CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation

EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910

Section1:Goal,CriticalPrinciples,andOverview
Goal:Englishlearnersread,analyze,interpret,andcreateavarietyofliteraryandinformationaltexttypes.Theydevelopanunderstandingofhowlanguageisa
complex,dynamic,andsocialresourceformakingmeaning,aswellashowcontentisorganizedindifferenttexttypesandacrossdisciplinesusingtextstructure,
languagefeatures,andvocabularydependingonpurposeandaudience.TheyareawarethatdifferentlanguagesandvariationsofEnglishexist,andtheyrecognize
theirhomelanguagesandculturesasresourcestovalueintheirownrightandalsotodrawuponinordertobuildproficiencyinEnglish.Englishlearnerscontribute
activelytoclassandgroupdiscussions,askingquestions,respondingappropriately,andprovidingusefulfeedback.Theydemonstrateknowledgeofcontentthrough
oralpresentations,writing,collaborativeconversations,andmultimedia.Theydevelopproficiencyinshiftinglanguageusebasedontask,purpose,audience,andtext
type.
CriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguageandCognitioninAcademicContexts:WhileadvancingalongthecontinuumofEnglishlanguagedevelopmentlevels,
Englishlearnersatalllevelsengageinintellectuallychallengingliteracy,disciplinary,anddisciplinaryliteracytasks.Theyuselanguageinmeaningfulandrelevant
waysappropriatetogradelevel,contentarea,topic,purpose,audience,andtexttypeinEnglishlanguagearts,mathematics,science,socialstudies,andthearts.
Specifically,theyuselanguagetogainandexchangeinformationandideasinthreecommunicativemodes(collaborative,interpretive,andproductive),andthey
applyknowledgeoflanguagetoacademictasksviathreecrossmodelanguageprocesses(structuringcohesivetexts,expandingandenrichingideas,andconnecting
andcondensingideas)usingvariouslinguisticresources.
PartI:InteractinginMeaningfulWays(page1of2)
A.

Collaborative

1.Exchanginginformationandideaswithothersthroughoralcollaborativediscussionsonarangeofsocialandacademictopic
2.InteractingwithothersinwrittenEnglishinvariouscommunicativeforms(print,communicativetechnology,andmultimedia)
3.Offeringandjustifyingopinions,negotiatingwithandpersuadingothersincommunicativeexchanges
4.Adaptinglanguagechoicestovariouscontexts(basedontask,purpose,audience,andtexttype)

CorrespondingCommonCoreState
StandardsforEnglishLanguageArts*

SL.910.1,6;L.910.3,6
W.910.6;WHST.910.6;SL.910.2;
L.910.3,6
W.910.1;WHST.910.1;SL.910.1,4,6;
L.910.3,6
W.910.45;WHST.910.45;SL.910.6;
L.910.1,3,6

B. Interpretive

5.ListeningactivelytospokenEnglishinarangeofsocialandacademiccontexts

6.Readingcloselyliteraryandinformationaltextsandviewingmultimediatodeterminehowmeaningisconveyedexplicitlyandimplicitly
throughlanguage

RL.910.17,910;RI.910.110;
RH.910.110;RST.910.110;SL.910.2;
L.910.1,3,6
RL.910.45;RI.910.4,6,8;RH.910.46,8;
RST.910.46,8;SL.910.3;L.910.3,56
RL.910.45;RI.910.45;RH.910.45;

7.Evaluatinghowwellwritersandspeakersuselanguagetosupportideasandargumentswithdetailsorevidencedependingonmodality,
texttype,purpose,audience,topic,andcontentarea

8.Analyzinghowwritersandspeakersusevocabularyandotherlanguageresourcesforspecificpurposes(toexplain,persuade,entertain,
etc.)dependingonmodality,texttype,purpose,audience,topic,andcontentarea

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910October5,2012

SL.910.1,3,6;L.910.1,3,6

RST.910.45;SL.910.3;L.910.3,56

CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910

PartI:InteractinginMeaningfulWays(page2of2)
C.

CorrespondingCommonCoreState
StandardsforEnglishLanguageArts*

Productive

9.Expressinginformationandideasinformaloralpresentationsonacademictopics

10.Writingliteraryandinformationaltextstopresent,describe,andexplainideasandinformation,usingappropriatetechnology
11.Justifyingownargumentsandevaluatingothersargumentsinwriting

12.Selectingandapplyingvariedandprecisevocabularyandotherlanguageresourcestoeffectivelyconveyideas

SL.910.46;L.910.1,3
W.910.110;WHST.910.12,410;L.9
10.16
W.910.1,89;WHST.910.1,89;L.9
10.13,6
W.910.45;WHST.910.45;SL.910.4,6;
L.910.1,3,56

PartII:LearningAboutHowEnglishWorks

CorrespondingCommonCoreState
StandardsforEnglishLanguageArts*

A.

StructuringCohesiveTexts

1.Understandingtextstructure

2.Understandingcohesion

B.

ExpandingandEnrichingIdeas

3.Usingverbsandverbphrases
4.Usingnounsandnounphrases
5.Modifyingtoadddetails
C.

RL.910.5;RI.910.5;RH.910.5;
RST.910.5;W.910.15,10;WHST.9
10.12,45,10;SL.910.4
RI.910.5;RH.910.5;RST.910.5;
W.910.15,10;WHST.910.12,45,10;
L.910.1,36

W.910.5;WHST.910.5;SL.910.6;
L.910.1,36
W.910.5;WHST.910.5;SL.910.6;
L.910.1,36
W.910.45;WHST.910.45;SL.910.6;
L.910.1,36

ConnectingandCondensingIdeas

6.Connectingideas
7.Condensingideas

W.910.15;WHST.910.12,45;
SL.910.4,6;L.910.1,36
W.910.15;WHST.910.12,45;
SL.910.4,6;L.910.1,36

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910October5,2012

CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910

PartIII:UsingFoundationalLiteracySkills

RF.K1.14;RF.25.34(asappropriate)

*TheCaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardscorrespondtoCaliforniasCommonCoreStateStandardsforEnglishLanguageArtsand,forgrades612,Literacyin
History/SocialStudies,Science,andTechnicalSubjects.EnglishlearnersshouldhavefullaccesstoandopportunitiestolearnELA,mathematics,science,history/socialstudies,andother
contentatthesametimetheyareprogressingtowardfullproficiencyinEnglish.

Note:Examplesprovidedinspecificstandardsareofferedonlyasillustrativepossibilitiesandshouldnotbemisinterpretedastheonlyobjectivesofinstructionorastheonlytypesof
languageEnglishlearnersmightorshouldbeabletounderstandorproduce.

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910October5,2012

CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartI:InteractinginMeaningfulWays
TextsandDiscourseinContext

EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum

PartI,strands14CorrespondingCommon
CoreStateStandardsforEnglishLanguage
Arts:
SL.910.1,6;L.910.3,6
W.910.6;WHST.910.6;SL.910.2;
L.910.3,6
W.910.1;WHST.910.1;SL.910.1,4,6;
L.910.3,6
W.910.45;WHST.910.45;SL.910.6;
L.910.1,3,6

3.
4.

Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:
Describing,entertaining,informing,
interpreting,analyzing,recounting,
explaining,persuading,negotiating,
justifying,evaluating,etc.

Texttypesinclude:
Informationaltexttypesinclude:
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
historical,economic,technical),recounts
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,factorial),
expositions(e.g.,speeches,opinionpieces,
argument,debate),responses(e.g.,literary
analysis),etc.

Literarytexttypesinclude:
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,
graphicnovels),poetry,drama,etc.

Audiencesinclude:
Peers(onetoone)
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
Wholegroup(onetomany)

A.Collaborative(page1of2)

1.
2.

Emerging
1.Exchanginginformation/ideas
Engageinconversationalexchanges
andexpressideasonfamiliarcurrent
eventsandacademictopicsbyasking
andansweringyesnoquestionsand
whquestionsandrespondingusing
phrasesandshortsentences.

Expanding

Bridging

1.Exchanginginformation/ideas
Contributetoclass,group,andpartner
discussions,sustainingconversations
onavarietyofageandgrade
appropriateacademictopicsby
followingturntakingrules,askingand
answeringrelevant,ontopicquestions,
affirmingothers,providingadditional,
relevantinformation,andparaphrasing
keyideas.

1.Exchanginginformation/ideas
Contributetoclass,group,andpartner
discussions,sustainingconversations
onavarietyofageandgrade
appropriateacademictopicsby
followingturntakingrules,askingand
answeringrelevant,ontopicquestions,
affirmingothers,andproviding
coherentandwellarticulated
commentsandadditionalinformation.

2.InteractingviawrittenEnglish
Collaboratewithpeerstoengagein
short,gradeappropriatewritten
exchangesandwritingprojects,using
technologyasappropriate.

2.InteractingviawrittenEnglish
Collaboratewithpeerstoengagein
increasinglycomplexgradeappropriate
writtenexchangesandwritingprojects,
usingtechnologyasappropriate.

2.InteractingviawrittenEnglish
Collaboratewithpeerstoengageina
varietyofextendedwrittenexchanges
andcomplexgradeappropriatewriting
projects,usingtechnologyas
appropriate.

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910October5,2012

CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartI:InteractinginMeaningfulWays
TextsandDiscourseinContext

EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum

PartI,strands14CorrespondingCommon
CoreStateStandardsforEnglishLanguage
Arts:
SL.910.1,6;L.910.3,6
W.910.6;WHST.910.6;SL.910.2;
L.910.3,6
W.910.1;WHST.910.1;SL.910.1,4,6;
L.910.3,6
W.910.45;WHST.910.45;SL.910.6;
L.910.1,3,6

3.
4.

Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:
Describing,entertaining,informing,
interpreting,analyzing,recounting,
explaining,persuading,negotiating,
justifying,evaluating,etc.

Texttypesinclude:
Informationaltexttypesinclude:
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
historical,economic,technical),recounts
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,factorial),
expositions(e.g.,speeches,opinionpieces,
argument,debate),responses(e.g.,literary
analysis),etc.

Literarytexttypesinclude:
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,
graphicnovels),poetry,drama,etc.

Audiencesinclude:
Peers(onetoone)
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
Wholegroup(onetomany)

A.Collaborative(page2of2)

1.
2.

Emerging

Expanding

Bridging

3.Supportingopinionsandpersuading
others
Negotiatewithorpersuadeothersin
conversationsusinglearnedphrases
(e.g.,Wouldyousaythatagain?I
think...),aswellasopenresponsesto
expressanddefendopinions.

3.Supportingopinionsandpersuading
others
Negotiatewithorpersuadeothersin
conversations(e.g.,toprovidecounter
arguments)usingagrowingnumberof
learnedphrases(Iseeyourpoint,
but...)andopenresponsestoexpress
anddefendnuancedopinions.

3.Supportingopinionsandpersuading
others
Negotiatewithorpersuadeothersin
conversationsinappropriateregisters
(e.g.,toacknowledgenewinformation
inanacademicconversationbutthen
politelyofferacounterpoint)usinga
varietyoflearnedphrases,indirect
reportedspeech(e.g.,Iheardyousay
X,andIhaventthoughtaboutthat
before.However...),andopen
responsestoexpressanddefend
nuancedopinions.

4.Adaptinglanguagechoices
Adjustlanguagechoicesaccordingto
thetask(e.g.,grouppresentationof
researchproject),context(e.g.,
classroom,community),purpose(e.g.,
topersuade,toprovideargumentsor
counterarguments),andaudience
(e.g.,peers,teachers,collegerecruiter).

4.Adaptinglanguagechoices
Adjustlanguagechoicesaccordingto
thecontext(e.g.,classroom,
community)andaudience(e.g.,peers,
teachers).

4.Adaptinglanguagechoices
Adjustlanguagechoicesaccordingto
thecontext(e.g.,classroom,
community),purpose(e.g.,to
persuade,toprovideargumentsor
counterarguments),task,and
audience(e.g.,peers,teachers,guest
lecturer).

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910October5,2012

CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartI:InteractinginMeaningfulWays
TextsandDiscourseinContext

EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum

PartI,strands58CorrespondingCommon
CoreStateStandardsforEnglishLanguage
Arts:
SL.910.1,3,6;L.910.1,3,6
RL.910.17,910;RI.910.110;
RH.910.110;RST.910.110;SL.910.2;
L.910.1,3,6
RL.910.45;RI.910.4,6,8;RH.910.4
6,8;RST.910.46,8;SL.910.3;
L.910.3,56
RL.910.45;RI.910.45;RH.910.45;
RST.910.45;SL.910.3;L.910.3,56

7.

8.

Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:
Describing,entertaining,informing,
interpreting,analyzing,recounting,
explaining,persuading,negotiating,
justifying,evaluating,etc.

Texttypesinclude:
Informationaltexttypesinclude:
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
historical,economic,technical),recounts
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,factorial),
expositions(e.g.,speeches,opinionpieces,
argument,debate),responses(e.g.,literary
analysis),etc.

Literarytexttypesinclude:
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,graphic
novels),poetry,drama,etc.

Audiencesinclude:
Peers(onetoone)
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
Wholegroup(onetomany)

B.Interpretive(page1of2)

5.
6.

Emerging

Expanding

Bridging

5.Listeningactively
Demonstratecomprehensionoforal
presentationsanddiscussionson
familiarsocialandacademictopics
byaskingandansweringquestions
withpromptingandsubstantial
support.

6.Reading/viewingclosely
a)Explainideas,phenomena,
processes,andtextrelationships
(e.g.,compare/contrast,
cause/effect,evidencebased
argument)basedonclosereadingof
avarietyofgradeappropriatetexts,
presentedinvariousprintand
multimediaformats,usingshort
sentencesandaselectsetof
generalacademicanddomain
specificwords.

b)Explaininferencesand
conclusionsdrawnfromclose
readingofgradeappropriatetexts
andviewingofmultimediausing
familiarverbs(e.g.,seemsthat).

c)Useknowledgeofmorphology
(e.g.,commonprefixesand
suffixes),context,reference
materials,andvisualcuesto
determinethemeaningofunknown
andmultiplemeaningwordson
familiartopics.

5.Listeningactively
Demonstratecomprehensionoforal
presentationsanddiscussionsona
varietyofsocialandacademictopics
byaskingandansweringquestionsthat
showthoughtfulconsiderationofthe
ideasorargumentswithmoderate
support.

6.Reading/viewingclosely
a)Explainideas,phenomena,
processes,andrelationshipswithin
andacrosstexts(e.g.,
compare/contrast,cause/effect,
themes,evidencebasedargument)
basedonclosereadingofavarietyof
gradeappropriatetexts,presentedin
variousprintandmultimediaformats,
usingincreasinglydetailedsentences,
andanincreasingvarietyofgeneral
academicanddomainspecificwords.

b)Explaininferencesandconclusions
drawnfromclosereadingofgrade
appropriatetextsandviewingof
multimediausinganincreasingvariety
ofverbsandadverbials(e.g.,indicates
that,suggests,asaresult).

c)Useknowledgeofmorphology(e.g.,
affixes,GreekandLatinroots),context,
referencematerials,andvisualcuesto
determinethemeaningofunknown
andmultiplemeaningwordson
familiarandnewtopics.

5.Listeningactively
Demonstratecomprehensionoforal
presentationsanddiscussionsona
varietyofsocialandacademictopicsby
askingandansweringdetailedand
complexquestionsthatshowthoughtful
considerationoftheideasorarguments
withlightsupport.

6.Reading/viewingclosely
a)Explainideas,phenomena,processes,
andrelationshipswithinandacross
texts(e.g.,compare/contrast,
cause/effect,themes,evidencebased
argument)basedonclosereadingofa
varietyofgradeleveltexts,presentedin
variousprintandmultimediaformats,
usingavarietyofdetailedsentences
andarangeofgeneralacademicand
domainspecificwords.

b)Explaininferencesandconclusions
drawnfromclosereadingofgradelevel
textsandviewingofmultimediausinga
varietyofverbsandadverbials(e.g.,
createstheimpressionthat,
consequently).

c)Useknowledgeofmorphology(e.g.,
derivationalsuffixes),context,reference
materials,andvisualcuestodetermine
themeaning,includingfigurativeand
connotativemeanings,ofunknownand
multiplemeaningwordsonavarietyof
newtopics.

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910October5,2012

CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartI:InteractinginMeaningfulWays
TextsandDiscourseinContext

EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum

PartI,strands58CorrespondingCommon
CoreStateStandardsforEnglishLanguage
Arts:

7.

8.

SL.910.1,3,6;L.910.1,3,6
RL.910.17,910;RI.910.110;
RH.910.110;RST.910.110;SL.910.2;
L.910.1,3,6
RL.910.45;RI.910.4,6,8;RH.910.4
6,8;RST.910.46,8;SL.910.3;
L.910.3,56
RL.910.45;RI.910.45;RH.910.45;
RST.910.45;SL.910.3;L.910.3,56

Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:
Describing,entertaining,informing,
interpreting,analyzing,recounting,
explaining,persuading,negotiating,
justifying,evaluating,etc.

Texttypesinclude:
Informationaltexttypesinclude:
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
historical,economic,technical),recounts
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,factorial),
expositions(e.g.,speeches,opinionpieces,
argument,debate),responses(e.g.,literary
analysis),etc.

Literarytexttypesinclude:
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,graphic
novels),poetry,drama,etc.

Audiencesinclude:
Peers(onetoone)
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
Wholegroup(onetomany)

B.Interpretive(page2of2)

5.
6.

Emerging

Expanding

Bridging

7.Evaluatinglanguagechoices
Explainhowsuccessfullywritersand
speakersstructuretextsanduse
language(e.g.,specificwordor
phrasingchoices)topersuadethe
reader(e.g.,byprovidingevidence
tosupportclaimsorconnecting
pointsinanargument)orcreate
otherspecificeffects,with
substantialsupport.

8.Analyzinglanguagechoices
Explainhowawritersorspeakers
choiceofphrasingorspecificwords
(e.g.,describingacharacteror
actionasaggressiveversusbold)
producesnuancesanddifferent
effectsontheaudience.

7.Evaluatinglanguagechoices
Explainhowsuccessfullywritersand
speakersstructuretextsanduse
language(e.g.,specificwordor
phrasingchoices)topersuadethe
reader(e.g.,byprovidingwellworded
evidencetosupportclaimsor
connectingpointsinanargumentin
specificways)orcreateotherspecific
effects,withmoderatesupport.

7.Evaluatinglanguagechoices
Explainhowsuccessfullywritersand
speakersstructuretextsanduse
language(e.g.,specificwordorphrasing
choices)topersuadethereader(e.g.,by
providingwellwordedevidenceto
supportclaimsorconnectingpointsin
anargumentinspecificways)orcreate
otherspecificeffects,withlightsupport.

8.Analyzinglanguagechoices
Explainhowawritersorspeakers
choiceofphrasingorspecificwords
(e.g.,usingfigurativelanguageor
wordswithmultiplemeaningsto
describeaneventorcharacter)
producesnuancesanddifferenteffects
ontheaudience.

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910October5,2012

8.Analyzinglanguagechoices
Explainhowawritersorspeakers
choiceofavarietyofdifferenttypesof
phrasingorwords(e.g.,hyperbole,
varyingconnotations,thecumulative
impactofwordchoices)produces
nuancesanddifferenteffectsonthe
audience.

CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartI:InteractinginMeaningfulWays
TextsandDiscourseinContext

EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum

PartI,strands912Corresponding
CommonCoreStateStandardsforEnglish
LanguageArts:

Emerging

Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:
Describing,entertaining,informing,
interpreting,analyzing,recounting,
explaining,persuading,negotiating,
justifying,evaluating,etc.

Texttypesinclude:
Informationaltexttypesinclude:
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
historical,economic,technical),recounts
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,factorial),
expositions(e.g.,speeches,opinionpieces,
argument,debate),responses(e.g.,literary
analysis),etc.

Literarytexttypesinclude:
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,
graphicnovels),poetry,drama,etc.

Audiencesinclude:
Peers(onetoone)
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
Wholegroup(onetomany)

C.Productive(page1of2)

9. SL.910.46;L.910.1,3
10. W.910.110;WHST.910.12,410;
L.910.16
11. W.910.1,89;WHST.910.1,89;
L.910.13,6
12. W.910.45;WHST.910.45;
SL.910.4,6;L.910.1,3,56

Expanding

9.Presenting
9.Presenting
Plananddeliverbrieforal
Plananddeliveravarietyoforal
presentationsandreportsongrade
presentationsandreportsongrade
appropriatetopicsthatpresent
appropriatetopicsthatpresent
evidenceandfactstosupportideas.
evidenceandfactstosupportideas

usinggrowingunderstandingof

register.

10.Writing
10.Writing
a)Writeshortliteraryand
a)Writelongerliteraryand
informationaltexts(e.g.,anargument
informationaltexts(e.g.,anargument
aboutwaterrights)collaboratively
aboutwaterrights)collaboratively
(e.g.,withpeers)andindependently.
(e.g.,withpeers)andindependently

usingappropriatetextorganization

andgrowingunderstandingof

register.

b)Writebriefsummariesoftextsand
b)Writeincreasinglyconcise
experiencesusingcompletesentences
summariesoftextsandexperiences
andkeywords(e.g.,fromnotesor
usingcompletesentencesandkey
graphicorganizers).
words(e.g.,fromnotesorgraphic

organizers).

11.Justifying/arguing
11.Justifying/arguing
a)Justifyopinionsbyarticulating
a)Justifyopinionsandpositionsor
somerelevanttextualevidenceor
persuadeothersbymaking
backgroundknowledgewithvisual
connectionsbetweenideasand
support.
articulatingrelevanttextualevidence

orbackgroundknowledge.

b)Expressattitudeandopinionsor
b)Expressattitudeandopinionsor
temperstatementswithfamiliar
temperstatementswithavarietyof
modalexpressions(e.g.,can,may).
familiarmodalexpressions(e.g.,
possibly/likely,could/would).

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910October5,2012

Bridging
9.Presenting
Plananddeliveravarietyoforal
presentationsandreportsongrade
appropriatetopicsthatexpresscomplex
andabstractideas,wellsupportedby
evidenceandreasoning,andare
deliveredusinganappropriatelevelof
formalityandunderstandingofregister.

10.Writing
a)Writelongerandmoredetailed
literaryandinformationaltexts(e.g.,an
argumentaboutwaterrights)
collaboratively(e.g.,withpeers)and
independentlyusingappropriatetext
organizationandregister.

b)Writeclearandcoherentsummaries
oftextsandexperiencesusingcomplete
andconcisesentencesandkeywords
(e.g.,fromnotesorgraphicorganizers).

11.Justifying/arguing
a)Justifyopinionsorpersuadeothersby
makingconnectionsanddistinctions
betweenideasandtextsandarticulating
sufficient,detailed,andrelevanttextual
evidenceorbackgroundknowledge,
usingappropriateregister.

b)Expressattitudeandopinionsor
temperstatementswithnuancedmodal
expressions(e.g.,possibly/potentially/
certainly/absolutely,should/might).

CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartI:InteractinginMeaningfulWays
TextsandDiscourseinContext

EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum

PartI,strands912CorrespondingCommon
CoreStateStandardsforEnglishLanguage
Arts:

Emerging
12.Selectinglanguageresources
a)Usefamiliargeneralacademic(e.g.,
temperature,document)anddomain
specific(e.g.,characterization,
photosynthesis,society,quadratic
functions)wordstocreateclearspoken
andwrittentexts.

C.Productive(page2of2)

9. SL.910.46;L.910.1,3
10. W.910.110;WHST.910.12,410;
L.910.16
11. W.910.1,89;WHST.910.1,89;
L.910.13,6
12. W.910.45;WHST.910.45;SL.910.4,6;
L.910.1,3,56
Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:
Describing,entertaining,informing,
interpreting,analyzing,recounting,
explaining,persuading,negotiating,justifying,
evaluating,etc.

Texttypesinclude:
Informationaltexttypesinclude:
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
historical,economic,technical),recounts
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,factorial),
expositions(e.g.,speeches,opinionpieces,
argument,debate),responses(e.g.,literary
analysis),etc.

Literarytexttypesinclude:
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,graphic
novels),poetry,drama,etc.

Audiencesinclude:
Peers(onetoone)
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
Wholegroup(onetomany)

Expanding

12.Selectinglanguageresources
a)Useanincreasingvarietyofgrade
appropriategeneralacademic(e.g.,
dominate,environment)anddomain
specific(e.g.,characterization,
photosynthesis,society,quadratic
functions)academicwordsaccurately
andappropriatelywhenproducing
increasinglycomplexwrittenand
spokentexts.

b)Useknowledgeofmorphologyto
appropriatelyselectbasicaffixes(e.g.,
Theskullprotectsthebrain.).

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910October5,2012

b)Useknowledgeofmorphologyto
appropriatelyselectaffixesinagrowing
numberofwaystomanipulate
language(e.g.,diplomatic,Stemsare
branchedorunbranched.).

Bridging
12.Selectinglanguageresources
a)Useavarietyofgradeappropriate
general(e.g.,anticipate,transaction)and
domainspecific(e.g.,characterization,
photosynthesis,society,quadratic
functions)academicwordsandphrases,
includingpersuasivelanguage,accurately
andappropriatelywhenproducing
complexwrittenandspokentexts.

b)Useknowledgeofmorphologyto
appropriatelyselectaffixesinavarietyof
waystomanipulatelanguage(e.g.,
changinghumiliatetohumiliationor
incredibletoincredibly).

CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartII:LearningAboutHowEnglishWorks
TextsandDiscourseinContext

EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum

PartII,strands12Corresponding
CommonCoreStateStandardsforEnglish
LanguageArts:

2.

RL.910.5;RI.910.5;RH.910.5;
RST.910.5;W.910.15,10;WHST.9
10.12,45,10;SL.910.4
RI.910.5;RH.910.5;RST.910.5;
W.910.15,10;WHST.910.12,45,10;
L.910.1,36

Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:
Describing,entertaining,informing,
interpreting,analyzing,recounting,
explaining,persuading,negotiating,
justifying,evaluating,etc.

Texttypesinclude:
Informationaltexttypesinclude:
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
historical,economic,technical),recounts
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,
factorial),expositions(e.g.,speeches,
opinionpieces,argument,debate),
responses(e.g.,literaryanalysis),etc.

Literarytexttypesinclude:
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,
graphicnovels),poetry,drama,etc.

Audiencesinclude:
Peers(onetoone)
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
Wholegroup(onetomany)

A.StructuringCohesiveTexts

1.

Emerging

Expanding

Bridging

1.Understandingtextstructure
Applyanalysisoftheorganizational
structureofdifferenttexttypes(e.g.,
howargumentsareorganizedby
establishingclearrelationshipsamong
claims,counterclaims,reasons,and
evidence)tocomprehendingtextsand
towritingbriefarguments,
informative/explanatorytextsand
narratives.

2.Understandingcohesion
a)Applyknowledgeoffamiliar
languageresourcesforreferringto
maketextsmorecohesive(e.g.,using
pronounstoreferbacktonounsin
text)tocomprehendingandwriting
brieftexts.

b)Applyknowledgeoffamiliar
languageresourcesforlinkingideas,
events,orreasonsthroughoutatext
(e.g.,usingconnecting/transition
wordsandphrases,suchasfirst,
second,third)tocomprehendingand
writingbrieftexts.

1.Understandingtextstructure
Applyanalysisoftheorganizational
structureofdifferenttexttypes(e.g.,
howargumentsareorganizedby
establishingclearrelationshipsamong
claims,counterclaims,reasons,and
evidence)tocomprehendingtextsand
towritingincreasinglyclearand
cohesivearguments,informative/
explanatorytextsandnarratives.

2.Understandingcohesion
a)Applyknowledgeofagrowing
numberoflanguageresourcesfor
referringtomaketextsmorecohesive
(e.g.,usingnominalizationstorefer
backtoanactionoractivitydescribed
earlier)tocomprehendingtextsandto
writingincreasinglycohesivetextsfor
specificpurposesandaudiences.

b)Applyknowledgeoffamiliar
languageresourcesforlinkingideas,
events,orreasonsthroughoutatext
(e.g.,usingconnecting/transitionwords
andphrases,suchasmeanwhile,
however,ontheotherhand)to
comprehendingtextsandtowriting
increasinglycohesivetextsforspecific
purposesandaudiences.

1.Understandingtextstructure
Applyanalysisoftheorganizational
structureofdifferenttexttypes(e.g.,
howargumentsareorganizedby
establishingclearrelationshipsamong
claims,counterclaims,reasons,and
evidence)tocomprehendingtextsand
towritingclearandcohesive
arguments,informative/explanatory
textsandnarratives.

2.Understandingcohesion
a)Applyknowledgeofavarietyof
languageresourcesforreferringto
maketextsmorecohesive(e.g.,using
nominalization,paraphrasing,or
summariestoreferenceorrecapan
ideaorexplanationprovidedearlier)to
comprehendinggradeleveltextsandto
writingclearandcohesivegradelevel
textsforspecificpurposesand
audiences.

b)Applyknowledgeoffamiliar
languageresourcesforlinkingideas,
events,orreasonsthroughoutatext
(e.g.,usingconnecting/transitionwords
andphrases,suchasonthecontrary,in
addition,moreover)tocomprehending
gradeleveltextsandtowriting
cohesivetextsforspecificpurposesand
audiences.

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910October5,2012

10

CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartII:LearningAboutHowEnglishWorks
TextsandDiscourseinContext

EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum

PartII,strands35Corresponding
CommonCoreStateStandardsforEnglish
LanguageArts:

Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:
Describing,entertaining,informing,
interpreting,analyzing,recounting,
explaining,persuading,negotiating,
justifying,evaluating,etc.

Texttypesinclude:
Informationaltexttypesinclude:
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
historical,economic,technical),recounts
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,
factorial),expositions(e.g.,speeches,
opinionpieces,argument,debate),
responses(e.g.,literaryanalysis),etc.

Literarytexttypesinclude:
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,
graphicnovels),poetry,drama,etc.

Audiencesinclude:
Peers(onetoone)
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
Wholegroup(onetomany)

B.Expanding&EnrichingIdeas

3. W.910.5;WHST.910.5;SL.910.6;
L.910.1,36
4. W.910.5;WHST.910.5;SL.910.6;
L.910.1,36
5. W.910.45;WHST.910.45;SL.910.6;
L.910.1,36

Emerging

Expanding

Bridging

3.Usingverbsandverbphrases
Useavarietyofverbsindifferent
tenses(e.g.,past,present,future)and
aspects(e.g.,simple,progressive)
appropriateforthetexttypeand
disciplinetocreateshorttextson
familiaracademictopics.

4.Usingnounsandnounphrases
Expandnounphrasestocreate
increasinglydetailedsentences(e.g.,
addingadjectivesforprecision)about
personalandfamiliaracademictopics.

5.Modifyingtoadddetails
Expandsentenceswithsimple
adverbials(e.g.,adverbs,adverb
phrases,prepositionalphrases)to
providedetails(e.g.,time,manner,
place,cause)aboutfamiliaractivities
orprocesses.

3.Usingverbsandverbphrases
Useavarietyofverbsindifferenttenses
(e.g.,past,present,future)andaspects
(e.g.,simple,progressive,perfect)
appropriateforthetexttypeand
disciplinetocreateavarietyoftexts
thatexplain,describe,andsummarize
concreteandabstractthoughtsand
ideas.

3.Usingverbsandverbphrases
Useavarietyofverbsindifferent
tenses(e.g.,past,present,future),
aspects(e.g.,simple,progressive,
perfect),andmood(e.g.,subjunctive)
appropriateforthetexttypeand
disciplinetocreateavarietyoftexts
thatdescribeconcreteandabstract
ideas,explainproceduresand
sequences,summarizetextsandideas,
andpresentandcritiquepointsof
view.

4.Usingnounsandnounphrases
Expandnounphrasesinavarietyof
ways(e.g.,morecomplexclause
embedding)tocreatedetailed
sentencesthataccuratelydescribe
concreteandabstractideas,explain
proceduresandsequences,summarize
textsandideas,andpresentand
critiquepointsofviewonavarietyof
academictopics.

5.Modifyingtoadddetails
Expandsentenceswithavarietyof
adverbials(e.g.,adverbs,adverb
phrasesandclauses,prepositional
phrases)toprovidedetails(e.g.,time,
manner,place,cause)aboutavariety
offamiliarandnewactivitiesand
processes.

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910October5,2012

4.Usingnounsandnounphrases
Expandnounphrasesinagrowing
numberofways(e.g.,addingadjectives
tonouns;simpleclauseembedding)to
createdetailedsentencesthat
accuratelydescribe,explain,and
summarizeinformationandideasona
varietyofpersonalandacademictopics.

5.Modifyingtoadddetails
Expandsentenceswithagrowing
varietyofadverbials(e.g.,adverbs,
adverbphrases,prepositionalphrases)
toprovidedetails(e.g.,time,manner,
place,cause)aboutfamiliarornew
activitiesorprocesses.

11

CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartII:LearningAboutHowEnglishWorks
TextsandDiscourseinContext

EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum

PartII,strands67Corresponding
CommonCoreStateStandardsforEnglish
LanguageArts:

7.

W.910.15;WHST.910.12,45;
SL.910.4,6;L.910.1,36
W.910.15;WHST.910.12,45;
SL.910.4,6;L.910.1,36

Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:
Describing,entertaining,informing,
interpreting,analyzing,recounting,
explaining,persuading,negotiating,
justifying,evaluating,etc.

Texttypesinclude:
Informationaltexttypesinclude:
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
historical,economic,technical),recounts
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,
factorial),expositions(e.g.,speeches,
opinionpieces,argument,debate),
responses(e.g.,literaryanalysis),etc.

Literarytexttypesinclude:
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,
graphicnovels),poetry,drama,etc.

Audiencesinclude:
Peers(onetoone)
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
Wholegroup(onetomany)

C.Connecting&CondensingIdeas

6.

Emerging

Expanding

Bridging

6.Connectingideas
Combineclausesinafewbasicways
(e.g.,creatingcompoundsentences
usingand,but,so;creatingcomplex
sentencesusingbecause)tomake
connectionsbetweenandtojoinideas
(e.g.,Iwanttoreadthisbookbecause
itdescribesthesolarsystem.).

7.Condensingideas
Condenseideasinafewbasicways
(e.g.,bycompoundingverbor
prepositionalphrases)tocreate
preciseanddetailedsimple,
compound,andcomplexsentences
(e.g.,Thestudentsaskedsurvey
questionsandrecordedthe
responses.).

6.Connectingideas
Combineclausesinagrowingnumber
ofwaystocreatecompoundand
complexsentencesthatmake
connectionsbetweenandlinkconcrete
andabstractideas,forexample,to
expressareason(e.g.,Hestayedat
homeonSundayinordertostudyfor
Mondaysexam)ortomakea
concession(e.g.,Shestudiedallnight
eventhoughshewasntfeelingwell.).

6.Connectingideas
Combineclausesinavarietyofwaysto
createcompoundandcomplex
sentencesthatmakeconnections
betweenandlinkconcreteand
abstractideas,forexample,tomakea
concession(e.g.,Whilebothcharacters
striveforsuccess,theyeachtake
differentapproachesthroughwhichto
reachtheirgoals.),ortoestablish
cause(e.g.,Womensliveswere
changedforeverafterWorldWarIIas
aresultofjoiningtheworkforce.).

7.Condensingideas
Condenseideasinagrowingnumberof
ways(e.g.,throughembeddedclauses
orbycompoundingverbsor
prepositionalphrases)tocreatemore
preciseanddetailedsimple,compound,
andcomplexsentences(e.g.,Species
thatcouldnotadapttothechanging
climateeventuallydisappeared.).

7.Condensingideas
Condenseideasinavarietyofways
(e.g.,throughavarietyofembedded
clauses,orbycompoundingverbsor
prepositionalphrases,nominalization)
tocreateprecisesimple,compound,
andcomplexsentencesthatcondense
concreteandabstractideas(e.g.,
Anotherissuethatpeoplemaybe
concernedwithistheamountof
moneythatitwillcosttoconstructthe
newbuilding.).

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910October5,2012

12

CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartIII:UsingFoundationalLiteracySkills
FoundationalLiteracySkills:

LiteracyinanAlphabetic
WritingSystem
Printconcepts
Phonologicalawareness
Phonics&wordrecognition
Fluency

SeeAppendixAforinformationonteachingreadingfoundationalskillstoEnglishlearnersofvariousprofilesbasedonage,native
language,nativelanguagewritingsystem,schoolingexperience,andliteracyexperienceandproficiency.Someconsiderationsare:

Nativelanguageandliteracy(e.g.,phonemeawarenessorprintconceptskillsinnativelanguage)shouldbeassessedforpotential
transferencetoEnglishlanguageandliteracy.

SimilaritiesbetweennativelanguageandEnglishshouldbehighlighted(e.g.,phonemesorlettersthatarethesameinboth
languages).

DifferencesbetweennativelanguageandEnglishshouldbehighlighted(e.g.,somephonemesinEnglishmaynotexistinthe
studentsnativelanguage;nativelanguagesyntaxmaybedifferentfromEnglishsyntax).

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910October5,2012

13