TP ON DU KH VIT NAM

TRNG I HC DU KH VIT NAM

O LNG AN TON

Tu dch v du kh b m chm
5 gi sng ngy 12/5/2005, tu Mimosa ca Cng ty Dch v K thut
Du kh (PTSC) ang hot ng khu vc m i Hng b tu Trinity
ti trng 35.000 tn m chm khi i ngang qua.
16 thuyn vin trn tu c tu dch v khc ang hot ng gn
cu sng v a vo b.
2 tu dch v c vi cc trang thit b ng ph du trn c iu
ng ra hin trng phng nga du trn. Trinity c yu cu di
chuyn v Vng Tu phc v cho vic iu tra, lm r nguyn nhn
xy ra tai nn.
Cng ty Bo him du kh (PVI) s iu tra v xem xt bi thng cho
ch tu Mimosa ng thi tin hnh i trch nhim t pha ch tu
Trinity theo php lut hin hnh v tp qun hng hi quc t.
(Bo Thanh Nin)

5. O LNG AN TON
5.1 S CN THIT
You can not manage what you can not measure
(Ci g bn khng o lng c th bn s khng qun l
c n)
Drucker

If you do not know where you are going, chances are you will
end up somewhere else.
(Nu bn khng bit mnh ang i u, th bn cn cha
bit u l ch n)
Berra
Khng bit o lng s khng bit h thng qun l hot
ng nh th no

5. O LNG AN TON
5.2 YU CU CA MT CNG C O LNG TT
U VO
Cc mi nguy
cha c
kim sot

H THNG

Cc mc kim
sot

U RA

MC TIU

Cc mi nguy
c kim
sot

Khng tai
nn
Khng
nhim bnh
C ng hi
lng

Mt cng c o lng tt:

Ph hp v mt hnh chnh
Cc ch tiu c th lng ha c
C th i chiu c vi cc c s d liu
C th dng phn tch, nh gi thng k
Nhy cm vi s thay i

5. O LNG AN TON
5.3 O LNG MI NGUY

Mi nguy l mt dng e da tim n, cha xy ra,

ch c th d bo.
Cc hot ng khc nhau s to ra cc mi nguy khc
nhau.
Nu gim cc mi nguy, s gim mc ri ro.
Qun l cc mi nguy da trn s lng, bn cht,
phn b v mc nghim trng.

5. O LNG AN TON
5.3 O LNG MI NGUY

o c mi nguy:
C nhng mi nguy no ?
Mc nghim trng ?
Nhng b phn no phi i mt ?
Mi nguy c thay i theo thi gian ?
Kh nng loi b hay gim thiu mi
nguy ?
Kh nng can thip thay i cc
mi nguy ?

What hazards to driver ?

5. O LNG AN TON
5.4 O LNG NGUYN NHN
5.4.1 Nguyn nhn trc tip

Nguyn nhn trc tip (tnh hung gy tai nn) l triu

chng ca tai nn, c s phn tch, tm ra nguyn
nhn c bn.
bit nguyn nhn trc tip:
Nghin cu din bin ca chui s kin
iu kin mi trng
Phn tch thng k
D bo xu hng

5. O LNG AN TON
5.4 O LNG NGUYN NHN
5.4.1 Nguyn nhn trc tip

Xc nh:
Hnh vi no di chun ?
iu kin no di chun ?
Hnh vi di chun l cc hnh vi khng
c tiu chun cho php
(ng di kin hng, ng cu chn gin
khoan, ln xung cu thang khng vn lan
can, khng tht giy an ton khi li t...)

5. O LNG AN TON
5.4 O LNG NGUYN NHN
5.4.1 Nguyn nhn trc tip

Xc nh:
Hnh vi no di chun ?
iu kin no di chun ?
iu kin di chun l iu kin khng t
tiu chun:
(Sa cha in khi li in khng c
ngt, lm vic ngoi boong tu khi bin
ng mnh, ngi trn t khng c giy an
ton, lm vic trong kho trong iu kin
khng thng gi v sng)

5. O LNG AN TON
5.4 O LNG NGUYN NHN
5.4.2 Nguyn nhn c bn
Nguyn nhn c bn cn gi l nguyn nhn gc (Root cause), l iu kin
dn n cc hnh vi di chun v iu kin di chun.
tm nguyn nhn gc:
V sao c hnh vi di chun (Yu t con ngi)
V sao c iu kin di chun (Yu t cng vic)

5. O LNG AN TON
5.4 O LNG NGUYN NHN
5.4.2 Nguyn nhn c bn
V d:
Tai nn do t cp cn cu:
Hnh vi di chun: ng di kin hng
iu kin di chun: Cp khng bn.
Cc cu hi:
i vi hnh vi di chun
c hng dn vn hnh cn cu ? Hng dn
y ? (Sot xt qui trnh vn hnh)
Kin hng c vt ti trng cho php (Sot xt qui
trnh vn hnh)
Cng nhn c o to ? (Sot xt v o to)
Cng nhn c tun th cc tiu chun ? (Kim tra s
tun th)

5. O LNG AN TON
5.4 O LNG NGUYN NHN
5.4.2 Nguyn nhn c bn
V d:
Tai nn do t cp cn cu:
Hnh vi di chun: ng di kin hng
iu kin di chun: Cp khng bn.
Cc cu hi:
i vi iu kin di chun
Cht lng cp c bo m ? (Kim tra nh thu,
dch v mua hng)
C kim tra, bo tr thng xuyn ? (Sot xt qui
nh bo tr)
Nguyn nhn gc c th nm :
Qui trnh vn hnh
o to
S tun th
Kim sot nh thu
Cng tc bo tr

5. O LNG AN TON
5.4 O LNG NGUYN NHN

5.4.2 Nguyn nhn c bn

5. O LNG AN TON
5.4 O LNG NGUYN NHN
5.4.3 Nguyn nhn tim tng

Xc nh nguyn nhn sau khi tai nn xy

ra l gii php th ng.
Xu hng ngy nay l d bo nguyn nhn
tim tng da trn cc nghin cu, kho
st, m phng (con ngi, thit b, cng
ngh).
y l bin php ngn nga ch ng.
Cn c nhm cn b c kin thc, giu
kinh nghim (cng ngh, qun l, ATSK).

5. O LNG AN TON
5.5 O LNG S KIM SOT

H thng QLATSK l qu trnh chuyn ha cc mi nguy

khng kim sot thnh cc ri ro c kim sot.
Nhng thnh t quan trng ca h thng qun l ATSK
gm:
Chnh sch an ton sc khe
Xy dng, t chc
Lp k hoch, thc hin
o lng thc hin
Thanh tra, sot xt

5. O LNG AN TON
5.5 O LNG S KIM SOT
Chnh sch

Pht trin chnh sch

Xy dng h thng

Thanh tra (Audit)

Lp k hoch &
Trin khai

o lng hot ng

Phn hi ci tin
Sot xt

5. O LNG AN TON
5.5 O LNG S KIM SOT
5.5.1 Chnh sch

Chnh sch ATSK c c vit v ph

bin trong ton n v bng vn bn ?
Chnh sch c ph hp lut php v kh
thi ?
c cp nht ?
ang c thc thi c hiu qu ?

5. O LNG AN TON
5.5 O LNG KIM SOT
5.5.2 Xy dng h thng
H thng qun l ATSK c c lp
hay khng ?
Mc thch hp ?
Qu trnh trin khai ?
S tham gia ca tng c nhn, b
phn v ton h thng
S trao i thng tin trong ton h
thng
Bo m nng lc cn thit ca mi
c nhn

5. O LNG AN TON
5.5 O LNG S KIM SOT
5.5.3 Lp k hoch v trin khai
Vic o lng y xem xt cng vic lp k hoch c c thc hin hay
khng, mc thch hp v thc trng trin khai thc hin k hoch :
Cng b v ph bin cc k hoch
Pht trin h thng kim sot ri ro.
Xc nh cc u tin da trn nh gi ri ro
Bo m s cn bng gia ngun lc v mc tiu
Vn hnh, duy tr v ci thin h thng.
Pht trin vn ha an ton sc khe.

5. O LNG AN TON
5.5 O LNG S KIM SOT
5.5.4 Hot ng o lng qu trnh thc hin
Hot ng theo k hoch ?
Mc tiu t hay khng ?
5.5.5 Thanh tra v sot xt
C thanh tra hay khng ?
Mc ph hp ?
Hiu qu ?

5. O LNG AN TON
5.6 O LNG HU QU
Hu qu bao gm cc thit hi v ngi (ngy lm vic, tn
thng, t vong), ti sn, mi trng, thng hiu.
Tr li c nhng cu hi:
Hu qu gm nhng g (tn thng, thit mng, h hi ti
sn) ?
Xy ra u ?
Mc nghim trng ?
Hu qu tim tng tip theo ?
Chi ph l bao nhiu ?
Cn phi lm g ci thin h thng qun l an ton sc
khe ?
Nhng iu ni trn liu c thay i theo thi gian, ci no s
tr nn tt hn, ci no s xu i ?

5. O LNG AN TON
5.6 O LNG HU QU
5.6.1 Mt s ch s o lng hu qu thng dng
T l t vong FAR (Fatal Accident Rate)
S ngi cht trong 108 gi lm vic (108 l s gi lm vic trung bnh ca
50.000 ngi trong thi gian 1 nm)

=
. 108

S gi phi nhim (exposed) ngh nghip l s gi lm vic ca ngi lao

ng.
gin khoan ngoi khi, gi lm vic mi ngy thng l 12 gi. Mt s nc
(V d Nauy) coi s gi c mt trn gin khoan l s gi phi nhim ngh
nghip. Trong gio trnh ny s gi lao ng gin khoan mi ngy l 12 gi.

5. O LNG AN TON
5.6 O LNG HU QU
5.6.1 Mt s ch s o lng hu qu thng dng
V d:
M Du Beta ngoi khi trong khong thi gian 30 nm pht
trin v khai thc c tng cng 7 ngi cht v tai nn lao ng.
S ngi c mt m trung bnh l 1250 ngi, thi gian lm
vic mi ngy l 12 gi. Hy tnh ch s FAR.
Tng s gi lm vic= (30 nm x 365 ngy x 12 gi x 1250 ngi)
= 164.250.000 gi
FAR = 7 : 164.250.000 x 108 = 4,26
T gi tr FAR cho thy m Beta c mc an ton xp x mc
trung bnh ton cu cho nhng ngi lm vic ngoi khi (4,44)
v tt hn so vi khu vc Bin Bc.

5. O LNG AN TON
5.6 O LNG HU QU
5.6.1 Mt s ch s o lng hu qu thng dng
Mc ri ro c nhn cho mt nm (IRPA Individual Risk Per Annum)
IRPA c tnh theo cng thc:

=
. 2000

Ch s IRPA thng c dng nh gi mc ri ro cho mi c nhn lm
vic trong mt iu kin nht nh.
IRPA >10-3 cho thy tnh trng mt an ton nghim trng, cn phi c nhng
gii php cn bn ci thin, thm ch c th phi dng sn xut.

10-5 <IRPA< 10-3: L mc an ton c th chp nhn trong thc t, nhng cn c

bin php gim thiu mc ri ro.
IRPA < 10-5: Tnh trng an ton tt, ch cn theo di m khng cn thc hin
thc hin thm bin php gim thiu no.

5. O LNG AN TON
5.6 O LNG HU QU
5.6.1 Mt s ch s o lng hu qu thng dng
Mc ri ro c nhn IRPA ngnh xy dng mt s nc v khu
vc
TT

Nc/khu vc

IRPA

Nm

13.10-5

1996

Php

112.10-5

1996

115.10-5

1996

Ireland

18.10-5

1996

Italia

114.10-5

1996

Anh

13.10-5

2009

Hoa K

11.10-5

2006

EU

5. O LNG AN TON
5.6 O LNG HU QU
5.6.1 Mt s ch s o lng hu qu thng dng
Mc ri ro c nhn cho mt nm (IRPA Individual Risk Per Annum)
Bi tp ti ch
Trong qu 4 nm 2013, Cng ty Asia Drilling thc hin ng thi 4 ging khoan
ngoi khi. Thi gian thc hin mi ging khoan ko di 90 ngy, c mt
thng xuyn trn mi gin l 120 ngi. Mi ngi trn gin lm vic 12 gi
mi ngy, c sau 15 ngy li c ngh 15 ngy trn b. Trong thi gian ny c
mt cng nhn khoan b cht do tai nn lao ng. Gi s rng tnh cht cng
vic v iu kin lm vic trn cc gin l nh nhau. Tnh mc ri ro c
nhn IRPA v nh gi mc an ton trong cc trng hp:
- Thi gian phi nhim lao ng l 12 gi lm vic mi ngy
- Thi gian phi nhim lao ng l thi gian c mt trn gin

5. O LNG AN TON
5.6 O LNG HU QU
5.6.1 Mt s ch s o lng hu qu thng dng
Gii
Trng hp thi gian phi nhim lao ng l 12 gi lm vic mi ngy
Tng thi gian phi nhim lao ng:
T = 90 ngy x 12 gi x 120 ngi x 4 ging = 518.400 gi
IRPA = (1/T).2000 = (1/518.400).2000 = 3,86.10-3
Do thi gian thc t ca mi cng nhn ch l mt na (15 ngy lm, 15 ngy
ngh) nn:
IRPA = IRPA /2 = 3,86.10-3/2 =1,93. 10-3
Mt an ton nghim trng cn phi c gii php cn bn, c th dng d n
Trng hp thi gian phi nhim lao ng l thi gian c mt trn gin:
Tng thi gian phi nhim lao ng:
T = 90 ngy x 24 gi x 120 ngi x 4 ging = 1.036.800 gi
IRPA = (1/T).2000 = (1/1.036.800).2000 = 1,93.10-3
Do thi gian thc t ca mi cng nhn ch l mt na (15 ngy lm, 15 ngy
ngh) nn:
IRPA = IRPA /2 = 1,93.10-3/2 = 0,96. 10-3
Mt an ton nghim trng, cn gii php gim thiu

5. O LNG AN TON
5.6 O LNG HU QU

5.6.1 Mt s ch s o lng hu qu thng dng

T l tn thng gy tn tt (Permannetly Disabling Injurry Rate)

=
. 108

T l s ngy cng ngh do tai nn (Working day loss)

=
. 108

Thit hi ti sn (Trang thit b, bi thng, khc phc, tn tht thng hiu)

=
. 108

5. O LNG AN TON
5.6 O LNG HU QU
5.6.2 o lng tn tht tim nng

o lng nhng tn tht tim nng l d bo tn tht v

ngi, ti sn trong tng lai mt khi xy ra tai nn (nh gi
ri ro). y l cng vic cn thit ngn nga, gim thiu
thit hi trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n, cng ty.
nh gi ri ro thng da trn c s d liu thng k, tnh
trng hot ng ca d n, nh my (cng ngh s dng, mc
nguy him, tui vn hnh), cc yu t mi trng, cng tc
qun l.

5. O LNG AN TON
5.6 O LNG HU QU
5.6.3 u im ca o lng tn tht
H tr cng tc qun l, thng c dng nh l ch tiu cn kim sot
ca cc h thng qun l
D tnh ton
Gip t nh gi t hon thin
c tha nhn (Tiu chun ha, chnh ph, cc hip hi ngnh cng
nghip s dng)
C th tham chiu cc c s d liu (Quc gia, hip hi, cng ty)

5.6.4 Hn ch ca o lng tn tht

C tnh th ng (Khng bit trc c khi no tai nn xy ra)
Qui m t chc, kinh doanh ca cc n v khc nhau, thay i theo thi
gian, s liu nhiu khi khng tnh thng k.
Thng tin d b sai lch nu khng c cc bin php kim tra (Nhn thc,
vn ha, tinh thn hp tc ca ngi qun l, ngi lao ng, bc s, c cu
tin lng, tin thng, h thng bo him, bi thng, chnh sch cng
on, th tc hnh chnh)