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Pathophysiology

Modifiable Factors
-History of Appendicitis
-History of Colonic
Carcinoma
-NPO for 3 days
- Low sodium:
133.80mmol/L (8/1/13)

Non-modifiable Factors
-Age

Decreased sodium and


bicarbonate serum level
Decreased perfusion pressure in the renal
arterioles
KIDNEYS

Juxtaglomelular cells release


RENIN

LIVER

Converted ANGIOTENSIN I from


ANGIOTENSIN

ANGIOTENSINCONVERTING
ENZYME

Converted ANGIOTENSIN II from


ANGIOTENSIN I

ADRENAL
CORTEX

Release of the
ALDOSTERONE

Acts on renal tubular and gastrointestinal


epithelium
Elevated distal tubule flow rate

Increased tubular lumen electronegativity


Increased sodium reabsorbed from
tubular urine back to the bloodstream
Potassium moves from the bloodstream
into the tubule
Increased renal excretion of potassium

Constricts the
arterioles
Increased activity of the
proximal tubule Na+/H+
antiport transporter
Increased H+ excretion
and bicarbonate
reabsorption
HYPOKALEMIA
Signs and symptoms

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