TheAtoZ

ofAdolescentHealth
LeaderBiology

CopyrightLeaderBiology2014

HighTechHighNorthCounty
1420WestSanMarcosBlvd.SanMarcos,CA,92078

Editors:
KiraMcKesson
EmilySchaffer
LexiWilliams

ContributingEditors:
DylanTagg
JakeMurphy
MikeyKnowles
JaredDavis

Teacher:
MattLeader

TableofContents:
AAerobics,Age,Athleticsby:RyanGardiner,ErwinRodriguez,LexiWilliams
BBody,Brain,Boneby:JordanSMith,XochiPerez,ConnorKlotz
CCalcium,Chromosome,Cardiovascularsystemby:RachelEdwards,AustinRau,Logan
Linder
DDiet,DNA,Diseaseby:CharleneStephens,DylanGardner,ParthRabadia
EExercise,Energy,Environmentby:TylerLuce,JilianPorath
FFitness,Family,Fatby:SashaMazon,OliverHensley,CarterCook
GGenome,Glucose,Geneticsby:MikeMatticola,MadalynMatosian,JonathanPadilla
HHappiness,Habits,Heartby:EmilyShaffer,DavidWoody,NatalyDiaz
IImmuneSystem,Infancy,Illnessby:MeganLambert,KimberlyCastro,AlamAlvelais
JJogging,Jointsby:OliviaKucan,DylanTagg
KKidney,KungFu,Kaleby:MorganPost,CanaanDellaVecchia
LLifestyle,Lipids,Longevityby:KiraMcKesson,MayaSaulino
MMuscularSystem,Metabolism,MentalHealthby:ZachPaine,ChrisBerarducci,Hope
Golden
NNeurology,NervousSystem,Nucleusby:StefanStojanovic,
SeanRusso,Anayeli
Vasquez
OObesity,Osteoporosis,Oxygenby:
DenzelBeasley,NicholasRidley
PProtein,Prevention,PhysicalActivityby:SavannahPipp,JakeMurphy,LuceritoLopez
QQualitative,Quantitative,Quadricepsby:JulianCervantes,McCallChristiansen
RRNA,Running,RespiratorySystemby:EmilyDavis,MikaylaElliot
SStress,SkeletalSystem,Sleepby:

AllieChazen,JaredDavis,IanCourtney
TTeenager,Timemanagement,Transformationby:BelleBarreiroSeiden,QuinnPear,and
MikeyKnowles
UUpset,Ultrasound,Underweightby:ChrisMuo,DianaRothman,BilalSalinggih
VVitamins,Vaccine,VascularSystem:AlanaHey,JoshuaLundblade
,
MykaelaBarnes
WWellness,WeightManagement,Willpowerby:BrendaArellano,AlekseiStojanovic
X,YXray,Yogaby:BrylerBarnhill,NoahWilfert,AlannaOzun
ZZone,HealthyFitness,Zenby:SerinaChavez,SeanMcBride,CammiElliott

Introduction

Thepurposeofthisbookisforchildren,teensandadultsaliketogainadeeper
andbroaderunderstandingofadolescenthealth.Allofthetermsinthisbookhavebeen
usedtodescribefactorsofadolescenthealth,inhopesthattheywillbetakeninto
seriousconsiderationtopreventdisease.Today,alladolescentsareathighriskfor
manydiseasesandphysicaldisordersbecauseofthecurrentstateoftheirhealthand
physicaleducationinschools.Developingunderstandingandrespectforthesetermsis
onewaythatwedidbackgroundresearchfortheexperimentsweveconducted.This
researchhashelpeduscometopowerfulconclusionsaboutthefuturerelationship
betweenadolescents,activitylevels,physicaleducationanddisorderrelatedrisks.

HighTechHighNorthCountyisaprojectbasedlearninghighschoolinSan
Marcos,CA.Studentsworkinanintegratedclassestocreateproductswithlasting
value.MatthewLeaders11thGradeBiologyClassworksalongsidehumanities,
spanish,mathandartclassesincollaborationwithlaboratoriesandprofessorsatthe
UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiegoandCSUSanMarcos.TheAtoZofAdolescent
HealthBookispartofalargerHealthProjectfromthefallsemesterof2014.

A
Aerobic
byRyanGardiner

Humanbeingsaredependentonoxygen.Cellstakeinoxygenand
expelcarbondioxide.Thesystemresponsiblefortheexchangeof
oxygenisthecardiovascularsystem.Humansthatareabletointake
oxygenmoreefficientlycandocertainthingslikerunning,swimming,
andcyclingbetter.Becausetheseactivitiesrequirerapidoxidationof
cells,theyareconsideredaerobicactivities.Aerobichealthcanbe
improvedbypracticingthesetypesofactivitiestoimprove
cardiovascularhealth.

Age
byErwinRodriguez

Ageisthedurationoftimesomeonehasbeenalive.Asorganisms
mature,theproductivityoforgansandorganssystemssteadily
diminish.Decisionsmadeatayoungeragecontributetooneshealthat
anolderage.Forexample,dietarydecisionsthataremadeatayoung
age,specificallytheamountofvitaminDandcalciumtakenincanlead
totheweakeningorstrengtheningofbonesandeventuallyleadto
osteoporosis.

Athletics
byLexiWilliams

Athleticsistheprocessofhumansengaginginexerciseorsports
ofanykindinvolvingtheuseofskillssuchasstrength,agility,or
stamina.Themostcommontypeofathleticsisindividualsports
thatdonotinvolveequipmentsuchasrunning,jumping,walking.
Thesimplicityofthiscompetitionmakesitoneofthemostpopular
thereis.Athleticsisessentialtomaintaingoodhealth.

Body:
byJordanSmith

Thebodyisacomplexstructurethatcontainsstructuressuchasthe
cardiovascularsystem,musculoskeletalsystem,andimmunesystem.The
everydaychoicesteensmaketodaycanandwillaffecttheirbodynowand
laterinlife.Nutritionhabitscanaffectthebodynegativelyandpositively.Poor
nutritionhabitsandnotengaginginphysicalactivitycanleadtodiseaseslater
inlifesuchasheartdisease.

Brain
ByXochiPerez

Safelyprotectedbytheskull,thebrainisavitalorganresponsibleforbody
movement,intellectualcapacityandemotion,eachcontrolledbyaspecific
section.Physicalactivityandhealthimpactsthebrain.Studiesshowthat
physicalactivityhelpsteenssleepquality.Bothsleepandphysicalactivity
helpstudentsbecomemoreactiveandfocusedinschool.Exerciseand
healthyfoodprovidesthebrainwithnutrients,whichcanhelpaperson's
behaviorimprovefromsadtohappy.

Bone:
by:ConnorKlotz
Bonesarehardanddensetissuesthatmakeuptheskeletalsystem.
Theyremadeofcalciumphosphateandcalciumcarbonate.Bones
alsosustaintheimmunesystem'swhitebloodcells.Manypeople
begindevelopingproblemswiththeirbonesastheyage,aresultof
previousfracturesorbrokenbonesatayoungerage.Theintakeof
calciumandvitaminDforyoungteensisextremelyessentialtohelp
preventboneproblemsinthefuture.

C
Calcium
b
yRachelEdwards

Calciumisabsorbedthroughdairy,leafygreens,orsupplements.This
mineralcombineswithvitaminDtoformbonestructure.Adolescents
areadvisedtohave1,300milligramsofcalciumdaily.Calciumis
releasedthroughourbodyeveryday,thereforemustbereabsorbedto
reestablishcalciumlevel.Withoutsubstantialcalcium,bonesbeginto
deteriorateinoldage,knownasosteoporosis.Calciumisalso
necessaryinordermaintainaproperlyfunctioningheart,muscle,and
nervoussystem.

Chromosome
byAustinRau

Chromosomesarethewayinwhichgenesarepackagedinthe
nucleus,whichdefinespecificcharacteristicsinthebody.Some
examplesofthesecharacteristicswouldbesex,haircolor,and
diseasepotential.AsinglechromosomeismadefromDNA,RNA,
andaproteincalledchromatin,whichtogetherforma
chromosomeinthenucleus.Eachnucleusconsistsoftwo
genomesandineachgenometherearetwentythreepairsof
chromosomes.

Cardiovascularsystem
byLoganLinder

Theheart,bloodvessels,andbloodarecomponentsof
thecardiovascularsystem.Thecardiovascularsystemis
responsibleforremovingcellularwasteandreplenishing
nutrientstothecells.Theefficiencyoftheheartinthe
systemisstrengthenedbyvigorousaerobicactivitythat
requireheavybreathing.Dietcanalsopositivelyor
negativelyaffectyourcardiovascularhealth.Anexample
ofanegativeeffectduetodietarebloodclots,which
preventbloodflow.

Diet
byCharleneStephens

Whatoneeatsdefineshowhealthytheyare.Itaffectsones
healthtodayaswellasthefuturestateoftheirhealth.The
typesoffoodssomeoneeatseverydaycannourishtheir
bodyandcanaffecttheirphysiqueandmood.Pooreating
choicescanleadtotheriskofdiseases,obesity,ordeath.
Itsimportantthatindividualshaveabalanceddiet,factoring
inimportantcomponentssuchasprotein,calcium,and
vitamins.

DNA
byDylanGardner

DNAisamoleculethatgivesyourbodytheopportunitytogrowandexpand.The
instructionsforyourbodysgrowthandthechangesitgoesthrougharewithineverycell
passeddowntoapersonfromtheirparents.Ourbodieshave20,000genesthatarepassed
downfromgenerationtogeneration.YourDNAiswhatmakesyou,you.Itholdsyour
geneticcode,allofyourtraitswithinthesestrandsofproteinandsugar.DNAoftenholdsthe
potentialforgeneticdiseases,determiningwhich,ifanyatall,youareatriskfor.

Disease
byParthRabadia

Everydaythehumanbodyisunderattackbydiseasewhich
threatenstodeteriorateahumanshealth.
Theimmunesystemwill
trytoattackthediseaseinordertopreventillness.Ahumancanget
adiseasewhentheyarenotexercisingoreatinghealthy.Adisease
canhavesevereeffectsonahumanswellbeing,evenpreventing
participationinsomeactivities.

Exercise
byTylerLuce

Exerciseisanactivitythatincludesphysicaleffort.
Peoplewhoexercisedailyhavelowerrisksof
becomingobeseandpreventdiseases.Exercisecan
bedoinganythingthatrequiresanacceleratedheart
ratebygettingyourbodymoving.Therearemanyways
onecanengageinexercise,suchasdifferentformsof
physicalactivityorsportspractices.

Energy

Humansneedenergytosurviveandperformany
andalldailyactivities.Peoplegetenergyfrom
consumingfood,morespecificallythesugar,
protein,andfatinfoods.Theenergyfromsugar,
protein,andfataremeasuredinkilocalories.
AdenosineTriphosphate(ATP)isthecurrencyof
energy.ATPisachemicalsubstanceanditallows
ustousetheenergywegetfromfood.

Environment
byJilianPorath

Teenscanbegreatlyaffectedbytheirenvironment.Their
settingsaremadeupofpeople,places,andeventsthat
occurintheirlife.Whensomeonessurroundingsarepoor,
especiallyateenagers,theirmentalandphysicalhealth
canbedamaged.Whenmentalandphysicalhealth
problemsariseasanadolescentthoseproblemscanlast
theirentirelife.Healthyeatingandexerciseimproves
physicalhealthandmentalhealthandinturngiveaperson
animprovedenvironment.

Fitness
bySashaMazon

Fitnessistheconditionofonebeinghealthy.Oneisableto
achievethisbyparticipatinginphysicalactivity.Eatingnutritious
substancesandexercisinghelpsonereachastateofphysical
fitness.Maintainingahealthydietandlifestylecanprevent
illnessessuchasheartdisease,diabetesandmanyothers.
Exercisingyourmind,whichisasimportantasphysicalfitness,
canstrengthenapersonsfocusandcomprehensionamong
otherthings.

Family
byOliverHensley

Familiesareacollectionofindividualstiedtogetherwith
geneticrelationshipsandorthesharingofahousehold.
Manyteensobtaincharacteristicsthatarepasseddown
throughtheirfamily'sgenetics.Thiscanresultinchildren
carryingnegativetraitssuchasthesusceptibilitytoget
diseaseslikeobesity,diabetes,heartdiseaseandmore.

Fat
byCarterCook

Substancesusedforfuelingthebodyareknownas
fat.Healthyamountsareobtainedbyingesting
nutritioussubstances.Largeorunhealthyquantities
canbefoundinsugarysubstancesandredmeat.
Twomaintypesoffataresaturatedandunsaturated,
bothgivingfuelforcells.Unsaturatedisharderto
obtaininconsiderableamounts,whilesaturatedcan
negativelyaffectcellsproductivityandreduces
effectivenessoftheimmunesystem.

Genome
By:MikeMatticola

AgenomeisanentiresetofDNAincludingallofan
organism'sgeneticmaterial.Thesegenesdeterminea
personsphysicaltraits,suchasbonestrength,muscle
mass,skinandcolor.Thegenomefromanindividualcan
bestudiedtocreatepersonalizedmedicines,providing
guaranteedresultsinsteadoftrialanderrorwithother
medications,whichcouldbethedifferencebetweenlifeand
death.

Glucose
By:MadalynMatosian

Glucoseisasugarfoundinplantsthatcanbeusedasenergyorfuelfor
thehumanbody.Itcanbetransferredtohumansintheformofbacteriaor
variouscarbohydrates.Glucoseactsasakeyformofenergythatwe
metabolizeconstantly.However,extraneousintakeofglucosecanslow
downourmetabolismwhichmayleadtodiseasessuchasobesityor
diabetes.

Genetics
By:JonathanPadilla

Geneticsisthestudyofgenesandtheirvariations.Genesexpress
inheritedcharacteristicsthatgetpassedalongeachgeneration.
Althoughmaintainingahealthyandactivelifestyleisimportantforteen
healthandwellness,genesplayabigroleinoneshealth.Genetics
canalsopredictthelikelihoodofacertaindiseaseordisorder.

Happiness
By:EmilyShaffer

Physicalandmentalhealthareintertwined
together.Teensandadults
areintimesof
high
stress,whichimpactstheirphysicalandmental
health.Studieshaveshownthatphysicalactivity
reducesstress,byreleasingendorphins,leading
toincreasedhappiness.Endorphinsareatypeof
brainchemicalthatsendelectricalsignals
throughoutthenervoussystem.

Habits
By:DavidWoody

Habitsaresomethingthatonedoesinvoluntary.
Onecaneathealthyforawhileuntilithasbecome
partoftheireverydaylife.Habitscanhelpwhen
exercisingalsosomeonemaydothesameworkout
untilitbecomesmusclememory.Creatinghabitsof
exercisingandeatinghealthyisimportanttocreate
whenyoungwhichwillultimatelyhelponesphysical
health.

Heart
By:NatalyDiaz

Avitalorganinthehumancardiovascularsystem,continuously
pumpingbloodaroundthebodythroughbloodvessels,sending
oxygenthroughoutotherorgans.Bloodiscarriedtowardtheheart
throughveins,bloodcomingfromthelungstotheleftatriumis
carriedthroughpulmonaryveinswhilebloodcomingfromthebody
totherightatriumiscarriedthroughthesuperiorvenacavaand
inferiorvenacava.Keepingyourselfandyourhearthealthycan
preventheartattacksandheartdiseaseinyourfuture.

ImmuneSystem
byMeganLambert

Thebodysorgansandprocessesthatprovideresistanceto
infection,toxinsandillnessesareapartoftheimmune
system.Organsincludingthethymus,lymphnodes,andbone
marrowareinchargeofprotectingthebodyfromtoxinsand
infections.Thissystemtypicallygrowsstrongerwithage.
Thosewithpoorimmunesystemsmaybemoresusceptibleto
manydifferentdiseasesandillnesses.

Infancy
byKimberlyCastro

Infancyistheearlystageofdevelopment
duringahumanslifethatoftenshapesthe
personshealth.Thisstagepowerfully
influencesadolescentandadulthealthinthe
futureandcanhelppreventdiseases.Infancy
isastateofhighlevelsofmortalityduetothe
fragilityofthebodyatthisstate.

Illness
byAlamAlvelais:

Illnessisbeinginanunhealthystateofmindandbody,
oftenassociatedwithmentaldiseasesandearlyprogressed
diseases.Illnessescanformfromunhealthyhabits,suchas
poornutrition,andearlychildhoodincidentssuchas
osteoporosis.Withoutpropercareofonesbody,illnesses
areaneasytargetforanindividual,consideringthatillness
comesinmanyformsthatcanseverelyaffectaperson's
life.

Jogging
byOliviaKucan

Joggingorrunningisapopularformofphysical
activitythatcanhelpbuildstrongbonesand
muscles,improvecardiovascularfitness,helpto
maintainahealthybodyweightandprovideoverall
healthyfitness.Whilestillyoung,joggingwill
promotehealthylifestylechoicesandhabitsinyouth,
whichwillleadtoahealthyfuture.

Joints
byDylanTagg

Jointsarepointsinthebodywheretwobonesconnect
andallowpartstomove.Theyaremadeupofcartilage
andconnectivetissueconnectedtothebonesand
musclesthroughligamentsandtendons.
Jointsare
veryimportantformobility.Keepingactivewhileyoung
willstrengthenthetendonsandothercomponentsthat
makeupthejointandpreventmobilityproblemsinthe
future.

Kidney
byMorganPost

Akidneyisoneoftwoorgansthatexcreteswaste
products,suchasurine,thatarearesultofthe
metabolism.
Kidneysalsohelpmaintainanormalblood
pHlevel.HavinganormalbloodpHlevelkeepsproteins
fromundergoingchangeswhichwouldaffecttheir
efficiency.Kidneysareespeciallyvulnerableduring
adolescence,whendrugsandsubstancescanaffectthem
greatly.Itisimportanttokeepthemhealthyatayoung
age.

KungFu
byCanaanDellaVecchia

Unlikemanyothermartialarts,KungFuisanaerobic,working
cardioandendurancebasedfightingstyle.Thisisopposedtoan
anaerobicart,whichexclusivelyworksstrength.KungFu
originatedinChinaandprovidesmanystrengthandendurance
relatedexercises.Aspectsofmentaldisciplineandoverallmental
healtharealsoimplementedinmostmartialarts.

Kale
byCanaanDellaVecchia

Kaleisaleafygreenaswellasasuperfoodthatis
richinfiber,whichcleansyourcolonandhelpsfood
movefasterthroughyourintestines.Kalecontains
vitaminsA,C,K,andfolate,avariationofvitaminB
necessaryforbraindevelopment
.
Protein,which
helpsallpartsofthecellfunctionproperly,mayalso
befoundwithinthepropertiesofkale.

Lifestyle
byKiraMcKessonandMayaSaulino

Decisionsmadefromapersonsdevelopingyears
determinethefuturehealthofanindividualorgroupof
persons.Thesedecisionscanconsistofphysical
fitness/activity,choiceofdiet,substance/drugabuse,and
anysocialorpersonalinteraction.Poorlifestylechoicescan
negativelyaffectoverallhealthandmayleadtodisease,
whilegoodlifestylechoiceswillleadtoahealthylife.

Lipids
byKiraMcKessonandMayaSaulino

Lipidsarekeystructuralcomponentsofalivingcell
comprisedofcarbohydratesandfats.Acertainamount
oflipidsisvitaltoahealthylifestyle.Havingtoomany
ortoolittlemaycauseanumberofdisordersand
abnormalitiesincholesterollevels(amountoffatin
blood).

Longevity
byKiraMcKessonandMayaSaulino

Thedurationorlengthoflifeofalivingthingiscalled
longevity.Humansthatdevelophealthyhabits,exercise
regularlyandfueltheirbodywithnutritiousfoodaremore
likelytolivealongerandfullerlife.Superfoodsthat
contributetoincreasedlifeincludeblueberries,spinach,fish
andbroccoli.Dietcanbothpositivelyandnegativelyaffect
oneslife.

MuscularSystem
byZachPaine

Themuscularsystemismadeupofallthemusclesofthe
body,collectivelyallowingmovement,posture,andcirculation.
Withoutthemuscularsystem,wewouldntbeabletoeven
moveletalonestayinshape.Differenttypesofmuscles,such
asvisceral,cardiac,andskeletal,areresponsiblefordifferent
functionsinthebody.Musclecanbebuiltupthroughvigorous
exercise.

Metabolism
byChrisBerarducci

Metabolismisachemicalprocessthatsustainslife
bybreakingdownsubstancesinanorganism.Itis
activeeverysecondofourlives,keepingusina
healthierstate.Exercisecanchangemetabolismby
makingitworkfasterwiththeheart.Without
metabolism,wewouldnothaveenergyormaintain
weighteasily.Metabolismisaffectedbythe
healthinessofthefoodthatoneeats.

MentalHealth
byHopeGolden

Apersonsmentalhealthdetermineshowsecuretheir
emotionalstateandmentalwellbeingis.Poormental
healthcancausehighlevelsofdistressinan
individual.Thisdistresscanleadtooverallfrustration
abouttheindividual'sviewofthemselvesandothers.
Itcancauseconditionssuchaspanicattacksand
highcholesterol.Onesfutureaspirationscanbe
impairedbylowselfesteem.

N
Neurology
byStefanStojanovic

Theareainbiologyandmedicinethatstudiestheorganicdisorders
ofnerves,anatomy,functions,andthenervoussystem.Itisvery
importantbecauseitcontrolsemotionsthatcancausepeopleto
developunhealthyeatingandexercisehabits.Ifonedevelops
unhealthyeatingandfitnesshabits,itcouldleadtomanyhealth
issuesincludingheartattacksorstroke.

NervousSystem
bySeanRusso

Thenervoussystemisagroupofcellsthatsendimpulsesthroughout
thebody.Itsvitaltoahealthybody,whenonedetectsaninjurywhile
exercising.Italsohelpsdetectfoodthatisnottypicallydigested,such
asveryprocessedfoodinapersonwhodoesnotusuallyconsume
processedfood.

Nucleus
byAnayeliVasquez

Aroundedstructureboundbyadoublemembraneiscalledanucleus.An
organelleincellswithanucleuswhichhaveDNA,includesalllivingthings.The
nucleuscontrolsactivityofthecell.Itsessentialtohumanlifebecauseitcontains
geneticinformationthatallowstraitstobepasseddownanddetermineones
physicalcharacteristics.

Obesity
ByDenzelBeasley

Obesityisa
medicaltermdescribinganexcessive
amountofbodyfat.Obesitymeansoneis
overweightfortheirheightorsize.30.034.9body
massindexisconsideredobese.Obesityalsocan
leadtochronicdiseases,likeheartdisease,
stroke,arthritis,diabetes,evensomeformsof
cancer.Beingphysicallyactivealongwitha
properdietcancureorpreventobesity.

Osteoporosis
byNicholasRidley

Acommonbonedisease,osteoporosis,reducesthe
densityofbonesinthebody,increasingtheriskof
damageinbones.Themostcommoncausesforthisis
thelackofcalciumorvitaminD,genetics,substance
abuse,orareductionofhormonesinthebody.
Osteoporosiscanbeeasilypreventedthroughlivinga
healthylifestyleregularexerciseandproperamountsof
nutrients.

Oxygen
byNicholasRidley

Anaturalelement,oxygenisoneofthefouressentialcomponents
forlifeonearth.Foundinnearlyeveryproteinandeverycellis
oxygen.Beingusedineveryfunctionofthehumanbody,itiscrucial
tohumanhealth.Havingalackofoxygencanleadtotrouble
thinking,whilehavingsufficientoxygenwillimprovementalclarity
andmovement.

Protein
bySavannahPipp

Proteinsarelarge,complexmoleculesthatserveasvitalnutrients
usedasanenergysourcebythebody.Proteinsfunctionasbody
tissuethatmakeupmostofahumanorganism,alsocarrying
oxygenthroughtheblood.Ahighinproteindiet,includingeggs,
poultry,nuts,seafood,redmeat,anddairyisessentialforahealthy
andpositivelifestyle.

Prevention
byJakeMurphy

Preventionistheactofhinderingor
stoppingathreatorpotentialthreat.
Differentvirusesordiseasesprevent
specificorgansormusclesfromworking.
Theimmunesystem'sjobistoprevent
virusesfromcompromisingapersons
wellbeing.Takingactiontodayto
improveoneshealthcanpreventthe
riskofdiseaselaterinlife.

PhysicalEducation
byLucerito

Physicaleducationisteachingothersabouttheimportanceof
havingahealthylife.Thistopicisnotonlyimportantfor
adolescents,butalsoforadultsbecausetheconsequencesof
notknowingcanleadtolonglastingdisease.Thebenefits
physicaleducationcanprovideknowledgeandskills.These
skillsincludeabilitytocommunicatewithothers,building
motorskills,beingacriticalandcreativethinker.

Qualitative
byJulianCervantesandMcCallChristiansen
Studyingdatabyrecordingthequality,description,ortraitsofan
observationisknownasqualitativedata.Forexample,moodscanbe
measuredthroughqualitativemeansafterperformingmentaland
physicalexercises.Moodscannotbemeasuredonanumericalscale,
butinsteadwithqualityresponses.Onecananalyzetheresponses
underasingularconceptbygroupingthemintocategoricalsections.

Quantitative
byJulianCervantes

Quantitativedataisstudyingdatausingvaluesthatcan
bemeasuredinanumericalform.Forexample,
exercisingcanberecordedinaquantitativestudy,by
observingthenumericalvaluesofeachpersonsmile
time,pushupcount,andheartrate.Thegathereddata
canbeusedtodevelopevenmorefindings,includingthe
mean,standarddeviation,quartiles,andzscore.

Quadriceps
byMcCallChristiansen

Anextensormuscleinthelegcomprisedoffourpartsiscalleda
quadricep.Thisconnectstothecalftohelpthebodyperformleg
movements.Altogether,thesemusclesfunctionandcontributeto
exercise,includingrunning,swimming,andcycling.Workingoutthis
musclecanbebeneficialtoonescardiovascularhealthand
improvingthelowerbodysphysicalcapacity.

RNA
byEmilyDavis
RNAistheabbreviationforribonucleicacid.Astrandof
moleculeslocatedinacell,RNAhasmanydifferenttypesof
moleculesfordifferentfunctionsinthebody.DifferentRNA
strandscancarrygeneticinformationforproteins,diseases,
andregulatingcells.WithoutRNA,proteinswouldnotbeable
tofunctionproperlyandcellswouldbecomecancerous.

Running
byMikaylaElliot

Running,atypeofcardioworkouthelpstheheart
andbodybecomestronger.Runningreducesthe
riskofheartattacks,highcholesterol,diabetes,and
otherheartdiseases.Itisalsoabigfactorto
becominghealthyandphysicallyfit,andcanserve
asausefuloutlettostressandnegativeemotions.

RespiratorySystem

TherespiratorysystemIsresponsibleforsupplyingyourbodywithoxygen
andexpellingcarbondioxide.Manyteensexperimentwithcigarettesand
drugswhichcandamageyourrespiratorysystem,makingbreathingmore
difficult.Thismeansthatlessoxygenisadmittedintothebloodstream,
allowingothersystemslessenergytoperformproperly.

S
Stressby
AllieChazen

Stressisachemicalreactiontoemotionaldistressina
personslife.Itcanaffectteensphysicallyaswellas
mentally.Stresscaneruptintomoreemotionalorphysical
disruptionssuchasdepressioniftheydontmanageit.
Treatmentstartsbybeingawareofsymptomsthentaking
actionwhichcanincludemeditating,therapyorremoving
stressfulsituationsfromdailylife.

SkeletalSystemby
JaredDavis

Theskeletalsystemisthestructureofcalciumsuppliedbonesthat
makeuptheinteriorsupportsystemforhumans.Moderateexercise
atanappropriateagemakesforhealthybones.Whenapersons
bodyisntcapableofdoingcertainactivities,lastingdamageto
bonescanresult.Foroptimalskeletalhealth,consumeagood
amountofcalciumandvitaminDalongwithexercise.

Sleep
by

IanCourtney

Sleepisthestateofmuscle
relaxationthatmammalsuseto
conserveenergy.Whileasleep,the
bodyregeneratesitselfandrepairs
tissues,growsmuscle,and
synthesizesprotein.
Sleep
increasesadolescentsgrowthrate
andisalsoverycrucialaspectfor
teenstofunctionproperly,who
needabout81/2hours.Lackof
sleepleadstolimitationsin
learning,concentration,andfocus.

Teenager
byBelleBarreiroSeiden,QuinnPear,
andMikeyKnowles

Adolescentsages1319whoareofteninfluencedby
socialmedia,currenttrends,andthepeoplewho
surroundthemduringthesetimesofdevelopment.These
influences,aswellasstressandamountsofphysical
activity,impacttheirphysicalandmentalhealthdaily.
Exerciseiscrucialduringtheseyearsbecauseboth
malesandfemalesareinatransformativetimeofgrowth.

TimeManagement
byBelleBarreiroSeiden,QuinnPear,
andMikeyKnowles

Prioritizationoftimeaddressingproductivityandefficiencydefines
timemanagement.Ithelpsstudentsbalanceschoolworkand
activities.Whensomeoneisabletomanagetheirtimewellcan
reducestress,andhelpimmunesystemfightoffviruses,bacteria,
anddiseases.Eatingright,exercisingregularly,andgettingenough
sleephavemajorbenefits,aslistedaboveandlowertheriskof
mentalhealthdisorders.

Transformation
byBelleBarreiro
Seiden,QuinnPear,andMikeyKnowles

Thestagesofpubertyfoundinteensbegins
between1016yearsold.Thistransformation
ofanadolescentchangesboththephysical
andmentalaspectsoftheirbody.Thisdrastic
changeresultsintheneedformoreof
essentialnutrientsthataidinchangeand
developmentofthebody.Someofthese
essentialnutrientsinclude:calcium,omega3,
vitamins,zinc,iron,andprotein.

Upset
byChrisMuoz

Beingupsetisanemotionandastateofmentality.Some
causescouldbeanunexpectedresultofasituation,such
assomeone'semotionalstatebeingharmed.Beingupset
shouldntbeoverlooked,itcouldoverwhelmoneand
possiblyprovokeirrationalthoughtsandlowselfesteem.
Thiscanaffectonesphysicalhealth,makingthemmore
susceptibletodisease.Physicalactivitycanalsohelp
improveonesmentalhealth.

Ultrasound
byDianaRothman

Anultrasoundisamachinethatreadssoundwaves
createdandrecapturedbyahandhelddevice.This
proceduredoesnotrequireentryintothebodyandallows
fortheobservationofabnormalchanges.Ultrasoundsare
usedtodiagnosebodilyproblemsinearlystageswithout
potentialrisks.Thisisespeciallyusefulfordetectingheart
relatedissueslikearterialblockage.

Underweight
byBilalSalinggih

Underweightisaconditioninwhichapersonsbodyweightissignificantly
belowwhatisconsideredhealthy,usuallyassociatedwithotherconditions
suchasmalnutrition,anorexia,andosteoporosis.Underweightisa
concernforadolescents,whoareintheirmostcriticalpartofmentaland
physicaldevelopment.Onecangainweightbyincreasingtheircalorie
intake,workingout,andeatingfoodrichinnutrition.

Vitamins
byAlanaHey

Organicsubstancesofmanydifferentvarietiescalled
vitaminsareusedforgrowth,tomaintainhealthandaidwith
disordersinteensandadults.Vitaminsaretakenseparately
becauseourbodiesareunabletocreatecertainnutrientswe
need.VitaminCbenefitstheimmunesystem,vitaminD
helpsbonehealth.Vitaminsfromthefoodsweeatevery
day,suchasmilk,beansandfruit.

Vaccine
byJoshuaLundblade

Vaccinesaremedicalsubstancesusedasa
pretreatmenttopreventcontractingaspecific
illnessessuchasdiseasesandvirusesinteensand
adults.Administeredatyoungages,themainpurpose
istoinformtheimmunesystembeforehandand
strengthenagainstthesetypesofdiseasesby
producingantibodies.Thismakesoneimmunetothe
diseasespecifictothevaccine.

VascularSystem
byMykaelaBarnes

Thevascularsystemconsistsofarteriesandvesselsthatcarrybloodfrom
theheartthroughoutthebody.Thevascularsystemisresponsiblefor
regulatingtemperature,transportingnutrients,andmaintaininganoverall
balanceoffluids.Ifpoorexercise,eating,andsmokinghabitsaredeveloped
atayoungage,individualsaremoresusceptibletovasculardisease,which
cancauseheartattacks,strokes,andaneurysms.

Wellness
ByBrendaArellano

Thestateoffullphysical,mental,andsocialhealth,and
comfortconstitutesaswellness.Wellnessisaconstant
actionofchangeandgrowth.Therearesevenequalparts
tothewellnesscycle:occupational,emotional,spiritual,
environmental,physical,social,andintellectual.Teenscan
reachthebesthealthlevelbybeingawareofhowto
maintaineachofthedimensionsofwellness.

WeightManagement
ByAlekseiStojanovic

Weightmanagementistheactionorprocessofeating
certainfoodsordieting.Itsaboutengagingincertain
exercisestotogaintoloseormaintainonesweight.A
healthyweightcanpreventchronicdiseasesdirectly
influencedbycardiovascularhealth.Overweightor
underweightbodiesaremoreinfluencedbydiseases
suchasheartdisease,strokes,highbloodpressure,
andosteoarthritis.

WillPower
AlekseiStojanovic

Willpoweristheactionorpsychologicalidea
ofcarryingoutonesintentionsforaspecific
reason.Theseintentionsinmostcaseshave
todowithhealthylifestyleandhealthchoices.
Willpoweristhoughtofasamentalmuscle
thatstrengthenseverytimeonespure
intentionsovercometemptationlikesmoking,
drinking,eatingjunkfood,andsittingonthe
couchinsteadofexercising.

X,Y

XRay
byBrylerBarnhillandNoahWilfert

Xraysuse

electromagneticradiationtoseethrough
structuresofthebodyandthencreateimagesofthe
structures.Throughthis,doctorsareabletoseethesize,
shapeandlocationofbones.Onecanseetheamountof
calciuminyourbonesfatandmuscles.Whilebeing
active,childrenandteenscaninjurethemselves.An
XRayisusedtodiagnosetheinjury.

Yoga
byAlannaOzun

Yogaisaphysical,mental,andspiritual
practice.Itiscomposedofaseriesof
differentexercisesandposes,aimingto
promotephysicalandmentalwellness.
Doing
yogaimprovesflexibility,relaxesmuscles,and
helpstofocusthemind.Likeanytypeof
physicalactivity,yogareleasesendorphinsin
thebrain,whichhelptoimprovemoodand
relievestress.

Zone,HealthyFitness
by

SerinaChavez,SeanMcBride,&
CammiElliott

Oftendescribedbyonesage,gender,andactivitylevels,theHealthy
FitnessZoneisanideallevelofhealthonestrivestobein.
Ratherthan
comparingapersontoothers,oneiscomparedtoageneral
predeterminedlevel.
Inschools,teensandadolescentsshould
participateinphysicalactivityandeducationtoreachtheselevelsin
ordertobeconsideredhealthy.

Zen
by

SerinaChavez,SeanMcBride,&
CammiElliott

Thestateofmindorlifethathonorscompletepeace
andenlightenment,zenisusuallyacquiredthrough
repeatedmeditationandyoga.Zenisviewedas
mentalhealthandisencouragedinthosewhoare
oftenstressed.Achievingzenthroughmeditationis
anidealandrecommendedtoolformaintaininga
healthymindinteensoradolescents.

WorksCited:

A
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/aerobics?&o=100074&s=t
http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/a/aerobic_exercise.htm
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/age
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/athletics
B
http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthyliving/fitness/indepth/exercise/art20048389?pg=1
http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/04/02/howexercisecanhelpyoulivelonger/?_r=0
http://www.fitday.com/fitnessarticles/fitness/exercises/whyexercisebooststheimmunesyste
m.html#b
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/teenbrain/
http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=160&ContentID=3
5

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bonediseases.html
http://bones.ame.nd.edu/factsheet1.pdf
C
http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/CalciumHealthProfessional/#h2
http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/Bone_Health/Nutrition/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22256/
http://www.genome.gov/26524120
http://www.innerbody.com/anatomy/cardiovascularmale
http://healthyliving.azcentral.com/listbenefitscardiovascularendurance6457.html
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11059

D
http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/enhanceyourwellbeing/health/dietnutrition/whatdietn
utrition
http://www.fitness.gov/eathealthy/whyisitimportant/
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/DNA
http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/disease

E
http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/exercise
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/environment

F
http://www.healthline.com/health/depression/mentalfitness

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_fitness
http://www.genesinlife.org/genesyourhealth/howdogenesimpacthealthanddisease
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK19932/
http://www.myfoodrecord.com/terms/fat.html

G
http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/hgp/genome

http://www.precisionnutrition.com/researchreviewfructosevsglucose
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose#Energy_source
https://www.google.com/#q=genetics+definition
H
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=55001
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/habit
http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/humanbody/heart.html

I
www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/english/immunesystem
and
www.kidshealth.org/parent/general/body_basics/immune.html#
http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/infancy
http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/illness
J
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Running_and_jogging?open
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4074
K
http://www.webmd.com/foodrecipes/kalenutritionandcooking
L
http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/lifestyle
http://medicaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lifestyle
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/lipid
http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/longevity

M
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/muscular+system
http://www.innerbody.com/image/musfov.html#fulldescription
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/metabolism?searchDictCod
e=all
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/mentalhealth

N
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/neurology?q=Neurology
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/nervoussystem?q=nervous
+system
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/nucleus?searchDictCode=a

O
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/obesity.html
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001400/

P
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6554
http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/whatshouldyoueat/protein/
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/prevention
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/physical+education

Q
http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/qualitative
http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/quantitative
http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/quadriceps

R
http://www.rnasociety.org/about/whatisrna/
http://exercise.about.com/cs/cardioworkouts/a/cardio101.htm
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/running
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/respiratory+system
http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/respiratory%20system

S
http://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/stress
http://www.innerbody.com/image/skelfov.html#fulldescription
http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/matters/benefitsofsleep/whydowesleep

http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/teenage
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/time+management
http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/transformatio
n
www.medicinenet.com/puberty/article.htm

U
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/upset
http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/ultrasound
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003336.htm
http://www.mayoclinic.org/testsprocedures/ultrasound/basics/definition/prc20020341
http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthyliving/nutritionandhealthyeating/expertanswers/underwei
ght/faq20058429

V
ht
tp://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/vitami
http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/vaccine?show=0&t=1417545624
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/cardiovascular_diseases/overview_of
_the_vascular_system_85,P08254/
http://www.vascularcures.org/aboutvasculardisease/howtopreventvasculardisease

W
http://www.surgeryencyclopedia.com/StWr/WeightManagement.html
http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/willpowerliving.aspx

X
http://www.healthofchildren.com/UZ/XRays.html
http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/xrayapplicationsxrays.html
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/xrays.html

Y
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/yoga
http://www.webmd.com/fitnessexercise/tc/yogatopicoverview
http://yoga.org.nz/whatisyoga/yoga_definition.htm
Z
http://www.fitnessgram.net/faqs/parentsfaqenglish
http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/zen