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Culture Documents
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\G[K FRRKB GH[ ,OKZB\P O\B[ KVM OB
,OKZJGH OKEKYVP OD TKDFN NGMK BNB ,\PKGSP
FH M"B LKB ,\GRG[ \G\GPT OT FNGTV UG\K[PG
IM OT F"HTC TKDR GRIRB Z[BM \GR\[FN KG[T
?FBCF \SRMN YHI
QGZYT [K .QGZYKTF \B QKCR[ OEGY :Z[B CZF
L\GB LKZX OB :ZGVKSF NMC GR\CGJN NTGV[ EIB
OKCKKI GKFK ,L\GB GMZJXK OB .OKKY F\B =
.OFKRKT \GBZM LC G[TK OF ,BN OB .LC C[I\FN
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BN[ \CNG[P FVY\P QBM OKZB\P O\B
KZGIBP EPGT KP .UKTS OG[G JZV OG[ NT \DNEP
?FH NM
\RGGMP[ EK QBM QKB GRKZTXN :KRVD CZF
GHKB QKB .OKJZVF NM \B FNTPNP \RDZBPG
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80%
, 10% .
10%
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OKPPGHG ,"OKEGYEGYF" O[ OKC[GK[ "FZTP"
LM G[TK[ K"T ,FZJPN TKDFN LKB \RDZGBP \KRM\
GF[KP FKF QMB OB KM ,GRZTXN ZPGB KRB .LMG LMG
OKNGMK GRKKF ,\RDZGBPG FZGES \KRM\ OT OKGSP
QBM [K .LM BN FH NTGVC .\K\EGYR GEDR NGTVN
OT FNMNMF Z[ \B [K .OKPZGD FCZF N[ UGZKX
OT ZCT[N ZXGBF Z[ \B [K .GN[ OK[RBF
LG\C ,EGMKNF LG\C OD [KG .GN[ OK[RBF
OKSRP[ OKEKYVF \B ,\GK\GEKYVF \GMZTPF
.OEGYP K\ZBK\[ KVM ,JZV NMC NVJKFN
IGZ" N[ F[KDF GH ,OKFHP GRIRB QM[ FP
BN OKEZIN[ BKF \C[GRF IGZF[ TDZC ."EYVPF
FEKYVF .QRM\NG \C[N LKZX BN ,\GKIN TKDP
KEZI ENKF N[ ZGVKSF FKNB TKDP[ GH ,\KZJGHF
\B NGN[N LKB BXP\ ZCM FPXTP ,FNGIF
.OGI\ NMC LM .IGZF GK[MT GH KM ,GN[ \GKGMHF
,OKK\N[PPF OKPZGDF \B \ZMHF :CNYP CZF
FCZF .IJ[C USGR K\GTP[P OZGD [K NCB
NBP[ KRGDZB ,QKKRTC OKNTGV[ \G\GPTG OKRGDZB
,["GEI \\GPT .FXIPN OKPZGVZ GB ,OKPZGVZG
...
QBPP TDVR GF[KP[M[ ,O[GZF ZXGR OK\KTN
GB ESGPF NFRPP ,FNKFYC GB FRGM[C BGFE
TGDVN FXZK BGF ,FPYRM ,\SRMF \KC KBCDP
QKTN FBZR Z[Y NM QKB[ \GZPN .\GZKICC O"KMIC
?GHM FTVG\ OKZKCSP O\B LKB .OKZCEF QKC
FBPIPF KFGH ,ZB\P F\B[ FP :Z[B CZF
.FZG\F \GEFK \DNVPN \\N LKK[[ Z\GKC FNGEDF
BN ,FVKZ[ \XZGV Z[BM GRNXB[ FIKECF FTGEK
CNYP CZN OKZ[Y\P BNB ,[B KCMPN OKZ[Y\P
\B GRNDZF GRIRB ...[B KCMPC OKZ[YN DBEK[
LM ,OKKIF KJZVP JZV NMC \GCZGTPN ZGCKXF
NMF .\CG\MF GRIRB ,\ZZGT\P[ FKTC NMC[
FNTP FKF BN BGF ,\GZIB \GDNVPC .GRKNB ZG[Y
.FDNVPN FH \B Z[YN G\TEC
\GDNVPF NMP M"I FHKB ,L\GB NBG[ KRB
EIBN ZGHTN NKC[C YRCN TSKKG OGYK ,WZBC
KMGRBG KRVD CZF GRTSR FP QPH KRVN YZ .OKIZHBF
GRC[KG ,\GPGY 22 GRKNT ,OKECGMPF OKYRCF EIBN
GRBC[ IGJC FKF BGF .ONFC FKF BGF .NFRPF OT
ZGCT [YCN GRBC[ ZZC\PG ,FDNVPF KVSM B[GRC
QMP ZIBN .YRCC \GCGI ZKB[FG ZJVR[ OEB
OGNIC G\GB F\BZ[ FZVSG ,G\[B FZ[Y\F
KNB GZ[Y\F ,FKKZKTC ECGT K\KKF KRB[M .FXGZP
FIRFF NT ZCGEP BN .ZG\F \B OEYN NKC[C
!ZG\F \B OKEYFN ZCGEP .GZES KBEG FH ,FRGRZBC
GRB ,GRKEKC[ FP NMC .E LGZC .GRNXB CXPF FH
.TKKSN OKIP[
OD \PZGD \BHF \GCZGTPF[ ,FZGY[ FP
LM NM BN FH .OKZG[Y BN[ OKB[GRC \GRTJN
\BH OKNCYP GRBG ,FZGY FH NCB ,KJRDKNJRKB
.FCFBC
\GDNVPN SIKC \GNKTVF NT \ZCE :CNYP CZF
\GDNVPP OKM"I[ ,ZPGN YZ NGMK KRB .\GZIB
\GKRV GRKNB OKRVP UBG ,FZHTN GRKNB OKRGV \GZIB
.OFN[ ZGCKXF N[
[K[ CBH \TCDP KNB GRV :FHN Z[YFC ZVSB
QGIJKCF Z[G ,OKK\R[ OKEPGT ZCM[ OK\C FPM
N[ K\KKTCF OGYKPF CYT FKKRC Z\KF NT O\GI BN
FPM M"FSC ,ON[ JYKGZVC ZCGEP BN .ZGHBF
M"IN K\KRV .JYKGZVF \B OKN[FN LKZX[ OK\C
ZG[YF FETG Z"GKM ZKMC EKYV\C B[GRF OKGSP
NGMK BN KRB :KN ZPGB BGF FCGD\CG ,OGI\N
NTGV KRB KM ,"KNKNV FH" .B[GR FHMC CZT\FN
GRIRB ,FMM OB" GN K\ZPB .OKGSP JYKGZV \CGJN
OB ."BNMC FR[ 2000 OGK NMC GRK[TP NT OKMKZX
,KNKNV FH FKKRC Z\KF NT OG\IN GHM FZHT [YCN
DGSP FZHT N[ \GKGNKTV OGKPGK OK[GT GRIRB KZF
.FH
Z[Y\P :FEPIR FJGEYRB :QKYXGZGS CZF
YRC .OMN[ YRCF OT \GZX KN [K ,KN ZPGBG EIB
KRB .KN ZGHT\ F\B ,FDNVPN \SRMR GK[MT ..K"DBV
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\GT[C FKR\R ZKTF \B \GTCGX NGIF \GVGS
OKPKC .HT OGIC ,FNGM WZBF \B GPM ,GNB
-C[G OKZCGTC OKSGPT \GCGIZF ,Z\GK OKZKFC
OF ,OFK\CC OKRGVS OFP OKCZ F\T .OK
YCBF OT TDPP Q\KRF NMM TRPKFN OK[YCP
BYGGE [YCP QKYXGZGS CZF .OKKRKTC CZGXF
N[ \K[BZC KPK O\GB NB K\GIMGRC CG[N ,F\T
.ZKTC GN[ \KRZG\F FKK[TF
= "OKNNGT" FZG\F EGPN\C ?NKI\FN FPC
FNKFYF KENK ZGCT GK\GTCXB Z[TC OKYF[
GB[P \B[ CYTK \KC QGMK\C .ZKTC \KRZG\F
\NKFYC ,OKR[F LNFPC GPXT NT FJT KVSMF
,F\IKZVG F\PYFN UIGE BGF[ OKMZCBF
\PZ \RGM[C[ \SRMF \KCC ,OXTC ,KNGBG
CZM QKYXGZGS CZF [P[P GC[ OGYPF = OKZVB
EDBN IKNXP BGF GCG OKR[ 27-M FHP FRGM[F
,\GRG[ \GETP ,OKRG[ OKNFYP OK[RB GKEIK
QPKSN FMVF[ = \EIGKPF G\GK[KB \ZHTC
.GN[ JNGCF ZMKFF
OKN[GZK EKNK GPXT \B BXGP ZKFC OGKC
KVGB \NTC ZKTC ,OKKRZG\F FK\GESGP LKRIG
?FM ET GN NDZGF BN[
BN ,\KPGYPF \GBKXPF" :QKYXGZGS CZF
FRGM[C KNT FVNI K\GENK .KZGCT FZH F\KF
FC GKI .FCGZC KRGNKI KVGB \NTC = FKCIZ
NKECFN ,EXN ,\K\ZCIF FJKNBF N[ \GIV[P
FXYC .FZG\ KNGED N[ \GIV[P ,\GNECF KVNB
,OKN[GZK N[ FCZ N"XH KJNGH C"ZDF ZD CGIZF
N"XH USGK T"Z NGEDF QGBDF LGPSF CGIZC
KZT[ \RGM[ = [KCMN ZCTPG ,QGKXN QG[BZF
KZTK .C :OGNKX
ENGRKZD NBGP[
" " 56
|}FKR\RC FNKFYF N[ FIKPXF .QNKB N[ GK[ZG[ ."OKNNGT" FZG\ EGPN\ KENK OT}|
:
,\GNKTV SGPT OGK OGKSN ,CGJ Z\GK FP
LZGT[ \CFNRF OKRVF \NCYC \GHIN Z[BP
,FMVFPF \B OKNKCGPF OKMZCBN QKYXGZGS CZF
.\KNKT QKTKEGP ZKTF N[ FKZT[C OKSRMR OF \T
KFGH .OKC[ OF QBMNG ,OKBXGK QF QBMP
OKCG[KKC FMVFPF \B FNKCGPF \KNKTF \XGCY
\RP NT ,ZXY JCPC KE .\GMGPSF OKZTCG
.[EGYF \MBNPC OKYSGTF N[ OCKJP O[Z\FN
GKF OKVKETP ,ONGMM OCGZ O\SF QP KM IKRP KRB
ZIB GB FH [ZEP \KCC GH FT[C BXPKFN
\BXN GRK\GCZ \GIKN[ OFKNT FYHI LB .OZKTC
EGPKN \CGJN ,\KTCJ-BNF O\CKCSN ,ZKTF \B
FC[ ZGBPF[ KEM ,OKYGIZ OT B\GGXC FZG\
LVF ZCM[ KVM ,O\IV[P \B LGVFKG OZKHIK
.NBZ[KC OK\C KVNB
\BHF FMVFPF \BG ,FMVFP \KBZR LM
L[PF QTPN ,NBZ[K OT QTPN .LK[PFN OKCKKI
.IXRF \ZKK[ N[ FTSP
}|
\KCC :NBP[P .OTGV CNF[M FH LM .K\KR\RF CGIZC FEFB :QKPKP}|
|}FZG\ \XCZF NT Z\GGP BN .CZM QKYXGZGS CZF QFMP GC \SRMF
57 " "