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Kapasitas Produksi
Produksi Etanol
= 50.000 ton/tahun
50.000 x 1000
24 x 300
= 6944,444 kg/jam
Operasi
= 300 hari/tahun
Basis
= 1.700.009,8548 kg/jam
Berat Molekul :
C12H22O11
= 342
(C6H10O5)3
= 486
C12H20O10
= 324
C18H28O14
= 468
C6H12O6
= 180
H2O
= 18
H2N.CN.NH2
= 58
CaO
= 56
H2O
Kotoran + H2O
= 1700009,8548 x 90%
= 1530008,8693 kg
= Berat ubi kayu x 10%
= 1700009,8548 x 10%
= 170000,9855 kg
Kg/jam
1700009,8548
1700009,8548
3400019,7095
Keluar
Ubi Kayu Bersih
Kotoran + H2O
Ubi
Kayu
Asumsi:
H2
O
= 34,70%
Protein
= 1,20%
Produ
k
slurry
Kg/jam
1530008,8693
1870010,8402
3400019,7095
Lemak
= 0,30%
Air
= 62,50%
= 34,70% x 1530008,8693 kg
= 530913,0776 kg
Protein
= 1,20% x 1530008,8693 kg
= 18360,1064 kg
Lemak
= 0,30% x 1530008,8693 kg
= 4590,0266 kg
Air
= 62,50% x 1530008,8693 kg
= 956255,5433 kg
Impuritis
= 1,30% x 1530008,8693 kg
= 19890,1153 kg
= 1530008,8693 kg
Komposisi Karbohidrat:
Amylosa (C12H22O11)
= 27%
Amylopektin (C18H28O14)
= 73%
Amylopektin (C18H28O14)
H2O sisa =
16
x 553862,7275 kg
84
= 105497,6624 kg
Kg/jam
Kg/jam
143346,5310
387566,5467
18360,1064
4590,0266
956255,5433
19890,1153
105497,6624
Keluar
Slurry:
Amylosa
Amylopektin
Protein
Lemak
Air
Impiuritis
1635506,5317
Total
1635506,5317
143346,5310
387566,5467
18360,1064
4590,0266
1061753,2057
19890,1153
yang
Ditambahkan
Total
3. Reaktor Liquifikasi
Slurry
E.amylase
T=90oC
Slurry
E.-amylase
Asumsi:
Enzim yang ditambahkan sebesar 0,2143 gr setiap berat kering (Prihandana Rama,
dkk. 2007)
Amylase yang terhidrolisis menjadi 17% (Trubus, 2007)
Amylopektin yang terhidrolisis menjadi 17% (Trubus, 2007)
Amylosa
Amylopektin
Protein
Lemak
= 143346,5310 kg
= 387566,5467 kg
= 18360,1064 kg
= 4590,0266 kg
Air
= 1061753,2057 kg
= 1615616,4164 kg
C12H22O11
Maltos
a
143346,5310 kg
x 0,17
324
= 75,2127 Kmol
= 75,2127 x 18 = 1353,8283 kg
(C6H10O5)3
Dextri
n
387566,5467 kg
x 0,17
468
= 140,7827 Kmol
= 140,7827 x 468
= 6588, 3036 kg
= 140,7827 x 18
= 2534,0890 kg
= 140,7827 x 486
= 68420,4019 kg
Amylopektin sisa
= 387566,5467 x 0,83
= 321680,2337 kg
Enzim yang ditambahkan 0,2143 gr setiap berat kering (Prihandana Rama, dkk.
2007)
=
0,2143
x berat kering
1000
0,2143
x 553862,7275 kg
1000
= 118,6928 kg
Tabel App. A.3 Neraca Massa Reaktor Liquifikasi
Masuk
Slurry:
Amylosa
Amylopektin
Protein
Lemak
Air
Kg/jam
Enzim:
E. -Amylase
118,6928
Total
1615735,1091
143346,5310
387566,5467
18360,1064
4590,0266
1061753,2057
=1615616,4164
Keluar
Slurry:
Amylosa Sisa
Amylopektin Sisa
C12H22O11
(C6H10O5)3
Protein
Lemak
Air
E. -Amylase
Kg/jam
118977,6207
321680,2337
25722,7386
68420,4019
18360,1064
4590,0266
1057865,2884
118,6928
1615753,1091
Slurry
E. -amylase
Asumsi:
E.
Glukoamylas
Enzim yang ditambahkan 0,1216 gr setiap berat kering (Prihandana rama, dkk. 2007)
Maltosa yang terhidrolisa menjadi 96% (Prihandana rama, dkk. 2007)
Dextrin yang terhidrolisis menjadi 98% (Prihandana rama, dkk. 2007)
Komposisi Feed masuk:
Slurry:
C12H22O11
(C6H10O5)3
Protein
Lemak
= 25722,7386 kg
= 68420,4019 kg
= 18360,1064 kg
= 4590,0266 kg
Air
E. -Amylase
= 1057865,2884 kg
= 118,6928 kg
= 1175077,2547 kg
2 C6H12O6
25722,7386 kg
x1
342
Maltosa mula-mula
= 75,2127 x 0.96
= 72,2042 kg
= 72,2042 x 342
= 24693,8291 kg
Maltosa sisa
= 75,2127 Kmol
= 1353,8283 kg
= 150,4245 Kmol
= 150,4245 x 180
= 27076,5670 kg
3(C6H12O6)
Glukos
a
68420,4019 kg
x 0,98
486
= 137,9671 Kmol
= 137,9671 x 486
= 67051,9939 kg
= 137,9671 x 3
= 413,9012 Kmol
= 413,9012 x 18
= 7450,2215 kg
Dextrin sisa
= 413,9012 Kmol
= 74502,2154 kg
Enzim yang ditambahkan 0,1216 gr setiap berat kering (Prihandana Rama, dkk.
2007)
0,1216
x berat kering
1000
0,1216
x 553862,7275 kg
1000
= 67,3497 kg
Masuk
Slurry:
C12H22O11
(C6H10O5)3
Protein
Lemak
Air
E. -Amylase
Kg/jam
Enzim:
67,3497
E. Glukoamylase
Total
1175144,6044
25722,7386
68420,4019
18360,1064
4590,0266
1057865,2884
118,6928
=1175077,2547
Keluar
Slurry:
(C6H10O5)3 sisa
C12H22O11
C6H12O6
Protein
Lemak
Air
E. -Amylase
E. Glukoamylase
Kg/jam
Total
1175144,6044
H2N.CN.N
H2
CO2
1368,4080
1028,9095
101578,7824
18360,1064
4590,0266
1049061,2385
118,6928
67,3497
Slurr
y
Slurry +
C2H5OH
H2N.CN.NH2
NPK + Ragi
Asumsi:
Ragi yang dibutuhkan sebanyak 0,14 gr/lt (Prihandana Rama, dkk. 2007)
NPK yang dibutuhkan sebanyak 2 gr/lt (Prihandana Rama, dkk. 2007)
H2N.CN.NH2 yang dibutuhkan sebanyak 0.29 gr/lt (prihandana Rama, dkk. 2007)
Glukosa dikonversi 18% (Trubus, 2007)
126030,3033
x 0,14
1000
= 17,6442 kg
Penambahan NPK
=
126030,3033
x2
1000
= 252,0606 kg
Penambahan Urea
=
126030,3033
x 9,29
1000
= 1170,8215 kg
Komposisi Feed masuk:
Slurry:
-
C12H22O11
C6H12O6
Protein
Lemak
Air
E. -amylase
E. Glukoamylase
= 1028,9095 kg
= 101578,7824 kg
= 18360,1064 kg
= 4590,0266 kg
= 1049061,2385 kg
= 118,6928 kg
= 67,3497 kg
= 1173790,7761 kg
C6H12O6
2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2
Etanol
Glukosa
Glukosa mula-mula
101578,7824 kg
x 0,18
180
= 101,5788 x 180
= 101,5788 Kmol
= 18284,1808 kg
= 4672,6240 kg
= 4672,6240 x 2
= 9345,2480 kg
= 101,5788 x 44
= 4469,4664 kg
=4469,4664 x 2
= 8938,9329 kg
= 101578,7824 x 0,82
= 83294,6016 kg
Glukosa sisa
Kg/jam
Keluar
Kg/jam
Slurry:
Slurry:
C12H22O11
1028,9095
C12H22O11
1028,9095
C6H12O6
101578,7824
C2H5OH
9345,2480
Protein
18360,1064
C6H12O6
Lemak
4590,0266
Protein
Air
1049061,2385
Lemak
E.-Amylase
Air
E.Glukoamylase
E.-Amylase
E.Glukoamylase
118,6928
67,3497
= 1174805,1060
83294,6016
18360,1064
4590,0266
1049061,2385
118,6928
67,3497
1170,8215
Nutrient:
-
H2N.CN.NH2
NPK
Ragi
H2N.CN.NH2
NPK
Ragi
1170,8215
17,6442
=1167306,6995
252,0606
17,6442
=1440,5264
252,0606
Gas:
8938,9329
CO2
Total
1176245,6323
Total
1176245,6323
6. Pemisahan Serat
Feed
RVF
Cake
Cairan
= 1028,9095 kg
C6H12O6
= 83294,6016 kg
C2H5OH
= 9345,2480 kg
Air
= 1049061,2385 kg
= 1142729,9976 kg
Solid:
H2N.CN.NH2
= 1170,8215 kg
E. -amylase
= 118,6928 kg
E. glukoamylase
= 67,3497 kg
NPK
= 252,0606 kg
Ragi
= 17,6442 kg
Protein
= 18360,1064 kg
Lemak
= 4590,0266 kg
= 24576,7019 kg
= 1028,9095 kg x 60%
= 617,3457 kg
C6H12O6
= 83294,6016 kg x 60%
= 49976,7609 kg
Air
= 1049061,2385 kg x 60%
= 629436,7431 kg
= 680030,8498 kg
= 1028,9095 kg 617,3457kg
= 411,5638 kg
C6H12O6
= 83294,6016 kg 49976,7609
= 33317,8406 kg
Air
Kg/jam
Keluar
Kg/jam
Slurry:
Cake:
- C12H22O11
1028,9095
E.-Amylase
118,6928
- C2H5OH
9345,2480
E.Glukoamylas
67,3497
- C6H12O6
83294,6016
H2N.CN.NH2
1170,8215
- Protein
18360,1064
Protein
18360,1064
4590,0266
Lemak
4590,0266
C12H22O11
617,3457
C6H12O6
Air
NPK
Ragi
- Lemak
1049061,2385
- Air
- E.-Amylase
- E.Glukoamylase
- H2N.CN.NH2
118,6928
67,3497
1170,8215
252,0606
- NPK
49976,7609
629436,7431
252,0606
17,6442
=704607,5517
17,6442
- Ragi
Bahan Terpisah:
Total
7. Decanter
1167306,6995
C2H5OH
Air
C12H22O11
C6H12O6
9345,2480
419624,4954
411,5638
Total
33317,8406
= 462699,1478
1167306,6995
C6H12O6
C2H5OH
C2H5OH
Air
Air
C12H22O1
C12H22O1
1
Cake
Feed masuk:
C2H5OH
= 9345,2480 kg
Air
= 419624,4954 kg
C12H22O11
= 411,5638 kg
C6H12O6
= 33317,8406 kg
= 462699,1478 kg
= 419624,4954 kg 369269,5559 kg
= 50354,9394 kg
C12H22O11
= 411,5638 329,2511 kg
= 82,3128 kg
C6H12O6
= 33317,8406 kg 26654,2725 kg
= 6663,5681 kg
Kg/jam
Keluar
Kg/jam
C2H5OH
9345,2480
Air
419624,4954
C2H5OH
9345,2480
C12H22O11
411,5638
Air
50354,9394
C12H22O11
82,3128
C6H12O6
6663,5681
66446,0683
Ke Distilasi:
33317,8406
C6H12O6
Cake:
Total
462699,1478
Air
C12H22O11
C6H12O6
Total
8. Destilasi
C6H12O6
C2H5OH
Air
C12H22O11
C2H5OH . Air
369269,5559
329,2511
26654,2725
396253,0795
462699,1478
Kg
9345,2480
Mol
203,1576
Fraksi Mol
0,0669
Air
50354,9394
2797,4966
0,9209
C12H22O11
82,3128
0,2407
0,0001
C6H12O6
Total
6663,5681
66446,0683
37,0198
3037,9147
0,0122
1
XF = 0,0669
XD =
0,95/46
(0,95/ 46)+(0,05/18)
XB =
0,35/ 46
(0,35/ 46)+(0,45/18)+( 0,15 x 180)+(0,05 x 342)
F=D+B
= 0,0834
=0,0002
3037,9147 + B
F x XF = D x XD + B x XB
(3037,9147 x 0,0669) = (3037,9147 +B)(0,8814) + (B x 0,0002)
203,1576
-2474,5920 = 0,8816 B
B
= -2806,8828 kmol
F=D+B
D=FB
= 3037,9147 (- 2806,8828)
=
5844,7975
kmol
Komposisi Distilat
C2H5OH = XD x D
= 0,8814 x 5844,7975
= 5151,8576 kg
Air
0,05/18
(0,95/ 46)+(0,05/18)
x 5844,7975
= 692,9399 kg
C12H22O11 =
0,05/342
(0,35/ 46)+(0,45/18)+( 0,15 x 180)+(0,05 x 342) x 5844,7975
=0,0194 kg
C6H12O6
0,15 /180
(0,35/ 46)+(0,45/18)+( 0,15 x 180)+(0,05 x 342) x 5844,7975
= 0,1104 kg
Komposisi bottom
Sisa C2H5OH
= 9345,2480 5151,8576
= 4193,3903 kg
Sisa Air
= 50354,9394 692,9399
= 49661,9995 kg
C12H22O11
= 82,3128 0,0194
= 82,2934 kg
C6H12O6
= 6663,5681 0,1104
= 6663,4578 kg
masing-masing
komponen
feed.
Perhitungan
dilakukan
dengan
sat
mengasumsikan harga Pi pertama 760 mmHg. Dengan tryal dan ereor dari nilai Tisat
yang tepat untuk mencari Pisat baru dengan menggunakan persamaan antoine:
Ln P =A -
B
T +C
.. (1)
Dimana:
A,B,C = konstanta Antoine untuk masing-masing komponen.
Nilai Pisat yang didapat, digunakan untuk mencari harga P dengan persamaan
(Matthew van Winkle):
P=
Pi sat baru
Pi sat asumsi
(2)
Pi =P1 + P2 . (3)
Pt = X1P1 + X2P2 . (4)
Yi =
XiPi
X 1 P1 + X 2 P2 .. (5)
9. Dehidrasi