Exponential Series

ex = 1 +

!



!

+ +.............
!

Putting x=1 in there, we get:

e1=1+1/1!+1/2!+1/3!+....
which gives
e=2.71 (approx) or 2< e< 3 and the value of e2 = 7.4 by using exp. Series.
Few examples


e3x = 1+

!

(
) (
)

!

!

+.............

which simplifies to:

e3x = 1+3x+9x2/2!+27x3/3!+81x4/4!+.....
To write ex+2 as a series, it is best to rewrite ex+2 as ex. e2 so:




!

!

ex+2 = e2(1+ +

+ +.............)
!

This is true for any constant c in ex+c,

The series for ex+4
Here is start of the series for ex again:




!

!

ex = 1+ + + +.............
!

Now ex+4 = ex.e4, so we just need to multiply the series for ex by the number e4. That gives
us:




!

!

ex+4 = e4(1+ + + +.............)

Amiya Kumar

!

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e =1+

!



!



+ +.............------(A)
!



e-x = 1 - + - +............. --------(B)

!
! !
[co-eff. of xn ix (-1)n/n!]
by adding & subtracting above (A) and (B), we get






= 1+ x2/2! +x4/4!+...........

And

 

=x+ x3/3! +x5/5!+...........









()!

=
 ()!

and
  


=
 (
)! = ()!

Some important points should be noticed

()


=e =
 ()!

()!


(ii)
 ()! = e 1 ,




(iii)
 (
)! = e 1 ,

Amiya Kumar


()!



=e2

(
)!

= e 2 =
 (
)!

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Few More Important Derivations

(A) 1/1!+2/2!+3/3!+.....



!

=
 ()! = e


(B) x/1!+2x2/2!+3x3/3!+..... =
 ()!





=
) = xex .
 ()!
* ( ()!

(C)


!



!


!

+ . =


=


(D)
+

 

!



()!

 

!

=x(


(E)


!


!


!

=


=


!


.
!


+
 ()! =e+e=2e.

()!




+ . = =
 ()!


()!

) + x2 (


+ . =


=


=


=




( )


()!


()!

()!


!

=


()!





+


+



()!


()!

) = xex + x2 ex

=




()!

!

+


+


+


 .


()!


()!


()!

= e + 3e + e = 5e.
(F)
+

 

!

 

!

+ .

=



Amiya Kumar


()!




=
 ()!

+




()!

+x


kumar.amiya@gmail.com


()!

= (x3+3x2+x)ex

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Questions with Solutions:

1) x +

(
)

!

(

)

!

+........

=?

Sol:
(



.)


Tn =
!
Sn = (2xex + x2ex)
(
)

2) 1 +

!

(
)

!




= (

!

)


(Check Few Important Devivations)

(

)

!

+........

=?

Sol:
Put x =1 in above question, we get
Sn = ( (2e + e) = (3/2)e

Find the sum of the following series:

(i)


!

(ii)

 .

(iii)

!



!


!

 .
!

(.)

!

+ .

(.)
!

 .
!

+ .

(.)
!

+........

(iv) 12/2! + 28/3! + 50/4!+78/5!+..........

(v) 2/1! + 6/2! + 12/3!+20/4!+.........
(vi) 1+ 3/2! + 6/3! +10/4! +.......
Solution:
(i)


()
!

=


 

!

=


= 2e-1-2e+2+e-2 = e-1.
()


 (
)

Amiya Kumar

!

=



!


!

- 2



!

+
 ()!

[by Important Derivations ]

+



!

= 5e +2e = 7e.

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()

()


(
)(
)
!

=



!

+ 5



!

+4
 ()! = 2e + 5e +4e = 11e.



!

[ assume Tn = an2+bn+c , put n=2,3,4 and by solving eqns. We will get a= 3,

b=1 & c=-2] we get,
= 3(2e-1)+(e-1) -2(e-2) = 5e.
()




!

[assume Tn = an2+bn+c , put n=1,2,3 and by solving eqns. We will get a= 1, b=1 & c=0] we

get,
= 2e+e = 3e.
()/




!

[assume Tn = an2+bn+c , put n=1,2,3 and by solving eqns. We will get a= 1/2, b=1/2 & c=0]

we get,
(2e+e) = 3e/2.

Note : Summation of an infinite series with

denominators as factorial is almost all the time in the
form of "e"
Best way to solve these question is option elimination
method.

Amiya Kumar
kumar.amiya@gmail.com
www.facebook.com/kumar.amiya
Amiya Kumar

kumar.amiya@gmail.com

www.facebook.com/kumar.amiya