Placing finger in a cup of water makes the cup
heavier experiment 1879:66-67
Ships; modeling clay in water demonstrates why
ships float experiment 1707:17
Ships; why does a heavy iron ship float experiment 1659:36-39
WATERDISTILLATION. See also DISTILLATION; SOLAR STILL
Extract or distill water from different mixtures
experiment 1758:18
Make freshwater out of saltwater experiment
1886:19-22
Remove salt from saltwater experiment 1603:30-31
Sunlight distills water experiment 1905:122-124
Water condensation from soil experiment; why
armadillos can find water deep in the ground
1805:18
WATERDRINKING. See also FILTERS;
WATERFILTERS AND FILTERING;
WATER TREATMENT PLANTS
Bacteria; survey of bacteria from different water
Compare pond water, filtered water and tap water
to see how many microscopic plants they
contain experiment 1546:16
Pollutants concentration in parts per million of
treated water project 1729:295-296
Tap water; dilution experiment for actual concentration of substances in water 1729:295-296
Two kinds of water; salt and fresh; how much of
each in the world project 1729:292-294
Water contains dissolved chemicals and tiny
organisms experiment 1546:16
WATERELECTROLYSIS. See also ELECTROLYSIS; HYDROGEN; OXYGEN
Electrolysis experiment, electric current sent through
body of water (Advanced) 1665:32-34
247
WATEREROSION. See also EROSION

Effect of water erosion in river valleys experiment 1550:66
WATEREUTROPHICATION. See
EUTROPHICATION
WATEREVAPORATION. See also EVAPORATION
Comparing evaporation indoors and out experiment 1540:24-35
1679:10-11
Effect of evaporation on rate at which water cools
experiment 1693:34
Evaporation experiment to show that mulches
keep moisture in soil by slowing down
evaporation 1760:45
Evaporation of plain water versus saltwater
Evaporation of water can be used for cooling
1534:62-66
How does water disappear experiment 1842:55
How to get salt out of sea water easy experiments
with evaporation 1857:24-27
Observe puddle of oil and puddle of water in hot
sun experiment 1833:28
Observe puddle of saltwater and puddle of regular
water in hot Sun experiment 1833:28
Rate of evaporation of water in direct sunshine and
shade experiment 1528:35
Solar energy required to evaporate water experiment 1787:12-17
Surface area determines rate of evaporation experiment 1540:47
Temperature and surface area affect on evaporation of water experiment 1894:17-18
1672:16-18
Which puddle of water disappears faster experiment 1833:27
Why water in some puddles evaporates faster than
others experiment 1867:11
WATEREXPANSION
Heat; water expands when its heated experiment
1770:37
248
WATERFILTERS AND FILTERING

Filter make dirty water clean, make from sand,
pebbles, gravel and cotton 1803:28-29
Filter pond water through flowerpot of charcoal,
sand and gravel experiment 1826:13
Filter dirty water experiment, metal strainer, coffee
filter 1598:26
Filtering muddy water experiment 1820:54
Ghee (India Butter) demonstrates filtering experiment 1680:20-21
1610:29-31
Sand filter cleans dirty water experiment 1693:41
Simple water filtration system experiment
1660:72-74
Soil used to clean water experiment 2025:30-31
Water filter to clean dirty water experiment, how
to make 1691:18
Water filter to strain muddy water experiment, how
to do 1867:15
Water filter; make filter to clean muddy water
experiment 1721:35
WATERFLOATING AND SINKING. See also
WATERBUOYANCY
WATERFREEZING. See also FREEZING;
ICE; WATERICE
Apricot yogurt ice demonstrates water changing from
liquid to a solid experiment 1680:11-13
Expanding frozen water experiment 1739:10
Expansion of ice below 39 degrees experiment
1758:21
Freezing rate of pure and not pure water experiment 1865:65-67
Frozen building collapses when ice melts magic
How cold can water get experiment 2048:18-21
Ice cubes; melting ice cubes in shade and Sun
Ice cubes; temperature of melting ice cubes
experiments 1833:142
Ice occupies more space than water experiment
1751:108
1528:157
Icicles; how do icicles form experiment
1861:56-59
WATERLEVEL
Magic trick water seeks its own level 1719:22-23
Water seeks its own level experiment 1753:111
WATERPOLLUTION. See also PHOSPHATES;
POLLUTIONWATER
Bacteria; survey of bacteria from different water
Biotic Index of Water Quality organisms (macro
invertebrates) used to determine water quality
project 1729:277-280
Birds; detergent pollution effect on buoyancy of
freshwater birds project 1864:46
Clean up bucket of water filled with dirt, twigs,
plastic bag, oil and food coloring experiment
1805:81
Discovering invisible pollution in water experiment 1540:62
Drinking water; how does pollution influence
drinking water experiment 1535:71-73
Freshwater animals; test water for them in water
sample experiment 1927:43
Make polluted water experiment with detergent
and oil 1970:150
Ocean; pollutants in the ocean come from land
runoff experiment 1853:133-135
Percolation of water in soils, science principles,
Plankton; pH of water change affects various
kinds of plankton in aquatic environment
Plants; effect of motor oil, detergent, vinegar on
plant growth experiment 1601:83-84
Ponds; jars of pond water and algae with detergent,
motor oil and vinegar experiment
1603:112-113
Rivers; how clean is your river experiment; determine
what animals are in the water 1721:16-17
1569:43-48
Substances added to water affect pollution experiment 1848:136-137
Toxic marine paints on boats and ships reduce
algae growth experiment 1965:76-78
Ways water is polluted and steps to clean it up
project 1729:289-291
Wetlands; how wetlands filter water experiment
1707:43
WATERPRESSURE. See also CARTESIAN
DIVER; PASCALS LAW
Carry glass of water upside down experiment
1637:28-29
Large boulders or rocks are broken down into tiny

pebbles by freezing water experiment 1603:32
Saltwater freezes more slowly than freshwater
experiment 1680:30
glaciers meets experiment 1528:157
Split a stone with freezing water project 1864:26
Temperatures expansion/contraction effect on
freezing water experiment 2045:74
Water expands as it freezes; make an ice balloon
experiment 1687:30
What can happen when water freezes experiment
2048:13-17
What happens when water changes to a solid
Which freezes first; salt or plain water experiment
1640:21
WATERFREEZING POINT
Freezing points of several liquids experiment
1758:16
Lowering the freezing point of water experiment
1758:20
Salt effect on freezing point of water experiment
1693:13
When can you lower the freezing point of water
WATERHARD AND SOFT. See also WATER
SOFTENERS
How can you determine if water is hard or soft
Test for hardness of water experiment 1849:46-49
Test the hardness of several water samples experiment 1693:19
Test water from various sources for hard or soft
WATERICE. See also WATERFREEZING
Solid ice absorbs more heat than liquid saltwater
WATERINSECTS. See also INSECTSWATER
How do bugs walk on water experiment using
cardboard model 1855:54-57
Scavenger beetles, how to keep and observe them
2021:54-57
Water scope to observe water insects, how to make
2004:9
Water striders, how to keep and observe them
2021:58-60
WATERLAMINAR FLOW
Laminar flow experiment with plastic bottle, soap
and food coloring 1699:112-113
249
Cartesian diver experiment, make from soda bottle,

eyedropper and water 1890:54-55
Cartesian diver; eye dropper diver sinks and floats
in bottle of water experiment 1729:267-268
Compare pressure of water at different depths
Demonstrations of air and water pressure using
soda bottles experiment 1550:31
Density of water determines water pressure experiment 1851:85
Depth affects pressure of water experiment
1851:84-85
How water creates pressure experiment 1957:26-31
Lift book with water pressure experiment
1748:24-25
Measuring the pressure in a water balloon experiment 1606:68-70
Model measures water pressure at different depths
Pressure of water at different depths compared
Pressure of water increases with depth experiment
2022:29
Repeat Martine de Beausoleils experiment how
water moves under pressure 1869:16-21
See water pressure experiment in a can with holes
1842:62
Shoot water without a squirt gun experiment
1667:65-57
Water cant get into jar unless air gets out experiment 1546:6-7
Water flowing from holes in milk carton demonstrates pressure on body in ocean experiment
1553:14
Water pressure and depth experiment with milk
carton 1729:265-266
Water pressure at different depths experiment
1758:73
Water pressure demonstrated with holes in can of
Water rocket experiment, make from plastic bottle,
cork and bicycle pump 1890:49-51
Water spouts from milk carton experiment
1972:51
WATERPURIFICATION. See also DISTILLATION; FILTERS; FILTERS AND
FILTRATION; WATERFILTERS AND
FILTERING
1610:29-31
1637:33
Water purification of saltwater experiment

1540:59
WATERSALTWATER. See also SALTWATER
WATERSOFTENERS. See also WATER
HARD AND SOFT
Soft water; how to make soft water experiment
1743:78-80
WATERSOLUTIONS
Butterscotch sauce demonstrates making a solution experiment 1680:18-19
Solutions and suspensions project 1729:263-264
Water as a solvent; can you un-pepper the salt
WATERSURFACE TENSION. See also SURFACE
TENSION
Boat; use paper boat to demonstrate 1740:58-59
Boat; zippy boat races experiment with drop of
detergent 2001:112
Bubble bath make water soapy and stretchy experiments with bubbles 1857:18-21
Can you see surface tension break experiment
1886:30-31
Change surface tension of water experiment
1753:105
Cohesion; does soap affect cohesion experiment
2037:254
Colored liquid soap on surface of water demonstrates 1596:26
Crazy colors on milk surface experiment 1838:26
Detergent and soap breaks water tension experiment 1639:81-82
Experiment to demonstrate surface tension
1953:111-120
Floating paper clip experiment 1902:3-6
Heaping water experiment 1607:18-19
How can surface tension be disturbed experiment
1842:64
How many drops of water can you fit on a penny
How many nails can you put into a full glass of
Magic trick shooting stars on water experiment
1719:24-25
Make water less sticky experiment 1607:19-20
Measure strength of a liquids skin experiment
1607:31-33
Measure surface tension of liquids experiment
1607:26-29
Mixing liquids experiment 1680:25-27
Needle floats on water until touched with drop of
dish washing liquid experiment 1680:30
250
Nine experiments on effects of surface tension

1840:169-175
Oil and soap bubbles solution on water surface
experiment 1607:26
Paper clip or needle floats on surface of water
experiment 1971:14
Pepper moves across water experiment
1607:21-24
Pin floats on water demonstration 1682:10
Plastic berry basket floats or sinks experiment
1886:27-28
Pulling power of surface tension stretching water
Reaction between oil and surface tension experiment 1902:7-10
Soap motorboat demonstrates surface tension
Soapy water drop on waxed paper experiment
1607:20
Spinning snowman model on water experiment
1838:27
Spinning snowman using moth balls, wood pieces
demonstrates 1596:27
Surface tension boat experiment with cardboard
boat and soap 1748:20-21
Surface tension demonstrated with string, toothpick and detergent 1659:18-20
Thread moves on water surface experiment
1607:24-25
Toothpicks react to sugar and detergent experiment
1933:20
Water drops on waxed paper experiment
1607:20
What is surface tension experiment
1904:119-120
Why water wets (spreads out on) or does not wet
a surface experiment 1677:15-17
WATERUSES
How much water do you use project and mural
exhibit 1729:287-288
Measure water you use everyday experiment
1867:24
Test water amount used for brushing teeth, leaky
toilets and dripping faucets experiment
1791:50-51
Water usage around world project; water available
on different continents 1729:281-282
Water usage per day in our homes project
1729:283-286
WATERVAPOR. See also HUMIDITY

Gases can dissolve in air experiment
1673:19-23
Heat makes liquid water evaporate and become
water vapor experiment 1678:21-23
Making water vapor visible experiment
1540:79
1680:8-10
Turning water vapor to liquid experiment 1739:12
When does water get into the air experiment
1905:71-72
WATERVIEWER
How to make from plastic pipe and clear contact
paper experiment 2016:7
WATERWEIGHT
Weight; how does water affect an objects weight
experiment 1753:110
WATERBEDS
What substance is most effective for preventing
breeding of bacteria in waterbeds experiment
1539:131-133
WATERCLOCKS. See WATER CLOCKS
WATERFALLS
Waterfall model demonstrates waterfall, plunge
pool and rapids, how to make 1635:20-21
WATERPROOFING
experiment 1550:161
WATERWHEELS
Flowing water energy from river experiment; make
waterwheel that works 1635:22-23
Make from juice carton, styrofoam containers and
bamboo skewer, how to make 1744:89-93
Paddle wheel like Newton tried experiment
1920:111-113
Plastic plate waterwheel demonstration 1972:52
Working waterwheel model experiment using
rain gutter, wood, dowel 1635:22-23
WAVES. See also OCEAN WAVES
Coastline; sand and water in tank demonstrate how
water wears away sand coastline experiment
2016:28
How are waves made experiment 1751:63
How water molecules behave in waves experiment
1601:52-53
How waves work and how energy moves from one
water molecule to the next 1957:32-37
Model the parts of a water wave experiment
2050:143-147
251
Motion of waves, how to demonstrate 1601:53-54

Primary science activities with waves
1931:110-113
Shoreline; what happens when waves constantly
hit the shore experiment 1601:54-56
Wave motion in bottle experiment 1740:32-33
Wave projector helps observe properties of waves
Waves in a bottle experiment, how to make
1886:33-35
WAXES
WEATHER. See also AIR; RAIN; SNOW; WINDS
Activities, experiments and data collection charts
1892:1-79
Air currents demonstrated with hot and cold water
and food coloring 1704:29
Air expands to greater volume when warmed
experiment 1528:27
Air mass; what can we learn from a convection
box about air mass movements experiment
1842:113-114
Air masses; compare relative temperature and
humidity of different air masses 1528:71
Air masses; do warm and cool air masses mix
experiment 1528:71
Air pressure measured with barometer experiment,
how to make aneroid barometer 1528:25
Air pressure; as air expands and contracts its density
changes experiment 1528:73
Air temperature drops when airborne particles
1528:161
Air; sinking and rising air experiment 1528:76
experiment 1528:159
Albedo effect; measure and compare albedo effect
of two surfaces experiment 1528:29
Albedo effect; percentage of Suns energy reflected
by surfaces is called its albedo experiment
1528:28
Ancient climate information; examine pollen grain
experiment 1528:155
Ancient climate information; on how core drilling
Barometer; how does a barometer predict the
weather experiment 1568:35-36
Breezes; sand and rice used to demonstrate land
and sea breezes experiment 1528:65
Cloud cover, how to observe and measure in oktas

1528:180
Clouds and condensation nuclei experiment
1528:45
Clouds; making clouds in glass jar experiment
1528:44
Cold front experiment, how to make 1528:78
Cold front; what is a cold front experiment
1842:118-120
cooling and warming experiment 1528:146
Convection cell circulating air experiment
1528:125
Convection cell; make a Hadley cell to demonstrate
convection cells experiment 1528:124
Convection; how air behaves in the atmosphere
when heated by convection experiment
1528:125
Convection; warming fluids to demonstrate convection experiment 1528:26
Cubical Earth; what would happen to climate,
weather patterns and life forms if Earth
were cubical experiment 1539:166-168
Dew evaporating from grass experiment
1528:52
Dew point; predicting the dew point experiment
1528:53
soil 1528:151
1528:134
1528:135
1528:134
Evaporation and condensation require large amounts
of latent heat experiment 1528:23
Evaporation; measuring rate of evaporation of water
in direct sunshine and shade experiment
1528:35
Experiments with weather 1953:200-216
Flat Earth weather experiment; model shows
how flat model Earth would heat and cool
1534:36-39
Front; making a front with water experiment
1528:77
Fronts; moving air masses, how to model experiment 2050:181-185
252
Fronts; what are fronts experiment 1861:36-39

Fronts; what are highs, lows and fronts experiment
1904:90-92
Germination; which climate conditions are best
for germination experiment 1528:139
Glaciers; solifluction; what happens to rocks and
stones as glacier meets experiment 1528:157
Heat loss; how effective insulation is to prevent
1528:35
Heat shimmer from rising hot air layer refracts
light passing through it experiment 1528:37
Heat; compare heat capacities of sand and water
experiment 1528:70
Hot city nights experiment 1528:62
Humidity in the city experiment 1528:62
Humidity tester shows changes in humidity
Humidity; hygrometer measures humidity in air
Hurricane is a vortex demonstration, with 2 bottles
and colored water 1528:87
Hurricane model with colored water experiment
1528:84
Hurricane; rising sea levels during a hurricane
1528:157
Jet streams experiment; moving jet streams
1528:128
Monsoon rain-bearing winds experiment; make
model 1528:148
Oasis model demonstrates how water collects and
seeds grow experiment 1528:145
Ocean currents; wind blown ocean currents experiment 1528:131
experiment 1528:27
Plants; how plants adapt to climates experiment
1528:138-139
Plates; movement of plates shifts continents and
creates new crust material experiment
1528:152
Predicting minimum high temperature, how to do
1528:182
Primary activities to explore rain, snow, clouds,

wind and temperature 2047:1-47
Primary science activities with weather
1931:114-117
Rainbow; making a rainbow experiment, water,
mirror, flashlight 1528:37
Raindrops; refracting and reflecting light experiment with raindrops 1528:36
Rossby waves experiment, how to demonstrate
1528:127
Sea levels rising due to pollution; effect on
low-lying islands and coasts experiment
1528:162
Solar heat; focusing heat from Sun experiment
1528:34
South-facing slopes warmer in the northern
hemisphere experiment 1739:9
Storm surge demonstration, dishpan, water, fan
1528:85
Storms; warm water effect on air movement
above it experiment 1853:152-154
experiment 1861:23
experiment 1528:140
Temperate climate plants damaged by frost experiment 1528:141
1975:119-130
Thunder and lightning weather; tracking the storm
experiment 1528:80
Tropical climate plants coping with too much
water, experiment 1528:142
Visibility; estimating visibility, how to do 1528:180
Weather calendar, how to make from poster board
and markers (Primary) 1557:24
Weather log, make from file folder and old magazine scenes 1744:123-125
Wettest; where is the wettest/driest place on Earth
Wind patterns in the city experiment 1528:62
1528:131
253
Wind; prediction of weather by wind direction

Wind; temperature and effect of wind on it
experiment, how to build anemometer
1894:10-11
Wind; where is the windiest place on Earth experiment 1906:79-82
WEATHER FORECASTING. See also WEATHER
INSTRUMENTS
How accurate is your weather forecaster projects
2013:20
Make a television forecast chart project
1739:29
Stevenson screen, ventilated box on legs, how to
make, wood, measurements given
1528:172-173
Test and record weather each day with instruments
you make 1739:28
Weather instruments used to measure, record and
predict the weather project 2013:13-19
WEATHER INSTRUMENTS. See also ANEMOMETER; BAROMETERS; WIND VANES
Create your own weather instruments, barometer,
thermometer, wind sock and rain gauge,
how to do 2013:6-12
WEATHER STATION
Building a weather station; how to make the different instruments 1953:245-260
Make your own weather station, barometer, thermometer, hygrometer, anemometer, weather
vane, rain gauge, shelter, how to make
1648:56-67
Operate a weather station experiment, sample
weather chart given 1842:105
Weather diary, how to keep 1528:177
WEATHER VANES. See also WIND VANES
Block of wood, spool and cardboard weather vane,
Cork tile, cardboard and plastic straw weather vane,
Flowerpot weather vane, how to make 1616:54-55
Flowerpot, straw, wire weather vane, how to make
1953:250
Make from wood board, nail, straw and cardboard
1648:64-65
Make simple one from cardboard, pencil and
plastic container 1662:22-23
Make weather vane to measure wind direction
experiment 1739:18
Make weather vane using plastic container, straws,
plywood and compass 2017:22-23
254
Paper plate and string weather vane, how to make

1861:35
WEATHERING. See EROSION
WEAVING
Loom from cardboard, how to make and weave
on it 1575:21-23
Simple weaving pattern on cardboard loom, how
to do 1575:25
WEBS. See also SPIDERSWEBS
WEDGES. See also INCLINED PLANE
WEEDS
1655:40-41
How much of dandelion root must you pull
out to keep it from growing again
1876:71-81
Location affects kinds of grasses and weeds that
Show how weeds help moisten soil experiment
1848:50-51
WEIGHING MACHINES
Microbalance scale so sensitive it can weigh
thread experiment 1532:82
1532:83
WEIGHT. See also MEASUREMENT
Does your weight change when you lie down
How does water affect an objects weight experiment 1753:110
Person can lie on bed of nails experiment, how to
demonstrate 1820:12-13
Spring scale measures force of gravitational pull
Which weighs more? Popped or un-popped corn
experiment 1938:8-9
WELLS
1535:68-70
1896:22-23
WET BULB. See HYGROMETER
WET CELL BATTERY. See also BATTERIES
WETLANDS
Backyard wetlands, how to build 1702:39-40
How wetlands filter water experiment 1707:43
Miniature wetlands ecosystem in plastic soda
Sphagnum moss can absorb 10 times its weight
in water experiment 1799:36-37
1975:165-168
Things to do to conserve and preserve wetlands
1799:67-71
Wetland project with products from wetlands
1799:55
WETTING AGENTS. See DETERGENTS; SOAP;
SURFACTANTS
WHALES
Blubber from whales is insulating substance
experiment 1601:30
Blubber under whale skin keeps the animal warm
1975:77-80
WHEAT. See also FLOUR
Flat bread, rotis, recipe 1536:25
How yeast works to make bread rise experiment
1536:10-11
WHEEL AND AXLE. See also SIMPLE
MACHINESWHEELS AND AXLES
WHEELS. See also SIMPLE MACHINES
WHEELS; WATERWHEELS; WINDMILLS
Circling wagons on the move experiment
1990:98-102
Primary science activities with wheels
1931:118-121
Two objects with same shape and mass may
WHIRLIGIGS INSECTS
How to keep and observe whirligigs 2021:50-53
WHIRLPOOLS
Model whirlpool, how to make 1886:36-38
WHISTLES
Willow whistle, how to make 1572:34-36
WHOOPING CRANES
Flight of wild whooping crane shown on topographic map, how to make 1805:137
WILDFLOWERS. See also FLOWERSWILD

Blooming of many wildflowers controlled by
hours of daylight experiment 1984:90-91
Growing wildflowers, how to do 1973:48-49
WILDLIFE OBSERVATION
Observe wildlife, how to do 1781:7-43
WIND. See also ANEMOMETER; WEATHER
Activities and science experiments
2032:220-229
Air flows from high to low pressure area experiment 1528:57
Anemometer from plastic cups, balsa wood and
beads, how to make 1925:17
Books and activities about wind, storms, flight
and windmills 1741:38-67
Breezes; when do off-shore breezes blow experiment 1905:78-80
City streets Urban Canyon wind funnel experiment 1528:64
City; wind patterns in the city experiment 1528:62
Experiments with wind 1953:217-230
Explore wind with kite or windsock experiment
(Primary) 1557:28
Force of moving air or wind experiment 1758:63
Hot air rises demonstration with balloon over neck
of bottle 1649:35
Hot air spirals create the wind experiment 1892:39
Ice; effect of wind speed on melting of ice experiment 1861:58
model 1528:148
Ocean currents; wind blown ocean currents
experiment 1528:131
Onshore and offshore breezes experiment
1612:94-95
1534:3-6
Sailboat harnesses the wind experiment
1890:34-35
Streamer rings show wind direction experiment
2022:39
Temperature and effect of wind on it experiment,
how to build anemometer 1894:10-11
Temperature of air affects the wind experiment
1898:9-10
Temperature of elements, water, Earth or air
affects the wind experiment, chart given
1898:7-8
255
Make windsocks to demonstrate visual effects of

wind 1613:202
Most common wind direction project 1739:19
Prediction of weather by wind direction experiment
1540:32-33
Weather vane measures wind direction experiment,
how to make 1739:18
Which way does the wind blow experiment
1753:12
Wind vane measures wind direction experiment,
how to make 1528:59
WIND ENERGY. See also WINDMILLS
Air wheel or wind roller demonstrates using wind
to move objects experiment 1613:202
Kites; force of wind makes kite move experiment
1613:207
Kites; three styles of simple paper kites compared
to ability to move in the wind 1613:207:220
Pinwheel; power of the wind spins pinwheel
experiment 1632:12
Sailboats demonstrate that wind can be used to
do work experiment 1613:197-205
Wild wind inside empty plastic bottle experiment
1770:19
Wind energy catcher experiment, how to make
from large soda bottle 1883:40-42
Wind energy used to turn something experiment
1844:54-56
Windmill model performs work experiment
1848:180-182
Windmill; can wind be used as a source of
energy; construct a windmill experiment
1787:24-28
Windmill; wind produces energy experiment, make
paper windmill 1753:40
WIND SPEED
Anemometer from protractor, ruler and ping pong
ball, how to make 1739:20
Anemometer measures speed of wind experiment
2054:94-95
Anemometer measures wind speed, make from
paper plate and cup 1753:116
Anemometer tells how hard wind is blowing, how
to make 1892:37
Anemometer; how does an anemometer work
experiment 1842:103
Propeller measures wind speed, how to make
1739:21
Speed; measure speed of wind experiment with
homemade anemometer 1861:32-35
Speed; measure wind speed with a homemade
anemometer, how to make 1842:101-102

Waves; how are waves made experiment
1751:63
Weather vane from cork tile, cardboard and plastic straw, how to make 1894:12-13
What causes wind experiment 1861:28-31
What makes a pinwheel turn experiment
1831:52
Wind catcher, how to make from gallon cardboard
milk container and yarn 1868:unp
Wind near ground is slowed by friction experiment
1528:56
Wind protection for your home with and without
trees experiment 1540:76-77
Wind ring from plastic lid and colored ribbons,
how to make 1531:13
1528:131
Wind sock shows direction of wind, how to make
1892:38
Windbreak; how does a windbreak affect soil
erosion experiment 1535:45-47
Windiest; where is the windiest place on Earth
WIND CHILL
Chart to use to determine wind chill 1648:28
Wind chill effect on temperature experiment
1753:117
WIND CHIMES
Chime from silverware, embroidery hoop, string
and glue, how to make 1868:unp
Make from metal objects 2022:42
Make from recycled computer disks, how to do
1789:55
Plastic milk jug and chiming items, how to make
1997:140-141
WIND CURRENTS
Origins of acid rain experiment; is there a connection between acid rain and wind currents
1569:81-85
WIND DIRECTION
Air currents; how do heating and cooling affect
air currents experiment 1842:110-112
Check wind and wind direction with soap bubbles
experiment 1550:34
Circulatory winds of a non-rotating Earth experiment, model shows direction winds would
travel 1534:32-35
Direction of winds experiment; make a wind
recorder 1802:26-27
256
Speed; measure wind using the Beaufort Scale

1898:18-20
Wind speed measured by anemometer experiment,
how to make 1528:59
WIND TUNNELS
Airflow velocity meter to measure air speed in
wind tunnel experiment 1610:150-153
Build small wind tunnel using fan and cardboard
boxes experiment 1610:150-154
Build wind tunnel to test design of paper airplanes
experiment 1770:57
Device to measure wind speed in wind tunnel, how
to make 1610:150-153
How to turn and make glider go up and down in
a wind tunnel experiment 1842:223-226
What is a wind tunnel experiment
1842:217-218
Will your airplane soar in a wind tunnel experiment 1842:223-224
WIND VANES
Cardboard wind vane, how to make 2014:148-149
Make from pencil; index card, coffee stirrers,
paper clips, drinking straw 1537:33-34
Make from straws, paper and dowel 1898:17-18
Make wind vane from straw and card 2011:11
Make wind vane to measure wind direction experiment 1758:35
What does a wind vane do and how can you make
one experiment 1842:96-99
Which way does wind vane point experiment
1883:24-26
Which way the wind is blowing experiment, how
to make a wind vane 1892:36
Wind vane used to predict the weather experiment
1883:26-30
WINDMILLS
grain 1898:30
Model windmill lifts weight 1890:32-33
Paper model demonstrates how windmill works
2054:110-111
Pinwheel demonstrates wind in action experiment
1640:96-97
Pinwheel powers windmill model experiment
2000:132-133
Rotor windmill experiment, make from cardboard
tube, wire coat hanger and thread spools
1890:31-32
Wind can be used as a source of energy; construct
a windmill experiment 1787:24-28
Wind produces energy experiment, make a simple

paper windmill 1753:40
Windmill demonstrates wind power, how to make
1711:34
WINOGRADSKY, SERGE
Winogradsky columns and microbe communities
WINTER. See also SEASONSWINTER
Insects; do eggs and pupa cases of insects survive
freezing experiment 1571:114-117
WIRES
Wire, when heated, will sag experiment
1878:96-97
WOLVES
Attitude survey about peoples feelings about
wolves 1550:42
Facial and tail expressions of wolves experiment
1552:27-32
WOOD
Are composites of wood stronger than solid wood
Compare dry and wet pieces of wood experiment
1644:25
Density; testing wood for heaviness or density
Different patterns made by grain and knots
show up with crayon rubbings, how to do
1644:6
Hardness; compare hardness of different small
pieces of wood by driving nails into them
experiment 1644:25
Hardness; testing wood for hardness experiment
1593:36
How much wood will a tree yield experiment
1550:54-55
How strong is wood experiment 1644:15
Log raft model to show how wood floats experiment 1644:25
Paint; which kinds of paint cover wood samples
Paper; turn paper back into wood fibers experiment
1644:19
Particle board, how to make experiment
1644:17
Water absorption in nine selected woods project
2012:48-53
WOOD LICE. See also SOW BUGS
Collecting wood lice and millipedes, how to do
1874:14-15
Feeding wood lice and millipedes, how to do
1874:20-21
257
Home to keep wood lice and millipedes, how to

make 1874:16-19
WOOD LOUSE. See SOW BUGS
WOODS. See FOREST
WOOL
Carding wool, how to do 1575:14-15
Dampness test for wool and manmade fibers
experiment 1575:6
Feeling, pulling and smelling test for wool and
manmade fibers experiment 1575:4-5
How to dye wool using onion skins for dye and
aluminum and cream of tartar for mordants
1575:12-13
How to spin wool using a spinner 1575:16-17
Ice cube test for wool and manmade fibers, experiment 1575:7
Loom from cardboard, how to make and weave
on it 1575:21-23
Simple weaving pattern on cardboard loom, how

to do 1575:25
WORK. See FORCE; ENERGY
WORMS. See also EARTHWORMS
WRIGHT BROTHERS
2002:14-25
WRIGHT, JAMES
2002:94-103
WRITING INSTRUMENTS. See also PENCILS;
PENS
WRITINGINVISIBLE. See also INVISIBLE
INKS; SECRET WRITING
WU, CHIENG-SHIUNG, DR.
Atomic stations and sticky soap bubbles experiment 1869:112-119
258
&
Yeast and sugar water in blown up balloon with

carbon dioxide gas experiment 1678:30
1869:28-33
2027:70-71
Yeast is a plant that needs food such as sugar to
Yeast plus sugar makes carbon dioxide gas experiment 1628:38
YOGURT
How to make yogurt experiment 1938:32-34
Make your own yogurt experiment 1934:77-79
Microbes used to create yogurt and control taste
What is yogurt experiment 1804:70-73
Yogurt warming box, how to make 1628:42-43
YAMS. See also SWEET POTATOES

YEAST
Carbon dioxide gas produced when sugar, yeast
and water are mixed together experiment
1987:33-35
Fermentation of yeast and sugar experiment
1819:110-111
Grow yeast plants from yeast, sugar and water
experiment 1555:117
1679:21-22
How does yeast affect decay experiment 1735:39
How yeast works to make bread rise experiment
1536:10-11
Observe yeast, water and sugar mixture experiment
1818:12
Temperature affects yeast growth experiment
1735:37-38
Use of yeast in baking experiment 1934:83-85
Watch population of microorganisms grow experiment 1876:180
Watching yeast at work in plastic bag experiment
1893:17
What does yeast do experiment 1628:38
What does yeast do in baking bread experiment
1742:52-55
What makes bread soft and fluffy experiment
1831:146-147
White bread made with yeast experiment
1628:38-40
1804:66-69
Yeast and sugar in water creates enough carbon
dioxide to inflate a balloon 1585:30
&
ZIPPERS
When was the zipper first used experiment
1905:19-20
ZOETROPE
Animation drum or zoetrope turns to produce illusion of moving pictures experiment
1541:24-27
zoetrope 1562:24-27
How to make zoetrope from baking pan, clay,
dart and pictures 1657:10-13
Motion of animals, make zoetrope experiment
1784:46-52
ZOOLOGY
Comparison of creatures captured in sweep net
samples project 1583:30-36
259
Books Indexed by Number
See Books Indexed by Author for an alphabetical list of books by author.

1528.
1529.
1530.
1531.
1532.
1533.
1534.
1535.
1536.
1537.
1538.
1539.
1540. Bonnet, Bob. Science Fair Projects: The Environment. New York, Sterling Publishing Co., 1995.
1541. Coulter, George. Science in Art. Vero Beach,
Florida, Rourke Publications, 1995.
1542. Bourgeois, Paulette. The Sun. Toronto, Ontario,
Kids Can Press, 1995.
1543. Branley, Franklyn M. What Makes a Magnet.
New York, HarperCollins Publishers,
1996.
1544. Bryant-Mole, Karen. Flowers. Austin, Texas,
Steck-Vaughn Publishers, 1996.
1545. Bryant-Mole, Karen. Soil. Austin, Texas,
1546. Burnie, David. 101 Nature Experiments. New
York, Dorling Kindersley Publishing,
1996.
1547. Burns, George. Exploring the World of Astronomy.
New York, Franklin Watts, 1995.
1548. Burns, George. Exploring the World of Chemistry. New York, Franklin Watts, 1995.
1549. Burns, George. Exploring the World of Geology.
1550. Butzow, Carol M. Intermediate Science
Through Childrens Literature: Over
Land and Sea. Englewood, Colorado,
Teacher Ideas Press, 1994.
1551. Byles, Monica. Experiment with Plants.
Minneapolis, Minnesota, Lerner
Publications Co., 1994.
1552. Cain, Nancy Woodard. Animal Behavior Science
Projects. New York, John Wiley &
Sons, 1995.
1553. Carey, Helen H. Under the Sea. Milwaukee,
Wisconsin, Raintree Publishers, 1990.
1554. Carey, Helen H. The Moon. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Raintree Publishers, 1990.
Allaby, Michael. How the Weather Works.

Pleasantville, New York, Readers
Digest Association, 1995.
Gillis, Jennifer Storey. Tooth Truth: Fun Facts
and Projects. Pownal, Vermont, Storey
Communications, 1996.
Morgan, Sally. Animals and Their World.
New York, Kingfisher, 1996.
Allison, Linda. Pint-Size Science. New York,
Little, Brown and Company, 1994.
Ardley, Neil. How Things Work. Pleasantville,
New York, Readers Digest Association, 1995.
Asimov, Isaac. Astronomy Projects. Milwaukee,
Wisconsin, Gareth Stevens Publishing,
1996.
Baker, Thomas Richard. Two Suns and a Green
Sky: 22 Out-of-This-World Weather
Models and Experiments. New York,
Tab Books, 1994.
Barrow, Lloyd H. Adventures with Rocks and
Minerals; Book II: Geology Experiments for Young People. Springfield,
New Jersey, Enslow Publishers, 1995.
Baskerville, Judith. Bread. Ada, Oklahoma,
Garrett Educational Corp., 1991.
Ben Franklin Book of Easy and Incredible
Experiments, Franklin Institute Science
Museum Book. New York, John
Wiley & Sons, 1995.
Berenstain, Stan & Jan. The Berenstain Bears
Grow-It. New York, Random House,
1996.
Bochinski, Julianne Blair. The Complete
Handbook of Science Fair Projects,
rev. ed. New York, John Wiley &
Sons, 1996.
261
1555.
1556.
1557.
1558.
1559.
1560.
1561.
1562.
1563.
1564.
1565.
1566.
1567.
1568.
1569.
1570.
1571.
Carlson, Laurie. Green Thumbs: A Kids Activity

Guide to Indoor and Outdoor Gardening. Chicago, Illinois, Chicago Review
Press, 1995.
Cash, Terry. Bricks. Ada, Oklahoma, Garrett
Educational Corp., 1990.
Castaldo, Nancy Fusco. Sunny Days & Starry
Nights: A Little Hands Nature Book.
Charlotte, Vermont, Williamson
Publishing Co., 1995.
Challoner, Jack. Flight. New York, Thomson
Learning, 1995.
Chandler, Jane. Glass. Ada, Oklahoma, Garrett
Educational Corp., 1991.
Charman, Andrew. Energy. New York, Franklin
Watts, 1993.
Clemence, John. Electricity. Ada, Oklahoma,
Coulter, George. Science in Art. Vero Beach,
Coulter, George. Science in Food. Vero Beach,
Coulter, George. Science in History. Vero
Beach, Florida, Rourke Publications,
1995.
Coulter, George. Science in Music. Vero Beach,
Coulter, George. Science in Nature. Vero Beach,
Coulter, George. Science in Sports. Vero Beach,
DAmico, Joan. The Science Chef Travels
Around the World: Fun Food Experiments and Recipes for Kids. New
York, John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
Dashefsky, H. Steven. Botany: High-School
Science Fair Projects. New York,
Tab Books, 1994.
Dashefsky, H. Steven. Microbiology: 49 Science
Fair Projects. New York, Tab Books,
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1996.
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1996.
Talmage, Ellen. Container Gardening for Kids.
1996.
Taylor, Barbara. Shadows and Reflections. New
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1842.
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VanCleave, Janice. Janice VanCleaves Ecology
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VanCleave, Janice. Janice VanCleaves Food
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VanCleave, Janice. Janice VanCleaves
Geography for Every Kid. New York,
VanCleave, Janice. Janice VanCleaves Guide
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VanCleave, Janice. Janice VanCleaves Insects
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VanCleave, Janice. Janice VanCleaves Plants.
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1856.
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1860.
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VanCleave, Janice. Janice VanCleaves Play

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Wiese, Jim. Spy Science: 40 Secret Sleuthing
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Williams, Diane. Weather. Huntington Beach,
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Woodruff, John. Magnetism. Austin, Texas,
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Yount, Lisa. William Harvey, Discoverer of
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Zubrowski, Bernie. Soda Science: Designing
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Adams, Richard C. Ideas of Science Projects,
rev. ed. New York, Franklin Watts,
1997.
Albert, Toni. A Kids Summer Ecojournal:
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the Season. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, Trickle Creek Books, 1998.
Amazing Activities and Things to Do. New
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Anderson, Margaret J. Carl Linnaeus: Father
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1996.
Barrow, Lloyd H. Science Fair Projects Investigating Earthworms. Berkeley Heights,
Bartholomew, Alan. Electric Gadgets and
Gizmos: Battery-Powered Buildable
Gadgets That Go. Buffalo, New York,
Baxter, Nicola. Hot or Not. Chicago, Illinois,
Childrens Press, 1995.
Baxter, Nicola. Living with Light. Chicago,
Baxter, Nicola. Rain, Wind and Storm. Austin,
Baxter, Nicola. Sound Not Silence. Chicago,
Bender, Lionel. Heat and Drought. Austin,
Berger, Melvin. Chirping Crickets. New York,
Harper Collins Publishers, 1998.
Bernard, Robin. The Bug Book. New York,
Scholastic Professional Books, 1994.
Big Book of Nature Projects. New York,
Thames and Hudson, 1997.
Bittinger, Gayle. 1-2-3 Science: Science Activities
for Working with Young Children.
Everett, Washington, Warren Publishing House, 1993.
Bittinger, Gayle. Play and Learn with Magnets.
Everett, Washington, Warren Publishing House, 1994.
Blakey, Nancy. Lotions, Potions and Slime:
Mudpies and More. Berkeley, California, Tricycle Press, 1996.
Bleifeld, Maurice. Adventures with Biology:
Biology Experiments for Young People.
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Bonnet, Bob. Science Fair Projects: Flight,
Space and Astronomy. New York,
1936.
1937.
1938.
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273
Bonnet, Bob. Science Fair Projects with Electricity and Electronics. New York,
Bowers, Vivien. Crime Science: How Investigators Use Science to Track Down the
Bad Guys. Toronto, Canada, Greey de
Pencier Books, 1997.
Brynie, Faith Hickman. Six-Minute Nature
Experiments. New York, Sterling
Burton, Jane. The Nature and Science of Bubbles.
Publishing, 1998.
Burton, Jane. The Nature and Science of Colors.
Publishing, 1998.
Burton, Jane. The Nature and Science of Fossils.
Publishing, 1999.
Burton, Jane. The Nature and Science of Seeds.
Publishing, 1999.
Burton, Jane. The Nature and Science of Waste.
Publishing, 1999.
Burton, John A. Jungles and Rainforests. San Diego, California, Thunder Bay Press, 1996.
Butzow, Carol M. More Science Through
Childrens Literature. Englewood,
Challoner, Jack. Big and Small. Austin, Texas,
Challoner, Jack. Floating and Sinking. Austin,
Challoner, Jack. Wet and Dry. Austin, Texas,
Chapman, Gillian. Maps and Mazes. Brookfield,
Connecticut, The Millbrook Press, 1993.
Christian, Spencer. Can It Really Rain Frogs?
Christian, Spencer. Is There a Dinosaur in Your
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Sons, 1998.
Christian, Spencer. Shake, Rattle and Roll: The
Worlds Most Amazing Volcanoes,
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Churchill, E. Richard. 365 Simple Science

New York, Black Dog & Leventhal
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Cobb, Allan B. Super Science Projects About
Animals in Their Habitats. New
York, Rosen Publishing Group, 1999.
Energy and Motion. New York, Rosen
Publishing Group, 2000.
Light and Optics. New York, Rosen
Publishing Group, 2000.
Oceans. New York, Rosen Publishing
Group, 2000.
Sound. New York, Rosen Publishing
Group, 2000.
Cobb, Vicki. Dont Try This At Home!: Science
Fun for Kids on the Go. New York,
Morrow Junior Books, 1998.
Cole, Joanna. The Magic School Bus Lost in
the Solar System. Huntington Beach,
California, Teacher Created Materials,
1996.
Coster, Patience. Seas and Oceans. Danbury,
Coster, Patience. Transportation and Communication. Danbury, Connecticut, Childrens Press, 1997.
Crewe, Sabrina. Hills and Mountains. Danbury,
Crewe, Sabrina. Maps and Globes. Danbury,
Dashefsky, H. Steven. Kids Can Make a Difference!: Environmental Science Activities. New York, Tab Books, 1995.
Day, Trevor. Light. Austin, Texas, Steck-Vaughn
Publishers, 1998.
Drake, Jane. The Kids Summer Handbook. New
York, Ticknor & Fields, 1994.
Duke, Kate. Archaeologists Dig for Clues. New
York, HarperCollins Publishers, 1997.
Dunn, Andrew. Fog, Mist and Smog. Austin,
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1971.
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1973.
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274
Feldman, Jean R. Science Surprises: Readyto-Use Experiments and Activities for

Young Learners. West Nyack, New
York, The Center for Applied Research,
1995.
Fiarotta, Noel. Great Experiments with H2O.
1997.
Fiarotta, Noel. Water Science, Water Fun:
Great Things to Do with H2O. New
Fitzsimons, Cecilia. 50 Nature Projects for Kids.
New York, Smithmark Publishers, 1995.
Ford, Henry. The Young Astronomer. New York,
DK Publishing, 1998.
Fredericks, Anthony D. Science Adventures with
Childrens Literature: A Thematic
Approach. Englewood, Colorado,
Friedhoffer, Bob. Physics Lab in a Hardware
Store. New York, Franklin Watts, 1996.
Friedhoffer, Bob. Physics Lab in a Housewares
Store. New York, Franklin Watts, 1996.
Friedhoffer, Bob. Physics Lab in the Home.
Gardner, Robert. Science Fair Projects: Planning, Presenting, Succeeding. Berkeley
Heights, New Jersey, Enslow Publishers, 1999.
Air. Springfield, New Jersey, Enslow
Publishers, 1997.
Gardner, Robert. Science Projects About
Kitchen Chemistry. Berkeley Heights,
Gardner, Robert. Science Projects About Methods
of Measuring. Berkeley Heights, New
Gardner, Robert. Science Projects About Physics
in the Home. Berkeley Heights, New
Gardner, Robert. Science Projects About Plants.
Publishers, 1999.
Gardner, Robert. Science Projects About Solids,
Liquids and Gases. Berkeley Heights,
1986.
1987.
1988.
1989.
1990.
1991.
1992.
1993.
1994.
1995.
1996.
1997.
1998.
1999.
2000.
Gardner, Robert. Science Projects About Sound.

Publishers, 2000.
Gardner, Robert. Science Projects About the
Environment and Ecology. Springfield,
the Moon. Springfield, New Jersey,
Physics of Sports. Berkeley Heights,
Physics of Toys and Games. Berkeley
Heights, New Jersey, Enslow Publishers,
2000.
Science Behind Magic. Berkeley Heights,
Gilbert, Harry. Gravity: The Glue of the Universe:
History and Activities. Englewood,
Goldenstern, Joyce. Albert Einstein: Physicist
and Genius. Springfield, New Jersey,
Goodstein, Madeline. Sports Science Projects:
The Physics of Balls in Motion. Berkeley
1999.
Gordon, Maria. Fun with Materials. Austin, Texas,
Gordon, Maria. Rocks and Soil. Austin, Texas,
Hamilton, Leslie. Childs Play in Nature. New
York, Berkley Publishing Group, 1998.
Hart, Avery. Kids Garden: The Anytime, Anyplace Guide to Sowing and Growing
Haslam, Andrew. Dinosaurs. Chicago, Illinois,
World Book, 1996.
Hauser, Jill Frankel. Gizmos and Gadgets:
Creating Science Contraptions That
Work. Charlotte, Vermont, Williamson
2001.
2002.
2003.
2004.
2005.
2006.
2007.
2008.
2009.
2010.
2011.
2012.
2013.
2014.
2015.
2016.
2017.
275
Hauser, Jill Frankel. Super Science Concoctions:

50 Mysterious Mixtures for Fabulous
Haven, Kendall F. Stepping Stones to Science:
True Tales and Awesome Activities.
Press, 1997.
Hickman, Pamela. The Night Book: Exploring
Nature After Dark with Activities,
Experiments and Information. Buffalo,
New York, Kids Can Press, 1996.
Hickman, Pamela. Starting with Nature Bug
Book. Buffalo, New York, Kids Can
Press, 1998.
Hickman, Pamela. Starting with Nature Tree
Book. Buffalo, New York, Kids Can
Press, 1999.
Hightower, Paul. Galileo: Astronomer and
Physicist. Springfield, New Jersey,
Hodge, Deborah. Simple Machines. Buffalo,
New York, Kids Can Press, 1998.
Holmes, Kevin J. Butterflies. Mankato, Minnesota, Bridgestone Books, 1998.
Holmes, Kevin J. Earthworms. Mankato,
Minnesota, Bridgestone Books, 1998.
Holmes, Kevin J. Snails. Mankato, Minnesota,
Bridgestone Books, 1998.
Humphrey, Paul. Weather. Danbury, Connecticut, Childrens Press, 1997.
Iritz, Maxine Haren. Super Science Fair Sourcebook. New York, Learning Triangle
Press, 1996.
Jones, Lorraine. Super Science Projects About
Weather and Natural Forces. New
York, The Rosen Publishing Group,
2000.
Kenda, Margaret. Science Wizardry for Kids.
Hauppauge, New York, Barrons, 1992.
Kerrod, Robin. Astronomy. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Gareth Stevens Publishing, 1998.
Kerrod, Robin. The Sea. Milwaukee, Wisconsin,
Kerrod, Robin. Weather. Milwaukee, Wisconsin,
2018.
2019.
2020.
2021.
2022.
2023.
2024.
2025.
2026.
2027.
2028.
2029.
2030.
2031.
2032.
Kittinger, Jo S. A Look at Rocks from Coal to

Kimberlite. New York, Franklin Watts,
1997.
Klare, Roger. Gregor Mendel, Father of Genetics.
Publishers, 1997.
Kneidel, Sally. Classroom Critters and the
Scientific Method. Golden, Colorado,
Fulcrum Resources, 1999.
Kneidel, Sally. More Pet Bugs. New York, John
Wiley & Sons, 1999.
Kohl, Mary Ann F. Science Arts: Discovering
Science Through Art Experiences.
Bellingham, Washington, Bright Ring
Publishing, 1993.
Konvicka, Tom. Teachers Weather Sourcebook. Englewood, Colorado, Teacher
Ideas Press, 1999.
Koontz, Robin Michal. The Complete Backyard
Nature Activity Book. New York,
Learning Triangle Press, 1998.
Lang, Susan S. More Nature in Your Backyard: Simple Activities for Children.
Brookfield, Connecticut, The Millbrook Press, 1998.
Letwinch, Joanne C. Soaring Through the Universe: Astronomy Through Childrens
Literature. Englewood, Colorado,
Levine, Shar. The Microscope Book. New York,
Levine, Shar. The Optics Book: Fun Experiments
with Light, Vision and Color. New
Levy, Matthys. Earthquake Games. New York,
Margaret K. McElderry Books,
Simon & Schuster Publishing, 1997.
Loeschnig, Louis V. Simple Space and Flight
1998.
Louis Pasteur. Irving, Texas, Living History
Productions, 1995.
MacDonald, Sharon. Everyday Discoveries:
Amazingly Easy Science and Math.
Beltsville, Maryland, Gryphon House,
1998.
2033.
2034.
2035.
2036.
2037.
2038.
2039.
2040.
2041.
2042.
2043.
2044.
2045.
2046.
2047.
2048.
2049.
2050.
276
Madgwick, Wendy. Light and Dark. Austin,

Madgwick, Wendy. Living Things. Austin,
Madgwick, Wendy. Super Materials. Austin,
Madgwick, Wendy. Water Play. Austin, Texas,
Mailbox Superbook, Grade 5. Greensboro,
North Carolina, The Education Center,
1998.
Mandell, Muriel. Simple Experiments in Time
with Everyday Materials. New York,
Markle, Sandra. Discovering Graph Secrets.
New York, Atheneum Books, 1997.
Markle, Sandra. Exploring Summer. New
York, Atheneum Books, 1987.
Mason, Adrienne. Living Things. Toronto,
Mason, Adrienne. Mealworms: Raise Them,
Watch Them, See Them Change.
Buffalo, New York, Kids Can Press,
1997.
Mellett, Peter. Flight. Milwaukee, Wisconsin,
Mellett, Peter. Trees. Milwaukee, Wisconsin,
Bonnet, Bob. Science Fair Projects: Physics.
1999.
Carlson, Laurie. Kids Camp!: Activities for
the Backyard or Wilderness. Chicago,
Illinois, Chicago Review Press, 1995.
Flagg, Ann. Weather. New York, Scholastic
Tocci, Salvatore. Science Fair Success Using
Supermarket Products. Berkeley
Heights, New Jersey, Enslow Publishers, 2000.
Ross, Kathy. Crafts for Kids Who Are Wild
About Outer Space. Brookfield, Connecticut, The Millbrook Press, 1997.
VanCleave, Janice. Janice VanCleaves A+
Projects in Earth Science. New York,
2051.
Johnson, M. G. Ron. Galileo. Irving, Texas,

Nest Entertainment, 1997.
2052. Kerrod, Robin. The Sea. Milwaukee, Wisconsin,
2053.
2054.
277
Levine, Shar. Shocking Science: Fun and Fascinating Electrical Experiments. New
VanCleave, Janice. Janice VanCleaves Guide to
More of the Best Science Fair Projects.
Books Indexed by Author
The bold number indicates the book number. See Books Indexed by Number for a numerical list of books.
Adams, Richard C. Ideas of Science Projects, rev. ed.
New York, Franklin Watts, 1997, 1915.
Allaby, Michael. How the Weather Works. Pleasantville,
New York, Readers Digest Association, 1995, 1528.
Albert, Toni. A Kids Summer Ecojournal: With Nature
Activities for Exploring the Season.
Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania,
Trickle Creek Books, 1998, 1916.
Allison, Linda. Pint-Size Science. New York, Little,
Brown, 1994, 1531.
Amazing Activities and Things to Do. New York, Anness
Publishing Co., 2000, 1917.
Anderson, Alan H. Geology Crafts for Kids. New York,
Sterling Publishing Co., 1996, 1599.
Anderson, Margaret J. Carl Linnaeus: Father of Classification. Springfield, New Jersey,
Enslow Publishers, 1997, 1918.
Anderson, Margaret J. Charles Darwin, Naturalist.
Hillside, New Jersey, Enslow
Publishers, 1994, 1919.
Anderson, Margaret J. Isaac Newton: The Greatest
Scientist of All Time. Springfield, New
Jersey, Enslow Publishers, 1996, 1920.
Ardley, Neil. How Things Work. Pleasantville, New
York, Readers Digest Association,
1995, 1532.
Asimov, Isaac. Astronomy Projects. Milwaukee,
1996, 1533.
Baker, Thomas Richard. Two Suns and a Green Sky: 22
Out-of-This-World Weather Models
and Experiments. New York, Tab
Books, 1994, 1534.
Barrow, Lloyd H. Adventures with Rocks and Minerals;
Book II: Geology Experiments for
Young People. Springfield, New Jersey,
Barrow, Lloyd H. Science Fair Projects Investigating

Earthworms. Berkeley Heights, New
Bartholomew, Alan. Electric Gadgets and Gizmos:
Battery-Powered Buildable Gadgets
That Go. Buffalo, New York, Kids
Can Press, 1998, 1922.
Baskerville, Judith. Bread. Ada, Oklahoma, Garrett
Educational Corp., 1991, 1536.
Baxter, Nicola. Hot or Not. Chicago, Illinois, Childrens
Press, 1995, 1923.
Baxter, Nicola. Living with Light. Chicago, Illinois,
Childrens Press, 1995, 1924.
Baxter, Nicola. Rain, Wind and Storm. Austin, Texas,
Steck-Vaughn Publishers, 1998, 1925.
Baxter, Nicola. Sound Not Silence. Chicago, Illinois,
Ben Franklin Book of Easy and Incredible Experiments,
Franklin Institute Science Museum
Book. New York, John Wiley & Sons,
1995, 1537.
Bender, Lionel. Heat and Drought. Austin, Texas,
Steck-Vaughn Publishers, 1998,
1927.
Berenstain, Stan & Jan. The Berenstain Bears GrowIt. New York, Random House, 1996,
1538.
Berger, Melvin. Chirping Crickets. New York, Harper
Collins Publishers, 1998, 1928.
Bernard, Robin. The Bug Book. New York, Scholastic
Professional Books, 1994, 1929.
Big Book of Nature Projects. New York, Thames and
Hudson, 1997, 1930.
Bittinger, Gayle. 1-2-3 Science: Science Activities for
Working with Young Children. Everett,
1993, 1931.
279
Bittinger, Gayle. Play and Learn with Magnets. Everett,

1994, 1932.
Blakey, Nancy. Lotions, Potions and Slime: Mudpies
and More. Berkeley, California,
Tricycle Press, 1996, 1933.
Bleifeld, Maurice. Adventures with Biology: Biology
Experiments for Young People.
Bochinski, Julianne Blair. The Complete Handbook of
Science Fair Projects, rev. ed. New
York, John Wiley & Sons, 1996, 1539.
Bonnet, Bob. Science Fair Projects: Flight, Space and
Astronomy. New York, Sterling
Bonnet, Bob. Science Fair Projects: Physics. New York,
Bonnet, Bob. Science Fair Projects: The Environment.
1995, 1540.
Bonnet, Bob. Science Fair Projects with Electricity
and Electronics. New York, Sterling
Bourgeois, Paulette. The Sun. Toronto, Ontario, Kids
Can Press, 1995, 1542.
Bowers, Vivien. Crime Science: How Investigators
Use Science to Track Down the Bad
Guys. Toronto, Canada, Greey de
Pencier Books, 1997, 1937.
Branley, Franklyn M. What Makes a Magnet. New York,
HarperCollins Publishers, 1996, 1543.
Bryant-Mole, Karen. Flowers. Austin, Texas, SteckVaughn Publishers, 1996, 1544.
Bryant-Mole, Karen. Soil. Austin, Texas, SteckVaughn Publishers, 1996, 1545.
Brynie, Faith Hickman. Six-Minute Nature Experiments.
1999, 1938.
Burnie, David. 101 Nature Experiments. New York,
Dorling Kindersley Publishing, 1996,
1546.
Burns, George. Exploring the World of Astronomy. New
York, Franklin Watts, 1995, 1547.
Burns, George. Exploring the World of Chemistry. New
Burns, George. Exploring the World of Geology. New

Burton, Jane. The Nature and Science of Bubbles.
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Gareth
Stevens Publishing, 1998, 1939.
Burton, Jane. The Nature and Science of Colors. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Gareth Stevens
Publishing, 1998, 1940.
Burton, Jane. The Nature and Science of Fossils. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Gareth Stevens
Burton, Jane. The Nature and Science of Leaves. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Gareth Stevens
Burton, Jane. The Nature and Science of Mud. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Gareth Stevens
Burton, Jane. The Nature and Science of Rain. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Gareth Stevens
Burton, Jane. The Nature and Science of Seeds. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Gareth Stevens
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Pinna, Simon de. Forces and Motion. Austin, Texas,
Pinna, Simon de. Sound. Austin, Texas, Steck-Vaughn
Plants. Ontario Science Center, Toronto, Ontario, Kids
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Potter, Jean. Nature in a Nutshell for Kids: Over 100
Activities You Can Do in Ten Minutes
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Sons, 1995, 1751.
Potter, Jean. Science in Seconds at the Beach: With
Activities for Ponds, Lakes and Rivers.
1752.
Potter, Jean. Science in Seconds for Kids: Over 100
Experiments You Can Do in Ten
Wiley & Sons, 1995, 1753.
Potter, Jean. Science in Seconds with Toys: Over 100
Experiments You Can Do in Ten
Wiley & Sons, 1998, 1754.
Poynter, Margaret. Marie Curie, Discoverer of Radium.
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1994, 1755.
Poynter, Margaret. The Leakeys, Uncovering the Origins
of Humankind. Hillside, New Jersey,
289
Raferty, Kevin. Kids Gardening: A Kids Guide to

Messing Around in the Dirt. Palo Alto,
California, Klutz Press, 1989, 1757.
Raintree Steck-Vaughn. Illustrated Science Encyclopedia. Austin, Texas, Steck-Vaughn
Ramsay, Helena. Rivers and Lakes. Danbury, Connecticut, Childrens Press, 1997, 1759.
Rhoades, Diane. Garden Crafts for Kids: 50 Great
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Richardson, Beth. Gardening with Children. Newtown,
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1998, 1761.
Riley, Peter. Electricity. Danbury, Connecticut, Franklin
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Riley, Peter. Food Chains. Danbury, Connecticut,
Riley, Peter. Forces and Movement. Danbury, Connecticut, Franklin Watts, 1998, 1765.
Riley, Peter. Light and Color. Danbury, Connecticut,
Riley, Peter. Magnetism. Danbury, Connecticut,
Riley, Peter. Materials and Processes. Danbury, Connecticut, Franklin Watts, 1997, 1768.
Riley, Peter. Plant Life. Danbury, Connecticut, Franklin
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Riley, Peter. The Earth in Space. Danbury, Connecticut,
Rising, Trudy. Light Magic and Other Science Activities
About Energy. Buffalo, New York,
Greey de Pencier Books, 1994, 1770.
Roberts, Royston M. Lucky Science: Accidental Discoveries from Gravity to Velcro, with
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Rockwell, Anne. One Bean. New York, Walker and
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Rosenblatt, Lynn M. Monarch Magic. Charlotte,
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Ross, Michael Elsohn. Bird Watching with Margaret

Morse Nice. Minneapolis, Minnesota,
Carolrhoda Books, 1997, 1774.
Ross, Michael Elsohn. Bug Watching with Charles Henry
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Ross, Michael Elsohn. Caterpillarology. Minneapolis,
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1776.
Ross, Michael Elsohn. Cricketology. Minneapolis,
1777.
Ross, Michael Elsohn. Flower Watching with Alice
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1778.
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1779.
Ross, Michael Elsohn. Snailology. Minneapolis, Minnesota, Carolrhoda Books, 1996, 1780.
Ross, Michael Elsohn. Wildlife Watching with Charles
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Ross, Michael Elsohn. Wormology. Minneapolis, Minnesota, Carolrhoda Books, 1995, 1782.
Rowe, Julian. Build It Strong. Chicago, Illinois, Childrens
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Ryboldt, Thomas R. Environmental Experiments About
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Sabbeth, Alex. Rubber Band Banjos and a Java Jive
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290
Sabbeth, Carol. Kids Computer Creations. Charlotte,

Vermont, Williamson Publishing,
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Sarquis, Mickey. Exploring Matter with Toys: Using
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Sayre, April Pulley. Grassland. New York, TwentyFirst Century Books, 1994, 1793.
Sayre, April Pulley. Lake and Pond. New York, TwentyFirst Century Books, 1996, 1794.
Sayre, April Pulley. Seashore. New York, TwentyFirst Century Books, 1996, 1795.
Sayre, April Pulley. Taiga. New York, Twenty-First
Sayre, April Pulley. Tropical Rain Forest. New York,
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Sayre, April Pulley. Tundra. New York, Twenty-First
Sayre, April Pulley. Wetland. New York, Twenty-First
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Science Fair, Make It Work. New York, Scholastic,
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Science in the Water. Chicago, Illinois, World Book,
1998, 1803.
Seelig, Tina L. Incredible Edible Science. New York,
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Freeman and Co., 1994, 1808.
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Silverstein, Alvin. Photosynthesis. New York, TwentyFirst Century Books, 1998, 1815.
Sita, Lisa. Human Biology and Evolution. New York,
Michael Friedman Publishing Group,
1995, 1816.
Sita, Lisa. Rocks, Gems and Minerals. New York,
Smith, Debbie. Holidays and Festivals Activities. New
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1818.
Smith, Linda Wasmer. Louis Pasteur, Disease Fighter.
Smolinski, Jill. 50 Nifty Super Science Projects. Los
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Smoothey, Marion. Calculators. North Bellmore, New
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Smoothey, Marion. Lets Investigate Codes and Sequences.
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Smoothey, Marion. Estimating. North Bellmore, New
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Smoothey, Marion. Maps and Scale Drawings. North
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1825.
Snedden, Robert. Rocks and Soil. Austin, Texas, SteckVaughn Publishers, 1999, 1827.
291
Snedden, Robert. The Environment. Austin, Texas, SteckVaughn Publishers, 1998, 1826.
Snedden, Robert. The Super Science Book of Rocks and
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Solids, Liquids and Gases by the Ontario Science Centre.
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Staino, Patricia A. Exploring Nature with Your Kids Ages
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Staino, Patricia A. Super Science with Your Kids.
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Stangl, Jean. The Little Scientist. New York, Tab Books,
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Strauss, Michael. Where Puddles Go: Investigating
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Hampshire, Heinemann, 1995, 1833.
Suid, Annalisa. Outstanding Oceans. Palo Alto, California,
Monday Morning Books, 1996, 1834.
Suid, Annalisa. Spectacular Space. Palo Alto, California,
Monday Morning Books, 1996, 1835.
Talmage, Ellen. Container Gardening for Kids. New
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1836.
Taylor, Barbara. Liquid and Buoyancy. New York,
Warwick Press, 1990, 1596.
Taylor, Barbara. Shadows and Reflections. New York,
Warwick Press, 1990, 1837.
Taylor, Barbara. Sink or Swim!: The Science of Water.
New York, Random House, 1991, 1838.
Taylor, Beverley. Teaching Physics with Toys. Middletown, Ohio, Terrific Science Press,
1995, 1839.
Teaching Chemistry with Toys: Activities for Grades K-9.
Press, 1995, 1840.
Tocci, Salvatore. How to do a Science Project. New
Tocci, Salvatore. Science Fair Success in the Hardware Store. Berkeley Heights, New
Tocci, Salvatore. Science Fair Success Using Supermarket Products. Berkeley Heights,
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2048.
Tolman, Marvin N. Hands-on Earth Science Activities

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Tolman, Marvin N. Hands-on Life Science Activities
Tolman, Marvin N. Hands-on Physical Science Activities
Tomecek, Steve. Simple Attractions: Phantastic Physical
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Treat, Rose. The Seaweed Book: How to Find and
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VanCleave, Janice. Janice VanCleaves A+ Projects
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VanCleave, Janice. Janice VanCleaves Constellations for Every Kid. New York, John
Wiley & Sons, 1997, 1847.
VanCleave, Janice. Janice VanCleaves Ecology for
Every Kid. New York, John Wiley &
Sons, 1996, 1848.
VanCleave, Janice. Janice VanCleaves Food and Nutrition for Every Kid. New York, John
Wiley & Sons, 1999, 1849.
VanCleave, Janice. Janice VanCleaves Geography
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VanCleave, Janice. Janice VanCleaves Guide to More
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VanCleave, Janice. Janice VanCleaves Guide to the
Best Science Fair Projects. New York,
VanCleave, Janice. Janice VanCleaves Insects and
Spiders. New York, John Wiley &
Sons, 1997, 1852.
VanCleave, Janice. Janice VanCleaves Oceans for
Every Kid. New York, John Wiley &
Sons, 1996, 1853.
VanCleave, Janice. Janice VanCleaves Plants. New
VanCleave, Janice. Janice VanCleaves Play and Find
Out About Bugs. New York, John
Wiley & Sons, 1998, 1855.
292

Out About Nature. New York, John
Wiley & Sons, 1997, 1856.
Out About Science: Easy Experiments
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Wiley & Sons, 1996, 1857.
Out About the Human Body. New York,
VanCleave, Janice. Janice VanCleaves Rocks and
Minerals. New York, John Wiley &
Sons, 1996, 1859.
VanCleave, Janice. Janice VanCleaves The Human
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VanCleave, Janice. Janice VanCleaves Weather. New
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Vecchione, Glen. Magnet Science. New York, Sterling
Vecchione, Glen. 100 First-Prize Make-It-Yourself
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Voth, Danna. Kidsource: Science Fair Handbook. Los
Angeles, California, Lowell House
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Walker, Jane. Volcanoes. Brookfield, Connecticut,
The Millbrook, Press, 1995, 1866.
Walpole, Brenda. Water. Ada, Oklahoma, Garrett
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1995, 1868.
Warren Rebecca Lowe. The Scientist Within You: Experiments and Biographies of Distinguished
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1870.
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Watts, Barrie. Keeping Minibeasts, Wood Lice and
Millipedes. New York, Franklin Watts,
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(Pilger, M.a.) Science Experiments Index For Young People

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Science Experiments

Index for Young

Mary Anne Pilger

Science Experiments Index for Young People

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Science Experiments Index for

Mary Anne Pilger

Copyright 2002 Mary Anne Pilger

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

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ANEROID BAROMETER. See

DEEP SEA DIVER. See

DISTURBED HABITATS. See

RIPPLE TANK. See WAVES

SANITARY LANDFILLS. See

SOCIAL SCIENCECONSUMER USE OF SOFT

WALKING STICKS. See

The index is arranged in the following order:

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR. See also Individual

Measure g-forces on a roller coaster with G-Meter

Plants; acid rain effect on plants experiment

Lemons; why do lemons taste sour easy experiments

Airplane; Delta Dart model airplane, effect of

Turmeric test for acids and bases experiment

Kites; force of wind makes kite move experiment

Fluidics: air flow around shapes experiment

Temperature effect on air volume and air pressure

Lichens; air pollution effect on lichens experiment

How convection currents are produced experiment

Balloon remains inflated with its mouth open

Magic marble trick demonstrates simple pneumatic

Flaps on wings and tail control flight direction

Anemometer shows how hard wind is blowing,

ANIMATION. See FLIP BOOKS; MOTION

Polar bear keeps warm from stored fat under its

Nests; what kind of ants live in an ant nest

Aquatic organism viewed under microscope; how

Shrunken head from apple in salt solution experiment 1657:67-70

Weightlessness demonstration with coin and coat

Ideas for science fair projects 2023:7

Can you detect the iodine in iodized salt experiment 1672:53-56

What happens when grapes are placed in water

BACH, JOHANN SEBASTIAN

Molds collected from living areas grow in gelatin

Why is baking powder used in baking experiment

Basketball, the best angle to launch when far

Compare densities of air, lung air and carbon

BAROMETER. See also AIR PRESSURE

Kicking; what muscles do you use to kick a ball

Lemon battery runs electric clock experiment

Bumblebee searching strategies experiment

Waves; how do waves affect beaches experiment

Hummingbird feeder, how to make from soda

Chemical reaction produces light in both lightning

Songbird parents; observe roles mother and father

Bluebird house, how to build, plans and dimensions given 1597:46-47

Cargo; test clay boats cargo-carrying capacity to

Oil spills effect on birds experiment 1853:142-145

How to design and build a boomerang

Tugboat; make a tugboat that goes in the water from

Adobe bricks, how to make 1636:121-122