Annotated Bibliography

Benabid, A. L., Chabardes, S., & Mitrofanis, J. (2009). Deep brain stimulation
of the subthalamic nucleus for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Neurology, 8(1), 67-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/
S1474-4422(08)70291-6
This paper goes over the procedure known as Deep Brain Stimulation and
its implications in Parkinson's Disease. It is a paper mainly for doctors
and experts about the surgical procedure. It goes over outcomes of
patients as well as risk of complications and other pertinent data.
The paper is from 2009, so its data may be a little off. Even
though it was published only 6 years ago, the procedure was very new when
the paper is written, so there may be more data available now. However,
it is still a good resource to start for people wanting to learn what DBS
is and how it is used.
Bezard, E., & Carta, M. (2015). Could the serotonin theory give rise to a
treatment for levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinsons disease? Brain.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awu407
This is an article detailing a new, experimental theory on how to deal
with one of the main side effects of Parkinson's treatments. It is a
paper designed mainly for experts and researchers. It details a phase 1
trail of a new drug that may help Parkinson's dyskinisea.
This paper does not yet have much practical use. The theory
that this paper details is very new and does not yet have the data to
prove its effectiveness. It is, however, a good source to learn about
where Parkinson's research is going in the future.
Chaudhuri, R. K., & Schapira, A. H. (2009). Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's
disease: dopaminergic pathophysiology and treatment. FMedSci, 8(5),
464-474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70068-7
This is a paper written for doctors and other experts, but could be read
by a non-professional or patient who are dedicated to learning about the
disease. It catalogs the different types of non motor symptoms that occur
in Parkinson's disease. This paper is also a review so it encompasses
many different aspects of the non motor symptoms and articles relating to
the subject.
This is a incredibly important resourceful for all doctors and
experts looking to learn about this disease. The non-motor sympotms are
not aloways known by even practicing M.Ds who are not specialized to
treat the disease This causes many of these patients to have untreated
symptoms and therefore a lower quality of life. So anyone who is learning

about this disease in a expert capacity should make sure to read this
paper and learn about this aspect of this disease.
Fox, M. J. (n.d.). Understanding Parkinson's. Retrieved February 15, 2015, from
The Michael J Fox Foundation website: https://www.michaeljfox.org/
The Michael J Fox foundation is one of the largest charity foundations
dedicated to furthering medicines understanding of Parkinson's Disease.
On their website, they have a section called Understanding Parkinson's
which is a good resource for a beginners to learn about the disease. A
patient or family member can learn anything from what the diagnosis means
to what the prognosis is for the disease.
The Michael J Fox foundation is one of the most reliable sources
of information for basic Parkinson's Disease information. Because of
there strong connection to research, the website has many reliable
articles that are checked by leading experts. The website is also updated
frequently, making it reliable as a resource for information.
Hoehn, M. M., & Yahr, M. D. (1967). Parkinsonism : onset, progression, and
mortality. Neurology, 17(5), 427-442. http://dx.doi.org/0028-3878
This is a paper describing the basics of Parkinson's disease and its
prognosis. It starts by describing how the disease starts off and what
patients look like when they originally present to the clinic. It then
goes to how the patients progress though the disease and how the
mortality rates progress over the different cohorts studied.
This is a great paper for anyone looking to learn the basic
motor symptoms of the disease. It is an older paper, written in 1998, so
there are some major aspects that are missing from this article. However,
the data that was collected is still valid and is a good first start to
learning about the progression of symptoms.
Jankovic, J. (2007). Parkinsons disease: clinical features and diagnosis. J
Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 79, 368-376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/
jnnp.2007.131045
This is a review paper over the different aspects of attempting the
diagnosis of Parkinson's in a clinical setting. After a Medline search on
the topic, the author complied all the different results into one paper.
The paper is a good resource for experts in the field who are trying to
catch up on the cutting edge of the field.
The paper is a good, reliable resource for experts and doctors to
use. The articles sources are all valid peer reviewed journal entries and
the author is himself an expert in the field. Further the paper was
published in 2007, so while not being as up to date as is possible, is
still a relatively reliable and recent source.
Parkinsons's Disease. (2001, January 1). Retrieved February 15, 2015, from
National Parkinson Foundation website: http://www.parkinson.org/

parkinson-s-disease.aspx
The National Parkinson Foundation is a not for profit organization
dedicated to helping further awareness and research regarding
Parkinson's. Their website has numerous links to different resources from
basic information on Parkinson's to different research topics. It is a
good place to learn the basics of what Parkinson's is.
The source in this case is a very reliable foundation that has many
different sources of good information. Because they are directly involved
in funding and promoting research, they have experts regularly able to
add new, accurate information. There website is also updated regularly to
ensure the most current information possible.
Plotnik, M., Giladi, N., & Hausdorff, J. M. (2012). Is Freezing of Gait in
Parkinson's Disease a Result of Multiple Gait Impairments? Implications for
Treatment. Parkinson's Disease. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/459321
This paper details the different aspects of gait impairments of
Parkinson's Disease. It is a paper that talks about the different new
theories about how the gait impairment works in the later stages of the
disease. It ends with giving several testable hypothesis to test their
theories in the future.
This is an article without many practical uses just yet. It is a
theory about how to view the movement disorders differently than any
researchers have previously. This is a example of a good experimental
hypothesis in the field of Parkinson's research.
Wirdefeldt, K., Adami, H.-O., & Cole, P. (2011). Epidemiology and etiology of
Parkinsons disease: a review of the evidence. European Journal of
Epidemiology, 26(1), 1-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-011-9581-6
This is a paper that takes all of the current articles and condenses it
into one large review. It goes over all the different possible factors
that could cause the disease of Parkinson's. It also shows all the
different disease's that can occur with Parkinson's and the likelihood of
each one occurring.
This is a good article for either experts and doctors, or a
well educated non-professional. It details the leading theories of the
cause of Parkinson's in one, concise paper. It was published within five
years, so it can be considered up to date, and the authors all are
experts in the field, making this the ideal starting point for research
into the subject.
Zhang, Z., & Roman, G. C. (1993). Worldwide Occurrence of Parkinson's Disease:
An Updated Review. Neuroepidemiology, 195-208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/
000110318
This paper is a overall review of how prevalent the disease is across
the planet. It takes information from different papers to try and compare

different all the regions of the world with respect to Parkinson's. It

then talks about possible environmental risk factors possibly associated
with the findings.
This paper is a good place to start if you are trying to get a
good idea of the distribution of Parkinson's throughout the world. The
information may be a little out of date, as the paper was written in
1993. However, the author uses different sources to make the different
conclusions very reliable.