1|Page

2|Page

20.13: Mt ngi dng dy OA = 1,2m buc vo mt hn ti A v quay trn trong mt

phng thng ng quanh tm O. Khi dy b t, hn bay thng ng ln trn v ti lc sp t
gia tc ta phn ca hn nghing gc = 45o vi phng thng ng
Hi hn ln c n cao ln nht bng bao nhiu k t v tr dy b t?
Hng dn

A
0

aB at

an

Gia tc ton phn ca hn

a at a n

a; at
Xt tam gic ABC vung ti B c gc ACB = 450 (=(
tam gic ABC vung cn ti B

an at

at g

v2
an
OA

v2
g
OA

v 2 g OA

cao cc i ca hn :

hmax

v 2 gOA OA 1,2

0,6(m)
2g
2g
2
2

3|Page

)=450)

Vy hn ln c n cao ln nht 0,6 m k t v tr dy b t.

20.21: t chuyn ng nhanh dn u t trng thi ngh tren mt on ng nm ngang l
mt cung trn bn knh 100m, gc tm = 30o. t c th t vn tc ti a no cui on
ng m khng b trt?
Bit h s ma st trt l k = 0,3. B qua cc ma st cn chuyn ng v coi cc bnh xe u
l bnh pht ng
Hng dn

at

an

a at2 an2
Gia tc ton phn ca t

v2
an
R
v 2 v02 v 2
v2
at

2S
2S 2 R

v2
v2

a
2
R

t khng trt Fms k.m.g

m.a k.m.g

v2
m
R

4|Page

1
1 k .m.g
4 2

v4
v4 v2

4 R 2 2 R 2 R

1
1
4 2

s
A

v2

k .g .R
0,3 10 100

214
1
1
1
h
2
4 2
4 2 1
6
y

v 2 14,6 m s
14, 6 m / s

Vy t c th t vn tc ti a

cui on ng m khng b trt.

21.11: Trong mt toa tu khi lng M = 2000kg ng yn c mt hn bi nm yn trn mt bn

F
nm ngang gn vi toa tu v cao hn sn toa 1,25m. Toa1tu bt u chuyn ng th hn bi ln
khng ma st trn bn c 50cm ri ri xung sn toa cch mp bn theo phng ngang 78cm
Tnh lc ko toa tu. B qua ma st cn chuyn ng ca tu
Hng dn

a0

O
0,78m
Chn h quy chiu gn vi toa tu
a0: gia tc ca tu i vi t
A: mp bn

Fqt

* Chuyn ng ca hn bi trn mt bn: chuyn ng nhanh dn u di tc dng ca lc

v A 2as 2a.0,5 a
(1)
* Khi ri khi A: chuyn ng cong vi

+ Trn Ox:

5|Page

1
x v A .t at 2
2

(2)

y h
+ Trn Oy:

Oh

1 2
gt
2

1 2
gt
2

2h
2.1, 25

0,5 s
g
10

1
0, 78 a .0,5 a.0,52
2

T (2)
0,125a + 0,5a-0,78 = 0

(3)

z a
t

(z 0) phng trnh (3) tr thnh

0,125x2 + 0,5z -0,78 = 0
z = 1,2 (do z 0)

a 1,2 a 1,2 1,44 m s 2

2

F = Ma = 2000.1,44 = 2880 (N)

6|Page


T1

a0

Vy lc ko toa tu l 2880 N.21.12: Cho h nh hnh v, h s ma st gia m1 v mt bn l k

v hai vt chuyn ng u.
Tm gia tc ca m1 i vi t khi bn chuyn ng vi gia tc
hng sang tri.
qt1

Hng dn

N1

P2
- Khi bn cha chuyn ng, cc vt chuyn ng u:
P2 = Fms1
Vi gia tc a0 m2g = m1gk m2 = m1k
* Khi bn chuyn ng, chn h qui chiu gn vi bn

P1 N1 T1 Fms1 Fqt1 m1a1b

+ Xt vt 1:
T1 km1g + m1a0 = m1a1b (2) (chiu ln phng chuyn ng ca m1)

P2 T2 Fqt 2 m1a2b

+ Xt vt 2:
m2gcos T2 + m2a0sin = m2a2b (3) (chiu ln phng chuyn ng ca m2)
T1 = T2; a1b = a2b = a
Ly (2) cng (3) ta c:
a(m1 + m2) = m1a0 + m2gcos + m2a0sin - km1g

7|Page

m1a0 m2 g cos m2 a0 sin km1 g

m1 m2

cos

P2

P22 Fqt22

g 2 a02

sin

Fqt 2
P22 Fqt2 2

m1a0 km1 g
a

a0

g 2 a02
g

g 2 a02

km1a0

g 2 a02

m1 km1

a0 k

g 2 a02
g 2 a02

kg

a0
g 2 a02

1 k

k g 2 a02 a0 kg

1 k
* Gia tc m1 i vi t:

a1 a1b a0 a1 a a0

a0

2
2
k g a0 a0 kg
a1
a0
1 k

k g 2 a02 a0 kg a0 ka0

1 k
k g 2 a02 kg ka0

1 k
8|Page

km1 g

km1 g

21.13: Cho h nh hnh v .Bit m1=m2 ,h s ma st gia A vi m1,m2 l k<1.

Hi A phi di chuyn theo phng ngang,hng no ,gia tc ti thiu ,ti a l bao nhiu m1
v m2 khng chuyn ng i vi A?

Hng dn

uuuur
Fqt1

uur
N1

uuuu
r
Fms1
uu
r
a0

ur
T1

uu
r
P1

uuuu
r
Fms 2
uuuur
Fqt2

uu
r
T2

uur
N2

uu
r
P2

V P2= m2g > Fms1=km1g ( m1= m2 v k < 1) nn m2 c xu hng chuyn ng xung pha di v
m1 c xu hng chuyn ng sang phi.
m1, m2 khng
uu
r chuyn ng so vi A th A phi chuyn ng cng chiu i vi m1 (sang phi)
a0
vi gia tc
Xt trong h quy chiu gn vi A.
Trng hp 1: m1 ng yn nhng c xu hng qua phi
Xt vt 1:
Theo
nh
IIuu
uu
r uu
r urlutuu
rNewton:
uuuur r
P1 N1 T1 Fms1 Fqt1 0

T1 Fms1 m1a0 0 (1)

N1 P1 0

v
Xt vt 2:
Theo
IIuuNewton:
uu
r unh
ur ulut
u
r u
u
r uuuur r
P2 N 2 T2 Fms 2 Fqt2 0

P2 T2 Fms 2 0 (2)

N 2 m2 a0 0 (3)
v

9|Page

T1 T2 ; m1 m2 m
(4)
T (1), (2) v (4), ta c:
mg Fms1 Fms 2 ma0 0
a0 g

Fms1 Fms 2
kmg kma0
g
m
m

a0 min

1 k
g
1 k

Trng hp 2: m1 ng yn nhng c xu hng qua tri

Ta cng xt tng t nh trng hp 1 nhng i chiu lc ma st do xu hng ngc li
F Fms 2
kmg kma0
a0 g ms1
g
m
m
a0 max

1 k
g
1 k

1 k
1 k
g a0
g
1 k
1 k

Vy A phi chuyn ng theo phng ngang, sang phi vi gia tc

21.14: Cho h nh hnh v. Tm gia tc ca m i vi M v ca M i vi t
a. B qua ma st
b. H s ma st gia m v M l k, sn nhn
c. H s ma st gia M v sn l k, m trt khng ma st trn M

Hng dn
uur
N 2 uuuuur
Fms1
uu
r
a2

10 | P a g e

uuuuur
r
uuur Fms2 uu
P
N1 ' uu
r 1
ruuuuuu
P2Fms1 '

uur
N1

Fqt1

Xt h qui chiu phi qun tnh gn M.

Vt 1: Cc lc tc dng: Lc n hi vi M N1, trng lc P1, lc ma st Fms1 vi M, Lc qun
tnh Fqt.
N1 + Fms1+ P1 + Fqt1 = ma1

N1+ Fqt1.sin P.cos =0

Fqt1.cos-Fms1+ P1.sin= ma1

N1= mg.cos ma2.sin

mg.sin +ma2.cos k.( mgcos ma2.sin)= ma1
ma2.cos + mgsin k. (mg.cos-m.a2.sin)=ma1
a1= a2.cos+g.sin k.( g.cos a2.sin) (1)
+ vt 2: cc lc tc dng: Lc n hi vi sn N2, lc n hi vi m N1, trng lc P2, lc ma st
Fms2. Theo nh lut II Newton: N1= N1
N2 + P2 + Fms2+ N1 = Ma2
N1= N1 = m1 ( gcos a2.sin)
-N1.cos- P2 + N2 =0
Fms2 N1.sin= M.a2

N2 = Mg + m1g.cos2 ma2.sin.cos
mg.sin.cos ma2.sin2 = Ma2 + k ( Mg + mg cos2- ma2.sin.cos) (2)
mgsin . cosk .(Mg +mg cos2 )
a2 =
M + msin2 k . msin . cos
a) B qua ma st =>

Fms1=0 => k.( mgcos ma2.sin)=0

Fms2 =0 => k ( Mg + mg cos2- ma2.sin.cos) =0

a2=

mgsin . cos
M + msin 2

a1=

mgsin . cos
. cos+gsin
M +msin2

b) H s ma st gia m v M l k, sn nhn.

Fms1 = k.( mgcos ma2.sin)

Fms2 = k.( Mg + mg cos2- ma2.sin.cos) =0
mgsin . cos
(2) => a2= M + msin 2
g . cos

mg sin2 . cos
M + msin2

(1) => a1= mgsin . cos

. co s + gsink
M + msin2
c) H s ma st gia M v sn l k, m trt khng ma st trn M.
Fms1= k.( g.cos a2.sin)=0
11 | P a g e

Fms2 = k ( Mg + mg cos2- ma2.sin.cos)

mgsin . cosk .(Mg +mg cos2 )
a2=
M + msin2 k . msin . cos
(1) => a1 =

mgsin . cosk .( Mg +mg cos2 )

.cos+g.sin
M + msin2 k . msin . cos

21.15: Cho h nh hnh v, M trt trn mt sn, m1 v m2 trt trn M. B qua ma st. Tm gia
tc ca M i vi sn, gia tc ca m1, m2 i vi M

Hng dn

N1

Fqt
1 1
N

T1

T 1

N
N 2

Fqt 2

P1

P2

12 | P a g e

T 2

T2

N2

Gi s m1 i xung, m2 i ln, M i qua phi. Xt h qui chiu phi qun tnh gn vi M.

Vt 1: cc lc tc dng: lc n hi vi M N1, lc qun tnh Fqt1, trng lc P1, lc cng
dy T.
N1 + Fqt1 + P1 + T = m1a
, chiu ln Oy1x1

N1 P1.cos1 + Fqt1.sin1=0 => N1 = m1g.cos1 m1a0.sin1

Fqt1.cos1 T + P1.sin1 = m1a => m1a0.cos 1 T + m1g. sin1 = m1a (1)
- Vt 2: cc lc tc dng : lc n hi vi M N2, l qun tnh Fqt2, trng lc P2, lc cng
dy T.
N2 + P2 + Fqt2 + T = m2a
, chiu ln Oy2x2
N2 P2.cos2 - Fqt2.sin2=0 => N2= m2g.cos2 + m2a0.sin2
-Fqt2.cos2 T + P2.sin2 = -m2a => m2a0.cos 2 +T m2g. sin2 = m2a (2)
- Xt M ( h qui chiu gn vi t):cc lc tc dng : lc n hi vi sn N, trng lc P,
lc n hi vi m1 N1, lc n hi vi m2 N2, lc nn ca rng rc T. Theo nh lut
II Newton, N1= N1, N2= N2
N + P + N1 + N2+ T = M a0
, chiu ln Oxy

N - P N1. cos1 N2. cos2 T =0

N1. sin1 N2. sin2 = Ma0 => Ma0= m1g.cos1. sin1 m1a0.sin21 - m2g.cos2 .
m1 g . cos 1. sin 1m2 g . cos 2 . sin 2
sin2-m2a0.sin22 => a0 =
M +m 1. sin 2 1+m2 . sin 2 2
(1),(2) => a0 ( m1.cos 1 + m2.cos 2) + g. (m1.sin1 - m2.sin2) =( m1 + m2)a
=> a =
m1 g . cos 1. sin 1m 2 g . cos 2. sin 2
.( m1 .cos 1+m2 . cos 2)+ g .(m1 . sin 1m 2. sin 2)
M +m1 . sin 2 1+ m2 .sin 2 2
(m1+m 2)
22.34: Thanh ng cht ABC c tit din nh gc B = 60 treo cn bng trn dy AD. Tnh
gc to bi BC v phng ngang bit BC = 2AB.

13 | P a g e

Hng dn

G2

uu
r
P2

G
G1

uu
r
P1

- iu kin cn bng: P + T = 0

=> P trc i vi T => G AD.

Coi P = P 1 + P2

P1= mBC.g= D.S.BC.g

P2= mAB.g=D.S.AB.g
M: BC = 2 AB
Nn: 2P2= P1
Theo qui tc hp lc song, ta c:

P1
P2

2
1

ur
P

= 2 =>

1
1
G 1 G2 3
+1= +1=
=
2
2
2
2

2
> 2= G 1 G2
3
+ G2 l trng tm AB => AG2=

AB
2

+ G1 l trng tm BC => BC = 2BG1= 2AB => BG1 = AB,

=>

ABG u.
1

=> G1G2 = AB

14 | P a g e

3
2

^
ABG 1 = 60

+ GG2=

2
3

AB
G1G2 = 3

^
G1G2 AB => tg G1 AB =

2
=
AG 2

AB
2
=
AB 3
3 .
2

^
G1 AB 49
^
AKB = 180 - ^
G1 AB - ^
ABG 1 = 180 49 60 = 71
= 90 ^
AKB = 90 71 = 19

22.28: H s ma st k gia bnh xe pht ng ca t v mt ng phi c gi tr nh nht bao

nhiu t khi lng 2 tn ch 4 tn hng c th chuyn ng vi gia tc a =0,2 m/s
Hng dn

G G1
2

msn

F F
2

PP
1

15 | P a g e

Gi trng lc

P1

tc dng ln xe c phn tch thnh cc lc:

P 1=
F 1+
F 2= F 1=F2 =

P1
2

p lc do sn tc dng ln bnh sau l:

N2

N 2=
P2 +
F 1= N 2=P2 + F1=P 2+

P1
2

Lc ma st ngh ln bnh xe sau lm tng tc ton b xe:

F
a= msn = F msn =a . ( m1 +m2 )
m 1 +m 2
M

Fmsn F mst = a . ( m1 +m2 ) k . N 2

>k

a . ( m1 +m2 )

m
m2 g+ 1 g
2

= k 0,024

Vy h s ma st k gia bnh xe pht ng ca t v mt ng phi c gi tr nh nht l

0,024

22.29: Mt bn vung nh c bn chn ging nhau. Nu t vt c trng lng qua 2P ng

gia bn th chn bn gy. Tm cc im c th t vt trng lng P m chn bn khng gy
Hng dn

B A

P P P P
2 2 2 2

16 | P a g e


2P C O D

F F F PM
O

M y xM

y x

h
-2P t ti gia bn th chn bn s b gy nn mi chn bn chu c 1 lc nn
khng b gy.

17 | P a g e

P
2 th s

- t vt c trng lng P ti M(x,y) vi

a
2
a
y
2
x

Hay M nm gn chn bn ti O nht

F1 i qua M 1 OA

2
P =
F 1+ F

-Coi
F 2 i qua M 2 BD

F 1+ F2=P
> F 1 ax
ax
=
= F1 =
P
F2
x
a

FO ,
F A F O qua O

c phn tch thnh:

F A qua A

F1

-Coi

F 1=
F O+
FA
F + F A =F1
> O
F O a y
=
FA
y

> F O=

a y
F1
a

> F O=

( ax )( a y )
P.
2
a

*iu kin chn bn ti O khng b gy th

>

FO

P
2

( ax ) ( a y ) 1

2
a2

> y

a 22 ax
2(ax)
2

a 2ax
ng gii hn y= 2( ax )

l ng hypebol i qua trung im hai cnh: tng t vi 3

chn cn li ta c v tr t vt c trng lng P trn bn bn khng b gy.

22.35: Xc nh v tr khi tm cc vt sau:
a) on dy na ng trn bn knh R.
b) Bn bn nguyt hnh trn bn knh R.
18 | P a g e

c) on dy hnh cung trn bn knh R, gc

d) Bn cung trn bn knh R, gc

.
Hng dn

Cch 1:

Hnh 1

Vi on dy, xt trng hp tng qut vi gc .

Gi G l khi tm ca on dy v do tnh cht i xng nn G nm trn Ox nh hnh v, ta c:
1
xG
xi li
li
L
L
( trong
l khi lng ca on dy; l phn nh ca on dy c khi
li
lng
)

2 R sin
xi
1
1
R
R

2
xG
li cos i R yi . AB
2 R sin
L cos i
L
L
R
2

Hnh 2

Vi bn bn nguyt, xt trng hp tng qut vi gc .

Ta chia bn nguyt lm n phn nh. Mi phn l mt tam gic cn 2 cnh l R, y l dy trng
2R
R'
3
vi cung. Vy trng tm cc tam gic ny cch O 1 on
. Vy khi tm bn nguyt
cng chnh l khi tm ca on dy AB( khi lng bng khi lng ca bn bn nguyt).
Ta c:

19 | P a g e

2
xG .
3

xG

2R

xG

4R
3

a)

b)
xG

2 R sin

c)
xG

4 R sin
3

d)
Cch 2:

4 R sin
2
2

2 R sin

nh l Guynanh 1:
Din tch mt trn xoay sinh ra do mt ng cong phng AB khi quay quanh trc Oy, nm trong
mt phng cha ng cong v khng ct ng cong , bng chiu di L ca ng cong AB
nhn vi chu vi ca ng trn do trng tm C ca ng cong AB vch ra:
S 2 xC L

Nh hnh 1, cho on dy quanh trc Oy, ta c mt i cu, p dng cng thc Guynanh 1, ta
c:
2 xG L
Si cu
2 RAB 2 R.2 R sin

M Si cu
20 | P a g e

L R

xG

2 R sin

Nn
Tng t nh cch 1 ta tm c khi tm ca cc hnh cn li.
Cch 3:

x R cos

Gi s MM l 1 phn t trn cung AB c chiu di , ta x ca phn t MM s l

Ta c:

2 R 2 sin
2 R sin
B
1
R2 2
2
2
xG xdl
cos d

LA
L
L

Tng t nh cch 1 ta tm c khi tm ca cc hnh cn li.

22.36: Bn mng ng cht cu to t hnh bn nguyt AOB bn knh R v hnh ch nht cnh
AD = h
h
Xc nh t s R trng tm ca bn nm ti O

Hng dn
BC

P P
K

KG D A

21 | P a g e

h
Gi G l trng tm hnh bn nguyt ,K l trng tm hnh ch nht ABCD
Cng thc trng tm:
x P +x P
4R
h
x o= G G K K =0=
PG= P k (1)
P G + PK
3
2
Mt khc do bn ng cht nn:
2
R
PG V 1 S1
2 R
= = =
=
( 2)
P K V 2 S2 h .2 R 4 h
h 6
(1)(2) > R = 3 0,81
24.12Thang chiu di AB = l nghing gc so vi sn ti A v ta vo tng ti B. Khi tm
l
C ca thang cch A mt on 3
a) Chng minh rng thang khng th cn bng nu khng c ma st
b)Gi k l h s ma st gia thang vi sn v tng, = 60o . Tnh k nh nht thang cn bng
c) Khi k nh nht, thang c trt khng nu mt ngi c trng lng bng trng lng thang
2l
ng ti D cch A 3 ?
Hng dn
_ Khi khng c ma st, xt iu kin cn bng ca thang:

22 | P a g e

 60 0

FmsB

Nb

C
0

Na

FmstA

r ur uuu
r uuu
r
0 P Na Nb
Ox : 0 Nb( sai )

Oy : 0 Na P

<=>
=> iu kin cn bng khng xy ra.
=>Thang trt khi khng c ma st.
_ Khi thang cn bng, tn ti lc ma st ti A v B vi h s k (k Min).
+ Xt trc quay ti A:
Nb

M(

FmsnB

) + M(

<=> AB(Nb*Sin

P
)=M

+FmsnB*Cos ) =
1

3
<=> Nb(Sin +k Cos ) = P Cos
3 k
1

2 2
6
<=> Nb(
) = P( )

23 | P a g e

A
AB
3

*P*Cos

P
3k 3 3
<=> Nb =
+Thang cn bng nn:
0 P Na Nb FmsnA FmsnB

<=>

Ox : 0 Nb FmsnA

Oy : 0 Na P FmsnB
Ox : Nb k * Na

<=>

Nb
Oy : P k * Nb k _(1)

P
k 1
3k 3 3
k
(1)=> P = (
)
3 3
<=> 3k + k
= k + 1
3 3
<=> 2k + k
-1 = 0 (ax+bx+c=0)
35

=> = 27 + 8 = 35 =>
=
3 3
35 3 3
4
4

+ Do k (Min) 0 nn k =
=> k =
AB 2 AB

P
P
3
3
k 3
k 3
AB
_ Tng t cu b, nhng khi , Nb =(
)
=
2 3
Khi , ta c phng trnh: 2k + k
= k + 1 ( do lc ny, P + P = FmsnB + Na)
2 3
<=> k + k
-1 = 0 (ax+bx+c=0)

=> = 12+4 = 16 =>

=4
2 3
2 3
2

+ Do k 0 nn k =
=> k =
> k (Min)
=> Thang khng cn bng do iu kin cn cao hn in kin bi.
=> Thang trt.
Kt lun: a) Khng c lc ma st th thang c trt.

24 | P a g e

b) iu kin h s k nh nht thang khng trt l k =

c) Ngi ng ti D th thang c trt.

35 3 3
4

24.13: Thanh ng cht nm trong mt chm cu nhm, h s ma st k, di thanh bng bn

knh chm cu. Hi thanh c th to vi ng nm ngang gc ln nht l bao nhiu m vn cn
bng? Bit thanh nm trong mt phng thng ng qua tm chm cu
Hng dn

R1 R 2
_ Nu
,
l cc phn lc ca mng khi
thanh cn bng, ta c:

R1 R 2 P 0

R1 R 2
+ ,
phi c gi ct nhau ti C trn
ng thng ng i qua trng tm G (gi ca
P
)

R1
R2
=> Gc
cc i ng vi
v
nghing cc i so vi cc php tuyn OA v
OB.

+ ng thi, gc nghing
c: tan =
k. p dng nh l hm s Sin cho hai tam
gic ACG v BCG:

+ Tam gic ACG:

Sin ( )
Sin ( )
2Cos( )
2

CG
AG
R

Sin ( )
Sin ( )
2Cos( )
2

CG
BG
R

(theo hnh v)

+ Tam gic BCG:

(theo hnh v)
0
0
0
0
Sin (60 )Cos[( ) 60 ] Sin (60 )Cos[( ) 60 ]
=>
=>
1
Tan ( ) Tan
3
=>
25 | P a g e

3(Tan Tan )
Tan
1 Tan Tan
=>
=>

3Tan 3Tan Tan Tan Tan

Tan (3 Tan ) 4Tan

=>
Tan

=>

4k
3 k Tan k
(
)

Kt lun: vy gc

Tan

tha

4k
3 k

l gc

ln nht.s

24.14: Hai thanh AB, AC ng cht, tit din u, c cng trng lng P = 10N gn vi nhau v
vi tng ti ba khp A, B, C. Tam gic ABC u v nm trong mt phng thng ng
Tnh phn lc ti cc khp A, B, C

Na

Hng dn

Nc

P
C

Nb
B

P
26
y |Page

+ Xt trc quay ti A:
Ncx
P
A
A
M(
) = M(
)
<=> 2Ncx*l*Cos60 = P*l*Sin60
5 3(N )
<=> Ncx =
+ Xt trc quay ti B:
Ncy
Ncx
P
B
B
B
M(
) = M(
) - M(
)
<=> 2Ncy.l.Sin60 = P.l.Sin60 + 2Ncx.l.Cos60
<=>Ncy = 10(N)

Ncx Ncy

5 7 (N )

=>Nc =
=
+ Thanh BC cn bng:
Ox : Nbx Ncx

Oy : 0 Ncy P Nby

<=>

Ox : Nbx 5 3

Oy : Nby 10 10 0

5 3(N )

=> Nb =

+ Thanh AB cn bng:
Ox : Nax Nbx

Oy : 0 Nay P

Ox : Nax 5 3

<=>

Oy : Nay 10

5 7 (N )

=> Na = Nc =

5 7 (N )

Kt lun: Na = Nc =
5 3(N )
Nb =
.

24.15: Hai tr nhn ng cht m1 = 10kg, m2 = 30kg, tm O1, O2 t tip xc nhau gia hai
mt nghing trn vung gc, = 60o. Tnh gc to bi O1O2 v phng ngang, p lc ca cc
khi tr ln mt phng v lc tng tc gia hai tr.

Hng dn

27 | P a g e

F
O2
_ Xt tr quay ti O1:
P2
F
F
O1
O1
O1
M(
) = M(
) - M(
) (h
cn bng nn 2 tr tc dng ln nhau 2
lc tng ng)
0
90
<=> P*O1O2*Cos(
)=0

y
O1

<=>Sin

N1

<=>

=0

=> Oy: F.Sin =0

_Ta c hai tr cn bng:

P1 SinN1 0

P 2 SinN 2 0

Trn Oy:
N1 200( N )

N 2 200 3 ( N )

N2

Trn Ox: FCos

100
(N )
3

Kt lun:

60 0

= N1Sin

=> F =

=
N1 200( N )

N 2 200 3 ( N )
100

P1

=>

(N )

F=

P2

24.16: Khi lp phng ta mt cnh

trn nn nh, mt cnh trn tng

nhn. Tm khi cn bng, bit h

s ma st gia khi v sn l k.
28 | P a g e

Hng dn

NB

Fms

Do vt cn bng trn phng Ox:

NB=Fms kNA(1)
Xt trc quay ti A (vt bt u quay)
NB.sin

NB.sin

.a=P.sin(45-

=P

2
2
2
2

(sin45.cos

2
2

-cos45.sin

NB.sin =P
.
(cos -sin )
P

2
NB=
(cot -1)(2)
P

2
T (1),(2) => kP
(cot -1)

2k cot -1
1
tan

2k+1
1
2k 1
tan
cn bng: G ri trn mt chn
29 | P a g e

NA

 45o 90o
+
45o

arctan

2k 1 4

Vy khi cn bng th
24.17: Ba hnh tr ging nhau t nh hnh v. H s ma st gia cc tr l k, gia tr vi mt
phng l k
Tm iu kin ca k v k h cn bng.

Hng dn
Xt

AO1B cn:
180o 150o
15o

ABO1
2
=
15o
Ta c: N1=N31.cos
15o
Fms1=N31sin

M Fms1 kN1
15o
15o
N31sin
kN31cos
o
15

k tan
Xt O3:
15o
2N31cos
=P v N13=N23=N31
Mt khc ta c: O1 cn bng trn Oy
15o
P+N31cos
=Q1
o
15
3N31cos
=Q1

M Fms1 kQ1
30 | P a g e

1
3

tan

15o

Vy h cn bng th k tan

15

v k

1
3

tan

15o

24.18: Hai khi vung ging nhau khi lng mi khi l M, c ko bi lc

ni AC=BC nh hnh v. Gc ACB=2
cht vi t.
Tm F khi M trn ng yn.

qua hai dy

. H s ma st gia hai khi l k, khi M di gn

Hng dn

31 | P a g e

ur
F

 khi M trn ng yn:

Fms=Tmax x (do vt bn di c gn cht=> Fms l ma st ngh)

MgdP.2cos =FmaxdT (dP=

V Nk=Fmaxa

a
2

(1) Mg
=Fmax
Fmax=Mg

a
2

;dT=a.cos

a
2

Mt khc: N=P+Tmax y=Mg+Fmax.tan

2Mgk
1 k tan

Fmax=

M F Fmax

32 | P a g e

) (1)


Vy khi M trn ng yn th F Mg v F

2 Mgk
1 k tan

24.20: Trong xic m t bay, mt ngi i m t trn thnh hnh tr thng ng vi bn knh R=
9m. Khi tm ngi v xe cch thnh tr h= 1m v vch mt ng trn nm ngang, vn tc 20
m/s.
Tm gc nghing so vi phng ngang.
Hng dn

Fqtlt

Ta c:
r uuur
ur uu
Fqtlt
N
P
+ +
=0
Chiu ln h trc Oxy, ta c:
Fqtlt

mv 2
N

cos ( R 1) cos

N cos Fqtlt
N P

sin
N sin P

mv 2
mg

( R 1) cos sin

tan

g ( R 1) 10(9 1) 1

11.3o
2
2
v
20
5

Bi 24.21: Vt khi lng M c th trt trn mt bn nhn. Trn M l mt khi hp lp phng

m gn vi M ti O.
Hi vi gi tr cc i no ca F nm ngang t ln M th hnh hp khng b lt?

33 | P a g e

Hng dn

Xt h vt m& M:
F a (m M ) a

F
mM

Xt vt m:

Ox : F

qt

am

F .m
mM

Oy : N mg
m khng b lt:
N 0
m khng quay quanh O:
M PO M FqtO
l
F .m l
mg .
F g (m M )
2 mM 2
F (m M ) g

Vy vi gi tr cc i

(l l chiu di cnh ca khi lp phng m)

nm ngang t ln M th hnh hp khng b lt.

24.22: Khi tr tit din lc gic u t trn mt ngang, chu lc

ma st gia tr vi sn khi tr trt m khng quay.

34 | P a g e

ur
F

nm ngang. Xc nh h s

Hng dn

ur
P

khi tr trt trn mt ngang:

F Fms F kmg
(1)
khi tr khng quay quanh A:
M FA M PA

l
F l sin 60o P
2
P
F
(2)
2sin 60o

(l l chiu di cnh lc gic u)

T (1) v (2):
P

kmg
2sin 60o
mg

kmg
3
2
2
1
k
0.577
3
k
Vy h s ma st gia tr vi sn khi tr trt m khng quay l

1
0.577
3
.

24.23: Trn mt bn nhn nm ngang, mt qu t gm hai qu cu nh ni vi nhau

r bng mt
v
thanh nh, chiu di l, t thng ng. Truyn cho qu cu trn mt vn tc u theo phng
ngang.
Xc nh l qu cu di b nhc khi bn ngay khi bt u chuyn ng.

35 | P a g e

Hng dn

r
v

m1
P

F1

N2

F2

m2

P
qu cu di b nhc ln:
N2 0
F2 P2
F1 mg (1)
Xt qu cu trn: khi c truyn vn tc, m1 s chuyn ng trn quanh tm l m2, bn knh l
l:
v2
P F1 m Fht m
l
2
v
F1 m ( g )(2)
l
T (1) v (2):
v2
m( g ) mg
l
2
v
g g
l
v2
l
2g

36 | P a g e

v2
2g

Vy

qu cu di b nhc khi bn ngay khi bt u chuyn ng.

25.3: Hnh cu bn knh R cha mt hn bi y. Khi hnh cu quay quanh trc thng ng vi
vn tc gc ln th bi cng quay vi hnh cu, v tr xc nh bi gc . Xc nh
v tr cn bng tng i ca bi v nghin cu s bn vng ca chng.
Hng dn
Chn h quy chiu khng qun tnh gn vi hnh cu, ta c:

Cc lc tc dng ln vt : trng lc P , phn lc Q , lc qun tnh li tm Fqt

2

(Fqt =m.

d=m R sin )

P +
Q +
Fqt = 0

Chiu ln phng hng tip tuyn, ta c:

2
P sin Fqt. cos = 0 mg sin - m R sin . cos

= 0 (2) sin =0

g
hoc cos = 2 R .
> , c 2 v tr cn bng: =0 v
Tr

cos

g
2 R

( khi cos

nh
g p 1 : =0 ( y hnh cu): xt khi hn bi lch khi 1 gc
sin ,cos 1

37 | P a g e

<1)

rt nh =>

Ta thy: cn bng s l bn khi Pt Fqt/t (c th ko hn bi tr li A)=> P sin

g
0 gii tng ng, ta c
R

cos

Fqt.

. Ngc li, s l cn bng khng bn khi

Pt Fqt/t (khng th ko hn b tr li A)
=>

g
R

g
cos

TH2:
= 2 R

g
=> R

( do 0 cos 1).

2
t S= mg sin - m R sin . cos

tng (a hn bi ln cao), S>0 => hn bi b ko tt xung : cn bng bn

gim (a hn bi xung thp), S<0 => hn bi b ko ln cao : cn bng bn

Vy trong trng hp ny, hn bi lun cn bng bn.

25.4 Khung dy c dng hnh tam gic vung vi =30 t trong mt phng thng ng.
Hai vt m1= 0,1kg v m2=0,3kg ni vi nhau bng dy c th trt khng ma st dc theo hai
cnh khung dy. Khi hai vt v tr cn bng, lc cng dy ni v gc l bao nhiu? Cn
bng l bn hay khng?
Hng dn

Cc lc tc dng ln vt 1: trng lc, phn lc, lc cng dy. Do cn bng nn:

1+
P 1+ Q
T 1= 0
Tng t vi vt 2, ta c:

2+ T 2=0
P 2+ Q

Chiu ln phng hai cnh bn ca tam gic, ta c:

T cos - P sin = 0 (1)
1

38 | P a g e

T2sin P2cos

= 0 (2)
M T2=T1=T => T1cos = P1sin
Chia v theo v, ta c: tan

v T2sin = P2cos
P2
P 1. tan thay s ta tnh c

(1),(2) => T = (P1sin )2 +(P2cos )2= (0,1.10)2.0,52 + (0,3.10)2.(

2

79

=7

=>T 2,65 N .
Dng cn bng: do tam gic AIK vung ti A nn khi on dy IK di chuyn th trng tm G ca
hai vt di chuyn trn cung trn tm A, bn knh AG=IK:2. Gi G l v tr trng tm thp nht
(G G), lc tip tuyn vi cung trn phi nm ngang v vung gc vi bn knh AG. =>
AG vung gc vi BC => BG= 60 =

=> v l! => l cn bng bn.

26.26: Hai thuyn, mi thuyn khi lng M cha mt kin hng khi lng m, chuyn ng
song song ngc chiu vi cng vn tc v. khi hai thuyn ngang nhau, ngi ta i hai kin hng
cho nhau theo mt trong 2 cch sau
-2 kin hng c chuyn theo th t trc sau
-2 kin hng c chuyn ng thi.
Hi cch no th vn tc ca hai thuyn ln hn?
Hng dn
Thuyn: M

Hng: m

|v 1|=|v 2|=v >0

TH1: 2 kin hng chuyn theo th t trc sau:

Khi thuyn 2 chuyn hng qua thuyn 1 th thuyn 1 thay i t v1 v1
p dng nh lut bo ton ng lng cho: m,M ca thuyn 1 v m ca thuyn 2
(M+m)v1 + mv2 = (M+2m)v1
(M+m)v + m(-v) = (M+2m)v1
M
v1= M +2 m v (1)
Sau thuyn 1 chuyn hng qua cho thuyn 2, p dng nh lut bo ton ng lng cho h:
M ca thuyn 2 v m ca thuyn 1 lm cho thuyn 2 thay i vn tc t v2 n v2.
Mv
Mv2 + mv1 = (M+m)v2 M(-v) +m. M +2 m = (M+m)v2
v2=

M
v
M +2 m

( m do thuyn 2 i ngc chiu vi thuyn 1)

M
Vy |v 1 '| = |v 2 '| = M +2 m v (1)
TH2: Giao hng cng lc
p dng nh lut bo ton ng lng cho M1 v m2 trc v sau khi giao hng:
M1v1 + m2v2 = (M1+m2)v1
39 | P a g e

 Mv+ m2(-v) = (M+m)v1 v1 =

Tng t, ta c : v2 = -

M m
M+m v

M m
M + m v ( m do thuyn i ngc chiu)
M m

Vy |v 1 '| = |v 2 '| = M + m v (2)

(2) => chn cch 1

24.24: Bnh xe bn knh R, khi lng M c gn 1vt nh khi lng m c ko trn mt

ngang v ln khng trt. Hi vi vn tc no th bnh xe c th ny khi mt ngang trong khi
chuyn ng?
Hng dn

Chn h quy chiu gn vi tm ca bnh xe, cc lc tc dng ln m: trng lc, phn lc:

P +
Q = m a (1)
Cc lc tc dng ln bnh xe: trng lc, phn lc, lc ma st, p lc ca m tc dng ln:

P +
Q ' +
Fms+
N = 0
Chiu ln phng dc, ta c: Q=P Nt ( du + : ng vi phn di, du - : ng vi phn trn
)
Chiu (1) ln phng thng ng, chiu dng hng xung, ta c:
P+Q = m.(v2/R).cos => Q = m.(v2/R).cos mg
t

40 | P a g e

Qt max khi cos =1 hay = 0 tc l vt ni cao nht. Xt khi vng ny khi t 1

khong rt nh ( tc l Q tc dng ln vt = 0 ) => vng c th ny:
M
1+
m
Qt max PM m.(v2/R) mg Mg v
gR()

M
m
gR() th bnh xe c th ny khi mt ngang trong khi chuyn ng.

1+
Vy vi vn tc v

Bi 26.27: Thuyn chiu di l, khi lng m1, ng yn trn mt nc mt nc. Ngi khi
lng m2 ng u thuyn nhy ln vi vn tc vo xin gc
gia thuyn. Tnh vo.

i vi mt nc v ri vo

Hng dn

o l vn tc ca ngi i vi t ( i vi nc v nc c coi l ng yn).

Gi vt l vn tc thuyn i vi nc.

Theo nh lut bo ton ng lng i vi h ( ngi v thuyn) trn mt nc:

vo.cos .m2 + m1vt= 0 (1)

Mt khc: qung ng ngi i i vi nc ( sn) cng qung ng thuyn i i vi nc (st)
l
2
bng
l
2
sn + st =
l

2
vo.cos .t1+ (-v1t1) =
41 | P a g e

t1=

(2)

M x2= sn=

t1=
(3)
Thay (1),(3) vo (2):

2
vo =

vo=

Bi 26.28: T mt xung nh khi lng m1 chuyn ng vi vn tc vo , ngi ta nm mt vt

khi lung m2 ti pha trc vi vn tc v2, nghing gc i vi xung. Tnh vn tc xung

sau khi nm v khong cch t xung n ch vt ri. B qua sc cn ca nc v coi nc l
ng yn.
Hng dn

t v1 l vn tc thuyn sau khi nm.

Theo nh lut bo ton ng lng: chiu ln phng ngang:
(v/b)x = (v/x)x + (vx/b)x

m1vo + m2vo= m2(v1v2.cos )+m1v1

v1(m1 + m2)= (m1+ m2)vo m2v2cos

v1=
(1)
Khong cch t xung n ch vt ri:
Xmax=

(2)

Vy vn tc xung sau khi nm l v1=

; khong cch t xung n ch vt ri l Xmax=

Bi 26.29: Mt vin n bay theo qu o Parabol, ti im cao nht h= 20m, vin n b v

thnh hai mnh khi lng bng nhau. Mt giy sau khi v, mt mnh ri xung t ngay pha
42 | P a g e

di v tr v, cch ch bn s1= 1000m. Hi mnh th hai ri xung t cch ch bn khong s2

l bao nhiu? B qua sc cn ca khng kh.
Hng dn

v
oy

= mvox = mvo.cos

v
ox

X2
X1= 1000 (m)
Mnh 1: trong 1(s) i c 20(m)
h= v1t +

20= v1+ 5

v1= 15 (m/s)
(vn tc mnh 1 sau khi va n)
Mt khc: Tm xa trong chuyn ng nm:

X=
Gi thit cho = 1000 (m)
vy2-voy2= 2ah

-vo2sin2= 2(-g)hmax

vosin = = =20 (m/s)

vocos = 500 (m/s)

Theo nh lut bo ton ng lng: Khi vt n th h coi nh kn:

43 | P a g e

m
2

P2 = P1 +P = ( v1) + (mvo.cos

= (vocos )2+ v12

v2= 2

)2

tan 2= = ==

2= ( rad)
Mnh 2 trong h OXY
Y= hmax + v2y.t
X= v2xt
t=

Y= hmax + tan 2.X 0 = 20 + X - 5

x2 4000 (m)
s2= X1+ X2= 1000 + 4000 = 5000 (m)
Vy mnh th hai ri xung t cch ch bn khong s2 l 5000 m.
m1 m2
Bi 26.30: Hai lng tr ng cht A,B c khi lng
,
nh hnh v. Khi B trt t trn
nh n chn lng tr A th A di khong bao nhiu? Bit a,b b qua ma st.

Hng dn
Cch 1:

p dng nh lut bo ton ng lng cho h vt theo phng ngang

v1m1 v2 x m2

44 | P a g e

v1t v2 x t

x1 x2

m2
m1

m2
m1

x1 x2

x1 x2

m2
m1

m2
m1

x1 x2 a b

M
x1 x1
x1

m1
a b
m2

m2 (a b)
m1 m2
x1

Vy khi B trt t trn nh n chn lng tr A th A di khong

Cch 2:

Trc tin ta xc nh ta khi tm ca A v B khi cha trt.

G
G1 2
, l trng tm hai tam gic nh hnh v.
45 | P a g e

m2 (a b)
m1 m2

Xt tam gic OCD c trung tuyn CG1 th ta c h thc:

CG1 2

CI 3
Nh vy ta x1 ca G1 (i vi trc Ox chn nh hnh v) l:
a
x1
3
x2

2a
3

Tng t
Ta khi tm ca h l:
a
2
m1 m2 b
m1 x1 m2 x2
3
3
x0

m1 m2
m1 m2
Khi B trt ti chn A, G1 c ta x cn G2 c ta x. Ta c:
2
b
x' x a
3
3
Cc ngoi lc tc dng vo h u c phng thng ng nn ta khi tm ca h trn Ox l
khng i. Vy:
b
2
m1 m2 x m2 a

m x m2 x '
3
3
x0 xG 1

m1 m2
m1 m2

a
2
b
2
m1 m2 b m1 m2 x m2 a x
3
3
3
3

a
m2b
3
m1 m2

m1 2m2

dch chuyn ca A l:
a
x A x1 x
3

a
m2b m a b

3
2
m1 m2
m1 m2

m1 2m2

xA

m2 a b
m1 m2

Vy khi B trt t trn nh n chn lng tr A th A di khong

.
31.14: ng hp kn tit din u hnh vung cnh l nm trong mt phng thng ng. ng
cha y hai loi cht lng th tch bng nhau v khng trn ln c vo nhau, khi lng
1
2
( 1 > 2 ) . Ban u khi cht lng 1 chim phn trn ca ng. Ti
ring
v
mt thi im no cc khi cht lng trong ng bt u chuyn ng khng vn tc u. Tm
vn tc cc i ca chng. B qua ma st
46 | P a g e

Chn mt phn cch ban u ca hai khi cht lng lm mc tnh cao v th nng, th nng
ca cc khi cht lng tp trung ti khi tm ca chng
p dng cng thc tm ta khi tm, c khong cch a t khi tm G1 v G2 mi cht lng
n hai im O1 v O2
l l
+
mi r i

4 4
l
a=
=
=
mi 1 + 1+ 1 8
2
2
Khi khi cht lng ny i ln on h
h max=l2 a

th cht lng kia i xung on h , vi

l 3l
l2 =
8 4
Theo nh lut bo ton c nng:

W max =W tmax

1
2
( m + m ) v =( m1m2 ) g hmax
2 1 2 max

1
1
1 + 2 ) Slv max2= ( 1 p2) S l 2 g
(
2
2

v max =

3 lg ( 1 p2 )
2 ( 1 + p 2 )

Vy vn tc cc i ca chng l v max =

3 lg ( 1 p2 )
2 ( 1 + p 2 )

31.15: Ba qu cu nh ging nhau uc gn cht vo chnh gia v hai u thanh nh chiu di

l . Dng thanh thng ng v bung tay. B qua ma st. Tnh vn tc qu cu trn khi n sp
va chm vi mt phng nm ngang nu:
47 | P a g e

a. Qu cu di c mt trc quay vung gc vi mt phng hnh v v gn cht vi mt t

b. H chuyn ng t do

Hng dn
a.
p dng nh lut bo ton c nng cho h ba vt
m2 v 2
m3 v 3
m2gh2 + m3gh3 =
+
2
2
2

v
2

l
g ( 2 +l =

3
gl =
2

v=

5 2
v
8

12
gl
gl=2 3
5
5

Vy vn tc qu cu trn khi n sp va chm vi mt phng nm ngang l v = 2

3 gl
5 .

3 gl
5 .

b.
V ngoi lc tc dng ln h ba vt theo phng ngang nn vGx = 0
Khi sp chm t, vn tc v1x = v2x = v3x = 0
Khi coi m2, m3 quay quanh m1 vi vn tc v2, v3
p dng nh lut bo ton c nng
m2 v 2 m3 v 3
m3 g h3 +m2 g h 2=
+
2
2
2

v3 = 2

3 gl
5

Vy vn tc qu cu trn khi n sp va chm vi mt phng nm ngang l v = 2

31.47: Vt m = 1kg trt trn mt ngang vi v0 = 5m/s rri trt ln mt nm nh hnh v. Nm

ban u ng yn, khi lng M = 5kg, chiu cao ca nh l H, nm c th trt ln mt
48 | P a g e

ngang.B qua ma st v mt mt ng nng khi va chm.Tnh vn tc cui cng ca vt v nm

trong hai trng hp H = 1m hoc H = 1,2m. Tnh v0min vi v0 > v0min , vt vt qua nm cao H
= 1,2m. Ly g = 10m/s2
Hng dn

Gi v0min l vn tc bt u nh nht ca m ln n nh nm v ng tng i so vi nm

ti nh
p dng nh lut bo ton ng lng:
m v min =( M +m) v
m
v
=
v

M +m min (1)
p dng nh lut bo ton c nng
mv 0 min
v2
=mgH +( M +m)
2
2
2

mv 0 min
( M + m) m
=mgH +
v
2
2
M + m 0 min
2

v 0 min
m2
m
=mgH

2
M +m
2

v 0 min = 2 gH

M+m
M

a1. H = 1 (m)
2.10 .1(5+1)
=4,89(m)
vomin =
5

Vi vo = 5 m/s > vmin => vt i qua khi tm

m v 0=M v 2+ m v1
m v0 M v2 m v1
=
+
2
2
2

m(v 0v 1) v 0v 1
=
( 4)
M
5

v2 =
v 0 =5
2

1
( v v ) 2+v 1
5 0 1

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(5)

( 5) v0 =
2

1
v 2 v 0 v 1+ v 1 ) + v 1
5( 0
2

6
v 2 v 120=0
5 1
2

v 1=5 m/ s
(4)

v2

= 0 m/s

Vy vn tc cui cng ca vt l 5 m/s , ca nm l 0 m/s.

a2. H = 1.2 m
5+1
(3) v 0 min 2.10 .1,2 5 =5,37

M v 0 =5(m/s)< v 0 min
Vt khng qua c nm
nmc v 2 >v
Sau va chm
mc v 1

p dng nh lut bo ton ng lng:

M v 2+ m v1

mv 1 M v 2 mv 1
+
=
2
2
2
2

p dng nh lut bo ton c nng:

m v1

=
2

10 m
3
s
10
5
3
5
v 2=
= (m/s )
5
3
v 1=

( )

( )

Vy vn tc cui cng ca vt l

10
3 m/s , ca nm l

5
3

m/s.

b. H = 1.2m (3) v0min = 5,37 (m/s) (3) v 0 min =5,37( m/s)

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