(

( )

( )

) ;(

( )

)= (

);

];
;

);
;

;
(

);

);

For Variable Specific Heat

For variable specific heat use (

[(

); (

( )

( )

####################### OTTO CYCLE ############################

;

Qin = m Cv (T3 T2) =

) kJ;

Qout = m Cv (T4 T1) =

) kJ;

) = (Qin - Qout) ;

kJ;

kJ;

[(

)
[(

(
)

)]

[(

)(

)]

[(

)(

)] kJ;

)] kJ;
(

)(

[(

)(

)]

kPa ;

For polytropic processes, Qin = Qin(2-3) + Qin(3-4) ; Qout = Qout(1-2) + Qout(4-1) they should be used for
calculating thermal efficiency and work.

----------------------------------------------- DIESEL CYCLE ---------------------------------------------------(

Qin = m(h3 h2) = m Cp (T3 T2) =

) kJ; Qout = m(u4 u1) = m Cv (T4 T1) =

) = (Qin - Qout);
(

)[

)
(

[
)

] ;

)
(

;
(

(( )
(

) kJ;

;
(

) kJ;
(
)]

(
)

kJ;
kJ;

)] kJ;

)] kJ;

)(

)]

kPa ;

For polytropic processes, Qin = Qin(2-3) + Qin(3-4) ; Qout = Qout(1-2) + Qout(4-1) they should be used for
calculating thermal efficiency and work.

************************************ DUAL CYCLE *****************************************

Qin = m [Cp (T3 Tx) + Cv (Tx T2)] =
Qout = m Cv (T4 T1) =
(
;

(
(

) kJ;

(
(

)] kJ;
) = (Qin - Qout);
(

)[

( )
(

)
) (

kJ/kg;
kJ/kg;

] ;

)
(

{
(

)
)

(
(

)
)

(
)]

(
(

)(

) kJ/kg;
(
)} kJ;

)]
(

)} kJ;
(

)]

)}

kPa ;

For polytropic processes, Qin = Qin(2-3) + Qin(3-4) ; Qout = Qout(1-2) + Qout(4-1) they should be used for
calculating thermal efficiency and work.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ GAS TURBINE CYCLE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(

Qin = m(h3 h2) = m Cp (T3 T2) =

) kJ;

(
(

Qout = m (h4 h1) = m Cp (T4 T1) =

(

( )

( )

) kJ;

) ;

) kJ;

) kJ;

;
;

----------------------------------- GAS TURBINE WITH REGENERATOR ---------------------------------------------qregen = hx h2 = Cp (Tx T2) kJ/kg;

qin = h3 hx = Cp (T3 Tx) kJ/kg;
qout = hy h1 = Cp (Ty T1) kJ/kg;
Ideally Tyi = T2 and Txi = T4; however due to non-ideal regenerator, Tya > T2 ; Txa > T4
(

( )(

) ; i means ideal, a means actual;

qregen_ideal = hxi h2 = Cp (Tx T2) kJ/kg ; qregen_actual = hxa h2 = Cp (Tx T2) kJ/kg
( )

=(

------------------------------------------------- JET PROPULSION CYCLE ----------------------------------------------

) Newton ;
)
(
= (
kW

OR
)

;
)

( )

( )

;
(

OR
( )

(
;

( ) ;

( )

( )
( )

( )

)
( )

( )

;
( )

( )

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------