You are on page 1of 6



     

     ,          " "  



 "   &
 ,   

     
.    
,   "

  &     
  
   ,    
&
   . "
 "     ,
   - "   " ,   " ,   "
ZRHGZ NBZ[KG QPNG[ .P

ZZN KYG[ :OKPGNX

OBG ,NCY\ BKF FNJCB NCYPG NJCGP FNTC[


.NCY\ BN BKF LZCB BGF
,FRKEPF \GZ[C \ECGT[ F[KB :\VSGR BPDGE
\BXN FNGMK BKF FNGI ENKF OB[ FCJF FN [K
\GECGT[ \GKEZI OK[R FCZF [K .OEYGP
GTCY \TM .FRKEPF \GZ[C GEMG OKEZ[PC
FNGMK BN BKF NNGMC NTCF OB[ ,OKRGKZJKZYC
.UKTS OG[ GSVSV BN JG[V .GHF \GMHF \B NCYN
Z[Y\F BGF .NMKS KRVD CZF F"C ,FHF ZCEF \B
BN LZCBF YGIF K"VT[ GKRVC NCYG ,KBZIB[ KPN
.ENKC NVJK[ OKXGZ LKBG ,NNGMFP \BXN NGMK
.FRG[ FH E"SC
.\KP[D FTKDV YZ BN GH ,QBM ZMHGF ZCM[ KVMG
QKY\F SKSCFP YNI BGF ,FZGBMN KP[D ZCE NM
BKF FTKDV NM .GRN[ OKKRIGZF OKKIF N[ OPGKYN
.OKYCBR GRB LM NT .GRN[ FZG\F KKIC FTKDV
OKEZIF \GKGMH NT OKEPGT QM OF[ OKPTV [K
[K ,N[PN .ZIB KEZI ZGCKXC TDVK ZCEF Z[BM
FP .\GZMGP \GC[IR \GKEZI \GRC ZGCT[ \GEGT\
QNXB ,FJKSZCKRGBFP BKCFN FMKZX \KRGNKI[

[K ,BPDGEN ,Z\GK OKRJY OKJZV GB .Z\GK FCZF


.EGTG JZBMZ[K GPM \GZCIC \GECGT[ OK[R
EGCTN OFP G[ZEK BN[ DK[FN GRINXF ,ZCTC
ZCGEP[ GRZCSFG GRNTV .\GT[F BGNP P"FGIC
ODG OKENKF \B \GNEDP OD ,F[Y \GECGT[ OK[RC
,\KCF \B SRZVN KEM \GCZ \GT[ L[PC \GECGT
GRINXF F"CG NGICM EGCTN OK[ZER P"FGICG
,GHF FKXREYC ,GK[MT .QFC \GC[I\FF \B DK[FN
.FZCIC BN ,FN[PPC KGN\[ ZCE FH .FR\[F FH
FEKCTP BN[ FZCIN \GSRY \\N GNKI\F ZCM
.ETGPF NGIC
GKF[ \GPKGSP \GDNP GYKSVF OD GHF FKXREYC
NNDC ,TGXYP KEGPKN LZGXN OK[RN \GETGKP
.EGCTN GBXK OKZCD[ OKXGZ[
CXPF ,\GRGTPC N[PN .FJGC FKNVB OD FR[K
,OGYP G\GBC \GECGT OK[R K\[ [K OB[ BGF OGKM
OKENK ZVSP G\GBC ,FSRMF F\GBC ,YJKKF \ZCIC
\IBG \KRGNKI \IB ,OKBR\F NMG SP \DZE F\GB
KPG ,\GRGTPN EGSCS NCY\ \KRGNKIF ,\KEZI
\IB .Z\GK QJY EGSCS NCY\ EPGNG C[GK FNTC[

\B BXPK BN KEZI B[GR UB[ KEM OKRGKZJKZYC


LRIN LKZX[ GC\M F\GPTF \GZJPC .OKRVC GPXT
OKEPGN OB[ GVKSGF QGIJC Z\KNG ,\GRGKXF KMZTN
QM GPM .KXIG OKKR[ KV GNCYK EIK OK[RG OKZCD
N"GI KEKPN\ N[ UKTS [K OB \GCK[KF N[ B[GRC
.NVGJ KZ[VB UKTS NM .FHC GTDV
.\G\KHIF NMC \CNG[P FVY\PC QBM ZCGEP
GKF OB FZGY FKF FP CG[IN FXGZ BN KRBG
= \NVGR F\KKF BN GHF FN[PPF OB .LM OKMK[PP
FKF FP ZB\N F[Y = FHC YNI GRN FKF E"SC[ FP
GRIRB[M BCF CGCKSN TKDR G"I OBG .QBM NNGI\P
FP CG[IN OKXGZ BN GRIRB ,OKYHI OFG OK[NI
.FKFK
YKVSP BN ZGCKXF[ C[GI KRB :CNYP CZF
OKKGN\ GRKKIC OKCZ OKJZV FPM ET TEGP
\B N[PN IYKR .\SRMC \GNKTVFP OKTV[GPG
FZMFF \PDGE B[GR .\GECGTF OK[RF ZGCKX
,GRN[ \GESGPC \GEPGNF OK[RF N[ \GEGT\C
NM FH NT OKECGT GRIRB .FEGCTC NCY\FN GNMGK[
LCGSP ZCE NM GREDR BKF IGZF[ CXPCG ,QPHF

.F"T[\ \GZKIC .FRI\N FTKDP IXRF \ZKK[


WZBC \KEZIF \GEFKF N[ FI\VN \NDND\P CG[
TKKSN \GMHF .FKNBP \RCGP BNF \GMHF ,NBZ[K
KDKXRN IM \\N \NGMKF .FMZE L[PFC FZKK[N
,OFKZG[KMG OIGM NMC OKNTGV Z[B GNB ,ZGCKXF
GNB .TGSRNG LK[PFN FZKK[F NMG\ QTPN
FKRVNP OKZKSPF GNB ,\MZTPF NM \B OKYHI\PF
ZZGT\PF ,NGEDM QJY ,QPEHPG TGCY ,NG[MP NM
.QEKE KIGN[G QRCZE KIGN[ .TSPF LZGBN
,\GRRGC\FG QGC[I N[ OKTDZN ,FVKB QPHF GFH
FRI\F QPN GRKRVC GEPT[ OKZD\BF OGMKSN
KRV NB EK\TF NB FJCFNG ,F\T ET \PEGYF
GRB FKRVC FMZTPF \B QKCFN KEM FBCF FKXREYF
N[ OJCP \EGYRP OKZD\BF \ZMFNG ,OKCXKR
OT \GEEGP\FN UB QPHF OD FH .FMBNPC OKYSGTF
.\GCG[\NG = \G[Y \GNB[
\KEZIF \GEFKF FEPT EKP\ KM OKTEGK GRNGM
OKEPGT GRB GHF OTVC QMB OBF .\GRG[ \GRMS KRVC
?K\GFP QVGBC FRG[ ZD\B KRVC ,FRG[ FRMS KRVC
ZKCSBG ,ZCTCP FRG[ OGKM CXPF :KRVD CZF
QPT GREEGP\F[ \GKTCF ,ZCTC .KRG[F GFP YGKEC
,OGKM .\GK\EGYR NCB ,ORPB \G[Y .\GK\EGYR GKF
K\EGYR GF[P NT OKZCEP BN GRIRB[ BGF CXPF
FZJP QING[F NT GP[ .NNGM GF[P NT BNB
BGF EGT NM ,WZBC QBM \GKIN NMGK BN KEZI OEB[
,FZJPF KFGH .GKKI \GIZGBNG G\RGPBN QPBR ZB[R
QKB .KZ[VB OGI\ NMC GC TGDVN BKF LZEF Z[BM
ZGCKXC TGDVN GSKR BN GC ,OKKIF KPGI\P OGI\
OK[EGYP KMF OKZCEFP .GKETX \B ZXFNG KEZIF
.QJY KMF JZVN ETG ,SGKDF YGI GPM OKKHMZP KMFG
NMP GN YKXP GF[KPG ,\KCC BXPR OEB[ GPM FH
,ZGBF \B GN FCMP ,QGNKGGF \B GN [NG\ .OKRGGKMF
OKMZXPN F[KD GN Q\GR BN ,ICJPF \B GN ZCG[
IZMGP FKFK BGF ZCE N[ GVGSC[ ET ,OKKSKSC
OKZCEF NT OKZCEP GRIRB Z[BM ,QCGPMG .\BXN
FTKDVF NT OXTC OKZCEP GRIRB ,OKKP[DF
.\GKRIGZN SKSCC .FZG\ KKI QBM \GKIN \GZ[VBC
.OFN[ FTKDVF KXKI \B OKRGGMP OF O[N
FNTPNP \GPHGKC YZ BN FH :UKSGFN KRGXZC
GK[MT CXPF BNB ,OKFGCD OKDZE N[ \GBZGFG
LKZX BGF[ TEGK ZCM ,GPXTP ,ZJGHF EKYVF[ BGF
NMC OFK\GKGMHC TGDVNG ,OKEZIF \B "[VIN"
.\IGGZ FTVG\ GH NCB ,NKNMFN KNCP .KZ[VB UKTS
\"\C FNGI ENK N[ B[GR FKF Z[BM ,BPDGEN
EZ[PC B[GRF NT \KBZIBF ,\TKKS LKZX[
."KRGNKI LGRKIN ZGCTK[" :FCZKS JG[V LGRKIF
\GNCYP[ \G\GPT N[ UKTS [K :\VSGR BPDGE
\G\GPT OD FHC OKNNMR GKF KTCJ QVGBC ,CKXY\
GRK[G GC[K HB ,CZT KNNGM N[PN \GKEZI

 "  "   52

LKZX = IM LN [K OB :FJG[V BKF FBGG[PF


.FKXKHGVGBC GRKKF[M OD FH \B GRKBZ .L\GB
OGNCN GRINXF ,GRN[ IMF \B OKMKZX GKF[M
GRIRB[M - LGPRF DZEC \GEKYVN TDGRC OD .OKZCE
OZGH FH .\MVF\P "EYVPF IGZ" ,IM OT OKBC
UKTSF NT C[GK[ KP ,OGB\V .FJPN ET FNTPNP
-\SFN KBEM BN[ QKCP ,OKGSPF EZ[PC OKGSPF
GNKVB BGF OKPKGSP OKZYPC .OKEZIF OT \TM LC
,OKZCE OKPNGC YZ BN GRIRB LM ...O\BZYN WGZK
BN ,NY .GR\CGJN \GKCGKI \GPHGK OKPEYP OD BNB
BN .IJ[F \B OKZKMP GRIRB .OTV UB GRN FKFK
GH .IKNXFN \GZ[VBF GRN FKF\ NCB ,NY FKFK
,F"HTC FBCF \SRMC CXPN Z[BC GR\VKB[
KEKP GKEKC Q\KR[ IMF \B NXRK ZGCKXF Z[BM
.GHF \NGMKF \B GRN \\N ,FVGY\
5 OT[ FH LKB ,NGB[NG BGCN OKNGMK OK[RB
Z[BP Z\GK FTV[F F\KKF ,ZCTC GKF[ OKJERP
?7 OT GRKKF[M FRGZIBF FKXREYC
BPDGEF BKF FRGZIBF FKXREYF :KRVD CZF
N[ F\GTP[P KFP ,\TRM[P KMFG \JNGC KMF
LG\P BYGGE .\SRMC FYHI \KEZI \GDKXR
,FKXKHGVGBC GRKKF FC \KJKNGVF FKXNJSRGYF
FBC ,FH CXPC BYGGE ,GREDR F\KKF FNGM \MZTPFG
\KHIC GRN FKF[ IMF \GTP[P BNP KGJKC KEKN
BCN OGKM OKNGMK GRIRB G\GMHC[ IMF .FMZTPF
-ZCEFP NGED YNI GRTRP BKP[E B\TKSC[ ZPGNG
FBKNPC :\GZKHF NMCG ,UKTS NM NT GRYCBR .OK
OKPEYP O[[ \GRG[F \GETGGC ,YGI \GTXFC
TDGR[ OGI\ NMC ,OKNFRG \GRY\ OKZKCTPG \GTXF
GKF OGN[G SI OB .KEZIF ZGCKXF KKIN QKZ[KPC
NT GEPT[ \GZKHDF NMC FNBF OKK\R[C OKIKNXP
SR FKF FH .FV \GKIN FKF B"B \PBC ,YZVF
GRINXF BN QMNG FKXKHGVGBC GRKKF[ QGMR .OKP[P
NGMK F\B[ QKCP EIB NM ,FKXKNBGYC .NMF
OD[ LKB ,[GIC GK[MT GRKBZ NCB .Z\GK \G[TN
F\B ,OKNKTV O"KMI Z\GK [K[ NMM ,FKXKHGVGBC
.LN[ IMF \B NXRNG ZP[PF NT EGPTN NGMK
OKNKTV O"KMI OF FZG\F \GEFK N[ O"KMIFG
,OKVSMF \ETGGC ZP[PF NT GREPT LM .OKXZPRG
GRTRP .FIGGZFG FEGCTF \ETGGC ,LGRKIF \ETGGC
-ZT\FF ,F"CKNF B[GR \B GRTRP :OKZCE FCZF
,KEZI K\MNPP N[ B[GRF ,O"K\\CG T"FRKIC \GC
\GIEN GRINXF GNBF OKZCEF .FIER FH NM
\TM NCB ,QING[F NT QKKET FH .BKP[E B\TKKSC
QP OFC NVJN \GRPEHFF KFGH ,FBCF FN[PPC
.F"HTC OKYHI FKFR Z[BM .EGSKF
FNKTGF GRN[ IMF \VSG\ :CNYP CZF
JCPC YZ BN .Z\GK FCIZ \GNM\SFC OD FNKTGPG
QGJN[F \DNVPN OZGD GRN[ NGEKDF .K\EGYRF
C[IN FH ZGBNG ,\ZIB FZGXC GRKNT NM\SFN
EGTG = GRKCF OF .LGZBF IGGJN OKKJKNGV OKMNFP
EKP\ EK\TC KZF ,NGEKDC GRIRB[ QGKM[ = GRKCK
OT GZE\SK[ FNKI\C GC[I OF .GR\GB GMZJXK
LKK[ BN G\KB[ ,GJNY EGBP ZFP NCB ,EKVN
EK\TN YHIF IMF[ ,GRKCF OF .\GNK[PN TKDFN
NMC ,FCZFC FCIZ \GTP[P GH .GRIRB FH
GR\KB GMNF FKXKHGVGBC \GTKSF OD .OKPGI\F
-TP[PF IMF GRIRB[ GBZ[ QGKM ,OKZCE FCZFC
.IJ[C K\G
EXKM GRKBZF FRGZIBF FKXREYC :Z[B CZF
,\GZKHDF \B OGNCN \RP NT KJKZY FKF GRN[ IMF
,YHI IM OT E"SC BCR Z[BM FBCF FKXREYCG

,USM QGPF OT OKRGDZB .EGTG ,NBZ[KN F[EI QZY


OEKYV\[ ,Y\T \GZGM[PC OK[RB OKYKHIP[
GRIRB .\EC TGDVN Z[VB GMZE[ B[GR NM \GNTFN
OKTKKSPG \GETGGN OKTKDP[ OKJSKCGN OKBGZ
\SRMF ZCI \B OKBGZ .GNBM OKZCE NKCGFN
.JSKCGN G\GB OT WTKK\P ,YGIF \B TKXP[
.\GZKYI EZ[P GPM OKEYV\P GRIRB OKPTVN
,KRGPNB GFKPG KRGNV GFKP OKZZCPG OKMNGF
.N"RF OKRGDZBN OKMKK[ OF[ OKFHPG
TGDVN OKSRPF GNB ."OK[RF KRGDZB" \B OD [K
,OKZGFJ OKK\MNF OKB[GRC Z[VB[ FPM ET
OKNTGV OF ."OK[RF ZGCKXN FDBE" N[ FGGSPC
GRIRB NGMKCM ,KEZIF ZGCKXF \B \GHCN FZJPC
\B OKTEKKP YKVSP BNG ,OK[RN OKDBGE YKVSP BN
.GMG ,\GRMSG \GNIP KRKP NMP GRN[ ZGCKXF
OKRGDZB N[ FVRT \GNKTV FR[K USGRC
OKB[GR KRKP NMC ,GEMG ZFGX GPM OKKRZ[V
:BPDGEN .FZGZC O\ZJP Z[BM ,NGMKCM OKPKP\
\MKZT ZGCT FZGP\ \IKYN ZGSKBN GNKCGF OF
O\ZJP KFP .EBP OKP\ QKKRT ,FZGBMN .QKBG[KR
\MKZTN CZF NXB OKP[ZR ,OGKM ?\K\KPBF
OKN[GZKC OKZD[ IKRR .OKZGDPF OGYPC QKBG[KR
CZF OB .B"\C OKR\I\PG ,CZF NXB O[ OKP[ZRG
CKCB N\N TSKK BN BGF ,GRGC[I NT TGSRN LZJXK
NGMK KRB OFN EKDK BGF .OKXGZ OF[ QPHC EIGKPC
OKMNGF ?DGHF KRC OK[GT FP .FR[ KXI EGT YZ
\GXZV OKXZGV LM .ZFGX QGDZB NXB Q\I\FN
.NBZ[K \KC OZMC
GBGCK BN OF .F[GCM FBR[F ,CGZN :Z[B CZF
NGMKCM OKBC OF ."L\GB OKBRG[ GRIRB" LN GEKDKG
,OKTRM\[P[ OKPKP\ GNKVB [K ."ZGHTN"
UG[IN LKZX QBM ."FZHT"F \NFYPN OKVZJXPG
FHKNTN N[PN \BH K\K[T .OFKRV NTP FMSPF \B
"ZGHTN" QPHF NM FSRP[ ,EK\T [KP BKCN
ZGCKXF \B \GHCN LZEF NTG ,\GKEZIF OK[RN
FN K\K[T .\GRMSP QF[ OK[RF \B TRM[NG KEZIF
.JSJ
\B GZXT QGZKV OT EIK EKVN ZXGBF Z[ ,ZGMHM
-INXF OKK[EGI KZIB .N"FR[ \NKI\C OKRGZFXF
LNFPC .FH \B ZKHIFN NGED YCBPC F"C GR
\DBGE \B KZF C\MPC FKNB K\KRV ,YCBPF
Z[ .K[VR JY[ OFN FKFKG EGCTN GNMGK[ \GKEZIN
.FH NT O\KB KZCE\ ,OFC OKTDGV QGZKVG ZXGBF
BN BKF[ QCGPM .KRPP OKRGVNJG C\MP FNCY BKF
KP TKEGFN FHC K\[P\[F ,M"IB .OGNM F\[T
KRVD CZF .FN[ K\PBF UGXZVF \B UG[IN .\BH
\ZCEPG ,BKCN FV \C[GK :\SRMF \BKNPC ZPB
YKPSFN OKNGMK GKF \GZKYF OB[ ,GHM \GTKCXC
FPXT BKFG ,OK[RF ETC \ZCEP .OKYKPSP GKF
NNGI FH .OKRGZFXF EDRG \GRGTPF EDR FTKCXF
.\KNNMF \ZG[Y\C OD [TZ


   
\G[K FRRKB GH[ ,OKZB\P O\B[ KVM OB
,OKZJGH OKEKYVP OD TKDFN NGMK BNB ,\PKGSP
FH M"B LKB ,\GRG[ \G\GPT OT FNGTV UG\K[PG
IM OT F"HTC TKDR GRIRB Z[BM \GR\[FN KG[T
?FBCF \SRMN YHI
QGZYT [K .QGZYKTF \B QKCR[ OEGY :Z[B CZF
L\GB LKZX OB :ZGVKSF NMC GR\CGJN NTGV[ EIB
OKCKKI GKFK ,L\GB GMZJXK OB .OKKY F\B =
.OFKRKT \GBZM LC G[TK OF ,BN OB .LC C[I\FN

53 "  "  


,GHF FZGXC OFC CRHN GNMGK BN[ OKN[IRFG


:GRN[ FYTHF GH .OFN[ OKBR\F \TZF \GTXPBC
BN[ QM\KK BN ,K\KPB KEGFK LGRKI OKXGZ[ GNB NM
\B \KVSM GVEZK[G ,O\GB GPSIK[ ,OFN GR\KK
\GEFKF QGKCX NT YCBP GFH .OFN[ \GESGPF
.FRKEPC

?  - 
BN[ \CNG[P FVY\P QBM OKZB\P O\B
KZGIBP EPGT KP .UKTS OG[G JZV OG[ NT \DNEP
?FH NM
\RGGMP[ EK QBM QKB GRKZTXN :KRVD CZF
GHKB QKB .OKJZVF NM \B FNTPNP \RDZBPG



:
 
   
  ,  
  , 
   
 .    
80%   
, 10% .
   10%

.. 
OKPPGHG ,"OKEGYEGYF" O[ OKC[GK[ "FZTP"
LM G[TK[ K"T ,FZJPN TKDFN LKB \RDZGBP \KRM\
GF[KP FKF QMB OB KM ,GRZTXN ZPGB KRB .LMG LMG
OKNGMK GRKKF ,\RDZGBPG FZGES \KRM\ OT OKGSP
QBM [K .LM BN FH NTGVC .\K\EGYR GEDR NGTVN
OT FNMNMF Z[ \B [K .OKPZGD FCZF N[ UGZKX
OT ZCT[N ZXGBF Z[ \B [K .GN[ OK[RBF
LG\C ,EGMKNF LG\C OD [KG .GN[ OK[RBF
OKSRP[ OKEKYVF \B ,\GK\GEKYVF \GMZTPF
.OEGYP K\ZBK\[ KVM ,JZV NMC NVJKFN
IGZ" N[ F[KDF GH ,OKFHP GRIRB QM[ FP
BN OKEZIN[ BKF \C[GRF IGZF[ TDZC ."EYVPF
FEKYVF .QRM\NG \C[N LKZX BN ,\GKIN TKDP
KEZI ENKF N[ ZGVKSF FKNB TKDP[ GH ,\KZJGHF
\B NGN[N LKB BXP\ ZCM FPXTP ,FNGIF
.OGI\ NMC LM .IGZF GK[MT GH KM ,GN[ \GKGMHF
,OKK\N[PPF OKPZGDF \B \ZMHF :CNYP CZF
FCZF .IJ[C USGR K\GTP[P OZGD [K NCB
NBP[ KRGDZB ,QKKRTC OKNTGV[ \G\GPTG OKRGDZB
,["GEI \\GPT .FXIPN OKPZGVZ GB ,OKPZGVZG

OB NCB .GRN[ \GESGPF N[ \GEGT\F \B OKNCYP


,KEZI QGMK\C FEPN BN ORPB[ FCG[\ \NTC [K
\G[ZEPC FEPN BKF ,KZPDN \KEZI BKF \TM NCB
BN[ QGKM ,FN OKZPGB ,FPGEMG OKN[GZK FGGR GPM
KMN .\KEZIM LC OKZKMP BN ,KEZI QGMK\C \EPN
LN\ BN BKF[ KZF OKTEGK .FJKSZCKRGBC EGPNN
OKEZIN FZYP NMC .FJKSZCKRGBC EGPNN GK[MT
EGTP GIKGGZF FP ,GNNF OKBR\F \B [K ZCM KZF
.FTKDV O[N FTKDV ?GEKSVK[ FCG[\ \GNTC FPM
GNKBM FBZR FH[ ZPGN NKDZ KRB :Z[B CZF
,G\GP OGK ETG G\EKN TDZP KEZIF OEBF \B GIYN
NM LZGBN TGDVN GSKR \K\JK[ FZGXC JG[VG
L[PF ,OKENKF \GBCXYG G\EKNP NIF :LZEF
,OKZRKPSC ,ZEKIC ZGCT ,OKENKF QDC ,QGTPC
\G[TN GXZ \GZCYF \KCC GNKVBG ,NNGMC ,FCK[KC
GHF FTXFF) ...B[KEY BZCIN FRGRZB N[ YGI
.(OKK\RKC FNVR
BN NNGM GF[P FH ,KRVD CZF ZKEDF[ KVM
\B NNGM FH :QKKXN CG[I USGR QV .K\EGYR GF[P
NMC BGF TGDVN QGKSKRF .GRN[ ZGCKXF KRGGD NM
NT GZCE .NNMF QP BXGK BNN ,KEZIF ZGCKXF KRGGD
GZCEG ,OKENKF NT GZCKE ,\GCK[KF KRCG OKMZCBF
OKEZIF N[ B[GRC OD .\GECGTF OK[RF NT
.FTKDV OKFHP GRB O[ OD ,O\SRZVN OKNPTF
(ZCT[N) ZXGBF Z[ N[ HZMP FKF :BPDGEN
\RY\P FKNVB O[ G[T ,OKZGJYZKE N[ \GZ[PN
GR\K[ ZXGBF Z[ QDS OT GRZCE .OKCZTNG OK[RN
NMC O\SRZVN OKECGTF GNB ,OKEZIN OD \GZ[VB
GNB .GNB \GZ[PC FVETF OFN FKF\[ ,FZYP
OG[ .\KZGCKX FTV[F OD USGRC QFN [K[ \GZ[P
BNB ,O\BZYN GMNF BN[ YZ BN .ZHT BN ZCE
QGGMPC ,FR[ 15-N Y\GGN \G[KZEF US \B GNTF
BN KEZI UB ZCE N[ GVGSC .OKEZIF \B QRSN
.SRMR
GN [K KM TKEGF ZXGBF Z[ QDS :\VSGR BPDGE
KRVN EGT .OKSKPF \G[ZC \G[EI \GZ[P 300
\GBP GRNXB [K .GKNB K\XZ ,QGKEF ZPDR[
OKBXPR[ GNBM GB \GKEZI OK[R ,FHN OKPKB\P[
BN SP WGTKKC ,QKGXP KN ZPGB BGF .FEGCTC ZCM
\B GRXVF EKP .\GP[F \B KN BKC\ .ZBG\ LKZX
\B GN GRZCTF .OKKEZI I"GY 250 GR\NCYG ,FH
FHC NVJP[ KPN ODG ,ZXGBF Z[ QDSN OD ,NMF
!!SRMR BN EIB .OKSKPF \G[ZC
N[ I"TXF ZCTC GR[DF GRIRB :KRVD CZF
FKNVB YGIC [K .OKECGT OKEZIN \RY\P FVETF
,OK[RN ,OKVGK\BN ,OKCZTN ,ONGMN \RY\P
F\KKF GH .FVETF KNC FXGCY QKB ,OKHGZEN
FH \B FZ[B FN[PPF .OKR[ 8 KRVN ONGT \PINP
FH ,\KPGZJ FBKZYC K\ZCTF .\PEGYF FKXREYC
FH FYGIF \ETGGC ,FYKYIN OKZ[ \ETGN TKDF
.GHF FKXREYC .ZXTR
,GKKI IZGBC KEZI BGF[ KP NM EDR OKNTGV OF
BGF OB OD .K"GEDN TP[RG ,\GGXPNG FZG\N QPBR
\GKIN LK[PK[ KP NM ,TRMKK BN[ KP NM .LZCB BN
IZGB NT FZKP[C YCEK[ KP NM ,FZGX G\GBC
GH .TDVKK BN BGF GC[ OGI\ QKB ,KEZIF OKKIF
.\"NKF O\VKB[
OKR\KB YCBPC GRB[ OKR[ ZCM :QKYXGZGS CZF
ECGT KRB ,OKIBN CN Z"GKM .CGZKYF B[GRC ,ONGP
YNI[ ,BGF CXPF .B[GRF NT \SRMF KZCI OT EIK
NMG OKRDF N[ ,T"FGRKIF N[ S"K\CP ZMKR
OF .OKKGBZ BN OKRBGGZYC OKRMG[ CGZYF \GESGP
,KRGNKI LGRKIP OKENKF \B IYKR[ OKEIVP
OKZGFF ,LM FBZR ESGPF[ TDZC[ ,OKRKCPG
B"JKN[ K"FZ QZP FH NKC[C KNGB .\GIV GIN[K
OK[NIF NM NT YCBP GFH .\SRMN K\GB IN[

ZGCT NGED KG\KVF ,OKKGBZ ORKB LGRKIF KRCP


,KRZG\ LGRKIN OFKENK \B SKRMFN BN[ OKZGFF
LK[PRG ,OKYCBR GRB LM NT .GMG ,\GCK[KN O[P
EGBP YHI \NTGV FZG\F \GEFK .\SRMC YCBKFN
.FKZVKZVN ZG[Y[ FP NMC
NMC ECGT FH LM[ QKCFN LKZX :Z[B CZF
KZF ,KNKNV YGI NT OKZCEP Z[BM OD .OKB[GRF
OFN QKB .GTRMKK BN \GCK[K KZGIC[ OKTEGK OF
BN NNMC FH .BNMN ONGM \B \IYN BRKPB BGGF
KNNG[P FKFR[ BKF O\RKICP FZJPF .B[GRF
GRB[ \GBKXPF OXT .\KYGI FRKICP \GKGMH
G\GB \B OEKXP NKCGFN FZGPB ,\GKGMH KNNG[P
GNMGK[ QGKM ,ORG[NM "FMKZCF QGYKZ" N[ LKNF\
FZKHC \GNKTVF .ZVT ET GR\GB SGPZN
\KJKZYF \GNKTVF BKF ,\KYGIF \KZBJRPNZVF
.FH B[GRC \[ZERF

... 

QBPP TDVR GF[KP[M[ ,O[GZF ZXGR OK\KTN
GB ESGPF NFRPP ,FNKFYC GB FRGM[C BGFE
TGDVN FXZK BGF ,FPYRM ,\SRMF \KC KBCDP
QKTN FBZR Z[Y NM QKB[ \GZPN .\GZKICC O"KMIC
?GHM FTVG\ OKZKCSP O\B LKB .OKZCEF QKC
FBPIPF KFGH ,ZB\P F\B[ FP :Z[B CZF
.FZG\F \GEFK \DNVPN \\N LKK[[ Z\GKC FNGEDF
BN ,FVKZ[ \XZGV Z[BM GRNXB[ FIKECF FTGEK
CNYP CZN OKZ[Y\P BNB ,[B KCMPN OKZ[Y\P
\B GRNDZF GRIRB ...[B KCMPC OKZ[YN DBEK[
LM ,OKKIF KJZVP JZV NMC \GCZGTPN ZGCKXF
NMF .\CG\MF GRIRB ,\ZZGT\P[ FKTC NMC[
FNTP FKF BN BGF ,\GZIB \GDNVPC .GRKNB ZG[Y
.FDNVPN FH \B Z[YN G\TEC
\GDNVPF NMP M"I FHKB ,L\GB NBG[ KRB
EIBN ZGHTN NKC[C YRCN TSKKG OGYK ,WZBC
KMGRBG KRVD CZF GRTSR FP QPH KRVN YZ .OKIZHBF
GRC[KG ,\GPGY 22 GRKNT ,OKECGMPF OKYRCF EIBN
GRBC[ IGJC FKF BGF .ONFC FKF BGF .NFRPF OT
ZGCT [YCN GRBC[ ZZC\PG ,FDNVPF KVSM B[GRC
QMP ZIBN .YRCC \GCGI ZKB[FG ZJVR[ OEB
OGNIC G\GB F\BZ[ FZVSG ,G\[B FZ[Y\F
KNB GZ[Y\F ,FKKZKTC ECGT K\KKF KRB[M .FXGZP
FIRFF NT ZCGEP BN .ZG\F \B OEYN NKC[C
!ZG\F \B OKEYFN ZCGEP .GZES KBEG FH ,FRGRZBC
GRB ,GRKEKC[ FP NMC .E LGZC .GRNXB CXPF FH
.TKKSN OKIP[
OD \PZGD \BHF \GCZGTPF[ ,FZGY[ FP
LM NM BN FH .OKZG[Y BN[ OKB[GRC \GRTJN
\BH OKNCYP GRBG ,FZGY FH NCB ,KJRDKNJRKB
.FCFBC
\GDNVPN SIKC \GNKTVF NT \ZCE :CNYP CZF
\GDNVPP OKM"I[ ,ZPGN YZ NGMK KRB .\GZIB
\GKRV GRKNB OKRVP UBG ,FZHTN GRKNB OKRGV \GZIB
.OFN[ ZGCKXF N[
[K[ CBH \TCDP KNB GRV :FHN Z[YFC ZVSB
QGIJKCF Z[G ,OKK\R[ OKEPGT ZCM[ OK\C FPM
N[ K\KKTCF OGYKPF CYT FKKRC Z\KF NT O\GI BN
FPM M"FSC ,ON[ JYKGZVC ZCGEP BN .ZGHBF
M"IN K\KRV .JYKGZVF \B OKN[FN LKZX[ OK\C
ZG[YF FETG Z"GKM ZKMC EKYV\C B[GRF OKGSP
NGMK BN KRB :KN ZPGB BGF FCGD\CG ,OGI\N
NTGV KRB KM ,"KNKNV FH" .B[GR FHMC CZT\FN
GRIRB ,FMM OB" GN K\ZPB .OKGSP JYKGZV \CGJN
OB ."BNMC FR[ 2000 OGK NMC GRK[TP NT OKMKZX
,KNKNV FH FKKRC Z\KF NT OG\IN GHM FZHT [YCN
DGSP FZHT N[ \GKGNKTV OGKPGK OK[GT GRIRB KZF
.FH
Z[Y\P :FEPIR FJGEYRB :QKYXGZGS CZF
YRC .OMN[ YRCF OT \GZX KN [K ,KN ZPGBG EIB
KRB .KN ZGHT\ F\B ,FDNVPN \SRMR GK[MT ..K"DBV

KRVN FKF[ FPN CXPF \B ZKHIFN FXGZ KRB ,ZPGB


FPN CXPF \B ZKHIFN CKKI KRB[ ,ZPGB KRBG ,KRVD
,OM\B OKMKZX GRIRB FH NKC[C .EKVN KRVN FKF[
QP FNKNI JP\[K BN[ ,OKZIGCF ZGCKX \B
.FEGYV OGKC FMZTPF
TDGRC Z\GK JTP JZVN KN F[Z\ :CNYP CZF
TGZDF CXPF OXTC .\GKZIBFG FT[F ECGMN
CXPC ."SGSF NT" FKF EKVN Z[BM FKF Z\GKC
.ZGP[K E ,GXVI NM \B OK[DFN GEKC FKF ,FHF
.FHF CXPF \B ZGXTN \K[BZ GRKEKC FNT E"SC
FPMN OG[KKF \B \GIEN GRINXF ,QG[BZ CN[C
GRNTV ,KR[F CN[C .GN[ OKKEKFP YIZF .OKR[
\TMG ,FXGIF YZHR EKVN ,FN[PPF \B NKVFN
GRIRB QBM NCB ,FJG[V BN .Z\GK FNY LZEF
FZTYF \B LGVFNG ,K[KN[F CN[N BGCN OKNGMK
NEGD \B QKCK[ .ZGCKXC KGN\ FH NM NCB .FKV NT
\B GRN Q\KKG ,\GTP[PF \B OKRVK[ ,\GKZIBF
NT \NJGPF F[GEYF FPK[PF \B OKN[FN IMF
.GRV\M
.FKKVMC SGKD EDRM FPINP NT OKZCEP O\B
EDRM \G[TN GNMG\ FP ?OKKG\KVF B[GR OT FP
?OKSKKD\PN USM GR\K BN[ [GZEN LKK[ KMG ,FH
BN .OK\V\P BN FZG\F KEPGN :CNYP CZF
G"I EGPNN GYKSVK BNG !OKVSM NNDC OKEPGN
KEPGNN \\N O\GB Z\GV BN FH !CKXY\ QKB[M
.\GMHC OFN TKDPF \B FZG\F
GNB NT OKZCEP Z[BM :QKYXGZGS CZF
NT ZYKTC OKZCEP ,FNKNI \G\V\FN OKNGNTF
\GNKTVF \KJRGGNZ FH QKKRTN .Z\GK OK[NIF GNB
OT EIK ,KBPXTF LGRKIFG OKIBN CN N[ FMGZCF
,\GE[C[ OTF CZYC OKNTGVF OKRGDZBF Z\K
\GESGPN OFKRC \B IGN[NG ,FZG\N O\GB ZCIN
\GCK[KN M"IBG ,\G[ZEPN ,[EGYF \ZFJ NT
\SRMC GRN[ IMF ,OEGYP K\ZMHF[ KVM .OKNNGMNG
N[PN Z[BM .GH \GNKTVN TDGRC EBP ET K\GTP[P


: 
 
  
   
 

  . 
 
  ,
  
    .
 ,   .
   
.

 : 
  
  
  
  
,  "
    
 .  
.  
  ,    
.   
.   

BN FCK[K ZGIC UB FBNF FKFK OD LMG !SKKGD


.SKKGDK
.OKR[F LZGBN FPXT \B FIKMGF GHF LZEF
OKYCBP [K[ OKR[ \GZ[T .\GZGZC QF \GNCYF
OKNGTG OKPXT\P OF QPHN QPHP ,FHF B[GRF NT
:QBM ZCGEP FPC CN OK[ .\ZCGT FZKK[FG = FHBV
GKFG ,FKXKHGVGBC GRKKF[M FHF CXPC GNKVB
UB M"VTB ,FH SKSC NT \GZKICN GMNF[ \GDNVP
LK[PP FZG\F ONGT FCZEBG ,SKKGD BN ZGIC
.NGEDN
GRN F[T GRKEK OXGTG GRIGM FNKNI ZPGB BN KRB
KNGEDN [K[ BKP[E B\TKSF GH .FHF NKIF \B
FIJCFF GH ,OFN[ FNGTVF KMZEC NBZ[K
,GTZH KVP IM[\ BN KM FZG\F ONGT \B FGGNPF
= FNGEDF \GMHF GRN F\KKF = GRKMH GRIRB NCB
OKIKN[F \GKFN ,OKR[ \GZ[T ZCM ZPGN Z[VB
GH ,\MZXRF \GNE\[FF \B NTGVC GTXC[
.GHF FINXFF \B BKCFN ZGRKXF F\KKF[
\B FNKCGF FZG\F \GEFK[ OKTEGK ONGM
ZPGNG ZKFXFN NGMK KRB QMN ,OKR[F NM FHF B[GRF
FCK[K ZGIC UB F"HTC GRN[ \ZP[PC :\GZGZC
KEPGN N[ OEPTPC KGRK[ OG[ FKFK BN .SKGDK BN
ET GRINXF[ GPM .FKFK[ BGF FKF[ FPG ,FZG\F
\K BZGCF \IJCF .FBNF OD IKNXR F"HTC ,OGKF
OKNNV\PG OKGGYP GRIRBG ,GR\GB \GGNN FMK[PP
GRGZHT FRF ET .GRKZIB \GBCF \GZP[PN OD
GRKYGNB E GR[J\ NBG LKESI GRGCHT BNG LKPIZ
.IXRN
NMM[ BGF OKRKCP ORKB OK[RB[ FP NCB
IM Z\GK GRN FKFK LM ,\SRMC IM Z\GK GRN FKFK[
\GZPN BNF[ .ZP[PF NT EGPTNG NGTVN
FTKDV F\KKF NCB ,GTDV BN NTGVC OKEPGNC[
F\ZJP GHM FTKDV[ QKCFN LKZXG .OKCKXY\C
BN ORPB .FZG\F KEPGN ZVSPC FTKDVN OGZDN
GRD[F[ OKZCEC GTDV NCB ,OGPKRKPC GTDV
ZKHIFN OKGGYP GRB[ OKZCE ,\GPEGY \GKXREYC
EKVN ,\ZIB \GRPEHFC K\ZPB ZCM[ KVM .F"HTC

UB BNB ,OKZCE OGNCNG \GNGGT QY\N YZ BN NMGR


\CGJN ,GR\CGJN OKKCGKI OKZCE UKSGFNG OGHKN
\GEFK[ KVMG ,NNMC KEZIF ZGCKXFG FZG\F ONGT
.OKR[F NM LZGBN FNKCGF FZG\F
\GKFN NGMK .\VSGR FEGYR FR[K :CNYP CZF
\B[ OKTEGK \SRMC NCB ,IM FN [K[ FDNVP
GPEZKK OF[ Z[VB .IXRN Z[VB FN[ O"KMIF
.UGSC GZC[KK OFG ,O\GB [K\FN Z[VB ,FZKP[C
ET ZB[KR GRIRB[ OKTEGK FZG\F \GEFK NXB
ZYGCF NT[ OKTEGKG ,FNKNF N[ \GRJYF \GT[F
,\GBN BNN .ZP[PF NT OKEPGT .O[ ZCM GRIRB
[K\P FH .OKTRMR OF GHF FZGXC .Z\GGN KNCG
GH ,SVB P"TP B[GRC OFN GRK[T[ FP .O\GB
QPHC OD GRTDF ,\GBKN BNN .LMN \RKGXP BPDGE
\GKGDKK\SF KVNB OT O\GB GR[\F ,FZDVF
FH ZCE N[ GVGSC .OFN SBPR[ ET ,OKNKDZ\G
Z[VBP[ FP ,GHF FTZF FN[PPF \NKVRN NKCGF
NKM[K ZGCKXF OB ,CXPF \B \GR[N E"SC GRN
GRBG = \KJKZYF FMZTPN IMF NMC SKKD\FN
.NKM[K QMB BGF[ OKIGJC
,ZYGCC OKZGV \ZIPN FR[ KRVN :BPDGE UKSGB
BKCN FHKNT .OK[R CGNK[ N[ B[GRC FETGG F\KKF
KPN FVETF \\N LNFP FNKCGF EK\T [KP
NM GR[DF .\KNBVKXKRGP FPK[ZC OK[R CN[P[
\B TGRPN FSKR KJV[PF WTGKFG ,\GKGDKK\SF QPHF
OT OKRGVNJC QPHF NM K\KKF .GRN[ \GKGDKK\SFF
NT .ONGP F[\F \PINPC ,FETGGF N[ P"FTGKF
,Z\GGN OKRMGP BN GRIRB[ GBZ OF[M .UKTS NM
,UGSF ET LNR GRIRBG ,FNKNC OD OKBXPR GRIRB[
.EZK FH
\GRMS GNKB OPXTN OKZB\P ORKB OK[RB
FMK[PP F\KKF FN[PPF OB .YZVF NT \GEPGT
\GNTC \GKEZI \GRC ,OK[EGI FPM EGT OKKY\FN
GKF BN OF .BCXFP ZGJV \GNCYP GKF BN FCG[\
IKRF IN[ ZVT[ YGI FH .\GRC SGKD ZGJVC \GNNMR
.ZXTR FH FNVR FN[PPF[ NNDCG ,QIN[F NT ZCM

   


FKXREYFP \KEZIF FTEG\C CGZX[ B[GRF
EXKM .ZCT[ KVM ZCT[ SGKDF YGI BGF ,FRGZIBF
KVY[PC FH B[GRC \GEEGP\FF \B OKBGZ O\B
?EK\T KRV FVGX JCPCG = ZCTF
FNKCGP[ FPINPF BGF FHF B[GRF :KRVD CZF
QVGBC KRBG ,OGKF ETG FRKEPF OGYP FZG\F \GEFK
OTVN OTVP .FR[ 20-P FNTPN QKKRTC NKTV K[KB
OTVF QP ZGPI Z\GK OTVF .Z\GK ZGPI F[TR FH
ZGPI Z\GK FKF FH \PEGYF OTVC ODG ,\PEGYF
\B GRPHC NJKC W"DCF Z[BM ,QM KRVN FKF[ FPP
OGKF ETG HBP ,NMF \GZPNG .QM KRVN FKF[ ZESFF
:\KTP[P EI BKF CXPF \RGP\ ,LZEF NM LZGBN
BN[ YZ BNG .OGKF ET SKGD BN FCK[K ZGIC UB
[NK[G NKVMF ,IZVG NED FZG\F ONGT[ BNB ,SKGD
OKNNGMFG \GCK[KF .GHF FVGY\C BYGGE GPXT \B
,\PXT\P FRMSF[ QGMR FH .ZMF KNCN GPXT\F
GRRKTN ONGB ,Z\GK OKSRP OF LM OKNED GRB[ NMMG
."INXK BN LKKNT ZXGK KNM NM" YGSVF OKKY\P
KRGNKI M"I KN ZPB LMN Z[YFC :Z[B CZF
OKZ[T ,OMN[ OKPMIF OKRCZF OT OKEZIF O\B"
GRKNT OKECGT .UBC GR\GB OKM[GP O\B FR[
YZ O\B IJ[CG ,\GBISGRG OKYGI FCZF .OKKRKTC
."OKNED
OKJZVN QBM SRMB BN[ QCGPM :KRVD CZF
KRB KM ,FKFK LKBG FKF LKBG FKF FP N[ OKYKGEP
\B OKJZVP BN .GRN[ OKCKGBN Y[R Q\GR BN
KYI[P"C BN GRIRB .FPINP \T[C FKDJZJSBF
G\GB ,KRKXZG K\KPB YCBPC QBM ZCGEP ."FPINP
,\GKZIBC OKNKCGP .\GCZ OKR[ ZCM OKNKCGP GRB
.NBZ[K KNGED N[ FEGPXF O\MZEFCG ,\GZKFHC
BN FCK[K ZGIC UB OGKF ET :ZPGN NGMK KRB \BH

 "  "   54

.GR\KBP EIBG EIB NMN FRGV KRB .BKP[E


."\SRMN GF[KP SKRMP" BN F\B :GRN[ ZGCKXFP
.FEGCTF \B LZGCT G[TK[ OKIKN[ ING[ F\B
BKCPG FH TDZC OY FH \B QKCP[ KP .LN[ FEGCTF
\GIKN[F \B BNPN NMGR F"HTC[ KEM ,EIB EGT
.GRNGM N[
\PINP \VGY\ KZIB ,OTVF :CNYP CZF
-XREYP FRG[C[ KZF FKXKHGVGBF KNSVSP F[\F
QBM QKB[ QKCP G[BZC GKRKT[ KP NM ,\GZIB \GK
LZGX FH .NGMKCM ,FDNVPF NKC[C FH[ EX OG[
,LN[ FNKFYF NKC[C ,LN[ ZGCKXF NKC[C KPGKY
OGKYF \GMH NKC[C .LN[ FIV[PF NKC[C
!\KSKSCF
UYKF \RKICP[ ,ZPGNG UKSGFN YZ NGMK KRB
\PKK\SP GC OGYPC[ KZF \GNKTVF \PXGTG
FNKI\P O[ ,OKZIBF OKM"IF N[ \GNKTVF
OKEY\ QKB .FZG\F \GEFK KZCI N[ \GNKTVF
OKNKCYP BNG ,TZG IB FHN QKB .\BHM \GNKTVN
.\GYVSN OGYP QBM QKB .FDNVP OG[C
FZGXC FDNVPF \B \GBZN LKZX :Z[B CZF
ZCEN EZIF KEGFKF \GKGMHN FTGR\M FJG[V KMF
CKCS OKCCGS GKKI[ ZGCKX N[ FTGR\ .O[F
QBM OKKY\FN NMGK[ GK\GKGMHN DBGEG ,FZG\F
F\B ,GNBF \GZKICC .FH NNDC GTDVKK BN[ .FHMM
.QBM FKI\ F\B LKB TCY\
BN KRB ,BC KRB GRPP OGYPFP :QKYXGZGS CZF
FCK\ NMC FBGZ KRB ,KVNY N[ QGJZY \SVGY FBGZ
F[ZEP ,FE[F KZTC KRZG\ S"KC KVNY N[
N[ FHZMF KFGH .\GZKTXN FK[ZEP GB ,OKZKTXN
\B Q\KK[ FP FH ."NBZ[K KYGNB EC ZIGC KRB"
,EIBG EIB NM N[ ,CGZKYF \GNTVC LK[PFN IMF
KPN OKZPGB GRIRB[ GPMG .IEKR GRPP IEK K\NCN
,EIB EGT GBKCK[ ,KRZG\F LGRKIC EPGNG BXPR[
G\KB BKCK EIB NM[ .QBM GHKZMF K"GED[ FP OD FH
.EIB EGT
GR\GB U\[N QKYXGZGS CZF [YCP ,OGKSNG
FRGZIBN KN I[ \GZKICN Z[YFC" :QKET [DZFC
,OKR[ NCGK KXIN CGZY FKK[TN KV\G[G K\KPT
GKEK[ [KBF ,FCG[\F \TGR\ N[ NPSFG \GPEF
OFKCBN OKTG\ OKIB \C[FC GN CZ LM NM
GNKVB" KM ,B"JKN[ ZFGH KZGB CZF = OKP[C[
OD ,EGDZVF KZGIBP ,FZ\SFF LG\C[ FZ\SFC
KVM TKCXFN = LZC\K E [K[ ZGMHN LKZX O[
[EYNG B"JKN[ NBZ[K KNGED QRCZG QRZP GZGF[
."OKP[ O[

[BZ QZP[ QPHF KM [KDEFN [KG :Z[B CZF


BGF ,CGZKY N[ OKB[GRN [KEYP B"JKN[ FCK[KF
ONXB KM ,OKN[GZKC GB C"CC S"K\CP \GIV BN
BN OF FH KNC .[PP [VR KKI FH LGRKIF K\C
.NNMC JKKY[KEKBN OKMKK[
-P[RF \GRG[ \GRTJN OKSIKK\P OMRKB TGEP
?OKRG[ OKRGGKMP \GT
NM KZIB .EBP BNV\P KRB :CNYP CZF
NMN \GTGEK QRKF QEGSKC[ QBM GZMHGF[ \GECGTF
NT F[\F \PINP QBM \NFR\P KM ,CZ KC ZC
Z[BM ,FZG\F ONGTN Z\GKC OKKNZGDF OKB[GRF

N[ GVGSC 10% QMG ,OKCZTN 10% .OKRGNKIN 80%


BKF OKZCEF \GTP[P ..FZG\F ONGTN OD ZCE
,LNGY \B \\R BN OB .TKCXP BN[ IZHB QKB[
,FZYP NMC IYNR NGYF .NGYF \B LN GIYN
ONGTN 10% G\GB \\N OBF YZ BKF LN[ FZKICF
.100% GB ,FZG\F
LKZX QKKET F"T[\ \GZKICC OB :CNYP CZF
FZKHD \PBC KFGH ,OKTRPR NTG \G[KEB NT ZCEN
FZHGP FTVG\ ZKCSFN LKB TEGK KRRKB .EBP F[Y
OF KMG FKXRDKNJRKB KNTC OK[RBC ZCGEP KZF .GHM
?G"I \GKFN NGNT[ FP GB FKF[ FPN OKTEGP BN

  :  


    , 
  ,  
 "  
 ,
 ,
  .

."     "
OBF ,"OF GB GRIRB GB" BGF B[GRF[ NMN ZGZC
FNTP[ \GGXPG FZG\ ZPG[ OEB [K \BH NM KZIB
OGYPC EKVNN JERP \VSG\ FHM CXPC[ G\TE NT
ONGTN GB GN NKTGK[ FP FH ,FZG\F \GEFKN
ZGPB KRB OBF ,LM C[GI[ KP [K OBG ?FZG\F
?GHM FTE OT SPNV\FN
?ZGCKXN OMN[ ZSPF GFP ,OGKSN
OKCKGBF NGP GRNTV \GZGEF NMC :KRVD CZF
KMZE \B GZGF \GZGEF KNGED ZGEG ZGE NMCG ,GRN[
\GZGEF KNGED .QKKRTF KVNG OGYPF KVN YCBPF
NM .\GZKICF FH FPINPF KMZE[ K"BC QBM GZGF
\B GZGCT OKNFRP OF[ OKIKN[ ING[ EIBG EIB
OK[GEYF ,OKCG[IF OKZCEF NM NT FPINPF
YNIC QFG ,OPXTC OKKRIGZF OKZCEF QF .OKZYKFG
GRKKI OKPKKY\P GKNT SKSCF ,\GKP[DF N[
.OKKRIGZF
FKXNJSRGY NMC ,ZGZC FKFK[ ,ZPGB KRB QMNG
-XKHGVGBC QKC FKXKNBGYC QKC ,ZXGGK\[ \KJKNGV
B\TKKSC IKNXRG ,GRIGM NMC OINKR GRIRB ,FK

55 "  "  


,FKZVKZVC TRM[N \MNN OGYPC[ QKPBP BN KRB


OB .GRN[ ZGCKXF \B BKCFNG TRM[N EGT LKZX KRB
-EKYV\G FZZ[ LG\P Z[GTF QGKSKRP OKTKDP GRKKF
FRF NCB ,DZJYN OK[YCPF GNBM KNGB [K KHB ,OK
NMC GRPINRG ,EKYV\ OG[ GRN FKF BN KZF ,GK[MT
EGT FP .OKZYKFG OK[EGYPF OKZCEF NM NT IMF
NT QBM EPGT FP OK[RBN ZGZC FKFK[ KEM LKZX
!?OKKRHBPF UM
NT ZPBR[ FP NMN ZCTP :QKYXGZGS CZF
LG\P FEGYR UKSGFN FXGZ KRB ,FTCXFF \GCK[I
N[ \KPGYPF \GTP[PF :GRPP BC KRB[ ONGTF
OB .\GK\E QRKB[ OKZTC \GNKTVF KCDN ,NGY NM
IM \GIV GRN [K ,\GNGY 114 [K N[PN FNPZC
,O"KMI OT GNXB K\KKF KRB .ZKTF [BZN BGCN
.OKRCP FPM OMN \\N NGMK BN KRB GRN ZPGB BGFG
OMN[ LGRKIF ?ZKTC QBM OMN GKF \GNGY FPM
DXKKP F\B OB .OMN[ \GNGYF ZVSPP Z\GK FCZF
NMC NGTVN NMG\ GPKT ,IM LN [K ,\GNGY FCZF
.OGYPG OGYP

NCB ,GRKNB ZG[Y BN FH[ \GRNCSC GN ZKCSP


YPI\P QKYXGZGS ZPGB G\GB TPG[ KRB M"IB
...??KN ZGHTN NGMK BN BGF OFN[ YRCC .KRPP
GNB \GRTJC OKBC OK[RB .FRG[P ZCE QBM [K
TKCXFN OKMNGF \BH \GCYTC OKPTVNG ,\GZIBG
OFP GNCYK BN[ \GBEGGC OKTEGK OF[ OK[RBN
\K[DZ FEGYR JG[V GH .OFN[ \GKTCC FZHT OG[
EZGSCBF \GZPN ,GHF FZGXC \BXGK[ ZGPZP N[
.ZCEC[
EIB UB NGMK BN OGKPGKF KKIC :KRVD CZF
\GEFK N[ OKM"IN FZHTN K\KRV ,EKDFNG BGCN
FR[P BNG ,ZHTR FRGV[ KP NM .KN GZHT BNG, FZG\F
TJY[ QGZIBF QGVNJF .FKSGNMGBC QGGD FHKBP
NVJP KRB[ B[GRC FKF ,QBM QGKEF TXPBC K\GB
GHKB OFN [K[ OKN[GZKP \GRC K\[ QKKRTC \TM GC
NMC[ OK[TP GNB .GC \GEPGN[ ESGPF OT FKTC
.OGK
N[ CGBMF B[GRC \GTDGR \GRTJF QP YNI
\B GNCYK[ OKXGZ OK[RB .LGRKIF \GESGPN FNCY
.FINXF BNNG ,OKPKGSP \GESGPN OFKENK
\NCY B[GR NM[ QKCFN LKZX :CNYP CZF
KRGZYTF KMGRKIF JCKFFP CMZGP OKEKPN\
GRKNB OKZG[Y ORKB OCGZCG \K[KBF FPB\FFG
BN ESGPF NFRP GNKVB OKZYPFP FCZFC M"GPM
JKNIP[ "OKZGF ETGG" GR[K OKPTVN .TGCYN NGMK
\B [K FHM[ ETGG NMN .K\GZKZ[ QVGBC
OK[KDZP K[KB QVGBC GRIRB .GN[ OKRGKZJKZYF
OKZB[R[ \IB GB EIB NM .FKTCF \B OKCBGMG
OKRKCP GRIRB .G\IV[P NTG GKNT GRN CBGM ,\KCC
QBN QKBG ,QMGP YK\F \B \GBZN F[Y FH FPM ET
FNI\FF KK[YC OKBXPR ONGM[M ..G\KB EGTXN
OFN[ K[GYF[ GNBM OR[KG ,F[EIF FR[F N[
QM GRIRB[ FPC .CBGMG F[Y .KZPDN ZIB BGF
OKNTGV OKSRP QMB GRIRB ,TKV[FN OKNGMK
.OKNTGVG OKZHGIG
K[RBM \G[TN OKNGMK GRB[ FP :Z[B CZF
OKB\P[ ESGP OKYFN OKXGZ[ FZYPC BGF ,ZGCKX
EKTFN OKNGMK GRIRB GNBF OKZYPC .OKKGSP QGRDSN
.Z[VB[ FP NMC TKKSN IMF NMC GRSKKD\F QMB[
FZGY[ FP .LZXR[ FP NMCG ,OKRCPC ,OKZG[KBC
FPM ZIBNG ,ESGP OKYFN GRZHT[ FH ,OKPTVN
SRMKFN GXZ[ GNBM SKRMFN OFP GR[YKC[M ,OKR[
..GRBKP ZCM OF = O[N
[K[ \TEN LKZX FHF OGI\C :QKYXZGS CZF
,NCY\FN FXGZ[ KP OFC OKZYP OR[K .OKDGS KR[
,ESGPF \B QKKVBPF ZGCKXN OKB\P GRRKB[ \PBC
OKKGN\ ORKB[ GNBM .OKKCKJYKKCGB OKPTJP
\PBC BNB ,OKK\GZKZ[ OKNNMC GB \GPDKJSC
[YCP[ KPN G\PB\FCG OGYPF N[ KPKRVF KVGBC
OKZYPC QMB GRZTXN ,\BH \PGTN .NCY\FN
,FYEXF BNN \GPDKJSN OKNVJR[ OR[K ,OKPKKGSP
FCK[KF [BZ QZP LM NT YTH ZCM[ TGEK[ KVMG
\BZKP BNG FGGBDG FGGBDP TCGR FH[ ,B"JKN[
.OKP[
FXGZ KRB FHF QGKEN TDGRC :CNYP CZF
NGB[N \GZKIC \VGY\C KPKJKDN FH :[KDEFN
QGKEF LG\P NCB .\GCYGR \GNB[ ODG ,\GNB[
ZPZGPP ZGCKXF GNKBM \KNKN[ FKXJGRGY FZXGR
OKNCYP GRIRB .\KTJGP FKKBZ GHG .\ZGYKC GN [KG
FMZTFFP \GKCGKIF \GCGD\FP ZGCKXFP IMF \B
ZKYGFN TEGK[ ZGCKXF \B LKZTP KRBG EGEKTFG
.LKZTFNG
?OKTRPRNG OK[KEBN ZPGN OMN [K FP
:OYGKE NT OKZCE EKPTFN FXGZ KRB :KRVD CZF
FDGFRF FJK[C ,TKCXP BN[ OEB FRKEPC QBM QKB
BN[ GB LRGXZP ,TKCXP BN F\B OB ,FRKEPC QBM
NMN OKGSP I\VP KVN YNI\P LN[ NGYF ,LRGXZP
ONGB ,\ZIB FH[ \GRKEP [K .\GZIBF \GDNVPF
TKCXP OXTC F\B ZPGNM .QBM OKYGIF KVN FH LM

" " 

           "
  
            .          
. " "      "  
 "   ,   
    &      
      

|}\GCK[K KRC IKPXP[ WGXKR .OKYHI\P OKZKTX OT \G[ZEPC}|

"  :  
"

\GT[C FKR\R ZKTF \B \GTCGX NGIF \GVGS
OKPKC .HT OGIC ,FNGM WZBF \B GPM ,GNB
-C[G OKZCGTC OKSGPT \GCGIZF ,Z\GK OKZKFC
OF ,OFK\CC OKRGVS OFP OKCZ F\T .OK
YCBF OT TDPP Q\KRF NMM TRPKFN OK[YCP
BYGGE [YCP QKYXGZGS CZF .OKKRKTC CZGXF
N[ \K[BZC KPK O\GB NB K\GIMGRC CG[N ,F\T
.ZKTC GN[ \KRZG\F FKK[TF
= "OKNNGT" FZG\F EGPN\C ?NKI\FN FPC
FNKFYF KENK ZGCT GK\GTCXB Z[TC OKYF[
GB[P \B[ CYTK \KC QGMK\C .ZKTC \KRZG\F
\NKFYC ,OKR[F LNFPC GPXT NT FJT KVSMF
,F\IKZVG F\PYFN UIGE BGF[ OKMZCBF
\PZ \RGM[C[ \SRMF \KCC ,OXTC ,KNGBG
CZM QKYXGZGS CZF [P[P GC[ OGYPF = OKZVB
EDBN IKNXP BGF GCG OKR[ 27-M FHP FRGM[F
,\GRG[ \GETP ,OKRG[ OKNFYP OK[RB GKEIK
QPKSN FMVF[ = \EIGKPF G\GK[KB \ZHTC
.GN[ JNGCF ZMKFF
OKN[GZK EKNK GPXT \B BXGP ZKFC OGKC
KVGB \NTC ZKTC ,OKKRZG\F FK\GESGP LKRIG
?FM ET GN NDZGF BN[
BN ,\KPGYPF \GBKXPF" :QKYXGZGS CZF
FRGM[C KNT FVNI K\GENK .KZGCT FZH F\KF
FC GKI .FCGZC KRGNKI KVGB \NTC = FKCIZ
NKECFN ,EXN ,\K\ZCIF FJKNBF N[ \GIV[P
FXYC .FZG\ KNGED N[ \GIV[P ,\GNECF KVNB
,OKN[GZK N[ FCZ N"XH KJNGH C"ZDF ZD CGIZF
N"XH USGK T"Z NGEDF QGBDF LGPSF CGIZC
KZT[ \RGM[ = [KCMN ZCTPG ,QGKXN QG[BZF

FNGEDF G\GNKTV \T F\GBC FNIF ,NKCYPC"


NT IXKR[ [KBF ,B"JKN[ ZFGH KZGB CZF N[
FRGP[ EIB QGPHV N[ FNGEDF \ZGPH\F
OG[KZN OKZGEK[F KPK ,IM[R K\NCF ...\GBP
."OKIBN CN QDZB[ OKENK
KENKN QDC UGIE LZGX ZXGR EBP ZFP"
,OKNED OKENKF ,QD EGTG QD ,CGZKYF \GIV[P
!?QGKPJN EZK NMF OBF .ZVS-\KC NKDN OKTKDPG
GPM F[TR NMF .GKF BN OKRBGGZY GNKVB ,HB
GRB[ LG\ ,FNKN QG[KBC KB[I KBCX TXCPC
FKKZKTF K[RB N[ \G[NGCF OFKRKTP OKZ\\SP
."HBE
ZVSF \KC TEK ,HBP" ,QKYXGZGS CZF LK[PP
KRVN YCBPF TKDF GBK[N .OKNY BN OKYCBP
\BIP N[ FPGXKTC FH FKF ,OKR[ TCZBM
UZJXF ,FRF TKDF KRVD CZF M"I .OKNFBF
.FKKZKTF QKKRC NGP FRDVFNG YCBPN GRKNB
,FBZ\ :KN ZPB OKENKF OT EIK ETGX BGF[M
OKKRKCF EPTP EGTC = LGVF ONGT FHKB
KENK ,K\ZCI YEX FXGZ OTF :YTGH QKYRKK[P
FEGFK ZGB KENK :OK[YCPG OKETGX FEGFK-ZGB
\GZ\GM GTKVGF ZCM ,\ZIPN .KMGRKI YEX OKXGZ
,OKNFGBF N[ YEGXF YCBPF \B :ISGRC
."OKENKN USM JGISN OKEZIF OKNXRP
OKRCPC EGPNN KRZG\F KENKN ZGSB ,FP HB"
IGN[N GZIC OFKZGF[ NNDC YZ ,OKPKB\P
"!?QDGP KRZG\ CIZPN O\GB
FMVFPF KFGH .WZBF NMC FKF FH LM"
."OG[KZF \MVFP .Z\GKC FNGEDF
NB K\BZYR ,LM O[N OD ,Z\KF QKC[ FBZRM"
F[TB .B"JKN[ FCK[KF [BZ QZP KEK NT NDEF
ZESP EZK BN B[GRF[ \RP NT Q\KRF NMM F"KB
FRCP FKFK FEGFK ZGBC .\SRMC K\ZCIF OGKF
.\GXZIRC ZKFXP BGF ,"ZVSF \KCN KGBZ

|}FNKFYF NMN FMVFP .FEGFK ZGBC ZVSF \KC KENK OT}|

ZPGIF NT QICPC O\GB EKPTFN GRPP OK


,NSF NB \GTKNYP OKZCGT OF ,EBP ZFP .EPNRF
QKRYF KMZEN \GTDGRF = \GYKGEP \GVKNXN
IZGBF O\GB ZD\BP QFC[ \GVSGR \GNB[NG
QKC ,K\KCF [ZDPC \PZGH FKPKM FCZF .KGXPF
OFP FKF KM ET ,OKEKPN\F QKCN QKYXGZGS CZF
.ZT[C-EPGTF QICPC GEKPTFN TKXF[ KP
OD INX BGF ,GKRV NT NGED LGKI[MG \GKTCJC
.FHF QGKSKRF \B
QICPF" ,OKEKPN\N ZPGB BGF ,"QMB"
FKFB[ OKXVI NBZ[K KNGED .GRKRVN EGT K\KPBF
,\KZGCKXF FKK[TF [ZDPC OD OKXGNIFP EIB
."FNGED \GKZIB GH
N[ \GNKTVF BNF ,FEGFK ZGB BYGGE TGEP
?WZBF NM \GTGZH \YCGI "OKIBN-CN"
QZP .D"R[\ \R[C NIF NMF" :QKYXGZGS CZF
,FNGEDF G\BKZYC HB BXK ,N"YGXH L[ P"BZDF
OFKIB \B YHING \BXN OKMZCBF QP [YKC FC
GVZJXF FBKZYN .FZG\ O\KB EGPNN ,\GE[C[
["KZDF QZPG N"YGXH LBCZTKGB H"[ZDF QZP
."OKNGED OKEF FZZGTG N"YGXH CK[KNB
\MZC \CK[K NB OD TKDF OKHMZFP EIB"
FMGPSF KYSCJSGV B"ZDF \G[BZC YIXK
CZF \B [ZEPF \KCP FBKXKC [DVG ,QBMN
,S"FKC NFRP OGKMG ZKTX LZCB HB ,CKNJGD YIXK
.ZKTC NTV\[ FXGCY QDZBN GPXT NT NCKY[
.FVRT \GNKTV FK\GCYTC FBKCF F[KDV F\GB
HB OKKY\F[ SGRKMN \GEGF QMP ZIBN TGC[M
-ZJXF ,B"JKN[ FCK[KF [BZ QZP \GV\\[FC
KRCC OKEPGNF KCGJP OKCZ OKPMI KEKPN\ GV
YGST CKNJGD CZF GPXT \B BXP LM .YZC
\B JGGRP BGF[ LG\ ,ZKTF \GCGIZ KGVKPC
\GGXY NMN = FRF OKKR[G FRF OKKR[ ,OKMZCBF
."ZKTF

KZTK .C :OGNKX

ENGRKZD NBGP[

= QKYXGZGS ZHTKNB CZF N[ SGPTF GPGK ZES


[BZ QZP N[ G\KCC QKYK\G \NKV\C I\VR
FPGKSC .B"JKN[ QPRKJ[ N"KBZDF FCK[KF
KTCZ \[GN[M \C FMGZB FIK[N GPT ETGR
-ZTGCF GKRKKRT YZVF NT GNT FMNFPC[ ,FT[F
."OKIBN-CN" QGDZB N[ OK
OT QKYXGZGS CZF KKRVC I[ ,"FH FKF"
FPKB\PF FIK\VF" ,FBCF FRI\C GC K\[KDV
IGMF \RI\ \BXPR QBM .FHM[ OGKN Z\GKC
FJPF QBM .GR\EGCTN \GKDZRBF \B FPKZHPF
\BXGK QBMP .OKYGIZ CGZKYN FKK[TF N[
OKTKDP QBMN .FCG[\F \TGR\N FBZGFF
CGZKYN-CZTF KNNGMG FZG\F KZGTK[ KV\\[P
OKTKDP QBMN .\G\MSPF KPGKS EPTP \B LGZTN
KRZG\ LGRKI \\N OK[YCPF OKENKN OKZGF
\IK\VN TGXKCF \GBZGF \GBXGK QBMP .OFKENKN
OKTKDP QBMN .OKKRZG\ ZVS K\CG OKENK KRD
BZPDF \B NCYN = OKYHI\PF OKZKTXF
.F[GEY FCK[KN O\SKRMC OFN[ FRG[BZF
B"JKN[ FCK[KF [BZ QZP N[ GCKNG G\KC
,\KRIGZF FRGGMFC FNKNG OPGK GRN OKIG\V
NMN OK[ZERF OKPGXTF OKCB[PN FDBECG
FPK[PF KNT FNJGF QBM .GHF FNGEDF FEGCTF
KIGN[ = KK\KPTN UZJXFN KKI N[ GH FRI\C
."CGZKYF \GNKTV L[PFN FDBEF \KHIN QRCZE

  : 


F\T OKKGXP ,ZVSF \KCC ,QBM .FEGFK ZGB
NDZGEM YI[P N[ GPGXKTC ZVSF \KC KENK
,[ZDPC QKYXGZGS CZF N[ G\TVGF OT .NS ZGEMG
-[YCPG ,ZGEMF \B OK[JGR ,OKENKF GKNB OKXB

 "  "   56

|}FKR\RC FNKFYF N[ FIKPXF .QNKB N[ GK[ZG[ ."OKNNGT" FZG\ EGPN\ KENK OT}|

CG[KK OGYP NMC OGKF OKBXPR ,OKVSGR


."Y"FZBC
OKK\ZYGK OKKRGMK\ ZVS K\C \GNFRPG KNFRP"
,FYSVFC FIRP \NKV\ OT EEGP\FN OKXNBR
OKZGF .\GVKM K[CGIG \KXKX K[CGN OKEKPN\ OT
FCK[KN LNGFG NMF CHGTF QC OT OKEEGP\PF
\GZ[T .FKKI \GIZGB FR[PF \C OTG F[GEY
OKZKTXN \GKEGTKK \G[GEY \GCK[K N[ \GCZ
."OGYP NMC \GIZGV OKYHI\P
FZGEFP ZGCKXN OK[KDP GRB FR[ NMC"
WCGY = FZG\C OKYHI\P ZVSF N[ \VSGR
KZDGC KEK NT THKC C\MR[ FZG\ K[GEKI
FPMG FPM EXKM \GBZN QKRZP KMF .\G[ZEPF
N[ FPNGTN GTKDF OPXT OF ,\G[ZEPF KRCZP
."F[ZEP F\GB LG\P FZG\

  : 
,\GNKTV SGPT OGK OGKSN ,CGJ Z\GK FP
LZGT[ \CFNRF OKRVF \NCYC \GHIN Z[BP
,FMVFPF \B OKNKCGPF OKMZCBN QKYXGZGS CZF
.\KNKT QKTKEGP ZKTF N[ FKZT[C OKSRMR OF \T
KFGH .OKC[ OF QBMNG ,OKBXGK QF QBMP
OKCG[KKC FMVFPF \B FNKCGPF \KNKTF \XGCY
\RP NT ,ZXY JCPC KE .\GMGPSF OKZTCG
.[EGYF \MBNPC OKYSGTF N[ OCKJP O[Z\FN
GKF OKVKETP ,ONGMM OCGZ O\SF QP KM IKRP KRB
ZIB GB FH [ZEP \KCC GH FT[C BXPKFN
\BXN GRK\GCZ \GIKN[ OFKNT FYHI LB .OZKTC
EGPKN \CGJN ,\KTCJ-BNF O\CKCSN ,ZKTF \B
FC[ ZGBPF[ KEM ,OKYGIZ OT B\GGXC FZG\
LVF ZCM[ KVM ,O\IV[P \B LGVFKG OZKHIK
.NBZ[KC OK\C KVNB
\BHF FMVFPF \BG ,FMVFP \KBZR LM
L[PF QTPN ,NBZ[K OT QTPN .LK[PFN OKCKKI
.IXRF \ZKK[ N[ FTSP

YKSVR[ NKC[C \PINR LKB ZMGH F\B"


FVBP G\GB ,ISV CZTC FZJV \GVBN
KGMKS OKKY IGYKV BNN G\RMFC[ ,KBJKNGVKZJ
.[KBF NBG[ = "?ZGPD WPIN LGVFK[ Z\GKC CZ
EG T) FET GRNXB FH ,QKCFN LKZX F\B"
.GKNT OKZ\GGP BN[ DFRP GTP[P[ (\GXGPY
.FH \B F[TK[ KP JTPM OGKF QKB CZF \GMHC
HB ZCM .FKKZKTF KIYV \B \P\Z LKB ZMGH KRB
\YEX NT Z\GGN LNGF BN F\B[ GRN ZGZC FKF
."LMZE
CZC OKRKICP OF[M .OKCZ QBM GZCTK ,GKZIB
OKJTP BN .EFGBN LVGF NGMK YZ[ KP ,QKYXGZGS
.\GIJCFF \B OKKYN OKRGGM\P OD OMG\P

  : 


ZKTF NB QKYXGZGS CZF TKDK CZTF \GT[C
,YSGV K\NCF GTSPP TDZN ZGXTK O[ ,OF[
.KPGYP ZGXKKP \GDSV \ZKGGB GCZYN UB[K
ENKN KM" ,QKYXGZGS CZF ZPGB ,"ZPGN Q\KR"
OG[ZN Z[VB[ GRTEK .GRNNKV BN \PBC FHF
OD GRTEK ,OKKRZG\ ZVS K\CG OKENK KRDN OKENK
\B G[T ZCM[ \GIV[P CZYC NGTVN Z[VB[
,ONGB .\GEFKF NB LZEC OKRG[BZF OFKETX
NKD CZYC NGTVN NMGR KM ,GR\TEC GRKNTF BN NNM
-GGBC OKVGJ[F OKZKTXF KMG ,FZ[T-[VKJF
\GNKTVN ETK OF ,\KNBZ[KF \GRZK\PF \ZK
."CGZKY
OKZKTXN \G[ZEPF GNNGI[ FMVFPF"
,\GZTRN \CFN[ \G[ZEP N[G OKYHI\P
GRKRKT NGP ,FRFG .QKJGNIN FKGVX K\NC F\KKF
CGZKYF \MVFP ZIBN .QPGBK K\NCF [IZ\P
\B NKCGFN OKMGH GRB ,OG[KZF \MVFPG
\G[ZEP 100-M .OKYHI\PF OKZKTXF \MVFP
,\GZKTXN QYNIG OKZKTXN QYNI ,NMF LSC
OKRGDZBN OGKM \GVRGSPF \GZIB \GCZ EGTG

FPN[ CZF ZEKKIF \PYFN KV\G[ OT K\KNT


.N"YGXH L[ P"PBZDF QZP OT WTKK\FN KYSRGEZ
Z[B LGZC GZYKT[ OI C\MP OT G\KCP GRBXK
."\BHF FZG\F KZCE \B OKYK
\NDT \GTXPBC .FRJY ZEI \ZKEC GRNI\F"
F[KD NKC[ OKYFN UGXKZ KRCB GRCIS YGRK\
OKNTGV GRIRB[ = BCB GRN [K[ GRTEK .FRCPN
IKSF BN[ ,N"YGXH L[ P"BZDF QZP \GIKN[C
LNFPC .JZVG JZV NMC QKKRT\FG GR\BP G\TE
QMG[ GC ,OKKEK CIZ FRCP OKYFN GRKMH OKR[F
GKZIB ZZD ZCEF .OKNNGT FZG\ EGPN\ OGKM
GPM ,OKVSGR LGRKI \GESGPN \GKZIB \IKYN
ZGZC ,ZGIBN JCPC .EGTG CYTK \KC QGMK\
FNGMK F\KKF BN OKNNGT \"\ BNN KM ,ONGMN
KRC OKMZCB \GBP N[ FNKFY FKR\RC I\V\FN
."\GI\V\F \VGR\C \BXPR[ FNKFY ,FZG\

  : 


OK[DGV GRB ,ZKT N[ FCGIZC FTKSR KEM LG\
F[P CZF ,\KPGYPF FK[TN YK\GGF GEKEK \B
"FZG\F NDE" OTJP ZKTF \XTGP ZCI ,ZCGIN
N[ FTKPJG QGKSKPC YCBPN FYNIPF K[BZPG
."OKIBN-CN"
\GRI = "\KRPI" JN[F EXN OKEPGT OF
GPXT BGF .ZKBK O[N FRGTF OEB N[ OKIGXKVF
"OKIBN-CN" UKRS N[ FKK[TF \GZKVP EIB
\B[ Z\KCG GMZE \B OKMK[PP ,GKENK .KPGYPF
LZEC OKETGX YZ BN OF .GIGMP OIGM FVKG
OKZIB OKEKTXP OD OF ,OZGCT OFKCB FGG\F[
KRC NT FRPR ,GK\GRC KIYGNP EIB .OMZEC
LZE FZGPM [P[P[ LZCB ,OKSMZC FNKFYF
UKRSC U\G[PF EGPKNF \ZDSPC = OKCZY\PN
,\GTGC[ ZVSP KRVN B[KR ,ZIBF QCF .KRGVXF
.QRCZE BYGNI GPXT NT FJTG
,ONGB ,OKIGXKVF \GRIC G\SRZVN NPT ,CBF
ZKXF NT \CXKRF G\GRI \B O\GZ ,ECC EC
FKC[G\G ZKTF N[ F\MKVFN ,ZKTF N[ KHMZPF
NFY NT G\TV[F \EKPN .Z\GK OKKEGFKN
G\GB OKZKMPF OKVSGR OKCZ NTG GK\GIGYN
KP[Z K\NCF ODKXRN LVF OZJC EGT BRE \PEYP
FEKPT KEM LG\ U[IKB ,"OKIBN-CN" K[RB N[
.\GRIF I\VC
,"LBNP BNB CZ BN NNMC BGF ,QKYXGZGS"
GPXT \B QKMF BN[ ,QPEHP IZGB ZCGT KN CK[P
GPM ,"FZYPC" BGF .GZCTN FRVB[ FNB[N NNM
EGT G\GB OKZKMP ,L[PFC QBM GVNIK[ OKZIB
NBZ[K" = TNS \RGM[ N[ FCZM G\RGFM \VGY\P
GRNGM GRIRB" .HB F\GB GZKEDF[ KP GKF ,"FKR[F
FIV[PF NMG KRB" ,[KBF G\GB TKDZP ,"LN[
OK[GT GRIRB ,EKDK ZKBK[ FP ,FHP WGIG ,KN[
."\GNB[ KNC

.N"YGXH LBCZTKGB H"[ZDF QZP OT ESI


KJVG[ F[GN[ GZZGD\F GRN[ CGIZC ,NKECFN
CGIZ N[ EIBF FXYC ,QGKNTF JV[PF \KC
KR[F FXYCG ,FRKEPF BK[R \KC CXKR Y"EZ
."ZKBP FENGD FZZGD\F
N[ OKZKZD[ GRIRB[ GR[DZF OKENKM ZCM"
GR\GKF EXN ,FRGM[F LG\C KEZIF ZGCKXF
D"FZF NFRPF N[ FNK[ FZG\ EGPN\ KEKPN\
OKRGBDF N[ OFKCB = N"XH KIZHB NBZ[K KCZ
KIZHB YIXK KCZG B"JKN[ KIZHB P"CZ OKNGEDF
GRTSRG \GTSF GKF BN EGT HB .B"JKN[
GRTEKG GRKNT GNM\SF OK[RB ,\KZGCKX FZGCI\C
GR\GB CKKIP ZCEFG ,FZG\ EGPN\ KENK GRIRB[
\KCN TKDF KRGNKI ENK Z[BM .OB\FC DFR\FN
LZGX GR[DZF ,ZIB TGZKB GB FGGXP ZCN \SRMF
[I KRB .CGIZC OGK O\SC OD FKF LM .G\GB CZYN
CGZKY N[ FHF YEKKIF KC YCER HB ZCM KM
."OKKI \GBKXPP YNI HB ZCM FH FKF .OKYGIZ
CZ N[ G\C OT KKBG[KR ZIBN K\TDF FKR\RN"
NT HB K\KRPR .B"JKN[ GBN P"KZDF ,HBE ZKTF
.FMNF EGPKNN NNGMC OKMZCB N[ FRJY FXGCY
,\KRGNKI = FRGM[ CZN K\KRGP ,OKR[ ZVSP GVNI
LVF EBP ZFP .\GRG[ \GET KBXGK GRPR FKNT[
FTV[FN K\GTP[P KTXPBNG KNMN EKYV\F
YNIN FMVF ,EIB NM KMZXC \GCZGTPF .YGHKING
."\GIKN[FP
N"GIC KK\GTKSRC ZXYP KRB ,OGKF ET"
K\ET NFY OT \GC[N KEM ,QGDZBF \CGJN
Q\KR BN[ OKTEGK OKIBN CNC .\SRMF \KCC
KN [K KM ,FNKNC KTKCZ OGKN \GCK[K TGCYN
OGYPF .FRGM[F KC[G\N BZPDC TGCY ZGTK[
."KKI \CFB Z\GGKG FKF ,FHF

"  " : 


[GN[M NKMP ,LGPSF CGIZC OKKEK CIZ QKKRC
BGF QKYXGZGS CZF OZGCT[ ,OKENK \GBP
,OGYPN TNYK KM ZH .FZG\-EGPN\F N[ "BCB"F
.\KPGYPF \GK\KCF \[GI\ NT TDZN FP\K
ZGCT GPM ,QKYXGZGS CZF ZGCT[ ,ZC\SP
BGF .[K[ KTCJ KMF .LM \PBC FH ,OKENKF
OFKRV \GETGP QMKFN TEGK ,GP[C EIB NM ZKMP
EPN KP N[ IB CJKF ZMGHG ,I F\KM KEKPN\ N[
.K\PG KP NXB
-KFYF KRCN ORPB ETGKPF FZG\-EGPN\ GFH
GKV NT[ NEGPF OXTC GFH KNGB ,\KRZG\F FN
ZVSF-K\C Z\K \B FPKEY EKTXFN UBG[ F\B
?OSGSKCCG O\IK\VC KHMZP U\G[ \KKF[
NNMN FDBEN NKCYPC" :QKYXGZGS CZF
FDBEF YZVF NT HB FCXKR ,FRGM[F KC[G\
= FZG\ EGPN\ BNN[ GRTEK .GRN[ GRKENKN
.ZKTC ZB[KFN NMGR BN [EGYF \ZFJ NT ZEKKI

}|
\KCC :NBP[P .OTGV CNF[M FH LM .K\KR\RF CGIZC FEFB :QKPKP}|
|}FZG\ \XCZF NT Z\GGP BN .CZM QKYXGZGS CZF QFMP GC \SRMF

57 "  "  


You might also like