..

2001

. .

24.01.00

2001

 629.4.016.12 (075)
76


, .

2. 105-95

.

: .. , , .

: .. , ,

(), 2001


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5
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6 V(S) t(S)
..
7 ....
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..
7.2
.
8 ..
8.1 ....
8.2 ...
..

4
7
11
12
12
14
15
17
18
20
24
27
28
28
29
30
30
31
33




.
.
.
,
. ,
,
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.

,
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.

. () /1/
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: 1 = 9,81 , 1 = 9,81 .

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92

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6
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12
13
14
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16
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18
19
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.

1150
900
1600
1200
600
4800
1900
1200
600
1800
1050
1000
4500
900
300
500
5000
1200
800
700
1250

01
, ,

R
S
+2,5
0,0
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1000 600
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350
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400
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23
, ,

R
S
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210 500
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45
, ,

R
S
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2100 700
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67
, ,

R
S
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89
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R
S
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600 600
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. 0, 2, 4, 6 8 . . ; 1, 3, 5, 7 9 . . ( ).

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2.1
, ,
m
,
/1/.

.

F = mc g(wo + ip)+m g(wo + ip),

g
m

(1)

, g = 9,81 /2;
, ;

wo wo
, /;

ip

, .

i = i + i,

(2)

i , ;

i , .

i =

700 S

,
R
S

R , ;
S , ;
S , .

(3)


( ) /1/

w0 = 1,9 + 0,01 V + 0,0003 V 2 ,

(4)

V , /.

/1/:
4 -

3 + 0,1 V + 0,0025 V 2
= 0,7 +
w04
;
m04

(5)

8 -

6 + 0,038V + 0,0021V 2
= 0,7 +
w08
,
m08

(6)

m04, m08 ,
4 - 8 - ( ).

,
,
"
"
p 8 w 08
+ p 4 w 04
w 0 =
,
100

(7)

p8, p4 ( ) 8 -
4 - (. 1).

(1) (7) F ,
V ( (4) (6) V)
m . .
()
F V 23 / m 270 ,
- V 42 /, m 190 (1)

 F. F
(. 2)
, .
()
(1) (7), .

F = (1,0 - 1,05) F.

(8)

,
.
.
2.2
,

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,
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V V S
S.

S=

4,17 (Vp2 V2 )
f w

S ,

fw
V V,

(9)

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F (w0 + i ) m g (w0 + i ) m g
(m + m ) g

(10)

i , ;
F
V V, .

F
, /1/ (
).

w0

w0 .

: V = 75 80 /,
V = 80 90 /,
.
V V 2 3 .
(9)
S S,
,
, ,

. ,
( , , 100 )
,
, .
, S S.
2.3

m =

F
( w + i ) g

P,

(11)

F , ;
i
() (
), ;

w
, /,

w = 4 w
4 + 8 w 8 .

(12)

w
4 , w 8

4 8
, /;

4 , 8 ( !) 4
8
(. 1).

w
=

28
m0 + 7 .

(13)

m , ,
m c , ..

m m c . ,
,
,
.

2.4
( )
,
,
.

ni =

mc i

m 100 ,

(14)

m (. 1), .
10

l = ni li+ l+10,

(15)

l , ;

li , .
, 8 -
20 , 4 - - 15 .

3


S,
.
, :
; ,
.

ic =

i1 S1 + i2 S2 + ... + in Sn i j S j
=
S1 + S2 + ... + Sn
SC ,

(16)

i1, i2, ... in , ;

S1, S2, ... Sn , .

-
,
/1 3/

Sj

2000
,
i

(17)

S j , ;

i
, .
,
. (17),
.
,

700 n S
ic =

Sc 1 R .

(18)

ic = ic + ic" .

(19)

5.
5

S,
i,

R, S,

S,

i c, i c , ic,

4
5

, ic
( ), ( ).
i c .

.
()
,
, .

, .

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( )

6, ( )
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- w0 ;
( ) - w0;
:

w0+0,5 w0 + .
6 0

10 / (1 ). ,
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;
.

.
,
4 5 /1/.

4
.

w 0

(4).
w 0 10 /
(5)-( 7). V=0 ( ) w 0
w , (12).
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6.
6
.

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10
20
.
.
.
.
.

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

w0x +, /

w0x+ 0,5, /

T=1000kpp, /

kp

w0x= Wx+ W0/(mc+m)g,

/

Wx+ W0,

Wx=wx mg,

wx , /

fk-w0=Fk-W0 /(mc+m)g,
/

Fk -W0 ,

W0 = W0 + W0,, /

W0= w0mcg,

wo, /

W0 = w0 mg ,

w0, /

F ,

V, /

6 ( )
.................; m+ m =.........................

17

 ()

wx = 2,4 + 0,011 V + 0,00035 V 2 .

(20)

V=0 ( ) w 0
10 / ( w 0 V=0
).

= 1000 ,

(21)

, /.

(21) /1/:

= 0,27

V + 100
;
5V + 100

(22)

= 0,36

V +150
.
2V +150

(23)

K p
mg

( K p4 n4 + K p8 n8 )
mg

(24)

n4, n8 4 - 8-
;
Kp4, Kp8
4 - 8- (
4 = 8 = 70 /,
- 4 = 8 = 42,5 /).

 6 ( 9, 13, 16) ,
.
,
7.
7

1 2 3 4

1 /
6
10
1
2

1 /
1
2
1
2

1
20
48
120
240

30
25

10
10
1

100
10
50
.
.

1 4

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V=f(S)
.

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( )

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1200 .
.

(25)
S = S + S,
S ,


;
S ,
.
(25) ,

S S
. .
17
f = w0x+T

, , ,
V S ( 1).
, w0x+T S
. S ,
ST = 1200 .
7.
V(S)
, ..
.
w0x+T ,
, .. 5, 15, 25, 35, .. /.
w0x+T,
( ), ,
.. . V(S)
0 10 /.
, .. 10 20 /.
V(S). ..

 ..,
.


Sn = 0,278 V t,
V , /;
t
, , :
200

tn = 7

10 ic
;
bT

(26)

(27)

200 300

t n = 10

15 ic
;
bT

(28)

300

t n = 12

18 ic
.
bT

(29)

ic ,
( );

b T .
`
(. 1), (26)
, , 0 100 /.
( )
Vmax
.
, , ic = 5 , Vmax(ic),

.

/2 6/.

,
, .

6 V(S) t(S)

V(S) t(S)

( ), /1 6/.

.
,
, 40 /.
, 90 /

.


. 50-60 /
,
20 /.

,

( )
. ,
,
.

( . 2.2
).
t(S) ,
. , 10 .,
,
0.

297 ,
,
- .
.
.

7
7.1 VT, V


(
) ( ), V .
8,
t(S) 0,1 .,
.
8
- ,
,

VT =

60 L
,
t1 + t 2

(30)

t1 t2
, .;
L , .

(30). L
(30)
( ) ( ),
( ).

7.2

 , ,
. :

V;
-
.

/1 6/, ,
V
,
6 .

.
9.
9

S,

i,

V,

60

60S ,
V

1
2
.
.

2 /./

I /. /

, ,
2 1 .
.
n

t=
1

60S
+ ( 3 6)
V

(31)

3 ,
.

8.1

, .

V(S) I(V) ,
4 /1/ ( ).
V(S)
(. 7) ,
V(S) t(S) .
. I(S).

.
,
.
I(S) t(S) A ,
.

A =

UIcp ti
1

601000

(32)

U (U = 3000
25000 );

I ,
i- , ;

ti ,
i- , .

10.

 10
I,
I(S)

ti,

I ti,

1
2
.
.
n

A 2% 3%

A=(1,021,03) A

(33)

A 10 4
,
a=
mc L

(34)

a , /(10. ).

8.2


( )
n

E = G t + qx t x ,
1

G
, /;

t ,

(35)

 G , ;
qx , /;
tx
, .
G qx
5 /1/. G
, qx -
.

104

E 10 4
e=
mc L .

(36)

e = ,

, = 1,43.

(37)

1 (). .:
, 1985. 287 .
2 / . .. ..
. .: , 1979. 367 . .
3 / . .. .
.: , 1971. 352 . .
4 .. . . .: , 1987.
256 . .
5 .., .., .. .
. .: , 1987. 264 .
6 .., .., .. .
.: , 1972. 440 .

24.01.00

..
03581 19.12.2000
620034, . , . , 66,
_________________________________________________________________
. . . 2,1. . - . . 1,82
1
6084 1/16
400

_________________________________________________________________
620151 . , , 20,