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***

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info@fadlullahlibrary.com

***

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|U n> R }h }x }haU L Y w}hQ

Ube= A}
Hx fU
n= hdx U {T
n _he@ kw

.Q x{[U

23

zmT v

zgT

pUnA ex Hx w
nghR }x
dU \R {hU

j= }[x

px_I
i }x
U Q Hx j= }[x
ni

neT pxaL pbx}]= n x~x}Q

hei |U }haU :bx n x~x}Q
nghU |i f cU nw{[bx U ph[_eU

.n_]U U ni
|fx neT n Yne> _IU
|i w =}bi hU

|g`T K
Q w zZT Gw m< gcw ^ \T
gdT

[=|dT w|YT :

.[ :Hx] < mv | < T mf < v

:Un_> UbU }ha> R
:@ U bfx p `U gU
Q \>}eU x}ZU }x
_aU dL ~_U : @U
bx U nUn= ZU ]B :inU @U
hdL ~_U

.d_ax nT |T |c= w
:UbhR p=nbeU :rUnU @U

n]U hY gZU :=}U @U

nghdL px}_ZU phi}bU pU ]_x p_= @U }_x {_=

i
L nfhai ni}T nY dL p_ Y padY p^adU |w @ qinT lR :bx

@U Sn= ni~@ yhbU dL ~_U w = hdx nY dU

ngfY {A
T
.Un= hdx
R \>}eU {hU
i
hY gZU =}U @U phUbY
|w

Y yx}

i = x {[U Hx n= hdx i n]U

j= {Tkx
pegU
ne_Hn= U

.( nhi x~f> :@) p`dU R }wnK

gZU ncY

24

:nbU }haU ({gU dL) \>}eU x}ZU \>}x U dL

nfU gI Y n@}U
ncR ngew
gU

nY
nY
hdL J neR ew
rB

U x nY hR hU pe[_U Rnfx xjU }haU Y efU |w }_x

.( nhi x~f> :@) Q x {[U Hx

:Un_> UbU \>}eU {hU }ha> R

m
X ~
` e T ` h | < mX

Tm<
nL{U Q Hx nei :bx [:Hx] < @ mX

neY
} x U gZU pLnfeU

ai } x w ph[_eU dL ~_U

.( nhi x~f>) }ZU nJ

fY } _ >

G\T ygYT :m ghm>

gX fYT m\A
m\T

:w gdU
n_Y p?? H]U zhZU }T|x

~_U f_e= :gU

n]B f_e= :gU

n]U hY gZU f_e= :gU

nS M H]U ob_x p?U in_eU |gU h> {_=

eA :

@U Sn= ni~@ yhbU dL ~_U Q fL nfhai @U |w gU

.(//nhU :@) Un= hdx ngfY {A T

Y ({gU dL) nH
|> |U > SeU i
R af= S

gU
}ha> R }B in_eU S ~_U f_eU
ngfY aHhU

heU
.. _ ]U
25

:Un_> US R Hx w
|U n> bx H]U zhZU lR |gU
}ax

nfU gI Y n@}U

hdL J nY ij= < mv | < T mf < v

I fL dx

.(//nhU :@)

dU \R {hU
hU ow |U ai n> w |w

.J dL

:m Tm>
c T ~w < oX^T
m\T gX m\A

ofx
(nhU ofY) }[eU }ha> R d U x = pY_U
}ha> R H]U zhZU nw}T U p`d U R gU
f_eU p?U @U
}T|x rhA Q Hx gU
}ha> R > SeU U ow|x (nhU)
dL ~_U Q fL nfhai @U |w gU

eA :}hR|= fU

@U Sn= ni~@ yhbU

ofY :@) Un= hdx ngfY {A
T
.( //nhU
.n]U hY gZU :w ngfY rUnU @U ax

(mgT dX) Q G|\T ygYT :m ^<

mfgT ^I
mX

gU)
(nhU eY) }hcU }ha> R (_ ]U
}ha> H}]U zhZU _@

nghR hU nw}L U p?U S {A

U }h` }hT
ph[_Y
pi
:bx rhA Q Hx

?
:US f_Y :ngUn?
nY nwngI (mf< v)
hU L nY U _J
26

R yS neU HU
hH dL n ew

gZU e
> x {S :nS
.(/ /nhU eY :@) Un_> dU _R Y ngi gZU

(XmT X?) Q G|\T :m XmA

pKmh o\TmdT T `h
pTmX

bx (YnU Y@) }[eU }ha> R

}Yn= w
:H}]U pY_U

:f_eU hdL ~L {[S

=@ = nw}= U ng]Une= w
]Une= qew
{bU

ng= w
{x
US |R ng]UnU = nw}= U }x{b> |Y

. dbU dU qaB
i U :nf_Y . dU qaB
i U db= qeew
UbU hdL

L nghU qLni p]UneU U qU nY ai (ng= w)

:US R }eU

hY nZU gI
{x{ZU heU U cx U U nghU {[bU ng= gU
Zx
ew
nT ne U >{ZU
n ew
nT U nfYn= dU {fL n A{eY An
eeU

.h[d eU
A {Y ne U ngegT

ninL Y ij= dU

U dS :@}U bx neT ng= gx

:Ub= {x}x x
nI (ng= w)

B
/YnU Y@ :@) dU
.(w xfIB =
U

(}g?T) Q cXm^T Xm? < < :m GmG

og^g\T
fYT oKmeX

}ax
dU nT }ha> R ~h@U) hbU
pY_U

}ha> R dYn_U }aeU

ph_h]U gZU pLnfY

egR
:Un_> US (~x~_U
nY :mf < v
nghU _J

Y nx {ex _Y nei hR nhB hR y S R nhB

{[bU

27


.(//~h@U @) _aU L ai T

:dYn_U }aeU
bx < mv | < T :Un_> UbU }ha> R

|Y U @
~_U
yhbU Y p_ineU fU
hdL
U : (ng= w)
hU _ a U
.(/ai {[eU @) ngY{bx
ng=@ n =@ {beU

:m ^<mG
(h m<) Q cdT oX^T
fYTm< fT

}T
}ha> R @ p?? (i n=) nT oAn deU pY_U
{bU :@U |w dL px i
nghin? nT (gU)
chU gZUn= gU

.@U R e_U U B{U = nw}=

U nwngI gI
R pbnaU }eU U afU rx{= gU
ngUn? nT
}ai
nfw bx {=
nZU @}dU jhg>
R bU

neU U
qfx~>
b> nR nLnfY n=nY b_U afU h= pecU gZU h=
.pecU b_U phL b> n> gZU p_h]U phL
.px_U @ L nL nw}U px p_h]U @ L nL gUnR

Y }\x ?
yUn[U @}U U nY
:bhR U|U n hh>

n[U
de> _hJ lR sdUn= }eU
U
h[U R n[U

=}I dL
|gR fY _fex {w
[A dL {x
= oi|U
fx
d= nhbU R bU
:@) eT px_U
pUnU |w qinT ned T

qinT {I
.(//i n=

28

 :m eXm>
zfYdT oX^T

fYT oKmeX \T gX

}T|x
:Un_> US }ha> R (nS{U ~fT) }ha> R {gZeU pY_U
eg=
gZU pLnfY ]U hY

}eU :neghin? hhHnH hUS mf < v

{eUn= hbU
= hdcU q> B{x neY

U nhB {[bU

~fT :@) gU
Y dU Y x~U }@
|w nhS {fL _aU L cx
.(//nS{U

|gYT z X :m ^Gm=
c^`T |?}T hm`eT gdT

heUn= ex aHhU gU
hcU }x
}hZU hgUjeU { in=}U

db_U }@~U U nL{H od]U pdA}Y U [x |U inafU

_aU dL ~L U x
A inafU
gU

n\Y {L R o_dx

hB Z= gx
}wU o= afU x}I lR :bx
ned S oh]U
w

pHnfeU {_U }U AaU Y U {bx U .>}]R R hU neY

o\Q gI nhw w hH S ai na Y pa pd`U

ni
}@~fx yhS } Yj= hR
_aU { S _x ne=
{w dbL Y }@ Sj=
Un_> nS neT _aU dL ~L }hQ Y b> dbL U inafU gU
n\Y
:@) [:Hx] < mv | < T mf < v < p
d v z a T
:Hx R
.( / x}cU }bU }ha>

mv | < T mf < v
fY YngU R n@ {S
:}eU :(}H
{S)
yhbU _R L afdU }@~U phdb_U [U Y {fL nY w nw}U <
U px}ZU n]U R @eU ihU

Y }eU
g ZU heU (gU)

29

 L gi neU L}ZU
bdU
}@~U
pdYncU pR}_eU U ynbU Y fcex nY T

gU
phdb_U

}eU hU .n inhA `fx nY _R fY SU bU pbhb= feU

:@) gx
nI : pRnZeU n= Y w :hS ...nghU {[bU ph[_eUn=

.(//x}cU }bU }ha>

: |HmK
|H
cT zK oX^T
mfgT ^I
mX

bx
{[S < p d v z a T
:(}I

}ha>) }ha> R }I
pY_U
eU {eU nhB {[bU mf < v
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]UnY

.(/}I
}ha>)

:|YK m@
mIm\T oX^T
odZ^T Qmew ^\T gdT

}x
nJn]U pY_U
q> L @}U Y|Y }hQ _]U gU

.(//~heU :@) pe[_U Rnfx ilR UnUn= hdcU

:|YK hm>
|gYT mbX oX^T
}w|_T a^T g< |w|dT |ZT

[A {S i (}hZU ncY }ni @}eU) Y }ha> oAn }x

paJnU p^dU d> R Q Hx {fL b_U ~x}`U h= }x}Y

}
S
pHnU
nT Q i A pYjeU

{h = pxngU pRnA U }fx

.(//Y :@) ~x}`U nRJ qY~w {S [bU b_U nex

30

cT [Q zgT
|g`= oA

ni nghR }x
ph_hJ
px_I
pUnA R mf < v
: {hU

bx

n? @ R h_x nI
_h]U Y }hca> Y n x~x}Q

ai R U ~x}Q }>
px{U
ng>}R c=

eT n Yne> nghU |fx

kI Y i YkeU }h`= YkeU hR bdx }Y
|w n_]U p Zx
nY{fL
niU {x
{dU px~x}`U
nHnA
|U SeU nf> p[bU

cU

.ai }acU SY ~U nex S Y h[I

|cw
n x_I
nwi |in= A

{bR Q Hx SY [i
R @}> S > f cU = qew
neT nA U|U p =nH ng= w

i = R{fhU ngaSY w neT {e_Y

hU aSY he[> ~= pUnU
=|i cU
w q_R{i neT pxngfU
_h]U d bU Zx nT {U

.(//}bU A Y :@) ~x}`U nR{i

nhi pe[L R n_@}Y) =nT R x{=n_U x U {L {hU

bx
:U dL n bhd_> ( i}S ^fY Y

{_>
gU
ngUnS U nedcU he@
aHhU
}ha> R ({hU)

:}caU pB .heU n\> |U }_eU gZeU n> U

.nw{[bx U ph[_eU i }x
U Q Hx

***

31

4
~<m^T v X
m? *T = ~K
d K

e Y w PfU
n@ |U eL @= _U pUjY R U S
R x{=n_U x U {L {hU
}_x HU wL{x x}S {xnf[=
pa[U Y {= (i}S ^fY Y nhi pe[L R n_@}Y) =nT
:phUnU nbfUn= (L) U }ha> R {hU

U nLn]i L P fU
bf> U px}dU JnbU R}U
[>
{S oR {h_U nhe_U w Ln> j= x}S {xnf {U [> cex
nei {xnf[U kw bx P fU
ai R nS :px}U |w R n@
.(cY = eL L }LjR ) fL }LjR nhe_U {h_U Ln>

R}x n _JnS n \R \R}x n h cx cex neY

|w {hU
}x
SB Y f> P fU

ngi px}U Y }baU d> {Z=

pe[_= e>
\R}x U }hQ H}]UnT p_hZU }aY
ehS
Y n \_= hA R hA

Y) }ha> U ni{L U ..P dU H}= ngSnhU {L U }hZx U }baU |w

eL p[b=
d _x nehR U / dU \R {hdU (}bU A
ng\R px}U |w {hTj> {x}i i :bx ni{@U cY = dU {L
hfU
pi ncY A pUjeU n? {x}i =
incY {L P fU
U p[bU

nRnfY
.nbi e U deL R e[_U h^_U bd U
Y U
33

Y na ine? qS}`H phHnH nbi qH

{hU }T|x {_=

pe[L R n_@}Y) =nT R x{=n_U x U {L {hU d _x }ha>
}I Y nw> nY ineU na[U R n@ nY j= ( nhi

:dx ne= [di

cex ngh@> xj>

ncH nbA L pbxn\Y L : g?T

]S o= pbxn\Y L nT = nbA L cx U (_U)

R cx R bU U px{w {gx |U P YcU cY =
{T U nx Y Rnfx SB
}hQ eL
|w pUnU _U

.(/ }bU A Y :@) { p_H h^_U b d B

R nI
dH w (n@ nx _eH fL nx)
:hmT g?T

|aT }h :R qhU w L px}U R n@ A phi}bU n=n]U

fU
B Y pY U n]U chU U m? mw ^dG eK mwk<
x nT fU ..gai R n hnx
oJn
}h?j> phdLnR }T U chU

.(/=nU {[eU) }h`= hcR }i neA R pbx}]U |g=

cI phdU
n ie\Y pah^fU
[U L dU n_= :qTmT g?T

}x neT x}cU }bU ohUnH Y }B dH w |w

nI {S ({hU)

[U L dU n_= x}aeU
_= hU
A cZU rhA Y phdU

U R L{U pd[Y p^AY Y e\eU rhA Y phdH

c> U U
.(/ai {[eU) d T

}hT pdLnR pbx}]= eeU R }h?jU dL g>{bU nhfQn= new

n hUnH
n Ynew { _ x pUnH}U n> {_U gaSY }hh`> gx{w pUnY

ngf cU ..phUnH
}^i nH |w dL }^fU c> U|U ..pTnY pUnY

34

 {S gi H}U dU pYn_U
oinUn= }cax
}^fU dL n hdH }h?j> }> {S
pg@ Y nhfQn= new R f`U oin@ p^AY w ph\bU R dU

.eeU R f`U pehS U ph>|U }^fU

n_= pbx}]U |g= eU }hU nx >j> {S d]feU |w Y

|
[U L dU
:Un_> US R neT n ie\Y pah^fU phdU

e g K z^ = f ? zw| w Y ^ T z _T m< f < K z w w

f e K m
{ T X ` h
| X mS v = mh | S K c R me c ` P X \ = mg hzT
m g T o e w zw| =
.[:gcU]m I| Q
dcZU
dU }@
Y [x {S |U wU R }x dH |g=

nbA
ij= ..{[bY ie\Y A L {h_= }a

x {S |U SedU
w}h?j> Y dYjx neU hU ..hR}eU nhfQU }A
ha_\eU hfYkedU

.ngdbY pUnH}U pT}A dL gYH nA R =nx

}x hR}eUn=
new ha_\eUn= new h= pinbeU :<|T g?T
new U P fU
H ({hU)

h@> nbY R c> {S ( L)

nY nhUkeU e>
{gU |U {_H }T ngi pa_\eU paUn=

ph=nx snfU _= y=}U _= b> {S gx{w lR R}eU nhfQ

_h]x gf cU ..L{U nY ngi}hx inT U TnZeU pU Y dL
n`Zi ghU }[i _x {S neY
x}H cZ= gH Y d U
.}hcU snfU nA dL }h`[U snfU _U n @Y w}hQ L g=
wnf`U ghT~U nhfQn= new :~XmT g?T

g c K mX *
i Q *e _ G
z Z = T ph
X mX :Un_> US dL
P fU j= Ax nx U{Y : {hU bx [ :L] S } w

35

phde_U
phA}U
px}caU
ghT~> {xnf[U kw Y x{A Y {gx nT

.(/=nU {[eU) ph> phAni Y wnf`= new pUjY L {h_=

UnH}U
>|U
{[U
:mT g?T

pUneU w z Z = T ph
{hU
|= phUnH}U
i Q f_Y
}x

gA _U x}ceU hR}eU U }hh`> hH R {gU

nehR }caU ngJ }U nT fe> UnH}U
{g= nU ghT~>

neT x}S R H {Y Y dL U|U }hcU snfU Y >

phUkY px e>
dR :Ub= S } w g c K mX
:Un_> US }ax

hbeU U L n_= B Y
nR U }U n_d ]> dL }e>

nHU Y T}A
U = R }[b>
}B{>
U i ng]U
nehR {g@
nfdU phT~U n> R ngT}>
U ohUnH Y Y{H nehR ngcde> U
.(//ai {[eU) .n _he@

(T = ~ K)
Q |g`T mvm=
(XmT X?) |g`= Q G|\T
P eT
Q oTmh T

U U (H}]U) ow|x
R nY bfx rhA P fU
R pUni
H U g>L{= Un`Zi P {fL x}S {xnf ne@ ngU~i oH
dQnZ> d_x w cY = nR w}hQ
gYHl= dx n@
ged cx bU dL S L YcU _ ] S P dU H } c R bUn=
.qU~fR
nS H}]U h\x ?
m @|X : bx Y}cx dU H ncR :
36

.(/YnU Y@ :@) .g=|X oewzdT cK `cG < gQ e=mK d<

H R n@ U n=n]U H}]U pY_U }ax

U dL
.P }T H}U U n]U }ne n@l= (L)

cXm^T Xm? < <

P eT Q mfT}h

}x |U n> dYn_U Yn@ = = (~h@U) }ha> oAn nx

(L) H
{gZx ~@Y [= px}U }T|x rhA P fU
R pUni
gQ e=mK d< m @|X : bx Y}cx P ncR :bx |U rx{Un=

.<

= P fU
ng= }eU }g^x U i Y \>}eU x}ZU b= >jx ?
U }hQ i nw}wnK
.h^_U bd B L T|eU n {_

i hR :Ub= \>}eU x}ZU S (~h@U) }ha> oAn }x

@) oi dL U }> dL n_U cU }Y P iT R |Y

.(//~h@U

mI <
(m? mw ^dG eK mw)
cG

}a_@ = (}bU in_Y) nT L nJ = pY_U {hU

bfx

P fU U cY = Y R qU~i (U > L) InfU

:bhR U dL {hU
d _x
37


Y p>n_Y }eU _U
x}aeU
Y }hT S |w :nJ = dL

bx
w) f_Y dL U ngfe\> U pa[U dL nT
(m? mw ^dG eK m

Y = }eU P fU
= oJnx }hT nx R Un_> US f_Y dL
dU pLnJ Y _fex nY @ _x nT nei P fdU
p>n_eU |w c>
.(/_U {_H @) a |w Y dL p>n_eU b> x

cdT
|= cK m^T
T

}> dL n_U nT P hR ngU~i hd> {_= :bx

n= :@) U

.(//i

w|\T
P eT PmY= c^w dK

x}S {xnf {fL dU H

> (cY =) i
:bx
:dU H nx :nbR w}hQ
gYHl= dx n@ H U wL{x
bUn= dQnZ> d_x w U }T

!dU ed L neY fed L f=}S

ged cx bU dL S L YcU _ ] S U P dU H }cR
.qU~fR

:US R x}]U bx U dL

dK m?
.(/}bU ox}Q/x}]U :@) S }hbR @ R nw{_= 
L nY Q i

38

gX zgT

P eT Q mfT}e< \aT

P fdU Un_> fY n_U S Y inY i :hY Y {hU bx

pe[_U Rnfx U
B }ceU _R U U }> dL
.(//p_hZU nhL :@)

eT |^X Hmv
P eT
maX X QmeT zK

}T nY fU }_Y Inw {hU

|U :Ub= hY pY_U

{xkx

e[L Y fU
}T nY
nbY Y Rnfx b_Y bY hY {hU
.( a][eU }hH :@)

oge_X ? zdX
R x? P eT
Q mfT}h

:bx rhA P fU
H ~i phf`Y @ {eY zhZU y@}x

L)
R (
:@)
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U x}aeU
@U Y S y@ @

.(//IncU

|gYT mbX
|=
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Y }ha> oAn }x
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eU
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L)
39

..= }[>
n]U |w hdL ]fx Y }hB
U in=}U
i P fU

P
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qU~i ngi ~fU jI R }U p
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n T}> iT
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U R }x U P fU

.H }Zi R }H

.H eL Y ni _U

ex ? P fU
}x U cY =
JnS i deU
}Rj= (}e`hU) P fdU
in=}U
n_U |w (Y) }ha> oAn

:@) ha_\eUn= nfL } dL ghf> B Y B HnY

.(//Y }ha>

***

40

5
:Qgv|< o TaX
|JmedT |]e T g< (< {v)
d T X b gT

d T
* g
eR
v| < | h T{ S
m
b c X g
n@ m
R Q md c Q < {
R m S S g c T g c K ? md c Q
v m
md c Q * g
c Q

R Q md c Q < {
R m P m< | d a T
v m
< hz f w T T m
a T X h S
R p c Q md c Q | S {
R o P m< ~
v < {
v m
R mw m
md c Q * g

T m[T
d YT
.[ :n_i] S | Y= md X
| < h

mIm\T oX^T

}_x
pe[L R n_@}Y) =nT R x{=n_U x U {L {hU

^fY Y :nhi
S A }haU L nghdx nY Y (i}S

v
}_= {x < {
.nJn]U pY_U
:Q hw}=

|Im`T Tm< dgc= X |< zdT |T

K qw gv|< :

nhI heU j= d x nT nx }wnK h]_x nY dL Q hw}=

niU Un_> dU w nx }]aU R U x}I {A }JnR n gU
41

inH dU w }YU }= {eU }U

|w L rx nei pUnY }Y }= {x n =

afU n cx}I |B bdB _= i nx @}x hU neT }h={U @}x hU

.(//~heU :@) }h={U }Y hU R

[=|dT w|YT :m ghm>

cTm< m QmK c w T Q gv|<

v
neT {fL }^fU pdgY nY R < {
U (hw}=) nS nei

YjU
}caU dL L{U x}> db= }^fU hdL o@x nY \A dbL

Un_> dU eT neU
pR}_eU oT nei dUn= n RnL dx U hw}= U
.L{U }JUn= }^fU }> Y RB dbL

ohL fU Y hdL nw nY e ^L
}w~U
i }haU R {S
v

< {
:nS .pgU ngi eL~x oTcU {_x YS nT {S d U

dL qdR q=nQ nedR U|U YjU

x R
}caU hH dL

.pdbfY }h`Y
ngi d L U dL
p?{Y

eZU x R |cw qinT hw}= pUnA \>}eU x}ZU {Tkx

nS neghgU
i }ebU
pUnH neg?{A dL ]S negUR neU
| \ Q { c T f ? p f ? h * S | Y= md X
| < h R mw :cU }B R

m

|w nT .[ :n_i] g
S | Yd T X m h mX m `ge@
d T

hdL x h? { eU
na j= edL Un_> dUn= R}_Y ohbL bU
.( /nhi x~f> :@) Un_>
x~f>) R hU ow nY \>}eU x}ZdU x}n_eU _= }cfH {S
42

S nhi pe[_= {bx

U ng[dY
pU]Y

pUnH}= hU r_R (nhi

.nw{_= fU

:ngB ph=@ pUnH}= \>}eU x}ZU =n@jR

nY fU

qhU pR}_eU >na UA Un_> dUn= n R nL d x x

px}

pR}_eU U {>

R pU n= p c Y =
?
nL }hQ cx A Y {=
nY fU
nY }[S R
U [> x pR}_eU :bi
> neT pYnY fU
S hdL > ph[_eU hR ngU[A cex
.nw{_= hdL

.neU nT nY i n`Y R {U (U hdL) hw}= {S

.(//\>}eU x}ZU nH :@)

G\T ygYT

cTm< m QmK c w T Q gv|<

:(U hdL) hw}= S xj> R n w@ (nhU) }ha> oAn }]x

v
.< {

~U dbL neT Qd= S nT U nS Q i : ?T

.U hdcU

nT bU |w w :H]U zhZU h\>}x A}]x |U hmT ?T

.nw{be= Un_U dU {Y
}^fU pdgY }^fU pdgY nY R hw}= Y

dL L{U T}A

}^fU hdL o@x nY Un= }]B dbL dU eT nedR

}caU
nei dUn= n R nL d x U Q hw}= dU ncA nY nS U YjU

nedR
}JUn= }^fU }> Y RB
dbL dU eT neT pR}_eU oT
43

dU ohL Y hdL w nY ngS}I nge^L }w~U

w hS oTcU

}caU hH dL !=
|w nS pgU ngi eL~x oTcU {_x YS nT
d L
ngi d L dU dL x R

qdR q=nQ nedR

U|U YjU
.ngd bfU }h`Y
p? {Y

dL ]S negUR neU
i eZU }ebU px R UnA qinT U|T
h * S | Y= md X
| < h :YT }B R nS neghgU
pUnH neg?{A


m

g
S | Yd T X m h mX m `ge@
d T
| \ Q {c T f ? p f ?
> h? {eU na j= edL dUn= R}_Y ohbL Y bU |w nT

.hdL

hdL U ncI }x
@U |w L H]U zhZU R{x

.(//nhU :@)

G|\T ygYT
]T
|b`T gG cK mfTmR

}T|x
}hx B dL H]U zhZU nw}T U @U H}]U pY_U

.}hBjU x{bU R }h_U R

dbL neT {fL U nS nei Q hw}= : @U R n@ neY

eT neU
i db= }^fU hdL o@eU }JnU ]B }^fU pdgY nY R

}caU dL hL }A
i
L e^LjR oTcU YjU

dbL dU
ned R }caU hH dL = |w :nbR oTcU {_x YS nT {S fA

d L R
...U dL x R

neT nS neU
Qd= S U nS nei i :inU @U R n@ neY

44

i oTcU nedR
U |w Y {wnI nehR }JU T}A
b_U
..( ///nhU eY :@) ...=
w S}I
i K

{S i S Y neU cx U i nY Q hw}= H}]U

}x

Q i }ei phQn]U dbx Y n RB n`Y R >{U qinT Y

i
U S neU {S
n @ cx U }caU ngYL R }cax
d bL eT hA hdL
.(/ai {[eU) U R }cR

:gv|< oTaX @ cT [Q zgT

T cG (< {v)
}haU L _= }_H {_= x{=n_U x U {L {hU
d _x
Y) oAn {h@
y\> }haU L }T nY nf}_H {_= :bhR

U
}x |gU ..{x{@ Z=
dU \R {hU
jx
(}bU A
nTnY pUnA R nT Q hw}=
nehR = p]heU @U ph}_H

pUnY R ..eZU }ebU oTcU phwU L nfU {b_x

eU phnx

Rn[U i{@U ]feU nY nga_ ngwna> {nb_U |w pRn= UA

R bU
ngfY =}S {_= ngfL n_= SY R U
_= aSeU ]_x neY

A Y :@) nghdL }e>

? ..nwninL p=}U nL |U nLn= nx

.(//}bU

m= cK }gS|T

U pdH L >n=n@ R U hf >

{T {bU
n> U h@}> ({hU)

v
}T|x ilR < {
|U }U
:hw}= UbY R x A hdL } >
45

R cZU nU }hx U ohUnH Y dH U U ow|x

.dS R hbhU nfeJ h_x i Q _eY

qincR U A ({hU)
nghR H JY p?? }_i nffcex

Y n _= n fJY }T|i neT }B n> U nI Y {A =n@

:T {A

:
IdT
ogKcT cdK cG

m P m< | d a T md c Q :Un_> US L >{i {A R ({hU)

H

R Q md c Q < {
R
v m
< hz f w T T m
g
a T X h S
T m[T
dH px{gU dH R R nhi Y hw}= nT :n@jR
eR ..pZSnfeU U
{_x g\_= fU {_x bU _= nefhA
|w {_> :bUn= gg@x }x U }ebU {_x g\_= eZU

}Y eY dL S f cU phi dL [hU nT nY _R U .nhI

S }ebU q> h_eY inT n Qn= }ebU nT qS R gfY
v
T T :nS }ebU nQ nY{fL bU n> {S < {
:}
R o P m< ~
v m
< hz f w
{
md c Q ..g
a T X h S
T m[T
d YT
v <
....| S {

dH gR d T |w h= {bdR
b> i rh= phLdU deL

h= fh= ngZSnf> A ng\R}> U ncR f > n> ai n>

._aU dL Yj> U|= ai

Hn= hdYn_U dL :(}bU R U) nT R nfdS {bU

46

L HU L{i rh= nfhUnH ]i

nfhdL fR ohUnH |w ed _x
afU eL Y d]fi geU nw}hQ p[bU
nefhU }eU x}J
afU |w nghR }? j> cex U nbfU w nY Zci ni phini

.(//{fU) nghR _\U

nbi Yi h]i A

:hmT IdT
mT m> cG

:({hU)
n@ Q hw}= A }B kH L }B @ R

}B hU ehU ai nx nx nT i Q hw}= ohUnH Y

x{U cx dR
lR _eY nfU bhU >jx nT f cU dU R I
n@ :
v
nS d _x Rjx nedR
|cw g
:bx oTcU
c Q

< {
{_
> cex }h`Y
nSdeU d> nY{_= eZU }ebU
< hz f w T T :(*)nS
.[:n_i] g
a T X h S
T m[T

}hx A >|U U dHj= ph>|U

n@nfeU dHj= d]i {bR

R @ni deL dH |w .ZU

nH dL hU _eY R nU
.(//{fU) ...nU Y }hT

:qTmT IdT
m@T eQ
cG

{AY
dL =@ R
Q hw}= nT :nU hR bx rUn? kH
i }bU fL bfx nedR p_U S
}w^U R = L rx K
phicU

.[ :n_i] S | Y= md X
| < h R mw : }hB nS i yh[U (*)
47

=
oTcU eZU }ebU {b_Y

dL nA R Q hw}= ohUnH Y dH |w :({hU)

n@

{_x }ebU {_x oTcU {_x |U ph[I

ebx
nA {bdR YS

wn_I R S |w chR i_ex bU }caU j]B ZT ?

eZU
.]Y i gU nS U neY
j]Un=
Y ghdL nAU fR
dHj= Yn_> Q hw}= lR }B n_=

.(//{fU) g>nh[L
ghHnA
}hx

:<|T IdT
T cG
mw ={T

n _ n =dH }_x
Q hw}= d_R nY }x (}bU R U) =nT R
\U Y YS Y h@nU
d_@ neY
}w^dU
phicU
n]U neU

{= {bR :{hU
ph\bU
w

bx ngU \Un= }_Zx YS }hca> [x

\U Y YS Y h@nU n]U {fL {= nedY }U =dH R

nL qincR }H Y ngafcx nehR pe^L Y e> nehR phicU

}w^dU

}b>
U w ngU padeU n qinT eZU ...}ebU ...oTcU

{U
Y egai nY dL nfU U L R d> |gU n_U p_hJ

hw}= _@ neY
ph\S
phwU
}T U }hcU U }h`[U Y nL{eU

nw}_hR pxngfU R eZdU \Un= }_Zx YS }hca> [

x w Q
ngi n_Un= A
n =
gR }ebU Y oTcU Y }T ngi n_U x

.(/}bU R U) iex nY n_U }wn^Y Y e>

dH Y naH U (U) =nT Y }B Y R L{x

48

L nY >|U dU n R}J ai Y _x n aSY hR bx |U ehw}=

nU phdeL
ncR B Y JnU nxn\S }]x }R JnU U
{x ?
U @ Y Snfx Yjx
n hin? n [I ai Y hR }x
>|U U
U
.(/ai {[eU) U

}x
@ hgi
T ai Y A Y {hai nfincYl= ({hU)

nghR bx U neU Y nw}hQ px}caU }neU phRnbU {fUnT

x nY nxn\S Y nfU ncR R {x nY U d ]hU }hwneU Y phL{U

B Y ngZSnfY {hU nLnfS Y gai R h_x nY hwnaY Y nghR

ZU
Y dA R }caU ]>
ei
A}Y {A e> ngij= gU nx

i j=
{U
nex U
>}> U >nA Y p xaL

ph[I pUnT phde_U

}L SY R ij= w}_ZhU
U nH Y
= }? jx U pY}cU A
SeU U qd[A U {x{U ncR _a= ~w
U pb=nU >nLnfS
g_Y B{U }cR L {_x ilR |g= .{_= ngaZT {S cx U U ph[U
neU {b_x neU pZSnfY {@ R }InY
cex i ({hU)
}x .}cax

nf>nY R dH |w Y {hai U|T

nffcex U|= ph=ncU

.(/ .) phYH L{U x}]U Zi

***

49

6
m> `eT g< oKm`YT
{hU
L afx
_U nx nehR
n[eU U _Un= U pLnaZU pUjY R {hU
Ubx nY qi nfw
nfH ..pLnaZUn= bx i

R x{=n_U x U {L {hU
ng@}B U x nghR U phd
. pa[U Y {= (i}S ^fY Y nhi pe[L R n_@}Y) =nT

p<m> h|R zX oKm`YT

x}[beU
hi|edU nhU nhi pLnaI : dU \R {hU

bx

phRnfU nx nghR ox phYH pbhbA

q=n? i}S {Y }B R
.(//}bU A Y :@) {eU rhA Y nghaf> pLnaZdU

cT zg@T |f]X
mgTm< m`YG GT

ph=nwU
neT n T}I hU nhU pe nhin= naZH
L{>
ngYnbY pLnaZU A
Y}ceU dU nL gi ng= gU
gU _@ dU
U g= HU
ph\S

_> |gU de_x }Yj= w bUn= ibx x|U

.(//}bU A Y :@) fU neHj= HUnT
n Yne> dU

51

pin_H {hA> L n @}B ex nhU nhin= naZH lR |gU

Y nfU Y nf U dU Y }a`eU odJ U pbhbU R @}x i dUn=
fU
UU

|w pLnaZ= aL n> R ecA dU \S nY B

.( //}bU A Y :@)
inH dU U Y R}fR Hi
nfi bi i U|U : n \x bx
> R dUn= Hi
R qhU w P fU oA
R g=
Un_>

}g^Y
w = dUn= n T}I hU neU |w R A Y gU dU _@ neY

.(//{fU :@) dU {hAU

m bgcd= m^T o aga@ cT oKm`YT

~L
m ^gd ? o Km
c T R @
` YT
dU pUn pbhbU i dL pLnaZU

m

[:}Y~U]
d T
c X T d T }Y dex Un_> i [:}Y~U]
ngicdex gR n_aZU {= YbhU nhU nhiU pLnaZU yfex Un_> w
/ /}bU A Y :@) il= ngiHnex chde=
.(

[:x}Y] zf K d @ |T
b c d w
` YT
zeK { = X o Km
[:ix] h z ^ < X g
` H X mX

[:jH] T d T zeK o Km
` e=
` YT

nbi R B{x
nfw hU i
Y {A
{A dex R > edT
nB ~heY
B Y phUnL p@ U _R Y }h[Y
SY ph>
S

Y :@) {x}x nehR {x}x nehR h=}beU
nL _= U hbdx |U il=

.(/ }bU A
52

ow
pgT ogaga@ oKm`H

gd_i hU R qhU w P fU R g= a Zi nfi

U f_Y hU .nfA Un_> inH dU n\S R dU U nin_aI
.gU sYni}U e cU phbhbA w = px
pLnaZU

Un_> inH dU Y ngd]> nei @nA od]> nefhA qijR : bx

ne= U dU ngax cex U = Y n =n= hU
dU H _>

.(//{fU @) U Y U dU d_@

w :kH hU @
nLn= w R qhU w Y sU odJ

x
bH gx{U dU {fL n YnbY gU
dUn= }ZU n= Y }h?jU R
nS n@jR
naZH H>
i SU R :
R qhU wj= Hi
dU Y od]i fR (m ^Qmh oXmgaT w m ^QmH < cG=
^? fc T) :bfR
..R qhU w Y ngd]i nfA n\S

dU n\S R dU U nin_aI gd_i (inH) hU g= aZi nfi

nhU dH nhi }cx dU nH dL nfA Un_> inH
n_U aL i}aQ R g_a Zx nL sA n\S R g_a Zx j=
.pY}cU d> SeU U gfehR
w = px
sYni}U e cU phbhbA
pLnaZU U f_Y hU

{w dL }x nehR |gU pLnaZU phd_R

R = |Bjx nehR gU
.[:nhi] [ = d T ^ ` Yw
:Un_> US

Hi
Un_> inH dU U Y R}fR Hi
nfi :bi i U|U
w = neU |w R A Y gU dU _@ neY
gb= > R dUn=
..dU {hAU }g^Y

53

_> Un_> inH dU Y ngd]> nei @nA od]> nefhA qijR

U dU d_@ ne= U dU ngax cex U = Y n =n= hU
dU H
.(//{fU :@) fY inY |w U Y

***

54

7
odZ^T ow|YT g< eT

{hU
phgfeU
dL x}cU nbU J
pAneH ng_> U phed_U

pAneU qg@ U phi}bU ncI dL }U R x{=n_U x U {L

YnT
[R nfw }Zfi dU \R {hU
pe[L R n_@}Y) nT [R Y
..(pe[_U px}ZU
h= fU)
f_= [aU |w (i}S ^fY Y nhi

n eS pUbY x}ZL Y }T R n _SY n _Y x}ZL Y }T R

>}]H

nbi fU
pUbY w inU x~= (nhadB) nT R {A pUbY

nR S {A Y R pUjeU Snf> `fx nT }ZU

_\U

}> U xgU ohUnH L {h_= phgfY phedL

dL }U T
pbx}]=
Y inU ~U R nwehgi A ..neU dU px}U beU {L nx

b= nehR ph> ~@ R d> ne= !!() S U (nhadB)

!sgfeU w sgfeU dH w dH

U x}Z_U dL =}> U beU cd> ni}bH U nfi

}cR
dL ~T}>

:pTnY phi}S nx naY c> {_> ngi ni{@U {A

.[ :qd[R] T @
w b c X | Y < mh md h R

.[ :}H] G |Y < pe
S v < m G R
55

.[ :hw}=] b c X | Y < h f c G f T p T mR

nw}hQ pTneU nx |w
w gfh= fh= naU }Z= H}U {Tk>

:}e= Ub> U Y AU

{S PfU nbY cx H {I
U Hkx neY
:bi {x}i

!!AU nfU h= fh= -_U }^f= -naU {_x U i p@

U ~i
.[//nhadB]

h= {hAU naU w (AU) cx Y acf> neU qU

!nfU Y }hQ }ZU H}U

gH n fhw
TL{> p@ U n gRn> }hbA
n SnR (AU) }_> neU

UH nU dL }bU = }
{S = bx Y dL H H U

!H Y }T px Y }Tj=

>]B {eU T[>

hew

{L L f>
(AU) na= cingH

peS
R An _> n^L U n@ Y Y Y~dx nY e^L
~L
B gfY R }ZU {I}U ini YncU
dU px_U

:@
=| A
.[ :J]@
mh
w md T d Gm

w mX
.[/ :fU]@
w @ v * f T K \e

@ mX z K T @ i Q * h g G R m
R mb Q * T z Q mh >

.[/ :fU]

w md Q p w z v ` h c K md hkQ p c c R
h < T @

.[ :jH]nw
d G
| R g
56

 m
mdw
S mX mh | X X m @ g T me g @ T{ S
b T mX z = pe

| T z f T h mh m
K X mY h X < z f h h me c ^ ? b T

.[ :ZU]g
a X
neT -YT ega> cij= ceg x (_U) A
Y lR d]feU |w Y
..U U nY {b_U B Y px~}Q pbx}]= -(nhadB) R U dbf>

}Z= H}U j= bx Y dL }cfx x}cU }bU }bx ni
jR

!!hgx Hjx
Hjx = AU w gfh= fh= naU

~_eUn= nh> L n > -i

-fU
~L f_Y gax ni
L n > ~@nL fU
|w T L f_> nY -Un> neT -nhU

SY Y ox}S w nehR ~_edU {eU n]fU }hQ R n_dU nB

} Y
.{U

o>T maT G|T ow|Y<

A dU \R {hU (}bU A Y) }ha> oAn UnS nY ni}bH nfi
dL {hTj> cx {_x i nfx}U _\U nbi H}U px}Z=
Y

:phUnU U nbU

:T oagaT
@T Y< |YT cK zw}w G|T

Z= ghdL {x~x }ZU {S nSnJ x{U }Z= H}U

R d_> ph> pSnB {S phgU pifhT dex ilR |gU .AU

neT -gUb= hdH}eU nhi g@ x|U {b_x nT neT }ZU Y
57


}
A ![ :}H] G |Y < c T q ^ < :-ginU dL }bU bfx
:g= nex L nfU nfY R oU w qinT H}U px}Z= j=

|Y < c T q ^ < T mR zf T vm
? e X j w m

e T e X mX
.[ :}H] G
:hT}ZeU nA}S n@ d]feU |w Y

X me T | ` = @ T X j h T T mR

o e ? T b = * m Ke w

| ` Q n
e K g
h X
v < m G R :US U |g ` = mf T A m
f h

.[- :}H] G |Y < pe

S
:(dU \R {hU) bx

fU
j= {b_x inT {bR
fdU
n hgU n \xa> nwnLn= pxnL }hQ pUnA

ni {U dU hT i pSnB {b= nfU Y R }x

j=

e_hR nhU ng= cx cU ng= }h`x

T
peh^L nincYl= ex ohR

L }ZU ~_x ne= nh> phiT

}wnK
}hh`> Y fY }x nY {x}x nY
.[-/ /}bU A Y] .dY

}Z= i >{S n]i R b> Y |w j= UH d _x dU cU

j=
H }Y
bx dex
gR ph>|U >{S B Y n_dU nB eL
pUnH}U jI Y hU hA R `d x U dU {x}x nY nfU d hU hU A
x
ini Yn^i R }h`>
nw = icU Yn^i R cU }h`>

.[ /.] ...de_U

hY{beU
Y x}aeU
he@ nw{T pbhbU |w
}ha> R x}BjeU

.pTneU nx |w nY
58

 ^T
:mIm\T oX
@T v |gP eT g< zg@T |`T

_U bx
|Y < pe
S v < m G
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. G
P }Y
nehR g>}=ncY gdg@ dL ggfx
hdL A}S neL ohx
{bU nw}T dL bx n Yn^L Y UjH gilR }^i dL ax
.n > hY w nY nghR phgU
phh`U

}hQ pbd]eU {bU |w Y }ZU xjR }Z= i ne= U fY lR

\b> pUnH}UnR pUnH}U L{x
i ne= U fY ..phwnfeU
{bU xa> }hZU |in= `hdU _= }Y Y dU deA
nY eA
x {x}x nY T
dx {S hU phh`U
{@
..nI nY T

j= P x}cU UH }Y @
~L
dU nJn]U pY_U }x U|U
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Y |w gA}S hU dx neY

:Ub= :
= x~f> hR < m G
.o_U
fY nax {_x P fU U {bU xa> pRneU

{xkx
S v
:ngaH R Ub= :m ghm>
w G |Y < pe
|w dL
SY n _S < mG :US T

A}S fT : o_U
Y I dL }ZdU {S }Z= ni neilR {eY ni ne= f Y nwedJ Y
H}dU jI R pUnH}U L H i nweA}S fT Y |w
.pbd]eU phh`U {bU {d b> ng`hd> pUnH}U eA

:(~heU) }ha> oAn }x |gU

G |Y< US Y T
hB
.gA}S L U pYnbH R
59

R >{S L nx |g= >jx hdL gA}S = }hR |Y< :US nY

.ai

/.] .=

Y pcY {S L ngnx }S = }hdR G :US nY

.[-

:Un_> UbU }ha> R

T i Gm
Q f g T @h m? c R me c G mX
v
_U }x [ :nhi] d c ^ = eS | S {T
m? h> pY
d[Y
w}hQ nhi h= }aU U nIU fgT @h :Ub=

w AU w}hQ nhi U Ai ni w }hQ fU

h= {hAU }aU
_x
.[//~heU] .}ZU T
Y pwY

ox nB
A n \bi -hA

x}Z=
gU{H n]= dL nYb> -
pxnR
U f>

:>i
ai dL

nRnfY R nhi inT }ZU Y n@ U nIn= gA

bi :mdvz@

.fU
px}ZU
h=

{@x n a hU }hQ fU

x}J Y :oghmT
h= naU w U

Y
w gU
AU w = heU R {@ {@ }ZU R
pY}T

b c X | Y < h f c G f T p T mR :nZx Y = x
dU Y nB

T
.[ :hw}=]m Y w X c K d w c T b

K b T

n g _T c K c T } A ze
R R :Un_> UbU }ha> R
R
oAn }x [ :n_i] T @
w mX = c X h b T
@ R ~gY
cx ai oh`U dL af= }eU (~heU) }ha>
d_U U n_U o= niU hH nY _Y hdL ax ne= ]U o=

.[/ /~heU] .qinT nY pfnT Y nhaB

Y =
60

:G|\T G\T
|YT < nT m\w md< hTm\=

nhI |w :nf_Y :}H H px }ha> R H}]U pY_U bx

U neT ng= > af= {S R ngd_ax ng= >jx }ZU pSnJ Y hU
oA dL ~_eU nx }g^x nei Un_> dU H}U Y dS nT Y {bx
.[//nhU eY] }ZU = oU n]x ne= iUn]> R _R {S pd[eU
:H]U zhZU bx ng> pxU }ha> R

nw}Y
hU nx dL
A}b> ci f_eU U|= g=n@ nei

hdL fx
nY f Y }h={Un= dL w |U fdH |U U nw}Y
nei U

chU H i a |w Y fY |w cd]U @ R hU{U Y

U A nY
.[ / /nhU] .chU x j= }Y

Y o _>
mG US nS{U ~fT }ha> oAn {Tkx
<

{bU R {A TnZx hdL cx

>jx Y dU x~f>
gA}S
>jx inT H}U
v
}nT G }ZU }nT |Y< peS
x nY dL ghdL dU }g^x ne= gYS
nx }Y
cx U gYS nA

/ /nS{U ~fT :@] .dL

gU ghU
A dU dL ecx
nw}hx

.[

T b f T md h T @
w b c X | Y < mh md h R :Un_> UbU }ha> R

U hi
d L Un_> dU j= nL = S H}]U zhZU bfx z@
}h`T Y ij= ai dL }bx
.AUn= } T i
}YjR bdB dL w~x U

fU
x{Un= chdL U \R w px f_Y H}]U }x

.[ / /nhU eY] Un_> dU hfed L nY U dL

61

:mIm\T oX^T

@T `eT P G|T pw T

:gcU]bcX |Y<
mh mdh :px R }[bU nJn]U pY_U }ax

ghdL {x~x nfU px}ZU

pd?neeU px}ZU
R P H}dU }[S

ij= [
p ifhT L {bR fU
Z=
L i eL~x inT nY nS afU hL{x
ed_x ne= hdL A}bx inT |U p hhQ
hdL {bx dU
{S p hgU

A
x i afU qx U ai L dU } Yj= d T U ai P f cU dU
.[ / /~heU] .hU
neT -px} }haU nedL S w |w
h= naU Y -}bU {Tkx
:UbU (nhadB) R >j> U Y AU w }hQ fU

neilR AUn= nfU }nH L P fU }R dL {T hA nx

w mX
v * f T K \e
:ox}U hcZU L YT [>

deU
pa P fL af> @
w @
pa phwU

.hR nw{x na cU {x}x U

[Y
nfU h= P fU h= naU .. {= nx |w }T|> U

.U H }B ~hY px dex rh= AUn=

:Ub> ?

-AU ph[B
dL }[bx nfU h= fU h= naU nT i dL

-eU Y }hT R U }x ~x U nfw @}U |w T yx} w neT

:w hdL p=n@ od]i |U kU lR
ph[B
dex nY lR }> nx nfU }nH h= nY h= naU w nY

.[ / /nhadB] ..!@}U |w ngfL {x

U AU

62

:U cAneH Y cU |w Y {[x hT oL i

h= naU {= }T|> U nx j= _]b> hT qU

:

nfU h= fU
U H }B ~hY px dex rh= AUn= [Y

..}[bU }[U nd= n@ pTneU nx nU

.[/ :qd[R gcU] T @

w b c X | Y < mh md h R :US R neT

T b c X |Y < h f c G f T p T mR :US
X c K d w c T b

K X m Y w
\ c < b g =i h me T mS mX m
.[ :hw}=] c T k< m

.[ :}H] G |Y < pe
S v R :US

px}ZU R H}U
}[b> ngi pTneU nx |w Y }haU L gR {S
gai x U gi Z= ghdL {x~x nfU px}ZU
gi
pd?neeU

.ghU A
x

nd= n@ -qd[ R gcU >H R }T U -U px

|cw .AU w |U {hAU naU n]L Y (mdh)= }[bU }[U

}[bU dL {U
( ..)
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S v) dHj= qbhH U }H H px }[U

{= nx |w }T|> U :-JnS }\= -bhU cAneH >jx U Y

!!AUn= [Y nfU h= P fU h= naU

fU h= naU nT :-U
{_= bfU nbY R cijT -Ub> :m ghm>

p=n@ od]i |U kU lR ..AU ph[B

dL }[bx nfU h=

dex nY lR }> nx nfU }nH h= nY h= naU w nY :w hdL

.!@}U |w ngfL {x
U AU ph[B

63

 Y !nbeU |w R kU |w L U c_afx nY qU

|w pe[_U w gU Y gH =@
d_Y w neT h@ }h]B nR

lR |gU .ngi{= AU cex nT pe[_U afx AU ai

.AUn= nS}ax pe[_Un= n_ex nY fU

afx ijT oR AU na= bx |U [>

cd _U :m Tm>

pe[_UnT }B aU
U nx `fx U Y ..{ bU
~dx AU cfw
.U T

U n fhw
}Y i}_> AU na= fhg> cd_@ |U w |w _U

.= hdnbU dL }cf> cd_@ p@

U pTneU nx :m ^<
ai nhH R qinT H}U px}Z= dL ~T
Y ({hU) {T nY Y bdx |w }T|> neT deU
pa
pa phwU

nfU U ai {bx
~L
pS}ZeU ph_SU h[Z=
fdU {x}x @
dU

Ax |U =n\U
h`U U
B Y ghU }x n hhQ

n fnT {x}x gR

._h]U }ZU [U
L {h_= |dU pH{beU
phaU }H ghU

ng>A R de> px]H

dU ~B T
ph[I
{x}x neT
phw|U

w{ R pfYncU w}H L {hU

nfU h= bx n ini ph\aU

Y] .{_eU
f@j= b_U w{hR nfU nUj= |Bjx phcY
ph[I

.[ / /}bU A

K b T

c K c T } A ze
R R :Un_> US f_Y w |w
w v R T @
R n g _T
d K
w mX = c X h b T

Q |g Z T
.[ :n_i] | b ` =
:gU bx {x}x H}U -nhU pfx}b= -nJn]U pY_U }x
64

U c>L L f_fex U cU
~_U px}ZU R cxnH i
.[ / /~heU] ci U
A ne= }h[= dL fd_@ = lR Ln>

o= @ R ~gY
cx ai oh`U dL af= }eU }x neT
Y = d_U U n_U o= niU hH nY _Y hdL ax ne= ]U
.[ / .] .qinT nY pfnT Y nhaB

.U pbhbU w |w

:oghmT oagaT
ogfT }?m^dT T `e= ow|YT

nY fL afx ph>
[= pSnU nSn]U TY {L H}U px}Z=
nhi = n@ ne= hdL }L y[x
R Un_> dU l= B Y = >jx

nhA R Q h_T px}ZU {bU a> Y Y nh H}U

:@
~L
dU l= w nei = n@ nY U }= eTU }= >edU
d S
| =
.[ :{neU]h k< =d T | = h k<
| <

(dU ) dL {hTjU
U U nw }[i fex f_eU |w {Tkx
.ph>|U >{S Y
:cUb= eUjH nY >jx |gU

]_x }bU := {[bx nT lR (pen`U phH{bU pUngU) L x{A nY

L ohx hcR ..}ZU {S a> {S x{U {hax H}U L n Ln]i

n> Y nT = n hi
cx U Y S Y hbd= }L n\A Y }bU }T|x nY
}= eT }= >edU QhL nhAl= f[x nY nhi {A
.U U nY }_eU }H U ]= R Q ix nb=
65

= n@ nY lR U|T gU Y gH ph_U
pdH |w L p=n@

.R qhU w nx {Tk> neT ^L dU Hn= nL{= nT nhB}= =

w Q KncU nY p[S R Q n}U nB hL R n@ {bR

Y U R
@
~L
dU L i :Q nY U nS rhA oheU

{x h= _ hbd= }x}= n@ A = nL |U h^_U eHn=

.pfx{eUn= dL
f= h= h= ex A hU R}J {> S Q nehdH

[Y L >{baR L{x _eR :oheU

A Y{S
dL n enS dR
nS

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:Q }SnU nY L RncU R

ngfY {fL nT nei n R}A h_H p?? dL ^L dU H

= d cR {A }A
nf> A hbd= }x}H h= fh= nY n= R
.[- /.] .{h= }x}U

:Q }SnU nY L YnU Y@ R
hdL nehdH dY {fL i ? je= incY R }_U n`R nL

.R}J {>}x
nZUn= U
S dU {b=
neghdL) nehdH
ng= ex U {bU |w ({hU) }cfx w ?

(U

hdS U cai eA~> U neU

=nT R efU H nx }ha> }bU

!!hR bx nY }U }bU A Y }haU

R :Un_> UbU }ha> R {Tkx

b T X c K zeK { T m
({hU)
mh m
=
Y hU Q dL [ :efU] Q | I g T z =| w R < g
66

i Y w = d _U }caUn= icx |U nfU {U UjeU d_U i

U phA}U
}[x
An[U yh> {bY
Y oh`U dL ]>
d_U

SY

.~_eU Zx ne= phicU

Y R

Q hL = n@ nY nY
L R ph>|U {bU Y hU i {@ yR

.hR cdU

dL {wnI U ]= R Q ix nb= }_> hT qU

!ngcdex nT U pSnU ph>|U {bU

T}> }@
= R S w nei nB Z= jx U Q i
in=
|w nf= {S R qhU w nx }[>
Y Y YS
neT =
.pUnU paSU pUnH}U R eU

w = ph>|U Q ix {S L }_>

U nbU p?nA

w T e\ < Q q c T * g
d T X mS h c Q :phin=}U {bU {Tk>
.[- :nRn[U] ^ w

}T }T pSnU >{S qincU heU

Y cx U U -cUS dL -i

!!pYnhbU x U U ]= R bhH i

{bU L }_>
nY
}T px_U L }_>
neY
ngilR }_eU }H p[S
P }T H}U nghdL nT U px_U {eU ni w = ph>|U
pSnU

g T z ^ < | G { T m G
z d T X
U
:phin=}U pY}cU |gU dw
z d T T | T
.[ :}H]Z R

phd_Un=
}_ZY
U px_Un= P a dU yh= px {= {bR

Ax neY > R pSnB nSnJ Y _U ewx

{S nY R @ Y U T
.phwU n[B dex i nfU U
67

-nfw -e_> U m G
pedT nJn]U pY_U }x |gU
Y }`U icU x~fU x nei nx nhH x~fdU = o_dU

.[ / /~heU] o_dU
iT dL g\_=
}

nhU

nI {S
:Ub= U U }bU A Y }ha> R ({hU)

|U A}U e_Un= nxU Un_> dU px_Un= PfU nT ne=

phwU }H
dL yafeU hL R U x_= HnA dU L\B R Zh_x
R S}`H pUnH}U pY{B R UnH}U {U B pe^_U nA R
L{U hdU Y dL fL gfx nY = }Yjx nY R dU nY
A Y] ...> R px_U pT}A Y ~@ UnH jT A nhU pT}U
.[ / /}bU

Y
phini
ph[ZU
dL {hTjU {i |w T
px}ZU

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< ^ ` w mX mX G |T
S mX R :Un_> }ha> aR
X m Kz < pe
.[ :nbA]g
({hU) {Tkx
X |w { h mh mX T @
w mX = b <
G |T
pJnU }^fU R dL pU hR
S mX :US
X m Kz < pe
Yn^i cU pT}A R icU SU }hh`> R >{S P H}dU
b < < ^ ` w mX mX
oh`dU dL Y i{b_x neU R
:US

ph> phAni
Y ngcdY U dnH =nH > oh`dU :ph> phAni Y

H}U H}dU Y pUnH}U p_hJ }a> nY R phUnH phAni Y

hU dU bdx neY hdL AU ng= ~fx U phgU
nehd_U B Y }x

nY o= nSn]U {Y I
gR hQ Y hdL yax neY edL Y

.U Y dU fex

(oh`Un= fU dL nai px Y gai w) fL q> n = ({hU) {b_x

68


AU B Y nai f_x oh`U d_U ph>|U {bU ai hR {Tkx

ph>|U fU {S \x |U i}bU U
|w R Ai {S :bx rhA

AU B Y oh`Un= nhi dL nai f_x U x}Z= {A R

QhL L }bU rx{A R n@ neT dU ohQ _= ghU ex |U

Q | A z = mX c S i = md < b h
nT neY

:h}H f= Y = {x

Q n
g _T TmK
c K | f ] w
:Un_> US R n@ neT [ :}eL ] b =g <
G X [ = X
* z@ g P
nY |w [- :U]
px {Tk>
= :pdnbU
fU pR}_Y {[Y w AUnR .[:n_i] T @
w mX
U dU {x}x nY e }B {U nhU p_x}ZU {hb_U nxn\S R
/ /}bU A Y] .pnU

pYn_U ngAnH R hU pUnH}U p@nU ed_x

.[-

R nJn]U pY_U nghU bH pTneU pxU in_eU {U |w

H}U UnB qU
:bx rhA G |T
S mX :UbU }ha>

X m Kz < pe

R }hH
n? Y R gdY }Z= ni = .._R S
:R hb=nU
.dhH nhU R gdhH ghR nY px}ZU

:US R nJn]U }x
oh`U d_U ai
b < < ^ ` w mX mX
e X mX | g T X | b G n g _T c K pe
S T
:US }h^i gR ai L
n g _T c K pe
S T
:US hx h= }aU [ :}L]
T

Y ncH {L U
e=
U ngZH oh`U d]e= d_dU ai zU
:US }hU
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{S
h`Un= ai R n eUnL cx ox i
deU

nfw nT U fUn=

-}_x () }YjR }bU R phceU g>nA}S Y }g^x neT phhQ

pbd]Y
69

nY oh`Un= d_U ai L afhR g= = _ax nY {x i -= n A}[Y

I
R U hU nhB > L nB U Y ghdL hdL }x
.inH dU w }hQ
g= = d_ax = f ngfY
b < < ^ ` w mX mX
:US }haU oAn {Tkx |w dL
:P dU H L x}Y afx

.ai R oh`Un= d_U :

.oh`U nH q> w neY

gh[x h[x neY
I dL {bU :m ghm>

YT Y _U ewx
{S nY U fx
nJn]U pY_U fx
oh`U fL afx P H}U L oh`Un= d_Un= ph>|U {bU ai Y i
:bhR AU x}J L nT U A pbd]Y [=

AU x}J Y oh`Un= edL Rnfx P fL oh`Un= d_U px ai

@
hn
g _T mh X T :UbT YT Y Y R = Un_> }[x
g
neT
h n
T
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mfg @
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[ = X * z@ g P c K | f ] w Q n
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G X
.[- :U]
rx{U h= }aU w nRnfeU {L @ (~heU) }ha> oAn ]_x
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dL w p_hJ px}Z= p_hJ gU c> f_e= px}ZU g_hJ L haf> nei

R nhi }nH L fL oh`Un= d_dU phRnfU nx

70

 od@ R de_x rh= oh`Un= d_U ngnB

R ai T
Y }ZU p_hJ Y

.nH x}J Y nfU [x nY e_i neT }I

T

ginh> neT AU x}J Y gU

hd_= gU oh`U nZci Rnfx |w
L hU ng= > nehR ~_eUn=
= gai ngicdex ghR phai {S
Y l=

G |Y < pe
:}H]
S v < m G R :Un_> nS }Y Un_> dU
md h c T zeK m
w md h R :nS nx Y hdL A}S neL
n =@ [
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c T k< o w u< =i w
X |w { h mh
:nS [ :cf_U]g

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[ Y {_= U S U|= {gZx |U pY_U }x

mX = :=
fi :f_eU } Y R i ]_x dS ne= Un[> lR T @
w

U
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.[ /.] .U Y
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nJn]U pY_dU fU |w B Y

ngnB
Y px}Z= p_hJ gx{U {@> R }ZU }nT }Z= nhi :
.oh`Un= d_U
.oh`Un= d_U ngnB
Y }ZU p_hJ Y dL p_hJ R gx{U hU :m ghm>
.AU x}J L w nei oh`U dL Y w{fL nY :m Tm>

gai ngicdex ghR phai {S

L hU ~_eUn= ginh> :m ^<
=
.}Y Un_> dU Y l=

71

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odZ^T `ew og={T zaT `h

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Y dL w p_hJ px}Z= p_h]U TY {L {eU px}ZU >nSnJ

= ..fL phgU pe[_U ai f_x oh`Un= d_U ngnB

Y }ZU p_hJ
neY
.nghU @nhA {Tkx
U

|w f_x x}cU }bU R H}U px}Z=

dL ~hT}U lR |gU

@ p_[U SeU nY d_aU _SU _\U U = k> px}ZU

fU }Q HnhU Qn]U {h_ dL qinT H p]Qn\U

eU SeU d> }e= }_Zx }Z= w ne= H}U f_x nei ..new}hQ
phin=}U
pe[_U {h = ng>jJ q> n hdH n aSY | x cex neT ng>nin_Y
neU pe[_U d> U ..ng>nJ`\U \x ng>nd ]eU ohx Y _fe>
{h_ U ncY {h_ Y }Y U
~w SY R nU n]H

.@U

U pTneU nx }ZL R {i nY |w
:}caU |w {Tk>
e > T
gc R m g H f g T S | = z
.[ :}H]
S z a T m

T X S f gT n v zgS e K | Z =
.[ : Hx]g
c vm

.[ :Hx] < mv | < T mf < v

S
.[ :w] jQ < p h mX G |T

a h
mh X g c K

c [ w f e X o ` uI pd f T d @ g c K c T [ Q T
.[ :nfU]

n bR H}U U ng>n=n]B @>

U pTneU nx R nU |cw
72

U n=n]U d> h@> y[>

U (SU nx ncY) :{LnbU

x) :n= Y -UnUn= -ph\bU cU [_eU

.(n@ nx _eH fL n

T X h b T c d K \ gT p S | H T
.[ :}Y~U]w
| Gm

d g T m< e X mh { A * w
mR
^ < me g c K a = T
e X me ^ \ a T > * g

.[- :pSnU]g
= T

? mX z ^ < X v
h c ^ T X m
d T
g
v p ^ = T
d Tm]T

.[ :}bU]
Q < X T
.[ :}bU]w
| d d T X h b =

? z a T
Q < X T m
.[ :ix]w
| d d T X h b =

T X h b =
Q zf T c K f ^ d T c T mH T
.[ :n_i]g
c vm

z^ = f ? zw| w Y ^ T z _T m< f < K z w w

{ T X ` h |

e g K
v = mh | S K c R me c ` P X \ = mg hzT
m g T o e w zw| = f e K m
.[ :gcU]m I| Q | X mS

nghR pdh phL phi}S }^i w nei (}ZU -H}U) U }^fU |w

{U {U Y
> w nghR nY } _U
nffcex n hgfY
n x}ha>
fY

cZ

{x{> R n^i qadB dL pTneU nx Y {x{_U }ha>

.bxn[Y

U n> R x}aeU
Y n L{ = (}bU A Y) }ha> oAn cx U

feU
.R hdH}eU nhi pe[L dL nbU gfeU

nefU _= }_i
Y hY phd@
[= }Y y\ x A

:px}haU pHneeU R nbh]U

73

:pgT T S|T
o\Pm[T ngTmG o^gI |wZ=

e > T
gc R m g H f g T S | = z
*
S z a T m
:Un_> UbU }ha> R
d d T ^ m g T ^ m
h me gc K T z = > m
e R
:}H] |gZ

:{hU bx [-

R q_
U phgU pe[_U ngi
phde_U px}caU n[U h[I

...}i }Q p_x{U nA Y pUnA pxj=

}? jU Y _fe> U
h[I
dL }hT
}h?j>
YnY nwn? U ohUnH |gU ncU nwU

}h> paJn_U hR oJn> U phaJn_U ohUnHn= }? jx ni nilT

pedc= }L px Ai .n_ai nA x{U
}bU f_> U z S

}S R dHn= [ > pUjeU nghdL =nH

nU j= Ax nY i{U

.[ //}bU A Y] .}h?jU

~i neY
px U ow|x (}bU A Y) }ha> oAn Y Q}U dL
xl=
Q n}U nY L h_U px R n@ neT n@ nx _eH fL n

n@ |U dH p_hJ {fU nx |w R YjU

U niL{x i {h=

U px AfR fU B Y pYU n]U |w U dU =

nx
R ...hU dU A neL P fU pfaU }? kY ohUnH @ n? {S
U ncR }LnZeU dL `\x U cex |U eUn= nw}h?j> ng>b=

yafeU LU {eU dL od[U nU pUnH}Un= he_U ~U h_>

.= p]heU pxdeU ohUnH dL

}x[> nbY R c> cex nx |w ({hU) }x |gU

}^fU ]b= ngdB R @eU }nf_U p_hJ B Y ng> R pUnU
L
gR ..~heY
|U ZU ph[B
Y dex nY R hU @>
ph>
S

74

..> R dHU g@Y p_hJ R ni U }^fU SY Y pUnU @>

.= }?jU U rh= fdU dU qh> L q?{>
U|U

neT _h]U Y
i = pnJ pUnA cx U qhU |w ({hU) {Tkx
xnL a]U B Y hR dU ngL U h[I
R nex S

Y Ini

}Q ohUnH pg@Y R |A cx deU phL{dU Ax |U }Y U

/.] .p x
_Y ne
> U xU
}hQ pbx}]= ngYnY bx U {
.[-
nx hA> nY (}bU A Y) }ha> oAn R}x d]feU |w Y
fY dJ x|U U H R P H}U eJ px}T ~fU nH

px UA Y ha_\eU }J gYA ha> ggU I L cU

h@j= P ew
x}S od]U p =nH }eU dL nT f }= P ew

.ggU {gx nY \bx A pfH {eU

hb? nf }hc>

nw}T|> U -~fU nH R U nx}U |gU }_H {_=

R e> U pS}ZeU [U {b>
ngi }x -}_eU px}haU ocU
P {eY fU ph[I
ng>nh[I
R ng_hJ R pAndU
hL R phUnH}U

_\x |U fU nfhU {b> = ..ngi_ x U pxdeU ohUnH R

.ng= _x{B Unx inT U p@nU ohUnH nY

L rU pUjY w pUjeU qhU :Ub= egY

p]bi U n gfY
h\x ?
i pe[_U Rnfx U j= ?{eU
{hU
hdU pT}A R e[L

nf> gU {bx
ohUnH _= {he> nx nT = pUnH}U nA dL
U
}x T H R gUB pegY
hg> @ Y pUnH}U nU phde_U

pUjeU cU ...H dL hdL afx A w{

phHnbU nhI _=
.nx}U nfhU ngY{b>
pUjY w
U pah_\U ph[ZU

75

UnH}U {nbU w nT fU :w phUnU pbhbU ({hU) }bx

|gU
SY R ~w h_x cex R ~w SY R SeU qx
|U
U .._Y T}ZeU nw}hx U pxdeU ohUnH _U phfT e_U
}haU |w {_i nfilR |U .= hfYkeU {fL w{fL aSY _\x H
.[- /.] .pxU

mX ^[T
:mwzT

og^RT oTmT ogKdT o^g\T gga=

^ < m= c ^ c Q :Un_> UbU }ha> R

< u g T @
w mX

nx _\dU \x fU
nT w :f_= n = {b_x [ :w] z
:hR

fU nT gR P {eY fU ph[I hhb> R px |w f_> nY

a_ b>
nY _\x

@ Y ngUnY px |w U nx{U
w Y fL x~> ai U o h]>
i~A U a > aSY U {f>

.nY ..U gU ohijU @ R n@

L rx{U Y R qhU px :Ub= pdH cd> dL ({hU) ohx

e> P fU Se= h> qinT U phd_aU
ph_SU
pUnU
= ..h[I

px~h_U nx{U
}h> cex neU phLeU p_h]U hhb> Y R qinT

}gU L n e rx |U ini _\U @> U phini pUnU R

cex nehR
hR
U Y {b_x _SY U x h[I
]>

pedc= nh> R }U
U _U
Yj= fY dY U
w |w nT ne=
Y dL sni Y Y |w Y i~x nehR eU phincYl=
A>

.n? YL Y ni U \x nY R phini n_ai

76

 YnL px c> U|=

R bx Y P fU bx = dU {x}x n hnS
-hdYn_dU nx p hdeL c> n_ai |gU \U p=}U |w Y

|w Y g@ U nehR nU |w eU edx -fU B Y

.[- / /.] ..SeU

:zZT g
oTmG|T RX X |YT m^`h

T a w md < z g
[ w h c ^ h z a T
:Un_> UbU }ha> R
P H}U ({hU) }x .[ :}U]
U phU pedcUn= }? jx ni jT

U p_[U TnZeUn= hR }hU {x

|U }x}ZU

SeUn= hU @>
Y nx{Un=
{ h\hR pg@ T
}nY ni _x nY }_>

.=n[L }> > }LnZY >

{> U ph_h]U pUnU ngi

= _afx ne= _afx }Z= fU
}Z= cU

{LnS Y >nhA R d]fx n_ai w gfh= fh= }aU cU

}B

.|U SY Y x}hcU nhA R d]fx nefh= pUnH}U

sfx n hUnH }[fL nx{U

pg@Y R Un_ai Y _x nY |w

Y R dU U p dgY phA
p UnA sfx = {b_U Y R p hdH

p UnA
.[- / /.] .SeU

Y U hU }hZ> U UnY }haU |w L \eQ neU qU

ph_hZU }hHnaU Y }hcU hU S}x }ha> i Q (nhadB) R {h_=

.}_eU

R {ZUn=
_ZU P H}U n_ai L rx{U }_> cd _U

77

R qhU w pH{Y Y ni {L }U Y n iU nx{U

pg@Y

.!d T U|= }bU hR }[x

|U qSU R

:P G|T <
|YT |>iT hmh mdbT g<

< c ^ c Q :Un_> UbU }ha> R

{ f < e X j w T v m> c K ` h Am
z T
f_e= w |U U }ax {_x ({hU)
nx [ :gcU]m `G qw

}L nY }U U Y P H}U Zh_x nT nehR gU bU

nS -L{U }bU L hT}ZeU
:

oHnfx w P {eY fU }LnZY R phbhbA pUnA L }h_> |w w

.x{U pe[_U Y _ZU U |w
h== ohx ?
:hhHnH

K |g^= T :
ogTmG oghmh
oTm@

= U nY |dU bH ni pUnA Y d]fx U P H}U

Y d]fx

R bx H |U gdbY dL H
ghdL pbaI
g= pR

w = ph>
{bL nfw qhdR ..nh`]U }acU UngY
phUnH
phini
pUnA

.[ / /}bU A Y] .x}B n> ni phA}U

hR}U eU R

q> (}bU A Y }ha>) Y phinU p_]U R n@ {S -}B }h_=

}LnZeU |w :bx -ini UnecU }g^Y P H}U }A :fL

A
neT
pUnA nghR {i = bi pUnA e>
L {[> ngi U ini

P fUnR .inT n x x}B nY phUkeUn= _ZU L s>ni hw ini

H ai _x
n hf_Y
ai {x nY {bR |gU .gU |bfY UnUn= heUn_dU
78

 x}RncU x{AnU nY _ x U x|Un= n hf_Y ai {x i_ x x|Un=

/ /.] .w}hQ Y }T naI bx hdL w nY c= kw

.[phinU p_]U

w|A < |YT

hmh
|g>iT :hmT

x}B = }hQ }? jx neT -H}U- ni }? jx Y inY i

_x neY
gd[eU pUnH}U qinT nehH nghdL gUnSl= }ax UnH}=
[ Y n_ai |w
Y nfU nhA Y ini
oinUn= pg@ Y |Un=

.}B pg@
U |w p_hJ fdU
yhU
>nx Y }hT R x}cU }bU n@ {S

{bU |w >
pUjeU j= }_Zx d_x neY

ph_h]U =nH R}K

nfU nhA Y dL ]Un= _ZU afU new Y }hcU

.pUnH}U

{L Se= UnH}U
}? jU |w inU U R ({hU) }x

R n _feY nT dU n_ai |w dH n_ai U x

{S phdU

Y x}B R n _feY hU f cU U Y e[L _fe> |U P fU

jI
}caU R U {bahR ga_ }h?j> q> ]bx {S x|U dU U nL{U
.[ /.] .SU R phdU nU pg@Y R e_U

Y
U px (}bU A Y) }ha> oAn Y{S
nY lR I
|U H]U }haT nfx{U }_eU }hHnaUn= ninS nY n bU jY }ha> }_x
:Ub= UH}U dU p>n_Y e> px }L

hU wnL nehR nx YS {Lne= {@ dL UH}U dU Y p>n_Y |w

.[ / /nhU] .n ehA g= nT {i pgU Y }U dUn= nex Y
79

:Ub= ->n_T -H}]U |A |A {S

dL }A }T {@ {I dL UH}U inH dU Y p>n_Y |w

.[ /- /nhU eY] .gU U =}bx
n `dY = U d= A YS nex
:Ub= (i~hY) R nJn]U pY_U aT nehR

..ai ohh]> hd> P fU px~_> nbY R nw{_= ndU px

fL gR}[i }bU L g}L {_= ai dg> fY @}x f_eU

.[ / /~heU] .~U {I
Y

:dL]

:mh Q meG

c^`T
RT ogfT zacT I

c T mH mX * e
:Un_> UbU }ha> R
= Q | a e G

nfH U qw U px}haU nwn> _= ({hU)

R}x [-

R gRB dL pbhbU i dL nfH w nei c T mH mX :US R

A [U R >}S Y px bH i g\_= ow A P inhi {x{>
H}U }cR U i{x nhfU }x !!qi ngi hYYjeU _= oA

ph[ZU UjY qhU }bU R pUjeU dS Y pda`U }b>

pdA}eU pUjY qhU pnU >nh= [ x nY R
nY R {eU phfY~U

pUnH Y @n> nY R ngd T phini pUjY w = pdA}eU d> p@nA cx

n pT}A dL AU }I Y U \x nY R d T Y~U pUjY dU
.[ - / /}bU A Y] .hR pT}eU
pnU pYn_U

px R nfH (}bU A Y) }ha> oAn }x d]feU |w Y

R LU {gx i}S
dH w = n hbhbA nfH cx U dL H

80


R dU pbd]eU p@nU }_ZhU px{hAU {hb_U B
phini nU T
nY R phgU
phZedU }^fY bx = }beU
_ >{b= pbdU dx R

U d_x neT d T oh`U d_x |U w dU Y J= Y ax

.` w mX | f T c ^ w h d T
. c T mH mX * e
:US f_Y cx |gU
= Q | a e G

Q
L Zh_x x|dU [x U nhfU fY n hI e
=
f\> L> f cU g>nYnew gYew gdQnZY @ R nxn\bU
gU ]d U @ R phUkeU eL LU eL B Y i{@ R
R na }gJ }LnZY R n A A R i }cR R }Zx |U
i c T u
H mX dS Y pda`U }b> }cR U nhfU i{x
w neT n e hZeU nB
R ngLn dY R @U pT}A T
]eU
pT}eU
nincY L jfe= i f ^> R gU }h={dU ngL\B

U }h`eU
oS }> hdL = J Y hdL }_
x cex nY R

R nxn\S Y dU {x}x nY R }Y R dU {x{@

phZY
B Y {> {S
[x ne= fY n \_= f> j= hZY d _> {bR gU
}h={U ]B

|U x}_U i}bU U
w U ..fY I
[x U neT U Y I

R {Tkx
dL e_x
R ini LU fe\x nY R px{hAU {hb_U B
R dU pbd]eU p@nU U
.[ / /}bU A Y] .phini nU T
R nfH f_eU }ha> R (i~hY) R nJn]U pY_U ow |cw
dL phgU {bU nbU {haY nfH ij= c T u
H mX :dL H px
inH fL ]bfx f> rh= }S w :ph]_U |w ngSJ
w = ni dL {_= {bx rh= ..n]Ln=
U >{S J dL n=
.[ / /~heU] ...U nZx nT nI Y ni nZx
81

:og={T m^`h
ow|YT ~`eT Q zcT oc<mR o g|Q

|U [- :nx] n_i H R i}bU ]bedU }ha> R

P H}U ~A L hR {x
h} g T h c ^ h z R :YS ox|c> }@

g c K | S mS
:hdwnU Y cx Y hgi L T a w { T

| K
o w u< f g =i Q md T
kQ f
Q m a` h _ = p ^ \ G
Q m dc G
T X h b =
Q zf T c K f ^ d T c T mH T
oAn nx g
c vm
nS (}bU A Y) }ha>
:
ox|c> Y YS = g@x nehR A}U ~Un= }_Zx H}U nT w
Y i U nhU > w}> p h>
p U nA hU pfUn= e> pUjeU qinT w
snfU L jfe= d_> >|U {U
L eU {_> U phdU i

px_ZU phdU

P {eY
fU
yx}x dH |w Y w

oinUn= Un_ai gai nffcex gR ..cZU |w dL }Y nT

dUn= d _eU oinUn= Un_ai Y }T >|= d _eU

B L R}_i nY R P fU
Y U fx w .. }hB

ph[I
.=}U
B B Y UnH}U

|gU nbU nY >}> {S U ngaH nYL w |w :({hU) bx

/}bU A Y] .ngKnaU R}U gaU B Y nghin_Y @x nY{fL nx
.[- /
phUnH}U H}U ph[I
Y oHnfx ne= pTneU nx d> gax f cU

egU L c> nY {_= w U >n_d ]> Yew

n_d ]U ph[ZU

82

:bhR ph>|U

H}dU UnH}U
SeU hd> L {x
n hi}S n =dH ngfY gai nff cU

i Y }ZU U \x cex nY R n]B _ x x|U hhUnH}U

cU

pd=nS
ph}aT
hbU |w Y I
@= Ax gR nx{U
nY ph>

Y bfhU .._aUn= q?{A {S c> }\U Y hU cU ..{dU

b> p_
phUn_ai
pY{
px ex
eU j= nx U U B

H}U ph[I ]> U w pUnH}U pa qinT lR ..L{U R |U pT}A

T
lR
L {h_= c> ox ph[ZU
d= >}> ph=nx
p hdH

_R
.[ /.] .nh>|U
|U

:ImA mf]G
!odZ^T Qme= |YT ^[T RX

}ZU _\U SY fU
A ({hU) rx{A Y e>}g^H nY nY
X T mh z f K z a T
:Ub= }bU ng= }[x
U Q p[S R
rhA d Y R hU ng^H ilR [ :J] m X} K T z h T e Q R
:Ub>

:bU L =jx n_U }wnK

pe[_U Unx nY R bx {S fU

!!nh= U n> U B }ZU _\U SY R bdx neY

.[ / /nhadB]

(}ZU) _\U nbi j= ncU ai R >nx}[> R dbi {S ci Y

.[ / /nhadB] .pe[_U Rnf> nhi {U

L nf?{>
phdh[a> [= H}U px}Z= L {>
U }aeU T

neT
83

 L nf= e
pe[_U Rnfx U = h>
nhi Y i
T
.fU
nbY

ilR nhi i|= }[>

U pTneU nx R A ({hU) =

.{h_= Y ox}S Y pe[_U ex

}ha> nw}ax

:G|T h
zT hm^dT

U oi {S hdH}eU nhiU i|U oi|U x}cU }bU ofx

:pTnY nx ? R P }T H}U U
.[ :yaU]| A i = mX h X z a = mX c T T | ` _g T :T ow

e X j d T g
Q :oghmT ow
m
eX j d c T h{ T | ` _ G
c T T h c Km
.[ :{eY] S X b c a X c ^ w c T

< z d < x G h{ T | ` _ G
Q :oTmT ow
@ c T zK | m
Y ^ T m<
.[ :}RnQ] mb <
nh{T |`_X gdT x`T g< oR^T v mX

X z a = mX c T T | ` _g T * m egX m Q T me Q mh :Un_> UbU }ha> R

:hhHnH hUkH ({hU) }]x [- :yaU]| A i = mX h
hd_> chU oi|U }a`= yaU pSL w nY : jT
indU
hd_U R U gK nd=
.Un_R US R [_eU w fU
oi }aQ f_Y nY :hmT jT

}a`Y k>
nwn> }T|x =n@ ]_x S

n> U {_eU
84

 xj> oi|U
U UnH pxfU
h[I
P H}U pe[L Y oHnfx

S ph[I
Y = ex nT nY ngdB R bU
yfe> {=

nbi hini

pUjY lR |gU (hY n[U) = bdx heU dL q}R pUnH}U

p hT}A
pUnH}U }nA |U }ZeU }wn]U neU |w Y Rnf> oi|U

.[- / /}bU A Y] . na n S}I S

:w -{hU
nw}T|x neT -pA}]eU px}haU nwn>

obX v X h
: m=

w Y i f cU dU Y fU
{b_x nY R pcY
oi hU oi|U

ex }c_U }hQ }c_U }[U U U L{U

R S]i Y
Y }hcU }Y
gUn@ Y }hcU qdS U pT}U nwnLn= }hcU oi|U

.ghw

ya= gi pxf_Y
phAni Y phx{U
R {= |U -yaU nT U|=

n HnH -ghdL }]hU {_= gfL a_hU P fU

hR S n h_S
pcY

...>jx neU dH ne U gi}a`U

h X nh :hmT m=

n xf_Y e>
U pY nhS ex i nLn= Y oi }eU
phUkY

.ngLn> neL

!@ w< nh :qTmT m=

.A x= oi }eU

c^`T
|wzaT
|

` T nh{T :<|T m=

R ]x cex }Z= i nLn= ph_h]U

ph}aU dL penS pUjeU

85

pUjeU sUn_x }h_U lR |gU neU R n fceY U nT neT beU

...U dU }a`U U|T }Y nT U i nH dL
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.}Bj>
nY ngfY {b>
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nwn> |w ({hU) }x
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f_x
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n Y{bY

n i P fdU

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.pxfU ph[ZdU A}U e_U na Y oHnf> nx

Y i~x nY U
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peU
}U f_Y }a`eU Y Ai U
U }S _U

fex dU w f_eU chU }a`eU sni e> ngi nLn= peA}U

dU f_eU nai ~dx =nx f_Y Y = Ax nY R Y i
nhU n= HU ya> U pS]i w dex nY R yaU nLn=
|U HU
S P fU
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n H U nT nfw Y xnL dU hR= phfU |w U A ngU

A Y] .yaU {_= }B yaU S ngU
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nT negY
heL nex
Y =ni
ilR hRU Y }haU n> |w A
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}wn]U neU |w Y Rnf> oi|U pUjY U }h` nT negY fY oi
.[ .] . na n S}I S
phT}A pUnH}U }nA |U }ZeU
86

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gS

U na`Hn= }Y @>
U pTneU nx }ha> }bH B Y
}Y w pe[_U pbhbA {i (}bU A Y) nT R P fU

H}U nbY n HnfY chU na`Hn= }Y @x

dL |U nH
.P }T

: h{ T | ` _ G

ogmebT
oaw|\T ogmRT og|`T
g<

Q :Un_> UbU }ha> R

g
eX j d c T h{ T | ` _ G
c T T h c Km
e X j d T
Y) }ha> oAn }]x [ :{eY] S X b c a X c ^ w c T m

w i|U fU
na`H f_Y L _U nU dL n> (}bU A
R [_eU
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oi@ T

nS U dL ohx
:
p UjY hU na`H
de_U TdH R P fU InL d_R
oi

A> {S U _\U nbi ngdB R ~> U px}ZU pUjY ngf cU

ph}aU
} R ph\bU _x neY oi|Un=
nhbU U ni R{x ph_h]U

|U \U L n_U
A}U }h_U f_Y e> phnx phnS phde_=

w U a_ nbf= }Ln= eA R pQ}U SY R =}U

{_U Y{bx

.d_R oi U x
cex nehR oi|U dL yafeU f_eU eL

w |U }U odJ L n hnfT }h_> pedcU qinT ne=

phgU
pw

phde_U phfU Y dL U f_Y Y na`H i~x nY R n_U

.[- /.]

87

H}dU @eU
na`Hn= }Y f_Y }ha> R fU |w B Y

hgh@= }Y @
(}bU A Y) }ha> oAn }i P }T
:{h_= Y U pe[_Un= neU L jfY R f_eU chU h_
mRT |`T : g?T

ph}aU
nH dL na`Hn= }Y }ax
i~> nehR phnSU ph_h]U

_R n Y[_Y nT phnS phde_T

_ nbi Y P H}U px}Z=

n@ U nhB Y ngU>
p_h]U }h`>
phini

pe[_U

n=n]U { y
|U SU nx ncY lR }]
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neT P hU (wfU }Y)
jx U y

R }bi
:{x{L nx

g T |v f e X m ? < me ^ X mX T
g e g K z d =
..mgh zT
m

.[ :J]

.[ :}?{eU]
| b = e d =

.[ :}Y~U] c d K \ g T p S | H T

d g T m< e X mh { A * w
mR
^ < me g c K a = T
.[ - :pSnU]g

.nf_Y }Y
dH he_U f_eU w |w
neT n@ nx _eH fL nx
mebT |g^T :hmT g?T

@eU
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f_Y Y na`H i~x nehR n hnfT n =dH }Y chU P [_eU fdU

.veU R }U odJ

| m
Q :Un_> US R na`Hn= }Y ({hU) }ax
ng> phgfeU |g=
88


:nx rhA [ :}RnQ] h{ T | ` _ G
@ c T zK

R nehH _hJ w nY fY }a`x Y fdU {=

oi nfw w
}Y
nghT}A
ng=dH R pUnH}U hd= d _x nY

w ngecA ngxhA

H}U U hR {A ofx cex

H}U nT {bR pecA dL
eH

T
R nfU U
dL dU dL nfU dS yax cU }hcU ai Y ]_x

pe[_Un= na`H U fU
L bd> hT pUjeU gai hcR hA
ngU {i w >i
R pe[_U f_Y nw{x
S >}hH nw{>
U
}B }ha>
:Ub= U dL ({hU) ohx

X z a = mX c T T | ` _g T :yaU H R Un_> US R }aeU }T {bR

R n i i}_x pcY w nT |U w nghR oi|U [ :yaU]| A i = mX h
R _Y gdB U >L o= oLnY TnZY Y hR g_S nY R gbA
!na`Hn= U dU }Y f_Y nY cU }hT }A

{U
ngbeL R na`H pedT i~> |U n_U
f_eU fY }x {S

x{x h= ni U \Un= }L dU px_Un= nA dL

InU }L SY bx nY{fL {hH
Y {_U SY w neT n Yne>
}hcU hdgU yhU {eU pedT R n_U f_eU w neT nU
n= Ax |U
A Y] .Un_U dU e\eU {x{> Y nA
.[}RnQ H }ha> /}bU

89

:|`_G
owmgaT
ow^T oTm@ g<

:na`Hn= P }T H}U }Yj> U pTneU }[fU U }ha> R

Y) }ha> oAn {bL [ :}[fU]m < = mS h | ` _ G

< zd < x Q
[R (}bU A
fdU
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:hR n@ ([_eU
R oi|= bx U P fU nT
UneT e[L nH dL >}hY T
fL Y nhbU d e> nY R hedeU {nS i B Y U n]U cx {bR
.n_U f_U R ghUkY
ex
i eHn= dU gJnhR {LnbU

pUnA Y d ex nY B Y p=dU oH
w |U na`Hn= }Y cx {S
oi|U xng> Y U @nw h_> U dU p_nU pbfeU px_U
phgU
p=U od ]> oi nfw cx U U A >|U bfU B Y

nx SY Y d]f> gR h=dU
}g^Y ngi nLn=
dU ngfex U peU

B Y f_eU
.[- / /}bU A Y] .Un_U dU hR}A

:hah]U hgh@> e\x

na`Hn= }YU }haU fU
|w

pY w n]Un= [beU chU {LnbU fL nhbU : g?T

|U in=}U {nbU nLn= H}U U n]U h@> y
ex
nei

.n_U f_U R nghUkY

Y n bd]fY na`Hn= n]U chU \U px_U :hmT g?T

cx U U A =
n> }h[bUn= _ZU h_x d_> U dU px_U pUnA
.oi i U
R qhU w ai R e_x nY nfU H}> w (}w{U)
H >{T nY |w
90

 d ^ \ w
Q U }LnZY Y
m dgw m egb X @ c K m^ \T
:nh\U T
X zw| h c T ? T b d ^ \ h md h * |gG
h mh * b H } ? be
me < X m
.[- :}w{U] |w| \ d R m G K m X w
n_]U e_]x inT nY{fL }= kw InL |U @ngU w |w
A Y] .=|_U nb> dU n}eU n dJ hU p@nU nA {I
R w
.[ / /}bU

nY U|T |w
nx = heT nL{T R qhU w phL {Tk>
.}hQ

: c T | ` _ G

w) cG g<
(mXzadT)
cG (m

T m< m
b T g T me T }h mh :nfU H R Un_> UbU }ha> R
md < m
e T g < b T
c T | ` _ G
eu c T b = c T
* m dgZ A g

}bU @x
hT :({hU) nx .[- :nfU]m dg@ ` P mS c T
ph[_eU Un= }]> |U [_eU w na`Hn= H}U U n]U
\R
ng_SY L
:x}ha= U dL nx cex i }x

(m? mw ^dG eK mw) cG : |g`T

P fU n]B B Y pYU
n]Un= Ax i}bU dH
.eU phew
{hTj> R n in_Y
(mXzadTm<
rmeT K |g^T) cG :hmT |g`T

91

 |U R}U nf_Y fY }x na`H

R ni S dL {x
ni {hU
Un_> hU ng= fY {[bx = @ R \A oi|U

L {_dU
bhR= niU dU pe[L L }h_U n= Y U L n_=n=
L }h_U ohUnH Y dHjT U U }a`x dU U od]U pbx}]= oi|U
.[ / /}bU A Y] .Un_U dU nY {beUn= snfU

P eT cK cT o<= |`h
gS

pTneU nx }ax
na`H nx ngHnH dL }R
U phgfeU
U
.R dH nhi dL dU p=> L {>

w
f d T e T c K cT m
mZh
| ?m
= za T :Un_> UbU }ha> aR

Y hLi nfw ({hU) }x [ :p=U].. | ^ T o Km
G Q ^ = w
{ T
:negfh= x}aU `fx px R p=U

|BjU ngU nA SY Y c> U w peA}U p=> : eT

Y }>
p=U |w snfU R peA Y p=U d e> nY R peA}U f_Y
.P fU dL dU p=> R nU w neT {_U {U ph[_eU SY

x}nU x{wneU oT eZU }_U

pLnH R n=U qbb> |cw
.ph[_U phHnbU @ d> R {LnS nhS > U
Y P fU H }T (}bU A Y) }ha> oAn }x |gU
R fU
\U dL {hTjU @ Y cx ne= n[i x}@ngeU

e> b> eeU }>

U nhbU nLn= YH eeU

.[ / /}bU A Y] .U ph=nx snfU nhY dL [> hUkY

:UnU kU qU {i R H

92

 w
f d T e T c K cT m
f_Y neR mZh
| ?m
= za T :Un_> dU bx

P fU dL p=U
nfU }hU n@ |U w i oi|x P fU :({hU) n@

cx cex R {heU ~x~_U } U gx{ghU fU U ned^U Y

._R S R fL }feU

p=U sni = oi|U f_Y ~> nwnf_Y R p=U qinT ne=

e K f e K c T
n}U
:Un_> US R neT peU

w ngni

.[ / /{fU] .>nx nb= Un_U dU [ :{neU]g

]^ T ` T T

ph[_Y
Y pTneU nx U qi nY pfU R Q p[bU }ha> R

.[ :J] _Q < Z K
Q dK
:Un_> UbT na`H p=>

nw U nx {S nY w {A f_Y
ngU hU nedcU |w ({hU) }x
nfU y[x
= ngfY p=U nb_dU p_eU phiinbU
pxUeU
ph[_eU
Y

oh]U }Y qh[L
:bfR nh[_U pedT oh]U }Y dL }eU

dL d]i
nT H j]U L @}U L }_>
ngilR p=U pedT px`U pedT U|T
ai ni d^x {bR d^U nY
pxhi{U
Yn= d _x nY R
px}B

peA}U }a`eU odJ nY ph>|U pA}U ngU od> U ph]U

}aU Y ng_fY
nRnfe= n[i n> }> R d U nbY U nHn= _ZU Y d]fx {S ilR
.[- / /}bU A Y] .UndU px_U U
U

Y pg@ Y |w
p[S
ai pxnI
n? cex }B pg@
R pxUeU

.phUkeU hdcU qhU pf U B Y Q

nH dL fx }B n> nfw
_> U Q p[S R ph[U

}nfL Y > }[f_T pe[_U ph\S nw}h> U @n= >}x U

93

pahdB w @ R ni px{= Y Q d ex pxngU fU

R phU
a[= - R d U
p=}U h_x Y U { = ncR -phini

h_x cU j= U A> {S U phfw|U >}= Y }hU }Q pg@Y

U = k> {S }U |w Y >nSL n[i R na[U }U

pT}A R {_U `U
f_Y gax i {_U `U
p\S R SU

n hx}>
n =dH ph\bU |w qinT {bR |U .nhU
.[- /.] ...n hx{>

U pUnH}U Y phinU paSU R pd[aY

{S
[= U L nf?{>

.(px}ZU pUa]U :Q pf @) :fL q>

K c T m` K
:..e

ghidT w YbT ndT

m^T cG

K c T m` K
@ f T ph
T e
:p=U H R Un_> UbU }ha> R
b T c ^= R z w
A Y) }ha> oAn }x [ :p=U]g
<m
{ T T g w

n]Ll= oi dL n =nL e> px }L x|U x}aeU
U dL (}bU

i hbd]feU x{wneU oT L d dU ijH x|U hbRnfedU

i|U }n` Y n hS nT oi|U @ }R a_U (>)
d_R U neU R nbx R
:phUnU nbfUn= }haU n> |w dL }_H cex

fUnR
oi|U nA Y pUnA px ngdB R e> p?nU :

S pUjedU hdR jx }Un= nZx eU jhR }U }Y dex

{L kw }B pUjY R phgU }Y nfw qhU > n]i nB
.ngU paUnY Q R}[>
chU g@}B
94

 = :m ghm>
Y yh[U ng=n[i R ph\bU \x dU nfw nY T

y cZ= gax hx w}Y y\ahU gU }> R pUn`U pd[eU

.w\R}hR gbhbA dL edeU }_hR

{L R gU |U hi
U pbhbUn= ngUB Y Ax dU {bU
hdU R}Un= pUnU g@Y { p_H SB eH
Y n S]i }U

SeUn= icx U bU cU
nhU R =dH L = dU nf?{A
nY B Y

.U hR bx |U

dU {x}x |U U
Y Yni e[L Y nbi U R hU :m Tm>
B Y pT}U px}A nghR dex pAnY P fdU
dU }> {bR .hR }hx U
ng>nY _= R ]> {S U pRUjeU pxn_U nHUn= pY }Y = }= {x nY
d]Y cZ= U dU ngaZcx U ph> pbx}]= ngcdex U phh`U nHUn=
cfh= \S nei) :nS rhA nfU h= n\bU HneY R nU w neT n Yne>
.(nfhU
nexn=

U }> } R ngi pUjeU R nbx cex nY [S :m ^<

f T ph
n_U dHj= hfU
T :oeU

Un_> dU n]B n@ |U

{Tj> R x}B hedeU nY gU p A

U }L {bR }U }> R
Y gYni nex R gS{
A Y] ...H}U dU pLn]U B
.[- / /}bU

inex Y =ni
nY
w nei -UJ dL -pxU }ha> Y ({hU) Y{S
. }hbA }h` nT negY oi|U { ng_Y fex U P fU pe[_=
(nhU) R H]U zhZU px }ha> R JnU n>U {[>
{S

K c T m` K
e
:US yh }hQ nU dL = }T nY j= }

95

 nT nY _R neU P U nL pedT w nei

nT i d_ax = U

.[ / /nhU] .d_ax U lR ^Y cx U rhA Y d_R U

n]B
px }x rhA (nhU eY) R H}]U UnS U hI

.[ /- /nhU eY] .n_U _= hR P fdU

US {bR (nhi x~f>) R \>}eU x}ZU U U negbH {S

K c T m` K
R paJeU h^_U = [beU cx fex e
Un_>
nci dL deA o@= hU fT ph T
:ngaH neT n]U
}> P i dL U h\bx nY pxnQ n_U
nfh= {S \R U

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(~heU) }ha> R nJn]U pY_U hU ow nY heU Y _U

@Y
zh=U n_U = U }> dL n_Un= bU A R rhA
x) :n= Y had eU hbRnfeU U
px (n@ nx _eH fL n

.nY ij= \aY gi gSnai g=|T gK nhU pSY

}x
U n_U nbU nbeU nhU |w nHnfY Y pY_U

gUneL yn\R ghdL }H |U w ijT hdL nci h=> oJneU

.g>}x}H H

Y {x }x A }Y gK = hx
phYcU pxnf_U Y i w

.(n@ nx _eH fL nx)

:x}J dL nhU nS Y gR U

Q ? | A T :nx ? {_= Un_> US nJn]U pY_U }_x

mX bg
m A S
Q o e ` T b h _ w b T
A ^
... f T Km d G bg

hU [ :p=U]
R gU kx yd nT {bR }ha> Y hU ow nY dL
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}U nR nU Y eU n[hU d U
96

H]U \>}eU x}ZUnT }haU L hU ow nY lR nA

dL
K c T m` K
}> n= Y nL
T e
:Un_> US Y H}]U
f T ph

}ha> hU -oi|= hU U }> } R [x |U j]U U

P
:Ub= \>}eU {hU }
{bR }T H}U pe[_U n hY n x}@
.oi|= hU U }> nfh= {S

:oTaX
P ecT ZadT |gP i\T

Y
beU Y ({hU)
UnS nY dU
(nhadB) R >j> U T

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: ! }]H heB {A UnU pxU }ha> Y }]H p?? dbi {S

!}ha> Y (/) : ~@ }ZL p_H Y {A ~@ dbi ci
Y P H}U pe[L U x I hR hU edbi |U ~U A

}gU YnU }bU |fY p_hZU }haU L UnS {bR {h_= Y ox}S
!|w nfYx A

nY nghR hU nhU Y nweL~i U (px}U) pUbeU fL A =

{x
neT -nfw j]U P fdU [beU }hQ j]U w nH d> dL

px
R n@
dB R ex i U }> n= Y -|eU fU
= .oi|U nA Y pUnA
ng=n[i R ph\bU \x dU nfw nY T
gax hx
w}Y y\ahU gU }> R pUn`U pd[eU Y yh[U

.y cZ=
{ p_H SB eH
Y n S]i g_Y Yn_x P H}U nT {S
97

bx |U SeUn= icx U bU cU
..hdU R}Un= pUnU g@Y

Y] .fT ph T oeU
n_U dHj= hfU

=n]B nT |cw U hR
.[ / /}bU A

U }B JnbeU R ({hU) Ubx nY ai }> ci oh_U Y

K c T m` K
`d= nY U }hZx e
:US U }hZ> nefhA ..px = }ax

ngU U |w @ Y na pY}T i Y gU P dU H pdYn_Y

.[ / /nhadB] !gB Y
odZ^T Qmew T |=

ph[_eU j]U j= bx phYnY p_hZU ow|eU L Y {A i

}> } R
he@ lR n Yne> U Y c_U dL = pe[_U Rnfx U
}= ph[_eU j]U dL _eY L kw
pe[_U Rnfx U
R (nhi x~f>) =nT R \>}eU {hU {T {bR {h_= Y ox}S Y
}> |Un= px |w
lR _Y bfx U nT oi|= hU U
.[ /nhi x~f>] .RfU Y }hT T}x x R nhi
:px ai R H]U zhZU nS

K c T m` K
nT nY _R neU
:US
P U nL pedT w nei e
lR \Y cx U rhA Y d_R U nT i d_ax = U

.d_ax U

n_U _= hR :> n]U R (nhU eY) R H}]U zhZU nS

dU Y nB
> U _Y }U L }BjU
R ijH eU i R

}gK @}x U A _Y }U gY~dx U nT i inH

.[- /- /nhU eY] ...gSnai

98

a_Un= {= p>n_eU h]U Y |w :nS (YnU Y@) }ha> R

Y@] nhiU nehH
U fY }hQ nehR dU Y n_U x n_U S

.[ /YnU
:inIncU haU nS (Rn[U) }ha> R

.[ / /Rn[U] nhi nehH U }hQ nehR dU Y n_U x

:dYn_U
Yn@ = = nS (~h@U) }ha> R

dbU n fhe]> a_Un= U nL{U {S

hdL o>_R
}> U nT
.[ / /~h@U] .U }hS>
:{gZeU pY_U nS (nS{U ~fT) }ha> R

K c T m` K
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T e

w oxnTj= d L ijH A _bU R gU qi I

:f_eU

.[ / /nS{U ~fT] .qaS >

nL hA :px }ha> R (IncU) }ha> R dYn_U

phf`Y zhZU nS

fU

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dL inH dU >n_R = |L nehR g=|T Y gS{ d_x S gU

|w .gbhbA Zcf> A gU R rx}>

U nT :U nS U
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:}[eU }ha> R }I
dU {L {hU nS
99

o>_R
}> U nT fL d U R pLneU P nT
.[ /}I
}ha>] .hdL
:}hZU nceU (Y) }ha> R n@

gU f U f_e= oR UU n T}> U ex

cex ne=
U ginexj= |L Y bRnfeU U }gK ne= }^U d> R
}>
n hH }Y cx
.pL}= pLneU |w }_ U fY \R nT
.[ / /Y]

nY{bU Y p_hZU }haU L S }_H R }`H {x

U } R ph[_eU j]U U n _he@ w|x x|U x}n_eU
nehR nhfU gU R |cw .ph]U R nU U|T .pe[_U nhRnfx
.Z= pe[_U nex
U

:}
{S }bU lR

Z K
:U n]hZU }Q edK xQ U Q ph[_e= :

md v zQ [ :}bU]mf e K m\ g YT
md f T i Q [ :J] _Q <
.[ :}L] | _<

j=
:Q HY nhf= :m ghm>
:Q i = Ix pg
h md < h{ A

T mh z f K z a T
ghmh
:{g_dU Q | S m\ g YT
mX
.[ :J] e Q R X

:Un_> UbU }ha> R (nhi x~f>) R \>}eU {hU }

{S
j=
nS pg
:
h md < h{ A

R Un_> d U L x kx nehR nhfU hdL x nei Q fU

Y inY R ni}T neL

.fL }hafU \bx }Y R L}I
nB w nehR nYjR
100

.[ /nhi x~f>] .nhfU

}\x
nhfU Y efU |w (~heU) R nJn]U pY_U {T

{LU inhf= i|Bk> f_eU :Q HY S }R

pe[_Un=

.[ / /~heU] fL daQ

dS R Q HY j]= }
{ v
:UbU }ha> R U ]bU
neT

\ g YT
nS m
:
d K X
.pcdgU Y |U ~TU Y d_R nehR j]B i Q HY f>

.[ / /~heU]

nhfU d^U px`U ph[_eU pb=nU naSU B Y nf? {S

ngU nd][eU }aeU Y nw}hQ ph]U j]U gU
{_Y
n_Y

..pbd]Y [= n d> nhi L afi x i I

rh=
n_Y
dL ngdeA Y {=
R ..ng= }[x
x}cU }bU hT
.fU
nbY Rnf> Z= pe[_U U >
Y
Y }_> U pe[_U Y SeU R pYn[U phgfeU |w T

ng_Y qn_> nehR }w^Un= ~di nfd_x |U }Y nbU q=U

L {h_= w neT ng>nSnhH L {h_= }S }B [i }bhU cAneH >jx

}ZU _\U nbi L x{A Y }g^U ngAn[U phgfeU q=U

j= nhi {U
:Ub> ? pe[_U Unx nY R bx {S fU

j= nbU U |w cUS Ax neY

U ({hU)
U B

nh= U n>

Rnfx U j= }c> }Y }

{S i Q J dL U f_Y hx
.J dL pe[_U

>n neU
cdU }ha> R n_JnU nU (ninhU) d> T
101

A Y) nT R c> U ngijT ngfL cfhL \eQ nTneU nx

T}> neU !nY~U Y x{bL |fY hR oc> U (}bU
[fU |w T
ng=ngH ngA} ngA ng>}T ngRnT Q pehbU

px}haU
!ng=nfJ

(mg`cA)
(xgZT) g< mRm`X

{x (nhadB) (^L fU

}hH Y yh[U) h=ncdU nS

..RnfU n_U p@ U }aeU sgfeU R negfh= B {Y

!!fL _R{> ..
R idb> nY \R}> inU R T{i rhA
:nSnaeU Y {L -nfw -
i cex

:T oRm`dT
!|`T K Xh |f]T Q P eT
fG

(nhadB) nT (yh[U) nT sgfY h= pBn[U nSnaeU Y

phLn=}U > R P }T H}U gH pUbY R f > ci w
R P fU
U hUneZU px dL cbRe=
gH L pA}[= {>

:Ub> rhA >

nw {S .n \x n {hinHj= p_hZU oT R px}U |w {S

= = he@ }L {h_H pS{ = U }gY = pLneH

= }U Y}\U }c= = nebU {h_H = nZU {x }h[=

:Ub> ? .}h`eU

102

/ /yh[U]

.p_hZU }J R U nx}U dL ncI nfU hU

.[

R P fU
p_hZU }J Y U nx}U d_eU Y
g= }[>
R {[U zhZU ngfY naH {S ..}aU L Yf= }[>
neT >
}cfx dU gf_U paeU
`U :US nS A P fU

gH @
.[ / /hbaU }\x Y ] .fU gH

zhZU Y w|> (}hU Y yh[U) c=nT R -{hU pAneH- ci

}_> }aU L Yi > L fU

gH pUjY R {[U
/yh[U] !ncI o@x nY nghR hU }>U Y px}S gU nx
.[ /
@ {_>
{[U zhZdU n SnR -nx}U |gU n bR- A =
:Ub> rhA > L fU gH R pd[eU

U nA U \b> pd[eU P ^L hi
gx ceeU Y
dU
.pUnH}U pUU Y UnA
:U|U pd[eU @ }T|i cex

.U qhU U na[U _= U x ..igU khR hR nfU d`x -

nw U pS{ = U px R neT ggbax Un_> dU -

.fhdcU

@ U }> pYU
|w f
peA ni |U w Un_> dU -
H i {S :nS hU hdL B eR > b
> nY :U hS !}h _U
y[U L P Yi R U hI {S .zU H n P dU
.[ / /yh[U] !!}aU R
103

g= bU L _R{> A = {U
|w {fL cAneH bx U

}x) fL q> Ub> rhA y[U L Yi = > R fU

:(=@

nY Rnf> gU ph\S
.pA
}x}b> US P fU _R :nbx ne=}U

]x |w ..n \x US phA
Rnf> = d_R phA
Y edeU hdL a>

.pUnH}U fU
pecU nfY w hdL neL = ?U
|B gH dL }S
U U Rnfx nei ij= U L nx cex
ilR nY f= U fh= = hdL dU }bx
U nY fL j]U cU nfU
bL fY inY
.[ / /yh[U] .n L}I

Y w |U (nU yR) nT oAn }T nY U R hf > {S

.d_Y w neT pf U
nedL

R ~n@ fU gH }_x |w dL
hf> bL n_U R A I T
bL fY inY R nY f= dU Y
.n L}I

hR {x rhA (^L fU }hH Y yh[U) c=nT R caSY w |w

Zw{f> _>
nehR g>bY f > pf U
w dL cAnai {Y
nhfU dbfU db_U ineU {_= bx nefhA ({hU) T Y (nhadB) R
ox}S Y >i
U > U }h`[U ph>nhU Y _U fU

:x}cfY Ub> rhA {h_=

ph>nhU Y |w nhi Y fex dbi
hU
{x gR
dbL

.[ / /nhadB] .}h`[U

{S fY inY }h`[U ph>nhU Y |w eU [_eU nhi Y

R U (nhi x~f>) R \>}eU x}ZUnT pan]U L _= hdL {T
104

 j=
:Un_> US R Q HY nhfU gh@>
:gcU] pg
h md < h{ A

:Ub= [

}Y R L}I R Un_> d U L x kx nehR nhfU hdL x

}> nhfU Y inY R ni}T neL

.fL }hafU \bx
nB w nehR nYjR

U ofhR [ x }ex
@ dL =}ZY dTjY R gH i i

.feY }hQ U lR a `Y i

:oghmT oRm`dT
P eT fG m^edw |YT a^T

(yh[U) c=nT R ci
> R P fU
gH Y inY i {Tk>
bL
w \R}> (nhadB) R T}i nefh= hdL dU }bx
U n L}I
|w Y
dL nhi{U eS {bR (he[U Q ) p[S
R U ..S

ceU eU UnL R nT i Q cU H}= Q j]= bx Y

:Ub> U Y

U Ubx |U fU dL Q {U }@ nY R j]U }R

{L nf_Y _U
}h`= nfU h= cx i nf_Y {S H iT phS{[Y

.[ / /nhadB] .U

|U w dU j= bU px}U beU Y d_@ U|U

|U w dU :pUbY Y }hc= w ngi Y j]U R bx Q {U

UnL R cx U Q cA = > R P H}U gH
SU
bU nfd[R
neT hU R henY n_i p_i R
.n b=nH
105

U nehR > R P H}U gH Y n_fex }ZU b_U nT lR

L}ZU db_U ineU }> nedR gH dL dU }bx
U fL nfU |Bjx
nfU UnL R = ..hdcU UnL R cx U i Q Q cA R
J
| ` _ Gm
:hcd eU
naB R gf>
Q me Q md h
Q nH Y
|A <
![ :]m
h m ^S

phLn=}U > L gH hdH}eU nhi >nB nhi cx neU

j]B afx nehR {bU H phS{[eU {xkY
(}g^U ) p@U
!{S H iT phS{[Y eU UnL R cU H}=

:oTmT oRm`dT
!ZT mgh obdT mgh

> R A daQ P H}U gH hR }> |U qSU R

bL fY inY p@U
nhi{U ehb> (yh[U) nT R U n L}I
A (pceU) dU Q i = Ix nhi pUbY dL ngi{_b>

:U R hx}@ hUbY >}]H

.}h`[U nhU Y R [_eU nhi :T oTadT

.ph>nhU Y R [_eU gH :oghmT oTadT

(px}U) beU {L R -nhadB R -nUbeU n>nw n@ {S

.[ / / /nhadB :@] !!hdH}eU nhi pe[L g> U

dU bU }ha> {[= w (}bU A Y) }ha> oAn bx nY{f_R

mX
T pg
h hkQ :(i = Ix) Q HY R nU dL Un_>

:[ :gcU] | S m\ g YT
ghmh

106

Y |w eU fU
{i nfi
nhi nfY }ax dbi dbL hU
A Y] {h_= Y ox}S Y >i
U x U }h`[U ph>nhU
Y dL pnQ ? R cd_x U ({hU) bx nY{fL [ / /}bU
hUbeU hdL d>
U c= neY
hY[_eU pe[L gx {x}x
}_x U beU {L R cU hai
Y f> ngi }h[= UnL T
L}ZU hdcU ni {hAU TnhB x}R R qhU w pH{Y
/nhadB :@] !!px}U beU |w nY }>
cb>L dL bdeU
.[ /
R hdH}eU nhi >nB gH U (yh[U) c=nT R w|> nefh=
L Yi ngfY p_=}U pUnU p_T}dU inhi x{U eL w U [U
L Y }hcU R Q ngS R eZU dJ A y[U
fU g= bU {L A nH {[U zhZdU {[U
d T U p_hZU

.phYnY {fL nghai dL aeU Y Y [U R

gU xeU
dL nghR U pnU UnH R {haeU zhZU bx

p_hZU Y {d beU pnfU > |U rx{U :>nL R P fU

fU

eL o@> n edL }e> U nA nB Y ..> R gH

.

nhi {haeU zhZU }x (nbeU ) {nb_U =nT R

Y nhI fx x{U
R I R gH gfY x R pe

Y phYnY }nH ow|Y |w dL ncA

}wn^= d _> gfY |I
.nU |w Y {HnaU f K B dL xj> ngU nx

{_= }[>

U px}U R ax i U (ox|gU) R H]U zhZU i

}U |w fe\>
nY = R |U :bx rhA S gU >{H fU H
nwni}T nei pYn_dU pbRY gR {R gH i Y nwnfY{S
U nB nYjR

107

.ng= e_Y ncA Y fe\>

nY

nS x{hU }B ]= (}T|U) R dU pY_U }

}B :

Jn= ni{fL x{hU

.gU hdL x [_eU fU

new dL (}T|U) R dYn_U cY = {eY {hgZU {T neT

db_U hU{U nhbU phYnY h= }Y w :Ub= x{hU }U phYnY
.gU L fU pe[L dL
({[U zhZU) x=n= = S L H nY{fL ilR dYn_U ngU zhZU nY
P
.fU
Y gUn= U ilR gH x=n= = = :n@ fU
g=

hfU) :nwneH pnB pUnH}= fU

{S
zhZU {[>
gH afU dYn_U }U
Y {[>
neT (nhfU gU L [_eU x~f> L nw}U Y d_eUn=
(i n=) LHY R deU pY_U ogH nehR {haeU zhZU S
.}hQ {[U zhZU nghdL {eL U gU nB |I nh= R

oQ|A = Q P eT
fG (zgT)

rhA ({hU) w > R P fU gH pUjeU b=

x|U Y
{[>
.pR}B nw}L
:UnU kU -fH = S -qU {i R H {bR

gU nY hd_U U }hQ {eL gx P fdU cex w

ZU

cU }\U Y hU i {eL fU

gx hT pR}B |w :n@jR
n \x w gx gU ZU

-ox pS}U neR

nY nfU d _x
Y
.[ / /{fU] !!nged _i A }i -
108

:o^<|T oRm`dT
!c_T `eT fT

Y }T R nhiU }ZU _\U pUbY (nhadB) nT R \R {bU

nT R A}[>
nefh= px}U beU Y nwe>}L n _Y x}ZL
pxnQ R w }Y }Y
cU pUbeU |g= (^L fU }hH R yh[U)
h_T i A phLn=}U > R P ^L fU
gH w ]U
!ngS nR A }aU L Yi ngfY
Y @U R }ZU _\U pUbY (yh[U) nT R d_@ {bU
:cUb= > R P >nU fU gU pd[eU @

cex U \b> pd[eU P ^L hi dU gx ceeU Y

:pd[eU @ Y }T|i
qhU U na[U _= U x igU khR hR nfU d`x -
.[ / /yh[U] .U

}= dU |U }ZU _\U pUbe= bU w |w cUS hU

gex{b> dL n }A ghR d`U
Y n _fY hdH}eU nhi nh[I
R

[x U px}ZU pUbeU n Bn n S{[Y }_x |w = {S HjT nfdU

L Yi p@U > R fU gH U nfdU ng>n? @ Y }Y
!!}B p@
-pbhbU R -w P fU
gH }x}U e>}T |U rUnU @U A
:Ub> rhA px}ZU pUbY U _x

@ U }> pYU peA ni |U w Un_> dU

|w f
i {S :nS hU hdL B eR .> b> nY :U hS !}h _U
109

 L P Yi R U hI {S ...H n P dU H
.[.] .}aU R y[U

:oXmT oRm`dT
mgeT fT z^< (ggT) <m

[_eU L pbd]Y [= nhfU gU af> (nhadB) c=nT R

:Ub> rhA
R e[_U phRnfY P fU U j]U pi T pbhbA naQ `fx
ph]U j]U L R nhi pe[_= dnS gi phYnY p_hZU ow|Y
.ncA n_R nbL hdU R nw{_= p_U S nhfU gU
RnfeU gdU }B n ]=n ]_> cilR (}hU Y yh[U) c=nT R nY
:w pe[_dU
cU nfU |B gH dL dU }S
.fL j]B

bL fY inY ilR nY f= U fh= = hdL dU }bx

U i }> |gU
.[ / /yh[U] .n L}I

afU Y hU w neL
dx (yh[U) R eh]L |U =n\U |w
}hB }U nLn= =nU }fU AUn= |Bji gR nhfU gdU d]eU
h[= U eU nLn= AU =nU h= ei A
nT U A hdL dU fx
|U gU }fU nhadB R n@ |U d]eU
.ncA n_R R
nhi j= }_> ngi ngdbi cex nfilR phfU |w Y A
U {_= gU dU hh> fex g>nL R A fx n]B c>}x
110

.ge[L {L Y

~n@ - }hT nT negY- _Y j]U cx p@

U }? kY hhU nT lR
.}S {L dU hh> Q fY w w nY _fe> nedR

R Q (j]B) cU H R Q (j]B) _fe> neU

dL n n`Y =nw|= }gU R Q ix (j]B) }ZU Y T
}c_U }_Hn= Un`Zi R nehdH (j]B) =
Y } Y Y YS
!nhU nfRn[dU

jT Z= pe[_U U x }ha> }ha> Y A U _fe> neU

}> } R cx

[A {S @
~L
dU hf> d_U Y \R U
.hedU

me Q md h
J
:pceU naBn= Q Un_> dU i {bR
|A < |` _ GmQ
mf e X S i Q :U {=l= Q i
h m ^S

m
:ned^U R LS U U nbUn= ix i
md f = G md f T z Q

d c ]T
Q me Q g
h m G ph
T m
T d a T mQ
cX v
Q nehdH i g
X pe
hU eZU > }e=
S h
d Tm]T

e K
Tm
.[ :]m

:nUn=
< m X `\ Q c K mv

}e=
@
~L
dU Y hh> hf> n _he@ p_= U |w R hU

ngU }S {L ngLS

(}g^U) Z_U
> {A R hdH}eU nhi >nB gH nT lR

{_= (hUneZU ) U hYYjeU {A hf> ~n@ h>}hB h_T}dU inhi

!!I [U R ~ i :dU H nx :Ub= hdU
nY :P fU nS

111

!!h_T qhd nei :hUneZU nS

US Y Ub> :hYYjedU P nbR

!_i :YYjeU nS

~n@ U nT !!gU >{H {H [U g= >jR

P fU
nbR
\R p@ fY S
w Y gH x nedR U dU hh> hf> }Z=

w nY R
!]B phew
fY S
hU }h`[U nhU Y R [_eU gH (nhadB) R }_> neU =
}S {L hhU @ Y A ~n@

pUnU h_T}dU inhi > Y ngi {_= P fU

i |U ?

ni n hA cx U p_=}U
H}Y n cd Y
nA Y n ehdc>
Y -h}@ px}U bf> U n Y
@ nT hUneZU
{S -
R nU w neT @ ~L
dU {fL Y { hfU bi A hg= e>
.he[U p[S R Q {U pceU e>

Y inY i ncI nghR hU hUneZU px }_> U Y

bL gU
.[ / /^L fU }hH Y yh[U] !n L}I

RT z^< ggcT odgR

gU R SU j]U nc> {_= >jx |U hhU hfdU pehS i

.n]Y ne@ U ybU U j]U x
hhU nhfU

lR ..nhfU {_= }hT|U gU dL hfU ngi dL pe[_U ega> w

nT negY nhfU }hT nT negY j]U R SU Y fe> ngilR U|T nT
.n eh^L
112

hdcU UnL R { _aU S {_= hhU hfU {nR nY ?

.SU x}ZU

gU
hh= }x }Z= nhfU gU j]U x nT

phS{[Y bx U lR hdcU p_x}ZU {h> R U nT U A

pLnH {_= dU Y hh> hf> {[x e> nfU {bU H
= {[U dL n bd _Y >}hH Yc= |B chU ..hYx x hLnH
!!U

_IU _]U heUn= bx |U }haU (nhadB) R \R {bU

dU i
U yhbU pi ex e>}L }haU L hU ow |U
i Y _]U
heU }e=
bx gZY n> i Q x{ [U
Hx

{x{U in=}U hfU L }h_> w |U (nw}U) @U {[S _R

pT}A
.gUnx

|U hfU db> SU [U S hU hfU \R}> ci

ybU Y I R nT yS H inU Q new{_= cx

.U

:oGmT oRm`dT

Q |YT ^[T

Y ({hU) Ubx nY hR \R}> |U qSU R ci

Se= bd> fU

fU
n]L {x}x }bU SY Y }T R ni R }ZU _\U
:Un_> UbU }ha> }_Y R U [U
nY R penQ pH{bY
pUnw

>}L [ :J]m X} K T z h T e Q R X T mh z f K z a T

113

neY
pe[_U Unx nY R bx {S fU :bU L =jx n_U }wnK

h[_Y pf U R p[S
}R
i Q }ZU _\U SY R bdx
(}hU Y yh[U) nT R T{i pdei {hS pe[_U ex
n _ }ha>
{AU }Un= Ub> rhA !!Q {U }ZU _\U L ?{>

:(m X}K T zh T) fL q>

:nS hA nhfU pxnhB U nI {S Un_> dU yU Y _U

.[ :J]m X} K T z h T e Q R X T mh z f K z a T

px |w
pSnJ Q nT U i dL {>
nY dL {S neU e>

ned cR eU
dL {bU {L L Ini nhfU f_x neY

hdL {S

px |w \be= x{U nhfU pi qd S ned T SnJ Y~L ni {S

.[ / /yh[U] .pex}cU

:aT Q|T m^=

z< mdX
zK mdQ

}h`[U nhU Y R [_eU gH hR \R}> |U qSU R ci

R }>
(nhadB) nT R px}U beU Y ngi}_> ngU inhi

}hcU x{U Y R [_eU gH (^L fU }hH Y yh[U) nT

!x{U eL w U [U gH =

h_T}U P dU{L = {eY hdH}eU nhi >nB nhi db> ci

!!>U Q i = Ix nhi \R}> nehR > Y

Un`Zin= Q nehdH dL -dRni - }[_U qS R \R}>

R dL bR> nhU nfRn[U p[S

R ngdU {_H o@ R
114

!!eZU dJ A Yf= P ^L H}U dL }aU

(nhadB) (yh[U) h=ncU R caSY R nSnaeU pde@ Y ngi

.phdbL fY
n gfY nadx negd_x neY

neR }]B (yh[U) R = db> nY (nhadB) R \R}> neU
!{= neY
{L
neY
]U
Y i U }> g
U keU o>ncU {U efU

d U
phdLnR {Y L }_
x |w .pb=nU pbAU h= n h_hJ B _x
!n h hU (yh[U) nT R n@ nY cx U|= .xhA
UkeU

x}J R {x
TnL}x c^ax Un_> dU ji }B hU }hB

Y nghR nY Q -pUneU nH}U |w _x Tn]B hbU rU

.ohY heH i {eY {hJ pSL peheA pS{[U

n bd]fY -{I

.>nT}= dU peA chdL U

deU
GdT TmX <
(wz<m^T w T zK zgT)
w h= / pH{beU
S

***

115

mbT mwX
..................................................................... pY {beU
............................... nfU Y nf= ~>
Hnf> phahT
.........................................px}ZU
pUa]U Q pf @

Hx
............ < mv | < T mf < v < p d v z a T

x{[U

m? *T = ~K=n_U
...........................d K
w Y

......................... }KnfeU }^f U h= (= |w) :Qhw}= pUbY

...................................................n? afU h= pLnaZU

.................................................. pe[_U px}ZU h= fU

***
117