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12

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14

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n x}cR

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cU n `d Y |fhA chR US |fhA Snfx d_R lR fY n \Snf> U ncU ngR=
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cU Un=
Y >
UnH hd> R PfU pe[_R }BU
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bU pU sgi dL _aU pU Y }T nY :T cK @h
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{S |U de_U SU nH dL ni Y _aU d]fx {S cU


Ln B Y hR }x
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pd[eU ngfL @}hR pxf_eU


phU
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L phde_U g>]B
15

a= w{T

:x}cU }bU R n@ nY {w dL } U x

X v kQ |S{ = m\gYT

nY dL [:}L] |Z
X mI
f X
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U _aU SnfUn= Ax |w Y lR U {_= => ? nI


YnbY bU ngfL }L
U }caU L px}h_U pU{U @ R }x

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_aU bU R pe[_U }x}b> R U{H dH |w :[i


nfi

Y {=R
nw}hQ T|eU nZSnfeU B Y {H R bU dex

nghR ni Zcx {S }B pU U dU
R nL }hQ {A

fU

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dYj>
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dU B
R inY nfU Y ai =
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Y S{ R peh^_U hSB

cx }x
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fx UnY

.}hh`U n> R nhU ni dL dU dL yaf> pUnH {U


p@n= {bU pedcUn= ni }hh`> {gx |U }hh`U {U |w
{HnaU SU {[x |U pY{[U .ni U
yafx |U }Y S c=
px}caU
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U U nghR bx }B pbx}]= nT n\eU n> dU U nhB

.YnT cZ=
[_eU ZU U px}ZU p@nA w ph\bU }[f_U
he@ R ngi nghR {hb_> pUjY gR nhBn= ngSL U ph\S nY
nbH L {x
_U nfx A @ ~L

dU Y \ a > A
.\aUn=

16

pT}A R fU hR e> |U {Un= ng_hJ R >}> pe[_U {b_i nfi


eZU w neT n Yne> U
w PfU nH dL nhU ni

cex hcR > R U


w nT eR

gR fU
d T i d T A
!e_U }caU R hU JnU A~x

cU nedL U{> neY


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n beL }T pbx}]= eU pH Y {=
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w ngU {hTj> pe[_U R n chcZ> cU |w R {> w nU R


!cU |w nY SY kU L c=U bx
:nbU pbx}J dL cU bfx i _U pdcZY
x
nY

=
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=

nS
nS

}caU {[Y L I

fi
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L

x I L
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x|U ned_U h= }_eU w neT }B hU{= hdL {H ceeU Y
gi U g\R U f_x d]eU dL pU odQ ZSnfx {S

.}B hU{= i{Tkx

17

|X T

:nfU] |X T ow cK m ac ^X aw X Q w|YT bw v mX

f< |dT )
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Q mdS TR og@
cK zgSiT mX Q bw md< < m\ dT
YT

Q mfgcK |gT mf< d^Tm< TG cT mh|X T m> mG X |gbT


|gbT Q mdS c\X bY< oagaT p= mfhi< zgSiT g\h {T pRT
gZw zR \w zR w{T mfa`T T ?|T cK pT T qwm@ X
rmeT g< T o]@X X m R\h T K|YT bcT fdfQ Q
mehkQ {v cK ogcT rmeT g< fT m= cK n=|= T og<mw
gT oKm\Tm<
|X mK g\h
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T qwm@
v od
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|aT oS|@ cK zgSicT |g`T e^< g\T T mH Q RpgT
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ogcd^T ow|b`T mwm[aT Q ogcadT

18

ned_U ngbaU n> R U }Y Un_> e= :}w|T ygYT


bL {hb> Y {=

nI }Y }U Y nbU rx{= |B
R gUS phU

}R R w nei SdU n bx}J I _ @ lR SdU aUne= d_U {L [=


.SdU b=n]Y neA

J b_x i rhA ai UY }Y gR px R T|eU }Y nY


\bY nT dU }Y paUnY hR ne= }Y U fU }Y [U UeI }Y
chR n bd]Y n]eU ZU pe[L w }Y U PfU pLnJl= J
.hU U H ngU dU RY[_eU pe w }Y Uj= }eU

nT H > R pLnJn= }Y w nfdS nY :cT [Q zgT


gc^=
n xUY n xnI
ZU T pxnacU pe[_U dL ie\Y o= {x
nd= qinT pUjeU U i hbR w rhA Y hdcU dL pA

= T R n@ neT SdU paUneU }_Y R nT Y pLnJl= }Y yS


w neR }B nd= qinT S {L U ]= q? {bR phS
px lR |gU
pe w }Y Uj= }eU dL pe[_U dL {>
RY[_eU
.}hT w eU R U nB nd=


19

|v}T ogZH Q og<|T XmK

()O

o`w|YT mf= o^gI O|v}T K aw dgQ bw mX :


mX T fgcK
K|Q |X w|X |bT owzA new zgT K {S

Q owm^T |gP mgZT


^< K zw
meT ^< mS ) :Zh

T og^g\T |]T ogZA


mev zh mehkQ meT jv mgZH

{T dTm< cd^T }T ca^T @|T


deT mhmbX fT
pc`S

g\h ..={T deT oTiX Q ^gI


bY<
ogZYT
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X K f?|= }gdX
oggP
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m^T |dT
[w T
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Rpe pbdT O
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nY yh[U dL pdeZeU }hcU nB R {S


}w~U nhY dL {x
Y nY ngf]= R hf@ w px{B ngY
ngx{A R nY i O
pxnL }hQ }Y }w~U w :() dY @ ()
20

peJnR Qn[U L {hL = yh R neT nghdL pceU ~i


nT ngh= dL {x{I ~A nghdL B {S n Yx h_H peB ngh= {_= qcY
cx nY incY ngh= L nw}x ngai oh]x
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d^U Y nghdL }@ nY U ocx QdL nT ngx
ne@ }>Y
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hU
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.ngU dU \U
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gR phhQ
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nfi ? nghdL d eU
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w |w nhd_U n@{U U g=
a>}x rh= fY n a]U x}Y L rx{U
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(pe[_U f_Y

Y ]S UkH R U |A nU cU
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21

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zg`dT ygYT cK |w X Q bw v mX :

Q cG {v )
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.w|X g< dcT og^RT ZT ogKeT oagR oG X mgA

gXZ^X hbgT mK ^< cT mgA X hmdT v mX mh meh :mR >


ocZX X m R\h T Q ocbYdT v mX T Q fgT meT o?m@ mKm<

T fTmdK cK T fRmaG og@mh X mbH mev mS mK

^? Q [`Tm<
mS T

:v gcK T kQ
fT owmgA b=

bY<
[`T
bw mdcQ ={T maGm< oKm\T cK < mhT T

cK ma^T Q xaT < mgAm< bw mX cK T Q xR |HmX

.zadT |gP

mw wi= cK p< zR mv|gP owzT ow|g`T mGzT


:aw >

jT bT odZ^T X Qmew md< mgh X h{T R Q |vm]T

mgh K qwzT Q h|aT cG ^? {T |T


K `h |`w {T
PT dT X wiT |w
gS |b`cT m[dT T
{f< @w

22

cK `cT d@ X c\ew {T wiT ngTmG X |gS Q ocbYdT


owT

{T |X P< bT mfgQ za`w T o?zT T Zw zR h |vmJ A


(..h|aT mK X Qmew

Y p?? dL eZY T|eU nbeU Un_> e= :}w|T ygYT

w phYnY {fL pe[_U :=@ pe[_U pbhb= >}x nY : }YnR


ai R {bfx rh= hbhU d_U Y {A
QfU nY d x

nfU Y }hT lR S ceY }Y |w nghdL nS iT Y ph[_eU

ZU lR x}]U R _U ZcT g= hd> U ynbU _= Y [_Y

d_aU L{U ai R {bfx i f_e= yhbU _aU |w L [_Y x}ZU


Y i :=R pe[_U pxnhBn= d _eU :inU }Y nY .hdL nS iT Y

[_eU nhB phRnfY px}@ pe[_U T neU


[_eU hdc> ncU
Jn= ph[_eU L hgi pLn]Un= }Yj=
T Y {beU }h`= n ahdc> icU

x}cU }bU }wnK {Tkx


}\Un= q=n? }Y
had cY RhY[_eU
:rUnU }Y nY .i [:}Y~U] ..c d K \ g T p S |H
T .. :Ub=
:=R ph[_edU phRnfeU phi}bU nxn= d _eU
pfx}bU qYnS phi}S px T
w |w pfx}bU \be= nw}wnK L ngR} o@ nw}wnK B dL phdb_U

w }wn^U B dL penbU pfx}bU \be= e_U R b_U nfU ReU


|^T
:Un_> US i hU nx R n \x ned_U {x
|T
cK d@

{bR [:}aU] m` m ` c dT
:Un_> US [:J] G

<
m?

U|cR ngRB dL phdb_U pfx}bU nhbU nw}wnK B dL ned_U ngdeA

nw}wnK L }[> ngilR j]U ph[_eUn= }_eU


nhi R U nx

23

}= nfA n= Y U|= }h_U lR pQdU n hRnfY U hU pfx}bUn=


.ngU dU h=}beU nhH
Y pe[_U @ A cU nH nT :cT [Q zgT
gc^=
nY PfU w = @ |UnT U nT lR ..pxnhB ngiT
Y ph[_eU ai R {bf> rh= {A
fhbhU d_U Y d= {S Q
.nghdL nS iT
phYnY p_hZU {hbL j= :gcK | w hkQ
hA Y {> ge[L {Tk>
U|T }Y nT lR .n hYngU nT = n h=nT cx U gedL g>
U f_Y nT Knd= ph[_eU hdL fe> p@ p>}e= d_U |w nT
dU oT ne= gU nhB }hQ w |U d_U o= nT nei nfY
.w{fL ph[_eU HnH dL fe> |U d_U Y ghR

hgi pLn]Un= ahdc> neU ~dx pxnhB {L ) :bTR mX


.({beU }h`= hdcU ~dx ph[_eU L

_fex dU cU
ngU {[S >l= [_eU Y {[> pLn]U :<Q

QHx fdU [A nY }Q dL >{S aU a]d= ph[_eU L

.. :Un_> US [:Hx] < mv | < T :Un_> US R

fg
[_eUnR .[:Hx] gc vmT
X S
v zg S e K | Z=
T n

nY .n_U d ceU ngfL gfx neT b=n]eU f_eUn= ph[_eU L n hgfY


hU
US R neT nghdL {bU f= PfU Y ph[_eU { ncY R hS

US [:n_i] g]K w {K
<
h R :Un_>
K mA

pgZ
}T nY }Y w [:}Y~U] ..c d K \ g T p S |H
T .. :Un_>
24

oSn_x dU dL hU{U pg@ Y nei


U A hT}ZeU hn_U T
R {bY nh[_U T h= }R Unfw :pdeUn= .nhi inT gi nf}R
aU
]dU nd= n _feY iT h= pxn_U px}ZU {bU nd= ai

.Rpe PfU ph[I R inH dU L |U


hT
> nd= hR pedK |U fU gi }ai

ng=@ h= pe[_U pxnhB h= eU R phdb_U hdU |w


}cR ni yfe> h]> pbdU R hY[_Y pe
.SU gR L}ZU hU{U Y dL n cHneY

fi rhA YT R hS{U {L L Ini gR :qTmT |X Q b<? mX


q}L f cU pe[_U Y Rnfx ne= nx }wnK xj> dL }L U
x}cU }bdU QU nL oin@ Y fx |U dH dL
p`dU {LS Y pefY c> {=
i}S i
}wn^U B
pH }\= n e S qfT U|U ...neU pxnfcU n_H R ph=}_U
Y h]i phQ= phdbL pH x}cU }bU R U pe[_U Y
.x}cU }bU pQ= U > U xjU nx ngUB



25

mf< v

< pdv

v
w|YT bw v mX :
Gw G ow Q aw d<
< pdv)
..hmh ^[T R X }w}^T |X m=m< pS|=
(mf<
zR Gw |KmYX
|dT mb= X ZcGmQ <
mv|< SiQ

gi f_> Rpe nhi pe[L Un_> e= :}w|T ygYT


\R L{U gHai R {bf> {A
ngd_R L
hbhU d_U Y `d=

L [_Y n_U ni neT ph[_eU dL ni {S Rnfx |w

U dL >{S Y nZU R nfU nY _U ZcT phbU n_R _=


\R ngd_aU L{U ai R {bfx }^i R ngS {ZU
.ng= nhbU L
f cU

mv|< T mf < v
< pd v
T|eU px nY
(U) aU
d]eU cL dL gR
ph[_eUn= e w nfY dL
[:Hx] <

}_eU nB nx Y naeU p_hZU {hbL w |w = nw}= px}U


.Un_U dU .ow|eU R ned edU UnY gR ni}T nY Unx Y T
:Hx] mf < v
< pd v zaT R {[S U :cT [Q zgT
gc^=

ph_hJ ~}Q nfw {[S


= ph[_edU QHx ai R n hL nfw [

26

hA @Ux~hR {@ |i R }>
U U ~x}`T ni {@ R
fU ~x}Q n_]U U bhbA {[S Unfw cx U U A n_]U {wnZY
p@nA phdU ZU {[S Y {@ > cZ= |f> U
nT |U {U |i Y QHhU {A nY |w ~x}`U |w
U |i U U px phd> U phfxcU _hJ o= x

f_eU he\> U R ph[_eU Y e[L |U (< mv|< )


QHx
.ngUbi U ph>|U pe[_U

neY
gZU SY U _h]= |fx {S [_eU ni dL :n \x {x

n @

:Un_> US R QHx S R n@ nY {[S Y

eh Kzw
gcvmT X S fgT n
vzgS eK |Z= gT
md X T

Y @}hU >{b= B{x


Un_> dUn= rh`x QHx [:Hx]
.px}ZU >{S de>
pbx}]= {Ln[x cex |U Qn\U U
|w

.(= nw}=) px}U ph[_eUn= ew


nfY dL (U) aU j= :bTR mX

= nw}= U :f_eU |gU hdU yh[U }h_U :gcK | gQ


bi y[x
R beU R [x |U _aU [A f_Y {haU ng= gU

.({x nU bU U) bi yh[U = (bU U {x n@)


|i Qi [:Hx] mf< v
:Un_> UbU ni}x{b> UnUn= cx
n x{@
n =|i nghU
mv|< T ) n x{[S nghU |fx nT n x{[S

ned Y ni}T nY Unx yh[U = }h_U Y fx |w .(<


.()ow|eU
.(ng= w
Y pe[_U R () S dY @ ()
= qew)
27

T= ~K

c ^X T= ~K ow }h |w X oTad< w|YT bw v mX :
bX < cT zK X X PG|T ^<
Un_> e= :}w|T ygYT
px ~i Rpe L }eU

U|U U
pTneU px PfU dY R nT @ R T|eU

nL

.PfU dY R }nU @}U

Qn[U nY L {bU

:cT [Q zgT
gc^=

(< gQ e=mK d< m @|X) :U nS cY = bU nT PfU

L bi {S nhU eY R n@ neT ( z< < gQ e=m^w cT)


neT PfU pe[L Rnfx U dU eA \>}eU {hU

}_> U nx nhH Rnfx phY f= Y @ R qU~i ngi dL d e A


P

U ]fx phT~U ijI Y oJneU


nf}_>
{S . fU dL
28

=}U ~U R

(}bU A Y) ni}ha> R U dL {HU

()

. x}Z_U

}xnbU S dL ngU~i phincY ngU~i nx x}n_eU nY{bU Y p_hZU x}aeU Y }hcU nfw ()
G|\T :L kw _= neHj= penS hU hSB e[_= U ex Y PfU R
cXm^T Xm? < < (}bU ox}Q) }ha> R w|\T (YnU Y@) (nhU eY) x}ha> R
{_H) =nT R mI < zgT (nS{U ~fT) }ha> R zfYdT zdX |gdT (~h@U) }ha> R
|mT (h_U) nT R zgv|`T zd@ < gcT (}bU in_Y) }ha> R HmeT |`^? < (_U
gX X (i n=) =nT R cdT (}bU ox}Q) hU feU }haU R cK < zw zgfYT
dX (heU) (IncU) x}ha> R cXm^T oge_X ? zdX (p_hZU nhL) LHY R cXm^T
X phHnaUn= (}bU Y S) (}S >}=) }ha> R hmaTm\T
sgfY) }ha> R hmHmbT cT xQ
A) }ha> R H|R |S cK (a][eU }hH) =nT R eT |^X Hmv phHnaUn= (hSn[U
mbX phHnaUn= ({x{U) (xi) }ha> R ^w|H a= zdX phHnaUn= (}bU YnS) (rx{U
R oghmf` gX |Zh (eeU nhS pYnY) =nT R |mT JmS (Y) }ha> R |gYT
hmT |`^? (px}haU >}nY) R wzT ~dH zfX zdX phHnaUn= (nR}_U ~Y) nw}ha>
}bU pe@}>) R |G m (phHnadU }bU pe@}>) R YdR zfX wzT X (}bU hwnaY) R
.(}n[U) }hcU }ha> R |wT wzT ^w (phHnadU

[ :x{=n_U x U {L {hdU nhi pe[L R n_@}Y nT @]


29

aX

phmS :
z@ H
X m mfeg< mdgQ o[RmedT adT {v S
X @|\w mX cK mdK meT bdw fQ z^X
ow|bQ mvm= X e= mfh P
gbY= cK eX zd^=
T Q |w dX
RdT v mX ogfaQ owzmaK
w i<
odZ^T zga^< o`m\T me<
aT bX z@ m w zd^w mS T h gKzX
mfeg< mdgQ o[RmeX < z^X
mYX X m Q|P T Q ]@ zR mX < X

{v d< zT
cK h m dcK ..meT oXmK mX mbQ {f< |vmw @

|Yh w}`cT w|T X T{T m`G oXm^T QmdT ~TmdT Q mdT


^dT mZ= mG |mG ocdT o`gZT mbT Q
Y kU |w L U }gK {S Un_> e= :}w|T ygYT
.hU H U ngU dU pb=nU n=n@
gc^= :cT [Q zgT
gc^=

30

oKm`YT

(ogXm^T)
m dcK Zh
mX oKm`YT Q mR X oTad< bw mX :

mG cK c\e= c\e= w X oKm`YT qwzT e<


oac ^X qwzT Q

T og={T mT {v X zg`h eQ meT g< og= m@ mev

dX

YT {v gT m? h mKmQ H zeK m ^RX YT ^=

{v e^X T mX cT T oeTm< ..w zw


w |g_w
|KmYdT {f<
T kQ
TmX cT cA fcS cT cT X ={T e^dTm< oRK T z@ Q mX bT

d? z@ e< bw ph h {T A X cT T |R z@ e^X
{v T |R T |R {v a= gcK m `\K |S z@ [Q z@

fcS R [Q cK cT T oeTm< mX ..|S hm\K {v |S eXzA

X dT {v mdT X dT {v vm\K {T v cT ..^< X


Q mX .^` Yw X mw v cT bT c^T Q [`T X dT {v aT

oKm`YTm< mw mG f`hi< vzeK mX mgh .^g\< `Yw zaw z@


|= ph e^w = H mev ~gT oKm`YTm< mX Q mX mgT od

mw T ^`H geXjdT |gX mw cT zeK T `H cT G mw T `H a=

^`Yw zaw odImQ cT G geXjdT |gX bT xg odImQ


cT og= |meK X c\e= oKm`YT kQ
^`Yw mXzeK .cT f^` Yw T
31

T dK {v og< T x< {v {h T {h {v @ {v w|R {v


mgT mgh X d^h h mev mvZh h T mgH {v X zTX

a= |b< m^cT og< p< mh |gZw mX g^T = `Tm< ^I gR X

.. ~G mev dT {f< ecXm= z< e^w og< {v T


dgQ f^` Yw i< mgh |bw cT e^w [:nhi] [= d T ^` Yw

Azw zw|w mh |`_w zw|w cT e^w fT |`_w cK = |?


mdgQ mdf^` Yw i< mdfX|bw gT |bw gh |bw zw|w cTmQ oeT m hmh
.eK `^w X|bw

T mw mX cT e^w ? }K cT T cT mG gT od eT

^< cT X bh ogc<mR mhzeK mX cT nImh zah mX h h owmb@ o\G

cT X bh zah mX h h bT {v bw o`G`T gghmQ|^T oKmdT


mgh mG X mgT mgh o\G cT g< meeg< mev Q mX z<
=mdcS fT cdw acA g< cT g< mG v owzfcT mG v mdh
.. z< m@ Q mX ..{v feX zw|w mX ^|H

^` Yw .. px R pLnaZU Y }eU Un_> e= :}w|T ygYT


L neQ U
oAn Y od]x :w }wn^U nwnf_Y [= d T

L neQlR U
oAn {fL pY}T pY}A oUn]dU nT }[beU
}h[b>

.b_U b_U {fL A }Y {fL wn@ haZU pY}cU }[beU


}h[b>

{hU R y[x
R ni}T nY w px }wnK rhA n x }Y qhU pLnaZUnR
}wn^U |w L
peA}U eI Y n _inY }x b_U phdbi phdbL pfx}b=
J gai n_> gU n ex}c> Rpe nhi pLnaZ= n[_dU phgU
32

w T|eU px R n\>n= }eU edT L x{U }Zi R w}eL


w cT
< | Yw | `_
:Un_> UbU }ZedU a_U _x
R fx n\>
.kU R }T neT pfU B nbH n\>n= }eU hU [:nfU]
nghR pZSnfeU ex }hT qhU w pLnaI R nx}UnR :bfU nY

{hb_U B ngRB ph[U n? Y naeU p_hZU {hbL |w


.ngU dU p_hZU

|w px pLnaZU S fi cU }T :cT [Q zgT


gc^=
nhU nhi cY a Zx Un_> inH dU :R < .yh }hQ
}a`= nhU eL eU pLnaZUn= gY}chR peh^_U pU~feU gU _@ x|U
gLnaI pT}= U x >nhH
n J}I gLnaZU _@ Un_> dU
g@~Y B Y nhi{U w }x
neT gLnaI R T}x
R xY
_aZx = nw}hQ |fU neUn= ghU nfU }b>
B Y >|U
_aZx gR U R dU SY B Y
pLnaZU dU \> eU
d T zeK o Km`YT
[ :jH] ... T
`e
= :Un_> US pfx}b= U
X w :Un_> US

gR [ :J] ..d@
` e= {
|T
T X o Km`YT
.}a`eU U dU _@ |U dedU = }ZedU _aZx
:}ZL YnU ~U R ()(}bU A Y) }ha> R >}T nY |w

nhU nhi pceU gfY H hY}ceU dU nL Y h=}beU

gi{@ R d ex = w}LnZY R [ZU >|U }[f_U Zh_x


ng>} R T}hU
dU n SY R}_hR inex A}U }[f_U

.() S dY @ ()
33

pY}T pLnaZU ed_x nghU bd]fhU eA dU pY}T nY T{x


geA}x gU }a`x dU {x}x ehR g_a ZhR bdB _= ng= }cx dU {x}x
U|U >}a`Y eA Y }S hR gU cex |U SeU R gi
_aZx R hR g_aZx dU Y d]x ehR pLnaZU SY R}_x gR
R hU gi UH dU =nA x|U hR}feU hT}ZeU x}RncdU

pxj=
gwn> paJnL pxj= }_Zx gi peA}U nghR bx SY
[:nhi] [= d T ^` Yw .. :Un_> nS gfL phUkY
g YA X v
n SY Y ied_x nY B Y bdB Y \> Y
.[ :nhi] a ` YX
nB nx Y nbdeU p_hZU {hbL L dx |w {bL
.pax}ZU

34

ogewbT owT

| w w{T meT X mh) :Zh


mX aw X oTad< bw mX :
Z=

eh ogewbT owT
ogewbT owT zK cK gT |aT S

e^w mI bY<
bcX mX m gH |X X cdw PeT
zSjw |aT

{f< |Zw
zw|w cT
bcdw mgh
..|ZgQ

Xzaw

bdw mbT ogewbT owT bcdw mgh mS T meT @|aw mdgQ H


gw
me=m@|R bT

mgh K |A mbX
Q mR
fQ bT cK owT mX :Rod

ogaTmT owT cdw {T v z@ cT


v X fhiH X pgT
mdgG
!!iH acA X z@ ~gT c S bT m]h cK ogc^`T
Q @ !!f^RX X RX Q ogewbT owT Gmdw T mgh meQ|K
}^dT zk< mT
fT
X Q ow}g^T mwzT of?X

`h K |[T Q Q @ mf@m mfcd^w ow e^X mdQ mev mev


..m\A X `h owmd@
oadT o`m\T mdc X X Qw T
v

ne= UU ai phfxcU pxUn= }eU Un_> e= :}w|T ygYT


bH i dL Un_> dU l= xcU Y R pR}[Y
necU Y U

35


:pTneU px }wnK w |w
=dT
| <
k<
d S
| <
@

nehdH fU nhB}= = nU L Un_> US [:}eL ] ..cT


mh :Q
qi hx lR [:efU] ..Q |I gT
w R < g=
z=|
nY
{bU Un_> dU Y fxcU {_= U fU afU _aU
cT mH
mX | m ^ ` h ` e T c X R :Un_> UbT phRnfU nx

R bH ai ng= [beUnR [:}L]


n]_eU pxU ai }[U

.Un_> dU S Y

p =nH nhfxcU R R}[x


}bx }S cU
RnhU neT

aU nghR }[U
dU pecA nI U eU [B R nei ghdL

.xcU x}ZU yUn[Y

nghR hcZdU nY U pU {nb_U Y phfxcU pxUnR pdeUn=


nx R }= {eU {fL
nB rxnA R Rpe nU eU

.hU H U ngU dU
pU{U o= phfxcU pxU R nfx

:cT [Q zgT
gc^=

~@n_eU Y oh`U dL Y peU


nhiU {bU ]_x dU w phi}bU

x U gYnY g>i R i@nx nY nY}cU


lR U Y }T g]_

QhL px
eT }= >eU nhA {S n]L dU dL {>
hU nfw hU g>h= R i}B{x
ne= nfdU oh`U nB }=
ngi neT }B cU Y }h={> R U }hQ n]L i dL
i dL {>

|w lR dU l= cU Y R = }[x
|U afU necU n]L

U rhA Y n fceY }Y nT
hU U nx U n? R cU
36

n]L rhA ncU Y n edL {fL j= Un_> dU }T eU pfUn= cU |T

.}T hU TeU R p@nU h\b> nY {be= {bU dU

Y nfhdL dU [S
nY R Un_> dU nT R gR :U dL nfdhU nY
h T T mR :U hT}ZeU S dL PH}U @
meT | ` = @ T Xj

X
peS v
:PnS rhA nx }B U [:}H] m Ke w
= c>nA}beU ohH fi gU bx U gR [ :}H] G |Y<

{S U qhU }Z= fi hdL U {S nY f Y d]> ci US naY nT


ahK ahK Y hU U neT ph_h]U phAnfU Y }ZU {S R

.cU }hh`> =
pUnH hd> w

w hdL Y{ S x|U pceU j= d_x U Qhw}= dU i neT


m?..
{ge@ ^<
:Un_> dU }T neT _R U|U }Z= gf K = pcY

f < G
w] ..m K f < m
|U Qn JU nfx U|T [:w]

:YbU nS [
U [w] zwzH S T R b < T
T mR
.gU jeJnR ga[= pceU }B
L}R U QHY fU
H Un_> inH dU {i |cw
n i hdL gU n inU fY y[R i Qnw _Y H}x fY odJ
m R :L}R U Lnw HY dU H neU .= dbx nx
R * _\ w me g c K | ` w m
h me h me <
d G md b ^ X eh mQ m = m
R yUn[U {_U Y QHY p[S L hwni [- :J]
ngdhna> T
U
{_= gR .yUn[U {_U h= fh= }hH ne= QHY pR}_Y {L {Tk>

Un_> dU ngfY pbd]Y = bU Y x}cU }bU Y{S


nY fx U
!cU dL pxU pHneeU Rpe nhiU
37


..cT mH mX |
m ^`h `e T cX R :R Un_> US ?
.bH ai R phd_aU ai R }wnK [ :}L]
X |bG
eX
n g _T cK
:Un_> US |T

S T..

pe
mX | gT
U dU dL {U

[ :}L] ..T
phd_aU {bU PH}U _x
.U ai L R{x }hU Y }cx ng= h]x U

R R :Un_> US |T
n g _T c K c T } A z e K b T
R
U dex P i R }wnK ngi rhA [:n_i] .. c X h b T
.(c X h) US nd= nehH d T
p^AY Y |w p U {fH pah_ gR U R U nB nY

w dU kU .px|haf> p]dH = n h_x}Z>


n [fY qhU phfxcU pxU

x phd_R
|U w xcU U
R n[bi n hd_R
}h={> }Y }={x

|haf> ghU dU T {bR pceU nY U R {A U nx }h={> R


.cdU nhU hU {fL aKeU gR }={x
nY
pxfU
{bU dL phfxcU pxU yd][Y J lR |gU
phYnY

cU R px i JnB J
.Un_> dU


38

zaT m[aT

zaT m[aT owZX


|w d< oadT o`m\T v mX :

: zg`dT ygYT cK Q aw Kmd? RT hbT


RTm<

gTmbT Q cT X mZT veT |Xm< Z= zaT m[aT oTiX

z? mdgQ hmh
hbT
RT oTid< ocZ X v < mK m^Qi< oac ^dT

Z=
c^Q cT
cK mfgQ Zw mhT bdw T o?zTm< ^gI zR
.wmP G cT e^X Q c S T oeXmbT mGT x cgZ`=

v mh zR m[R mev ~gT :Zh


md< m X |A X Q mR
ogGmgG mgd@ mev ogwm= ogd@ mev bT zR m[R eZw {T
T e^dQ =mgd@
K mh z=
mXzeK h owmZR mgd@ mev

K T}^= h
aw hkQ zaT m[aT K cT >zw
mXzeK bT .S|@ S
RT |X i<
ah h :aw T ..zR m[R eZ= h :T
S|=
pKm\G |A ^e H v RT |X zaT m[aT v
..oeg^X
|J
ogKX

nT nY ( :heS dL {bU n\bU Un_> e= :}w|T ygYT


Y y=}U nUnT {_U nhB dL n bd _Y
ni phZeU @ |gR
39


nY ( .e_U U R {_U SU n H hU {_U nhB L LS= dU d L
hU n@ }baU f`UnT eA n\S |gR {_U phZY dL d _Y }hQ nT
megZ
w T R :Un_> US i x}cU }bU }wnK w |w {_U {h=
Q meT}h
[:{bU] za T ocgT
mh :Un_> US [:p=U] meT cT n S mX
n@ }x{b> }x{bU pdhU nx}U R neT {bU pdhd= [beU
.dU ngU dU nwi
|w yh {bU n\bU L cx{A :cT [Q zgT
gc^=
pxnhB c> {S {S dU n\S e> U U nH = bi nY
mX |g_
w @ a < mX | g_
w cT .. :Un_> US R neT ni l=
<
~U n@ R neT pxnhB }hQ c> {S [ :{L}U] ..f `hi
nfU o= phicU }w^U B Y niU p?nU Y ..hT}U
.x}B



40

owmdT
gaT

mYT v mX :

:|w dgQ c bT dT cK zadT


mh og^R X c\e= gacT z@ mev
< oac\X pgT owmdT gaT
mdS og^w|Y=
meG K zw
z^< Q og^g\T =m?m@ Q

{v cK :aw mfgQ zZT oX|@ dT ^< Q {bT ? oTiX Q


:gT
aw {fT ogRA
odgaT ogh

mw Q @ odgaT mG
..A zR mK X mX
pY}T phL}ZU ncA {hhb> Un_> e= :}w|T ygYT
Y |cU
nY) :hhU b= U = }Y
n >? i } {_=
nL Y
pU{U n? Un_U pUnbeU |w R hhU }^i (B {S
nY
}Y Y d]Y nY U nbY R L}ZU cUnR U nbeU
.n >? nfH h[U hR b_x }Y Y h

{[U A |cU ybT i ng\_R phSB phfx{U hbU nY


.dU
ngU dU {_U A d^U ybT d]Y ng\_=

41

:hhhU b= ngZH Y [beU :cT [Q zgT


gc^=
nL Y nY)

cZ=
|cU pY}A dL pU {U pU :w (B {S
ne= p[[Y
YkeU nbi nbY R nbY R @ dL
nL

phfU cR U nbY dL }aY


n? nbY _h]U Y ..}hQ
h[dU f_Y }Y Y {hhbU J i dL _Y i hR
.hdL w neL
UnA dx SU n >? nfH



42

|ZT

}X |X |ZT
aw dgQ w|bT mYT v mX

K qwzT |aT Q |w cQ mX H K |^=


:agQ
odcbT
|ZT
mh bcw {T rfedT K |^w
{T T w|\Tm<

Q oR zT K qwzT bw T{< mgT Q |w|YT |gT


=mwmP T

A
oXmaG A g< }ggdT Q oR zT K owmeS |A Q |ZT |wZ=
ogegK
m dcK ..|h
gY= mX Q |gS QZ^dT qwz@

|ZT
..d=

}[Un= nbL deU dL o@U Un_> e= :}w|T ygYT


ne@ SU R hdL w nY dL }BU p_@}U Y Y nw}hQ ~heU

.hR ox A
ngi

gR ~Y
[fU _= }wnK = dL }h`= S
}Y

}[U j= bU nY
.Un_U dU n hfhL
}Y }[U T

43

S ~Y }Y
}h`=
}[U j= bU hU :cT [Q zgT
gc^=
nL h_= |B Y phi}bU nx Y naH Y Ini w = dL
|U b=n]eU fU dL n_H i dL }> U nx}U Y pinbeU
.bhbU f_eU hR dx



44

O|v}T h

:
cA zR OodImQ h S Q T mw|Tm< vz@ bH
zeT zYT
m dcK T{< bw mX mdT cT cw R

Q|gZT |wzG ow Q T |h mdS mK | X mw|T ^< |w


. hm^dT h m< mA hm^X Q zZT ygYT mv|S{w T

}_eU ngfY [fU _= R Un_> e= :}w|T ygYT


gAnIj= x@Y inT O}w~U gfY hY[_eU U PfU
Q dB S pxfU
w neT dB L }BjY
pxneU gbd B

.Un_U dU y
p=
q? (i rx{A) inei i :cT [Q zgT
gc^=
phL}I
ned_U _= }x neT px{_>

pbx}]= p=n? qinT ph
U

phU
|gU cx {=
p=n? ngij= {AU }U phA
R
|fhA {_Un=

pd[ eU nxn\bU h[> Y |w }^fU pg@ R {=


R hdL L}I }?

.nghdL {_>
}? o> }> {_U nfeJ ]bUn= ngdhna> {nb_Un=
45

Y ? n\bY lR b_U nf= phU


? R nfx dL nf= cU

.n Li = ?eU }Un= phL}ZU }hQ phL}ZU



46

OodImQ ZX

o=mS o`T jX phmS) :O|v}T i<


aw X oTad< bw mX :

|w ZdT odcS :aw m > ..odImQ ZX T eX mH Q (G Q


G X ^d= mX gQ nb= phmS .. X e^w X m `T jX bw mX mfeX
?X ~gT mbT {v xmZh KX mwm X ogK|H mb@ X PcT
mw|T X zwz^T
m dcK ..RpgT v od zeK ?X mS < mhzeK

mX X X ZdT
T |gY= m?zT |mZ< QmbT Q |^dT
..O|v}T X w mS c X S X QgeXjdT |gX
R nY OpeJnR [e= }eU Un_> e= :}w|T ygYT
O}w~U dL ~fx nT pceU Y n cd Y ) RncU R }_eU nx}U
ocx QdL nT Y Y cx ne= ng? {x nghd x ngh= nR {_=
w
> neT n i}S hU gR OpeJnR [Y oT nY eR
rx{U U
eZY n =nT
R p=}Q [fdU UnY wU
|w lR ncA dL

pf= x}Y q?{A


pceU }bU }T {bR O}w~U Y pceU rx{A
f I
\
m`
[:}eL ] ..|
cT w |X mw o bdT
pT mR :}eL
[fU R neT }eL pf= x}Y dL }w~U phd\R
d_eU Y

47

heUn_U ni {hH OpeJnR ngeUnL ni {hH x}Y Y }_eU


.dU
ngU dU

[e= pbd _eU nx}U R B nfw :cT [Q zgT


gc^=
.OpeJnR

[Y R }^i neU
ow mefQ
i QdU {L = L :mdK < md@
Phi S neU Un_> dU ) :nS peJnR [Y nY :nS OpeJnR

ed_x nY ~U Y >nR {_= peJnR dL B


nghU HjR @ ~L dU
ngeQ
:ngU nbR QhfYkeU }hY U U qcZR ng?{x

d x n cd Y

}hY _@ U edLjR .U US [U q_eH U|= qA

ocx QhfYkeU
:nS ? :nS n a[Y U Y q? A eH nY T
.(cx nY dL hR cU }U U Y I hR hU i nY

ng?{x
n@ i d eU
R }aeU :aTm< dT Q oYRmedT bdw
QhfYkeU }hY U U cZ> hcR }U nghdL B{hU ngeQ
d x
QnY fY }wn^U neT U Y pbxn\Y qinT ngi dL {x
neY

.x d eU
neH qinT pUjeU = d_x nT

ngh= dL nw~L hR ngh>jx h}@ nT ..) :zgK < ow Q


ngx
R nw{_= cx ne= nw}x incY ngh= L nw}x ngai oh]x

()
. (peJnR [Y |gR ..U ocx QdL
nT

n[B R }wnK f cU h}@ w d eU


U cx Y inY
Y L L {>
}B px}U nefh= ..bR ngx

R cx ne= d_U
nY w pnY x}ZL ne? pfH R pSni~U gK L {>
ngi A U

. n= px nU ()
48

.OpeJnR [Y R QnY }S

:nghR n@ Qn[U nY L :^T < < gT ow mev


nfhU nfU nx nY hR n i}S hR L nY OpeJnR [Y ..)
{dU = {dU rd? {dU [i {dU hR A {A U ni
.()({U
.}U U dL eZx [eU px}U |w Y }wn^U

{eY U [feU }a_@ = oT :mR h d^T ng@ qwz@ Q zR


nT~U R eU L pfx{eU w jx pfx{eU dL dYnL nT {UnB =
PdU H {gL dL |w cx U p_H n hT hneU Y
Q{eY = }a_@ U = dU {L jx ehR jx }Y
= dU {L U r_R |w dL nfdS nT Y nfT :UnbR pfx{eU w jR nS
aeU nS neT :nbR U = dU {L jR Q{eY = }a_@ U
T R _@ PdU H :nbR dU {L n= nx b> nY :nbR pfx{eU w Y
pH dL qinT {S p_H nT U qA lR phS phS h_=
{L hdL SjR .nS neT ni{@R nfR :ohA nS i peB w{U qinT
OpeJnR Y nT R }S nS |w |B x Y :nbR U = dU
HjR .OpeJnR nc= U
r_= :{UnB = {eY hU r_R }[i ? :nS
:ohA nS {fL i }B U >}S i >}B nei i :QdU {L = hU
.S |w Y qx nY :U bx {UnB = {eY bx _R
dL eZx peJnR [Y w peJnR nT rx{U |w }wnK
.}U U

. n= px : . ()
49

QdU {L = L {UnB = nehdH L :QmbT Q |A ow mev

ph hR lR OpeJnR [Y @}hU
:}B rx{A R nS i
.OpeJnR

i b> hx nfw {i |cw


d eU
neL
?{x
QdL =
}B nx}U cU O}w~dU
dL pdeZeU w U dL {>
.ngfh= yh@}U Y {=R
peJnR ph
}U U

aA = ~x~_U {L = }e_= pah_ gR mdK < md@


ow mX
hU }hTnfeU }x @ :nI = \aU bx A~= }_eU
L n`=
.d Y }[Y =}L :pU L d Y h@
.? x U fx{eU i }wn^U zgK < ow mX

e_U ohU px nY ph ^T < < gT ow bT


}U phA
R ninfY cU }wn^U dL nah_ negR {UnB = nehdH

U L{x nY @ {L ?U R acx n Li = ?eU }U phA


w

.hR |cU

OpeJnR U ncU pi lR |w dL
pAn ngi dL {x
L Rpe Y nY R QdL U ncU pi neT ncU
.QdL An fY nx dL nT

neT H R paUkY ngi bU Y inY i :T oA


nge[L phA}U nge^L U pRnn= H R UkY Qn hdL
j]U Y pY[_eU ng>nhA heUn_U ni {hH ngij= }hg]U pxv= p=nU
.U {Tk> ph[_eU
50

O|v}T mXJ

T qwm@ X |gS X Km`= mh :aw X oTad< bw mX :


mXzeK ..T T mX mff? cK mv<| mf^c |S aT i<
a=
mfacI T ()
c^T X |v}T c |S eh gS : G
odcS
X geT |A |`h
gS T T mw p\K od?mfdT
.m ebdX bw zR bT |^X zghmG n< m => pw T {v
:pcR :m?
omI og^gI oTm< bw zaQ geT aG mX
nY ngn[Y L b i nY p
ngYK ? R acx :}w|T ygYT

hU ngfR{= ngh
L b i neU n Rn\Y phYd^edU ngK
nw}S naB nghdL }@

{UY n= () R neT ngfR nA ( RncU) R nedcU Y QdL

dL Y }Rn\= f= fH) :nS QpU


nT Y O}w~U

{> U nw{[= sd_Y hdQ


Y cR nU nw}H kU ngaAjR nge\w
hH = U
h_R) :QnS (heTnU }hB w dU cx bH

fY dx U {g_U {Lnx U ng? fe> ngbA \g> }H


f= R{> dU

L }_Y
{f= ai nU Y () (cZeU dU H nx dU U }T|U
nghYd^Y
R }wnK w {hgI pbx{
OpeJnR ) :nS QKncU

51

pYnY L (S n= nU) R nY n \x {xkx


ng>ngI
}]dU
nw~cU Y |afS ng>nR oH nT) :Qn[U L }_Y {f=

.dU
ngU dU (n fY q]bHjR }Yj=
hU _f=

o[Q R O}w~U phYd^Y }cfi nfi :cT [Q zgT


gc^=

ncI nfU cU pRU QdL o[Q ngh= dL gU R {R

(}_Y {f=)
fL q> pYnY L e>}T nY Y _= dL {L

ni{hH {fL ni{fL ? x U |U nfH = {eY w }U }_Y hU

nT R dU eA {haeU zhZU neT (}H {S)


U {hU nH
nI
{U q]bH i p_hZU _= bfx :bhR (Y) @ R cZx
cx p_hZU Y pan]U |w S d_R .n fY eA w PdU H neH

. {U x}ZL phine? QdL

n]`U InT hA {eY zhZU neT


p}> pg@ Y U R cZx
neT b L
ni dL nL nT }_U {fL }eU } cU }eL
n RB id_ax U|U nfU {fL nL
}cfY }Y

gR pQU sgi R n@

.n]`U InT bx neT n_U Y

pUjeU
pbd _eU Y _= R phxnU nx}U pg@ Y B Y

.edU {bfU hdUn=

afU dL hU {fL hU hU U nx nci U }ci U fi

ngfL U Y {=
ngaH nYL {U
f_e= (Lna> ) :qdS f cU

.phedL pbx}]=

52

nfU h= }Zi {SnU d `H n nB


n x{A nT = eU }? U
()
.nghUkY
dex
x|U gR O}w~U }T|U nH hR nT lR



.O}w~U A () S dY @ ()
53

w|=

w Q c`w hmS |^T Q mh od>


:aw d< bw mX :
Q mh xZw mXzeK QgT cK }@ iQ
|dT |Y< HmK
md@ ? X |dT X |Hm^T ocgT |dT |Yw ^T mS zaT o<gP
R }_U R S }hQ }Y |w Un_> e= :}w|T ygYT
}B {d=
pYnhbU x dnS dL =nA bfU |w {gL RqhU w n> Y p_hZdU
.dU ngU dU
R}A
gc^=
|U YT R p_hZU {[S U :cT [Q zgT

w Y p_hZU }hQ Y }_U neI R nfU _= {[S


= R}eU

i pYnhbU x =
|w nA lR |w dL .pdJnU }aU
dL }eU

gU U|= Ybx U p_hZU (qU }fY) Y inU {_U R }T


.}_U R QhU ph\S {hd> R }hcU }?

54

ogegT |m^YT

n?G egT m^YT Q w|YT b<me? v mX :


zwzYT mbT ge^T \c T oTm@ Q mdS ~`eTm< |
n i~A {x{I n ahfL nT ncU ]dU Un_> e= :}w|T ygYT
qU |U ~U fL q> UB{U peU
}n_ZU Y QhU dL

H nY U nhA _= U in@ dL }_eU [fU


pY}A dL hU {[U
dL pxnfU {U
[x U nY {Un= } T
.Un_U dU ngU n edK { _ x rh= afU


55

zwzYT \cT

jw m `geK mS QgT cK \cT


:R ^< Q :

:? z^T
|X
fQ zwzYT T zZT mX

og^R Z< QgT og[R |I _ew m wm[@ m <cG ~gT h

.owm[@

.Pg< v G|T K |w T h


X [^T \R obcfT T jw T |@ zTm< | S

z Q |X z@ md@ X mT fcT `h |^w


{TmQ zT
oTmadT {v Q bw v mX m X|X
nb= zR bw

hU dL n i~A {x{ZU Y nT ]dU Un_> e= :}w|T ygYT


[fU qU |U ~U fL q> UB{U peU
}n_ZU Y Q

{[U H nY U nhA _= U in@ dL }_eU


pY}A dL hU
rh= afU dL pxnfU {U
[x U nY {Un= } T
pAn= pY}dU n JnfY hU pxn\A ~_U pbx}J T neT n edK {_
x
.Un_U dU {H nbY R U pehS
56

n xn\A n =dH nhU ncU ]dU S U :cT [Q zgT


gc^=
qfT }haU {x}@ R n@ neT ghdL }U nbY R x}B L dbi nei
ncU QhU ph\S R paJn_U n? ohUnH nb= } dL {T
pbx}J ~_U nH }x]> } dL {T neT ~U L }_eU
]dU

R QhU ph\S zhH}> @ Y }[_U ohUnH Y oHnfx ne= }bU


.d T Un_U R nfU {@

n[i zhZU gY{bY


R ngbaU Y gZedU ReU fa`T mew
HU } }h]U @ {_= nfhR U|U afUn= } pY}A :w
.{[U nY o@x |U ]dU

cU pxn\A qhU Y |w w pY}Un= cU R nH cx U


q@ ngi (}H
U {hU ninH nS neT nbx cex
{S)
ngij= :nS neT }> ngilR nfU {fL px}dU p@Y qinT j= ow|edU n cw
}Y }n_ZU Y I nL pUjY U dL hU i }n_ZU Y qhU
hU Y hR {=
.L}I
ahS>



57

O|v}T mb<

O|v}T

}@ K qwzT ^<
:o^gYT ^< |S

mbT mfeT gcT Q mfT _H O|v}T


Q gR |gP
Z=

mfdfQ X mfmb< X oewzdT v rK}ew @ b= O|v}T

Z=

Q zga`T mS T @ o<c\dT ogXG gaT X |ZT


zR cT m[aT
..PcT G X
o^gYT zeK p<m> |X
v
Qwz<m^T w O|v}T mb< |S

X zfT Z^dT mfGmdw o`gJ mS m [X m g`ImK mb<


mS v
zR cT m[aT gcT X Qmew fQ m g`ImK hS |Q cK zv
P`\ZdT v zga`T S X m ZA

hU O}w~U nc= }eU hU :}w|T ygYT


n_hH ngi

neT .}B qS=


n[B {L L pxnfT w = pax}ZU ng>nS neU ncU
{fL }[U {S dU n\bU hdU Rnfx pbaZU peA}dU ngK ncU
nfhL q\h=
A Hx {U }R dL Qb_x fU c= {bR ph[eU
58

.n Y[_Y n hi
iT Y }bU R }T neT ~U Y

ngh= }aU n hi{@


}Y nT neT ngh= dL O}w~U nc=

nghYd^eU
ngK nT {bR Pa][eU
dL n ghf> Qngd_= phYd^Y

bi Y hedeU dL n i~A pRU R QhfYkeU }hY A


o[Q
c a h R
X kQ :pTneU px >}T neT g=nbL dL gfY pde@
m
ph=}> R PH}U n_> qw rh= [:}eL ] .. b <maK cK
.{H
hedeU

.dU
ngK
i dU }n_I Y QhU dL ncU neT

:w YT Y [beU :cT [Q zgT


gc^=
Y }[U n@ dL e> ngi ncU R ngfU hdU R ngS }`> U
}[U R nf>{S RqhU w O}w~UnR dU {fL hR}U ngYnbY B
HjU
f_Y w |w .neU |w R gd T nfU {S PdU H nT neT
odbU pS R n eh^L nT nehH
n[eU dL ~dU _@ dUnR g=
R pU`ZY O}w~U qinT ..ngU [Y
peh^L p@ hdL }[dU

ng ]B ngT}>
ngS T
}wn^Y Y pRU R QdL A L nR{Un=
rx{U y
{eU R

.gUn@ n[i x}@ngeU ni Y ngYT


neT n[i x}@ngeU (e@ ) h= dL ng= ]x nT Qn hdL j=

|w hb> i Yx
}>
qinT ngi f_x |gR nx}U _= R n@
cZ=
.}hcU {gU

O}w~U

{U dL PdU H c= {bR n hYH ncU phL}ZY


}cfi nfi

Zx nY ~U Y pUnA
U ncU x
}cfi cU Qhw}=

59


pfx{eU w) :nwnaY UneU R d> U [U o= ~U
nwn= c> nY)
:U UnS QdL
U }Y cI gi (ngnc= }T Y
hU
.n_U SU R O}w~U pince= hd> [U |w (.. ngi

dL n ghf> ngd_= phYd^Y


nghYd^eU
ngK c> qinT ngi] :bTR mX

pde@ bi {_= hedeU dL n i~A pRU R QhfYkeU }hY A

:gcK |
gQ [...g=nbL dL gfY

R {eU R ng]B R bx = ncUn= bx U ngK :


}eL }c= = Y ngx{A R hedeU nedeU Y px}[U ngxnA
neg[Q n T{R neg[Q B Y neghdL ng\Q L neg_Y q?{>
x|dU
.pRdU
}T n? qR{gH ngnc= L ngYT R U rxnA :m ghm>
.}B n hI }> U PdU H

ngK h= dL QhU = dL nc= nY


yh gR hYd^eU

R QhU }T|x U|= {x


nT QnY
nfU nY hYd^Y

cU
.phY f= dL dU g_R{x p_SU }T|x

{hU gY{bY
R }[U n]_U R peS
RqhU w }i nfi
gR ngnc= pbx}J R A }[U R {bU e> qinT U O}w~U
.Un_> inH dU U hTnZU hhUnH}U
x}=n[U nc= c>



60

<|S ogZX

meT g< <|S ogZX m> K h :mw|ZT ^< Q :

m <cG ~gT T kQ
geK bY<
(ogmb< I oTm@) bw qg< Gmd@

\aU pd=nbY R cU |w }Zi] ..oTmadT {v Q bw v mX ..m gXG


m wm[@

[/ / }haU {x}@ R dU

Y Y }heU nc= {x{ZU ncU Un_> e=

:}w|T ygYT

Y n= nHU aR }hcU [fU ngin@ dL qU U peU

ow = pxn_Y ph ngfY U nH R }hT nx ~eU =

hU d^eU {@ }S L qi x : zhZU nS i Qn[U L

nS .}T h> i :nS U inh> hT :QnS .fY ox}bU


i :nS

:nS ? = Un_> dU od]x


B nY }cY ncU ~U T
:Q
.Un_U dU QhU bU ncU ~U

nfU h= =}T ph[Y n? L i S U :cT [Q zgT


gc^=

= (phnc= J pUnA) R nfai \i |U cZUn= HneA


hfL cZ=

61


hedeU }hQ hedeU Y nfw|Y }hQ Y x}B L U qdbi

.}haU {x}@ R n@ neT hdL

U }cfi nfi =nH {x{ZU ncU L rx{dU p@nA R U|U


.hU L{i =
{=
hU L{x |U rx{U fY caSY R caUnB ilR ~U nY
~> |U ZU nd= > R yhS }Y
~UnR dw U edL Y
hH dL nT ne= ai ni R pfA }hQ pa i nd= = hdL
.p`UneU



62

QgT og[R mZX

v QgT og[R Q mZdT >


mdcbT ^< Q :
bw v mdQ mI < zgcT `\T cR Q fcT mS Q m? mX
T Q
ne@ i dL =}T A ? Un_> e= :}w|T ygYT
hna> nY RqhU w L U }_eU nAn= }>Un= nA
nY }= nfned_U ~eU oT RncU ngfY {_Y
oT Y od]R U
bU ~heU p_nU zxnU oT }nT gR fY = nT gdU nT
.Un_U dU }U
(}haU) R ZfeU nbeU R }T {bU :cT [Q zgT
gc^=
negi }T U (a]U dS R gdU) (}]U) n[eU ? Y
R }T| > U hna> j= cUS nY .p_SU }T R {hAU n=ncU
p_S hna> R B{x U (RncU) dbU gH Y i {bLjR (RncU)
.(~eU) oT (RncU) @}hdR
(~eU) ocU pfUn= }Y U|T InL
63

64

owzmaK

cT [Q g@ zdX zgT ?|dT oX^T o@mdT

65

66

odZ^T

odZ^T X Q fYdcT m `TmX m w bT


mG ^< Q |w :

dT {v @ bw meT = bT fQ

R gi [>
i = pe[_U R dH
U hU fi SU :

.}B {eL |U sgfeU Y pS pYH }T pe[_U dL {H


nfU pb? {bax [_eU }hQ pe[_U dL nY{bU pU Y Ai fR

U nY fU
hU _ex hdL dbx R =
`dx neY
Y > nfU nfU S A c> pe[_UnR .hY[_Y
nicx

fU hY[_Y }hQ nhi H dU dR = > Y > = >


fU }? lR UnUn= g= > nfU lR hY[_Y }hQ pe dU Y } Yj= hL

.{bR {S cx pYnY }?
nfi
|w R cx nei b_U {bfU nY d> pUjeU |w [i

h_x
i n hi
dU H}x f_Y i hdU pUnA R pe[_U Y n>
neAn= UU c= ngb? {bR nfU UH L dU L `dx n YnY

lR U U nY a`x _Y L cU }x
gx fx i

pUnH}U {ba> U|= Un_> inH dU {fL Y w Ubx nY j= > nfU


.px{gU phdeL R nex phdeL R f_Y
ngU _x R nfU ai R ngSn?
67

nY fU nf}R U neT oinU |w }hQ R pe[_U U pfUn= nY


lR .> R gx pxn_U nhI _= fx i ph>nhA Y R ]x
}i nfi = neU |w R gU nhfU j]U nfYn= cx b_U
(ghdL dU ) hI = {[U zhZU w p_hZU ngbR _=
_= }i pe
nYL Y pYL }x
L gU ai w d`U

hdL dU peA U {hU gfY nfnedL


feeU Y hU ij= {x

R gx w bR feeU cU hdU SY }hQ R nY fU gx


.dhU
nxn\bU R n Y[_Y cx }\= cx b_U lR |w dL
j]B nfw j]B }eU = nfU pb? {bax nY fU neT }B
e>
R pYnbH B
nfw
U phHnH pxhU nxn\bUn= [ x neY
nfU @nU SU R Ai i U U nY H nex
|fR phLne@
phfx{U
pUjeU phHnhU
pUjeU R x}hc= >}>

SeU }hQ R ]x nfU kw j= nginex Y n_U R cZ=


nI
gi_x U SeU R A j]U {e_x
gi hR gi_x |U
.ghR ngb? {ba> nfU lR RnZT nA R j]U L _@}x rh= nghR
n hdbL n HnH cx yd[x {H R sgfeU |w nfdS nfilR U|U

rh= YnI cZ=


pe[_U L {i
ni nehH pe[_Un= bUn=

.hdU }hQ hdU eZ>

px}caU phAnfU Y pUneU |w {[> T {i nfUnA nfilR nfw Y


lR fU
pUnH}U bfx ({x}U LnH) pegY
qhU fU

p_hJ {i
v
|w {fL egY

:Un_> US R }bi i = {U
gf> nfdU ng`d hU
Q q ^ < { T
G g
m
g X
b T f d c ^ w f gS } w =mw f g c K c w f e X
68

X ` T R X hmS o d b T
mf w mw :}bi i [ :p_eU] g
* |w{ h |Y X zvm
H m
e c G mh e T
|g eX m?
| G h k< c T T mg K

dL {wnZU ex }x|i } ZY iT U pRnn= gR ..[- :~A]


\x i {[beU d_eU Y nfdU \x |U }U ex neT nfU
hbx Un=
nfU h= cx fU SY nT |cw U
nfdU

_SY B Y U }x |U ni _h]U Y U
nH dL nhU

JnU Y I dbL R cx cex U


nH dL Un_U }h`

x
n@ |U ni JnU Y I T}A R JnU Y I dS R
HnA R ped^U Y I
dbL R cx cex }hfeU }U chU

R }Zx i w fU
T}A R

pUjY _x |U }Y ped^U Y I
|U ncU _@ dU nehH
nfU nhA nfU dS R nfU bL
oin@ U JnfU }bU gR ncdU {h> fU }L i PfU dex
.qYn[U }bU
Un_U }h`>
ngU }x U pegeU w fU {U nfegR j= {b_i nfi
Y I hR cx d T n b A fU cx }ax U
nH dL

mv oT}ed< e X ph
cK
mw i Y fdU {Y w pYnY ped^U
nA w nY nT neU
U|U z^< h
h GX X
{Y dL e_x |U ni p_x}ZU
dL nfU nhA R fU B
cx {=R
SU pT}A R bU e_U R }caU R U
~hT}> nH

.neU |w R PfU w neT n Yne> n Y[_Y

}hQ hdU oi@ pe[_U phUeI pUjY nY nw}hi |A o\ah mev


fx |U ninR ni S R n @ h_> ph[ZU hdU
R Un=
d]fx |U ni }B neU R fx hdU pUjY R

69

cx U i }B oiU R Un=
d]fx U {=

hdU R x}ZU
U|T
.h[I
R n hHnH U
nT

|g= c> nefhA pe[_U w pe[_U pUjY R mvmh|> o\ah mev

=}> B Y hU ni cdex cex |U n_U }hQ cZU


{=
n LnfY U hdL fex rh= pnU
= }fx ]x n hLS

nfw cx
L fex rh= nY |w fU
|w ai dL dU Y hR

dH
cZ=
}B fL {x
ne=

nY |w fY JnU { }i

nw| x U phdU |w Snfi ni nff cU px}Un= Ax i nLn=

:phedL phLY pbx}]= nfU _=

R{f> nY{fL i kw }= U ]> {S pe[_U pheA pUjY :


> nH d_R U R {g@ |> U qijR e[_= }hU eL U
.U ]> pe[_U pheA kw bx |gU ..U

Yn_U YkeU ni }x cU nedL U dL ngh nff cU

|U dbL dU dY deL deL B Y U x


nUn[Un=

hH R ngY{H U ng= dU {L U n\L dU dB = {w = }cR


ni pT}A R dU L {h_= ini
hI nfw hdR dU dY w e_U

U x
i UnS U|U dU T}A }cR de_R U hdL hU

B Y gdeL dL U gU _@ nL dL \a>
dUnR .\aUn=

.U wnhB

\a>
Y fY
U {_U _hR pUjeU dU }[x ineU neR :ah
yUn[eU na]n= d _> nH ni nhBn= de_U {gUn= ]=
hY hU }Y
.
pUnH}Un= d _>
i phgU

70

ni [L dU x}B Y eU |w nY kH nx ne= :m ghm>


\R }B nfU cx ne= nfU phb= dL d\R w neR pheA pbx}]=
ge[_x U e[L {S dU nfU dL [_edU \R [_eU Y
.e[L R nfU dL U \R R

|U w dU \aU ]_x |U w dU dU Y \aU :ah meh


H pceU Y
H nfU R a][x |U w dU pehbU ]_x

cx {=
R nB e[L na] {S dU [_eU niU pehbUnR
kw a] neU pecU w nY nY .pecUn= U na] dU nhB
nfw c> {=
[:nhi] T i w v ^ ` w md K i w :bi w}hQ
nfU R }Zx i cx nY pbx}]= _f dU na] R pecA

\a>
eZUnR nfU dL }Z U ngd T i ngd_@ eZU f neT n Yne>
nwn]L dU dU Y ngd \R cU
phicU }w^U Y }hcU \a> }ebU

dU e[L dU niU \aU cx cex neU \aU


pUjY c> n e }\U Y hU nbeU |w R pUjeU na]
|U Un_> inH dU Y d]f> pehbU = |U eL Y d]f> pehS
n Yne> phLY phAni Y pehS |U |w _> }H |U R _x
\R neU _x neT
R ni dB dU Une@ dx U heU cU
|w R n bd]fY cx U h\aU cU
hU dL \ R |g= xb> A

U dU n[B Y w \aU {b_i nfi > ni nhB R oinU


.d> ~heU |g= ~he>

dB B Y n Y[_Y |w }x nY{fL nfU ]> {bU :m Tm>


[_eU Y U U nfU ncYl= hU ij= nbhR [_Y w dU
{bU R acx i {bfU nY n \x qx cU |w cU = {bx cU
71

{bU R }aeU Y hU nfU R {bY cx {h@ deL cx


ned_U ned_Un= {b> nfUnR = {beU
Y R {beU Y cx
n xnY cx {bUn= d]eU nT lR pdh\aU d_U Y phUnL p@ R

h]i nfilR ~_e= fU


bx nY{fL _i nil= ni {S ne U {bedU
}Y
i U pfh_Y
|w ng= ~
nSn]= {S fU j= bi nfi ng= bi
.= nhbU ni{Sn= hU U {bY

>l= d]fx [_eU w eU |w R nw}hi {=


o\ah mev
U }R> nY{fL U R e[_x dU lR [_x f cU pLn]U i
f_Y hdR ph[_eU |w L {[>
~@A U dx dU lR ph[_eU }K
nY{fL f cU _ax dex w = nhB dex nfw i pe[_U pheA
z a T
dU lR ai R }ZU _\U @x
:Un_> US R neT B{x

:QHx S R [:Hx] < mv | < T mf < v < p d v


R
n v zg S e K | Z = * g T eh K z w md X T n @ T
m
T X S f gT
{S phdB phAni Y e[_x {S dUnR [ :Hx] g
c vm

}[fL od> ng= bi U pheU lR U|U ph@nB phAni Y e[_x


pLn]U U R{fx gR dU oinU R >j> nei pheU nhB
c=

nbi qbd]i cU Un_> inH dUn= R}_Y c=


inex c=
>
R ~x j= phnS pbx}]= nY ngfY e[_x dU lR ai R }ZU _\U
rh= j]U R SU Y e[_x I
nfw {x = [_x nY ai

{x{> dU pxnL q> i f_x n e [_Y gR cZ=


hR d]fx
.n e

w p_hZU {fL gZeU {hb_U Y fx |U w |w _U


fU

n \x nY nw{_= [_Y w neT p_U S [_Y gR n Y[_Y dx


72

{fL gZeU }U w |w nw{_= [_Y w neT pYnY S [_Y w


.p_hZU

cex hcR ph> pxnhB pUnA Y d]f> pe[_U qinT :mh meh
Y p>}Y h]_x dU bx _U pUa]U px{= R w n Y[_Y cx
^A> neT ph[_eU U @>
ai lR ngdB R nL i rh= d_U
neT nwi R{fx rh= ai R nhI _= yS {x
|U ni R
qB nT neU i n hf@ }_U R afU {[U ph\S R
i {S Y _fe> rh= {A
q`d= {S |w yb= R}_Y pUnU pe_U
}I rh= n edL [_eU ]L dU bi U|= Zi
nfi ZU |w
|w ph[_eU Y _fex ilR _I HnA R dS R db_= d_U |w
L fex d_x n hI hR dU B Y ngf cU pheA
pe[_U f_x

i nLn= nH R xnhB qhU pUjeU cU


i{= nhBn= ph[_eU
[_x h]x ilR }hQ R Lx U |U d_U |w hR dU nY{fL
.neU |w R

{x}i |U qSU R nfilR |gU


pUjY {b_i nff cU pUjeU |w {Tki
o@ nY pe[_U o@ fU R phYnY p_hZU {hbL {hb_U
nhB phdeL Y Ine> pheU e> U @U phdeL .pe[_U
>|U ncY h= }ax
g\_= nT ni Y Ine> U >|U
f_eU |g= d> pUjeU j= {bL filR LSU ncY h=
o= n LS n _feY nT n > n fceY ZU T
n _feY hU nxn\bU T
he@ Y p_feY ngf cU {Y pxnhB pUnA B Y pnB ph\S R n LS
nT i LSU ncY >|U ncY h= d> ph\bUnR nxn\bU
pSL px{x}>
pUnA }Y y[x i >|U ncYU pehS R n LS n _feY

73

.niU ph_S pUnA w |U nhB Un_= ngU

nxn\bU Y ngheA
L pe[_U pxnhB L rx{U }_i i U|U

R phYnY {hb_U lR d i U |g= nfed H H {hb_U pUjY R pegeU

j= {b_i }a> pe[_U


.[_Y nY [_Y fU

_= fL }_x
|U gU ]d U w nY ..pe[_U qbd]i hT nY
ph\bU Y }_x |w ..nx dU h]_x |U d_U }h?j> w nY ..nfU
.{h_= ox}S Y n hI

{=
ij= {b_i nY fU
{U nfegR B Y nfilR |w dL
[ > U nxn\bU R H Y he@ R n Y[_Y cx nYU fdU
.()nhU S R }caU pT}= [ > U nxn\bU hdUn=

odZ^T |

gcT cK ZaX mfh ocXmH Rod


mgh odZK
v :

}hQ hddU pdYnI c> {=


ph[ZU [>
R ~>

R :
hdU R [_Y PfU dL _eY gd T edeU hdU
B Y h[I
Y ~@ pe[_U c> {=R
hdU R n Y[_Y nT

.deTj= n Y[_Y cx {=R


U|U h[I
}nfL

Rmgh odZK

cK ZaX odZ^T
XZ^X Rmgh gd? v :
PeT
.w nL }h= RqhU w nA R ()
74

nfU @}x w Rnhi nfH = Y[_Y gd T :


Y
fU nfU ]_x n hi Un_> d U H}x cex fU U ned ^U
Pd U H i nfhdL ? .ped^U
Y I >nhA dS dbL R
nhi >nB nLn= e[L w nfegx
nY ngd T nH}U e@ |U
.= n@ |U x{Un= x{i nfi pnB
hdH}eU

PeT odZK Q

Zw
\w h PeT odZ^T oeTm< |w ^T :
Tm^= c T bT
mdQ oac\X pgT dZK
I cK m XZ^X ~gT fQ T z^< T
bw v

pJnB }caU |w :
]_x rh= {x}= LnH pahK qhU fU

PfU Un_> d U
{R .ahK U {fL gf> nfU d = U bx ncU

ned K Y g@}x ..fU U ned^U Y nfU }x w PfU


~x |U odbU Y g@}x ..}hfeU }caU nA U d^eU }caU
Y nfU }x ph\eU paJn_Un= fx |U odbU U ped^eU paJn_U
cx U|T nU {=
R \eU dU U d^eU dU B
R n Y[_Y chU pedK i dbL R cx f_e= d T i PfU
R cx dS R n Y[_Y chU pedK i dS R cx dbL
pUjeU w |w .TdH R n Y[_Y cx A pedK i TdH
lR
Q q ^ < { T v
g
:bx Un_> inH d U .h]_x ZU {SnR
g X
G
.[ :p_eU] o d b T m
b T f d c ^ w f gS } w =mw f g c K c w f e X
bi U|U .niU }h`eU
w d _eU w PfU {R

bR hdUn= n Y[_Y hU gd c= Y[_Y nhi w neT PfU


75

n \x {[x U bi i .U
dL SU }h`x

w
{=
R i
}hQ Y fdU
{Y pYnY nLn= Rpe U pfUn=
.dS Y x kx PfU nT |U {U kx A n Y[_Y nY cx
O|v}T odZK

:- zaT |v}T mS Q m?

PH}dU ng=ni {bi


{bi
nfilR O}w~U pbx{[U

nY{fL
{S ngd_> U {heU ngUn[B deU ng>na nghR {bi
nei oR
Y f= \i n H}i ng= {bi
fY gdi x{w dL }hi dL
dU ngB ng>nL nged_= U }w~U qbd]i {bR }_U {U
qeH pe[_U nbY U q_a> A hfYkeU }hY dU H}U ngxnL
eU nfU qT}> i|U ngfY }b> n? ngi{> pH{bU p>}Y U
p SnaY nghfhL q\eQ dU @ Y ng>nhA qInL U }eU L dL
.dU }T|= sgd> w nhU
dR nhf U gU
j]U L pY[_Y O}w~U {b_i nfi
U~U
.}h` qinT negY ph[_Y ng>nhA R oc>}>

S Y {b>
cex
nY U n\> pU p?= nge[L dL {i
.e[P zaQ mf[P X e X o^[< odImQ :PfU

Y ngh= Y ng>nhA ng>nR hA U ng> |fY ng>nhA nfH U nfi :

ngU ni{@ neU n _he@ nfU Y nw Y ng@


R pU }cR R j]B
.{h> >
pe[_U {>
Ong>nhA qinT {bR _R R n wnI S

}hg]> w}gJ
@}U gfL dU ow x|U qhU w Y ngi :hmT
76


gT v ~? |T be
p
K n v{ g T c T zw| w md h :}hg]U px ngdeZR

U peJnR dL w qhU w Y eZ> nY R [:~A]


hU px qinT x|U RhU
|w }hg]U pxvR .ge[L dL
.O}w~U pe[L dL JnU ngfY nfx A
ngI

~i S ngi {= f_x |gR nge[L dL }hg]U pxv= {i


nY{fL
p e[L (px) ngU~i S A pY[_Y OqinT = pY[_Y c> U px
nge[L L ZcU n@ nei }hg]U px ngTdH ng= ngU {gZx pdYnT
.oA pe[_U ngfe>

rx{U R n@ neT heUn_U ni {hH


w O}w~U peJnR :qTmT
heUn_U ni {hH Y R }Y c> cex hbx}aU {fL gZeU
cex ngT}A ngdS ngdbL R d T U
h_> U pini c>

.d T U R ngfY I
U JnU A~x

odZ^T oaga@

dU w O}w~U ghR e= RqhU w pe[L R nfx


n[B }U d_U }nfL Y ghR inH
= ow|x nY { bU
B Y hR T}x
i wn]L {bU ghR ng]U bx gfL @}U

ghL
L= bd> U phinA}U d_U wn]L SnR fU ]B cU
L= }g]Un= T}x
rh= {Y beL R H L R}_Y dU

e_>
U w gU qh]L U }nf_U |w L= }ZU
L {_x
nS Ubx
R .nhB }h`= n hnbd>
gT}>

ngf cU ghR LU
n v { g T c T zw| w md h :pax}ZU px Y naeU phfxcU pe[_U f_Y
gT v ~? |T be
ichR nhB gdx inH dU f_> p
K

77

T}x
rh= wnhB }h`= @}U
L x{h_U wnhB }h`= x}wn]U
|w lR L Y pU }>
ni {HnR wU

n T}>
neT n hU
}g]Un=

|w cU d_U phinA}U pH{bU }nfL ghR |U w dU nfdS


ngAn {x R n[_U {YnU pUnT }h[x nhB gdH ~dx

.nhB gd> ngi nfadH neT ghR LU e_>


pai }nf_U |w

]U Y nghL Y qbd]i ow odZK O}w~U pe[L qinT

ng@ @ }T
neT n_eU _ R nfU U L ngg@ }T
|U dU
n@ Y }hT = |w nw{_= p_U S nfU U L QdL

ncR O}w~U nY f[dU H S {H eY


gni hedeU

nT T}U qR}L |fY dU ngLT nT U qR}L |fY dU nwH


.nhbU qR}L |Y dU n ehd> ngYnhS
O|v}T odZK zmQ

v mdQ mR mecT od
hmS fh Rod odZK X m`w :
mecT m XmX b= T O|v}T odZK X zm`T
.pe[_U fex e= inH dU ]U Y d]f> pe[_U pUjY : :

O}w~U

]_> pe[_U qinT :m ghm>


lR nhU R U eU

ngh=}> QhfYkeU }hY Y dU H Y ng>nhA R }hT ngU nT


.pe[_dU ngfe= gU ]dU SY R ngd_x nY LhfU hYnYU
lR pe[_U U n> yd][eU f_eUn= pYnY qinT }B n_=

.{bU efU ngi pYnY SY R qinT }w~U

ngij= }eU }_Z> fY }x pe[_U p>}Y U O}w~U :m Tm>


78

[> ngincYl= U|= nghdL ax @}U nex p[Sni qhU


n@}U neT pe[_U p>}Y w inH dU Y }bU o>}Y dL U
x}Y d e> nY R pe[_U p@ U qd }eU lR _aUn= p>}eU |w U
pe[L px ghR ~f> U >U nfU _= {i ne=
.O}w~U O
}edU ceeU Y Oofx {hUnT pe[_U L {_x T
gfcU

h_> nY{fL pe[_U Y }b> yaf>


.ngUnH nY dU nY nghUkY

mgh odZK (mf< v


) ow
< pdv
:|g`T K

[=|dT w|YT

}x [ :Hx] < mv | < T mf < v


:Un_> UbU }ha> R
:@ U bfx p `U gU
\>}eU x}ZU
._aU dL ~_U : @U

.hdL ~_U bx U nUn= ZU ]B :inU @U

.d_ax nT |T |c= w
:UbhR p=nbeU :rUnU @U

.n]U hY gZU :=}U @U

dU i
L nfhai ni}T nY dL p_ Y padY p^adU |w @ qinT lR)

@U Sn= ni~@ yhbU dL ~_U w = hdx nY


ngfY {A
T
.(Un= hdx

(nfU gI Y n@}U hdL J neR ew


ncR ngew
gU rB

nY
nY)
U x nY hR hU pe[_U Rnfx xjU }haU Y efU |w }_x
79

.()(Z= Qx{[U Hx
G\T ygYT m ghm>

:w gdU
n_Y p?? H]U zhZU }T|x

.~_U f_e= gU

.n]B f_e= gU

.n]U hY gZU f_e= gU


nS dU eA H]U ob _x p?U in_eU |gU h> {_=


:

Sn= ni~@ yhbU dL ~_U QfL nfhai @U |w gU


eA )

T @U
.()(Un= hdx ngfY {A
^T m Tm>
c T ~w < oX

(nhU ofY) }[eU }ha> R dU x = pY_U ofx


}ha> R H]U zhZU nw}T U p`dU R gU
f_eU p?U @U
}T|x rhA QHx gU
}ha> R SeU U ow|x (nhU)
:}hR|= fU

ni~@ yhbU dL ~_U QfL nfhai @U |w gU


eA )

@U Sn=
T
.()(Un= hdx ngfY {A
(mgT dX) Q G|\T ygYT m ^<

eY) }hcU }ha> R (_h]U gU) }ha> H}]U zhZU _@

. :nhi x~f> :@ ()
. :nhU :H]U ()
. :nhU ofY ()
80


nghR hU nw}L U p?U S {A (nhU
}h` }hT ph[_Y
pi
:bx rhA QHx U

nwngI (mf< v)
:nS ?
nY
US f_Y :ngUn?)
(hU L nY U _J
gZU R yS neU HU
hH dL n ew

gZU e
> x {S)
.()(Un_> dU _R Y ngi
(XmT X?) Q G|\T m XmA

_U bx (YnU Y@) }[eU }ha> R


}Yn= w
:H}]U pY
T ng]Une= ng= w
{bU) :f_eU hdL ~L {[S
]Une= qew
|R ng]UnU = nw}= U }x{b> |Y =@ < mv|<
ng= w
U :nf_Y .dU qaB
i U db= qeew
UbU .hdL {x

US
.()(dbU dU qaB i
(}g?T) Q cXm^T Xm? < < m GmG

(~x~_U dU nT }ha> R ~h@U) hbU }ha> R dYn_U pY_U }ax

{[bU ph_h]U gZU pLnfY egR


Un_> US
nY) :(ng= w)
nghU _J

Y nx {ex _Y nei hR nhB hR yS R nhB


ai T
.()(_aU L

:dYn_U }aeU
bx (< mv|< T) :Un_> UbU }ha> R

|Y U @)
yhbU Y p_ineU fU U : .(mf< v)
hdL

.()(ngY{bx
hU ._aU ~_U
ng=@ n =@ {beU

. :nhU eY ()
.w :YnU Y@ ()
./ :~h@U ()
. : . ()
81

heU L) :~h@U oAn bx (`h |< mX) :UbU }ha> R


.()(dU ]d= qe[_H nei _]U
^T m ^<mG
:(h m<) Q cdT oX

b_x p[S
}x ohbL n = (nU) R deU pY_U {bL
R :ohi|>) fL q> LHx
}Y
nY dL ncI Y x nY A
R }x {S |U ncI dL }dU U[R {A R {[>
(nB nx Y
.(< mv|< T mf< v)
:Un_> US }ha>

R n@ nY w ncI |w R R {@ (nU) oAn {S


}eU ne> R {@ }L UJ dL deTj= dbfR }U }aU }ha>
lR nbeU |w R }U }aU nY }T|fU) :bx rhA nbeU |w R
.()(}eU ne> R {@ [U }L
f_Y chU (gZUn= gU)
nghin? nT (gU)
}ha> R @ p?? }T {S

U B{U =
nw}= U nwngI gI {bU) :@U |w dL px
.()(@U R e_U
^T m eXm>
(mRzT }eS) Q zfYdT oX

_U }aeU
}ha> R (nS{U ~fT) hbU }ha> R {gZeU pY
}T|x

eg=
pLnfY ]U hY
:Un_> US
}eU) :neghin? hhHnH hUS (mf< v)

hbU
= hdcU q> B{x neY

U nhB {[bU gZU


Y dU Y x~U }@ {eUn=
.()(gU
|w nhS {fL _aU L cx
. : . ()
./ / nU ()
. x{=n_U x U {L {hdU (i}S ^fY Y Rnhi pe[L R n_@}Y) @ ()
./ :nS{U ~fT ()
82

X m ^Gm=
:(w|bT |aT |g`=) Q |gYT z

= md < @ | ` = b =mQ mX c K G i = g b T :Un_> UbU }ha> R


Sm
X S n w c T
{ in=}U hcU }]x [ :{x{U] Q m
nS {_H B pd L) :f_= n LY }hZU hgU jeU
T mf < v < p d v z a T
:Un_> UbU hR }_x
(nbZU n_U

U [x |U inafU heUn= ex aHhU gU


}x < mv | <
n\Y {L R o_dx db_U }@~U U nL{H od]U pdA}Y
._aU dL ~L U x
A inafU gU

:}H {S
fY YngU R n@ {S

(mf< v)
dL SU }x{b> dL x{[U Hx U feU gU

lR)
Y inafU heU }e=
= ~_U f_e= hU ( T) L n[ai

.()(nL{H odJ }hQ


^T |HmK
|H
cT zK oX

_U bx
pY
zaT) :}[eU }hgZU }ha> R }I

dU {L {hU }aeU
(mf< v) ]UnY {[S (< pdv
nhB {[bU nghU _J
nY

eU {eU
.()(_aU L ai T

ebU bhR> a]d=) :(vzgS


eK |ZQ) :Un_> UbU }ha> R

.()(..gZU
ngf@ (af U ) _h]U heU L) :(`h |<
mX) :UbU }ha> R

. / :x}cU }bU }ha> ()


. :}I
}ha> ()
. : . ()
83

.(e[_R peA (< @ mX ) gZU U _]U ngdhe= (Un= nY)

^T |YK m@
(}gdT) Q mIm\T oX

_U }x
nJn]U pY
q> L @}U Y|Y }hQ) _]U gU

.()pe[_U Rnfx ilR UnUn= (hdcU

n> n_x nJn]U pY_U nH _= R nZU j]U Y


=ni
i dbx (_]U heU)
nJn]U dL b>
|w !pe[_Un= }\Y

.()(~heU) }haU pbhS{U }bU {L Y



. / :~heU @ ()
(nhi pe[L R n_@}Y) @ ()
84

QcK mX ow

cT X |Xi< cK
gg^=

aw mdS xgH|= |X
gS :
PG|T nZh
v v T o`gcA m gcK
Tm^= hmG cT X | Xi< oQcT m gcK gK
h m bT ^<
PfU neU |w R nf>{hbL :
} Yj= }x{`U x R pRdU n hdL hL

G |T
} h mX c <
mf w mw qU~i U px nLn= Un_> inH dU Y
e T X d Z ^ w c T T mG p _c < md Q ^ ` = T < X g T
:{neU] m

nx i nwnf_Y }x{`U x R qU~i U }hHnaU o= px |gR [ px

|w n hI _a> U ijcR QdL


R hU ~i nY d > U dU H
bU
Y }hcU ~x dH f cU PdU H}U {x{g> hR hU dH
yd dL \R nLn= QhfYkeU }hY px ph\S
cZ>
YH sgf U dL phYH }heU }eH pYU }cU pine\U
P
B PdU H ai w Qn hdL
n edL dU H {= |U
.HY Y nw pU~fe= fY w

:hededU nS PfU :inU }Y


b ` h X b < T p T
gdU :UnS gai dL ngicdex neY
}T hfYkeU dL p]dU dY fi
pxU X cK {fQ X peS X :nS ? zfH fcT :gU nbR d=
85

}Y |w PdU H}U dU _@ {S TnU pheTnA }nfL {A e>


ai Y = U qfT Y d_U (}Y) d_@ H}U hfYkeUn= U i
px qU~i ? n _]S hh_> i hh_> yhI}> |w gR ai Y = U d_R

G
b T pg

d ^ h b g c K p d d = b e w b T p c d S g T pex}cU
[ :{neU] m ew
odJ pehB Qd_U o [ i PdU H }eU

nS i inU pahdU L bi {S hfYkedU }hY a[= h


x hedeU Y
UY Y q dL
pxU ph\bR pfYkY YkY T
nx U z= .. z=
.Un_> inH dU Y }Yj= n fhh_> qinT
b> gK }wnK n fY {fH _]S ni{fL }x{`U rx{A lR |w R

= {>
qfT nY |w {h_= ox}S Y hR ZdU
nY pU pU
=

. A pfH heB |fY nfU dL

oQT Q a@ K mew T cK
mX

X o`gcT QcK
|w ^T :
wm< mXzeK pfh |wz_T o^g<
dT m`h |]h oGmedT {v mg@ @ | ? zK |w mev

A i {i phbZbZU p]U R Qn hdL nY {i nY{fL :


d_> U = qJnA U }^U U
w bA }x ecA pdA}Y

Y |haf= dU Y nghR pxU qinT U ph\bU |w Y bA L @}x


.nfdU f_Y ngfL nfx }A
PH}U

w pehbU ngfY |BjfU (}x{`U) }T|U |w }\i i nfdS neT


nhB pUjY ngi .HU {h> cx {=
hedeU Y dx |U
Y{b>
x|U x~fU nfi {x}i Qn hdL }T|i nY{fL nfi neT \R
nei dU nA R Y{b>
Y QdL
\i
y {bR gincY n hdL
86

QdL B
p[S w p[bU
w ngU
A}U
gfeU
}caU

R nfT}A f_Y
.pxU B
QcK mX pbG mdT

mX mS :m= `eT nv{dT X oX m^T me< bhA X mh :


bw T T
{v ? X few T mdcQ oQTm< @

v QcK
o`TmX =bG

mf< bw T gdcdT X pdcG mX dcG


:bx QnY nT :

|i hedeU {A dL Rnx {x}x QncR .omA


cK

?
> cex nT qSU U R QdL nY ng= bx pT}A px
{

|w Y}=
H nhT dL \b> ne=
= YH SU R ~w
h^wmw }c= n= {[bx Q cK meT mgh eK mdQ :QUS
X zw|w G K p^? zR meT o^? pw @ zw pbXiQ
m Xzv m dc> gQ cv G |Zh T mh pgYQ PzdX w
R mw mX v mdh T {v bw Q X ]K cK
< ogZdT b=
@ p[feQ mT Yaew mdS |T }w mdS mX mfeX }w
@ Y qcH QdL nYnR .()efe= wzT idI v ImT
.hedeU H pd[Y

aG dT QcK mX o^g<

i<
o^gYT mfw b^X medc G T @ :oe T mdcK ^< aw :
m`ccT mX o^g<
|wz_T w Q Qm gcK mX nZh
zR PeT
. . . . .i n= :deU ()
87

ga<mT
eTm<
dT
cK m d |Z=
cK z=

mdcQ fQA ogK|H


T
n@m mS aG dT QmX o^g< oT T hm=

gcK h |Z=
mdcQ a@ K me= zR oRTm<

nw}hQ R phbZbZU
p]U R QdL nY yx}[> {i nY{fL :

qUnS :UnS mZh pTmR mX) :pahbU R {@ Y }@ neL


UkH R neT

fgcK @ fQ :QnS }hY cfY }hY nfY


PcT G i<
pU
Y |w R nY :UnS .fgX K mw feX T w i<

mdQ :QnS ? .f< ogT b= T fgQ mX phmS T :QnbR


w|R pTmR
@
:QnbR .PH}U }I ngij= qA:UnS

}@ nY phL}Z= n SJ d x U QnYnR .()(|dT Km |YTm<


n? fY }T _S HnhH p_hU U{eR xn= i q?
qhU phL}ZdU

phL}I
.
nfw

:oXmK og[R |wz_T

od^eT md= wzT mdS ow i<


XmX |gP |A meR bdw gS :
QcK mXT PeT o^g< cK h|R gT

{U }haU oT pfU
{i nY{fL nff cU pYnL pex}cU px :
pxfU }hU B Y }_i h]i nfilR eU |w R |U
{_= }x{`U x R qU~i px |w rxnA Y }hcU B Y pax}ZU
.pUnH}U PfU d =
d]fi {=
ph\S = YnY }hQ YnY ph\S qhU ph\bUnR
phedL

|w h= nbi ni eU |w R U [fU pH Y nghR

.. :pQU sgi ()
88

phi U U h]i A ngn_> U }B [fU [fU

.peHnA phi U U UB Y }x edL r=


jT
ph=nx

YH }hQ YH eU dL H n e L{i i

{x}x p_hZU B Y ph\bU ri


{x}x pf U gaSY {Tkx


w nY R}_x {x}x hedeT ph\bU ri = gaSY {Tkx
.U R H

{x}x _hI |w nH dL U B{i {@ j]U Y


aSY {Tkx

nfUbL yai nfhdL = pxaU ph>|U phdb_Un= aSY {Tkx {x}x fH


|w
hU edeU ngx H Q K me = kQ :px }bi Un_> inH dU
G |T c T T |Q pf U ngx p_hZU ngx
B Y [ :nfU]

SeU R Un_> inH dU U |_i H gR phYH phdb_U


}nZ_T B{i nY YH
{x}x T
i j]B |gR h>
ai {Tkx

ni _> ph[L
nhI R}x nH Y nhI R }cax
{@x

pbhbU L rAnU phdb_=


d]fi n fhdL .nH Y
ni phdb_=

U dH R UH d L dU hT nfx {S x {Tkx {x}x |U


:bx
Q zv c ^ T Sm
X
fU nT gR [ :jH] g
w mh
P
z z ZTm
< m ? { T
w Jn= dL gi {w dL i R n TnI
e[B U A> U dH R Un_> dU cU
[ :}Y~U] <
qfT U neT _Y ph\bU r> {x}> i _Y d> |U }B U
n TnI
nT U neT _Y ph\bU rx
neci w n]eU pxngi R phfU n TnI

{x}> i pbhbU L rU pdA R nbR}>


w {x}x ai {Tk>

.|w B Y >j> ph[_U ai {Tkx


89

oXmX cK gT |wz_T

G TmR {T |wz_T qwz< ogGmgT


ogK|YT
oXmX cK T z= :


|wza= cK qwzT {v G|T K z zR mS {v PcT
gT v{= {T zg^T e^dT {v \^w
nT p_hZU pf U
{fL }>Y = haY rx{A w }x{`U rx{A :
U pA
Y @ PfU p pU{UnR pU{Un= Snfx ZU
R }g^U qS R nfU eR }]U }aY d A edY _Y nT
X geXjdTm< T pT)
:nS ? nfdU negh]= nh= n= A n hUnL dL

{x
{fQ X peS X ) :nS ? (zfH fcT)
:nS (d= gdU) :UnS f`h

d]x UeU Y
Y nfU _= bx nfw (X cK
qfT
d_R

Y
.}Y U
dL

dL d]x nfU dL d]x oeU

:bi U dL n bhd_>
fU e@ hT p?nU p_hJ {i nY{fL
P
ni A
|U gU bx }eU w nbU qSU U R nfU
pT
:US ? eU p_hJ B Y U f_Y |w n \x dL

x
pedT {x{> pfx}b= pheTnU pxU f_Y ]_x f`h X geXjdTm< T
f_x gai Y hfYkeUn= U ng= }eU R UeU
nY |w UU

x
.}x{`U rx{A Y pYnY dL = {


90

O|v}T

OgdTm^T mh zgG

gdTm^T mh zgG mfh O|v}T @


Q qwz@ v :
.pf U w ni {hH ngi heUn_U ni {hH ngi :

w|X gdTm^T mh zgG


odImQ

bh :T mR oe T mehA z@ X mf< pdR T T z@ Q :


zgG
c^T X gdTm^T mh zgG
Ta=
v odImQ
v Ow|X
|aT T T{< zeX gdTm^T mh

` \
m
c T :nS }bU heUn_U ni {hH
ngi bx U }bU :
` \
na]n= }eU [:}eL ] g
d T m^ T m h c K m
| f I
{U {d> R Un_> inH dU {S nghR eU nwnhB w nhB
n _Y p_hZU pf U
x}J Y {S QhL fU
w Y
.ngeUnL ni {hH
w x}Y heUn_U ni {hH
w O}w~U

91

O|v}T mXJ

mX]T X mfgcK |? mX |bT oawz ZT


Q bw v mX :

ngi }hg]U px f=
pY[_eU peh^_U }eU w }w~U pbx{[U :

{fU nT nhU bR = nT R = q?
nY |w heUn_U ni {hH
{>

nhi {gZx neT nfU dL {gZ> U {hgZU w new}hQ p?U ~@j=


.(zgfH oawz
phmS mfh) ?jeU rx{U B Y Rpe

oin@ Y }T R ng bA [`eU {g]\eU


pYd^eU gR ngYK nY

zaQ mv X) :PdU H rx{= {gZY b=


{S

ngheUnK qg@

nwng@ nge[L nghYd^Y


nge^L }w~U n\R L q?{>
{S (h

R O}w~U ph[I

}L U {w qfT rhA
dL eT
ngaSY T

x}hcU {fL {@ U neY


pfH h_= |fY |w nT }n_eU deU niU

.}[_U @ R

zQ og[R

mK bY<
|gdT og[R

pUjY n_U U
R pUjY }]> O}w~U {bU

:Un_> Ub= O{gZHnR n_U U R nY nB cZ=


nhi
@ X | S { c T S Q c T bg
w
:@ ~L
US [ :nfU] g g h

^ < T f [ ^ < m@ T
S Q
gcK H b < c T c T m
pUjY nUn_> negi dL edeU a > neY
nx n>nw [ :nai]

U @Y
n]UnR i
}hQ i
h= }B I h= }R nL cZ=
O}w~U d T YH SU cx x}ZT n _he@ nfU hedeU
92

L }^fU ]b= hededU nY negU nedY PdU H nw=


ph[U

.hedeU dL nY neghdL n_U x}ZU R ngU B U

mgh

|U kUnR nhi w pnU


}{U R }heU pUjY nY

chR gi?}x gi wn= nhi }x w :w nfw ai }ax


}heU pUjY R nfH nfw
L n?{>
hxv= qU {H }Y |w pUn_Y R O}w~U
.gn= nhi

pedT }wnK [ :efU] md g c G


:Un_> US T
.fU
pSL nLn= n= {UU }x neT nehdH nfw

zT X T n f Q :Qnx}T L Un_> dU ncA nY w oghmT px


h
X | w e> | w m gT
U o w :f_x [- :x}Y] m g c ^ ?
a ^ w

.{fL nY }x i = {Y R {UU ph[B


Y f?}x {U

i pecU d_U nfw :zG {v Q gR zR


dY n hi
fU
ncR fU R ? f_x md g c G
U fU
}x {U S}x dU L{x nT rhA nx}T~U pfUn= }Y U|T
}x ng= ~he>
ne= fU
ghR _@ dU nLn= b_x fU B

n hI qhU T}> nehR nehdH }x pUjY U w |w nbx


c> h_hR
n egY

UnY }hU {U Qnx}T fU od]x fL {x


.[ :}U }aU }hcU }haU :{[eU] .fU
d_U p? p?U

nei x
d_U :phLY pbx}]= }U |w pZSnfY R bi nff cU
93

w d_U neU phdeL h= }aUnR nT hd_Un= bfx



= neU nT lR U R {g@
U in_x Y x
neU

Y
neU bfx ex }eR phiinS phL}I phAni
Y eHn=
I

bf> U nhIU w nR n iinS n L}I geHn= x


p? U

U n hnbd>

.neU R x
Y }e=
n hnbd>

}Y |w eU

nY n eUnL nT dR pedcU f_eU |g= x


R d_U nY

w h= d_U pfUn= fU
Un_U {U T !h= dL = }x gR
dL |Bjx nei Un_U {U fU {UR }B |hed>
d _x neT fY d _x
hdL |ed> B Y h= dL }hQ |Bjx neT n Yne> {fL ed _> B Y h=

d_UnR UnUn= edL |B pfUn= nhH


Un_U |Y> Y }hQ Un_U =nR
U nx hUnR }B bi phdeL px L d> pbx}]= bfx nei x

nx U nx yd[U
S nx U nx nx S nx
U|T pgU S
hU bfeU SnfU Y {g@ n> bi phdeL cR
Y {g@ U n> U {hAU bfU phdeL d> nbU U nx d_U
.neU w eU
Y U

i
:UbR U|U
d_U ? f_> md g c G

c> fU
hd_Un= ocx d_U nbd> cZ=
x
neY
hU U

nfR}L n A }Y ~x }heUn= c> bdB _U dU na]n=

{bR fU
d_U {_= }hU f_Y R h= Y R n hi

n eUnL nT nhedH
nh>jx pfh_Y

pbx}]= chR nehdH U ne[U >jx nT i }bU nf?{A


d b w md g c G
m
:Un_> US |w }B pbx}]= chR U
H f d b T me S a T e P g
Q p Y ` h
| T Q
mdg c G mvm
e d f ` Q w
z vm

S
dL nehdH dH y@
nfw dUnR [-:nhi] m dc K m db @ me g =
94

d_U nehdH {[x R |g= {A feU nT dH


pnR B Y n eUnL nT >neY {_= h= nhA R n eUnL nT {bdR L
.dh[> R {g@ B Y d_U hdL dU
mecaT L fU
w = n ? qhU fU

nehdH gR T

f_x R nehdU {U fU
]L {S dU nT lR nZx Y dU h]_x ]U
dL n hi
> gR h= L fU
nehdH U
y nehdR
hdR UnUn= n hi
{S nei n hi
i
= n |U ai nH
= T
pb R nhi nf= _= cx {S nhi nhi _= dU _x
}a T

.i =nT

zT X T n f Q :Qnx}T S Y }eU w |w
| w e> | w m g T h
X
_h]U nfw [beUnR [- :x}Y] m g c ^ ?
a ^ w

:U dL hU{U n= Y nf= ?}x nehR

X T d T p ` A h
n=}S w [:x}Y]
:Un_> US :

neU dL nx nei nwdx n=}S Y nghdL nx fU rhA


Y nghdL nhR fU
n=}S Y inT H n[_U
}a cU
U Y
nY

.w}hQ Y

:bx rhA ai eU L }B px R {x
Qnx}T }i :m ghm>
}B pa px L {x
U [ :}eL ] o g I o w h zT X T n v

zT X T n f Q :US dL {x
nY oA n hJ
e> | w m g T h
{U odJ gR
X | w
{U hU
a ^ w
cx T}> nY }x |U {UU = }x
X T n v
:nS nefhR U U i w U pfUn= {UU n[B Y
.}> nY R ?}x n hJ
{U od]x i f_x |gR o g I o w h zT
95

gR m g c ^ ?
:f_Y neR n hi

U o w :nS i nf}R U :mTm>
Y }hQ i
:bx nY{f_R Un_> inH dU {fL }
nfw cx b_x

X | w e> | w m gT h
o w
a ^ w
:bx ijcR
zT X T n f Q
h= n ? iT R UU
{UU [beU nT U
pa ex n hJ
{U U

m g c ^ ?
:Ub= |w pSL neR d_U fU

}x |U
= ~hex
|U _h]U w nfw }eU f_> p?U @U |gR

inH dU pUjeU hU {fL nY w gn= pfUn=


{x}x Un_>
|w cU {fL hew
neUn= Ynew neU {Tkx

w d]eU h_hU
n e L hU {UU w UU
}T nei ph[U

nB
dL bR =n= }[U UU
gaY qbh
gR U }hQ

}c= = b> U O}w~U {H nT nH |w


c=

wn= ?}x nhi nf= L {>


{H phLY
dU edL

= ni nedR

w zT c T o g T |g A | = :Un_> US w }B px nfw b>



|^ d T m< g
ngSL nY :nbx {bR [:}bU] g
a d T c K m a @
<| R

{a= ngUn]Y R O}w~U ng= {gZ> A n=

R U px w phU nbY R U px |w :T

x}Z> S U {_= Y qheU T}x neL


U ~fU oh>}>
q?{>
{ex
T}x |U }hU =}S |Bjx px
|U eU

dL nf= n= T}> ne= nf= pSL R U R phU B Y


.phU
nx pHni nx bx |U bU

dK :nwL nY }bU qY{S


{_= O}w~U h\> ?
96

pU~fY pincY U hU i L{>


ci < X T ]@
cT bZQ)
fL phf@ T[>

w |w fijcR (meeg< @ ) = Y
!(mfeX < |A owu<

L {x
nfU _= [x
nL B
nY{fL i }H }bU }S

nB
nfw nT i }B px R }T|x {=R
e_U L g@}x

nehH n \x nU }T|x {=
n_U }bU }T|x nY{f_R x}ZU R nL

.hfh_Y
d _x nU
|w nT

nIj= Z=

deU }x }RncU Ub> w (m>w gc X v mh Ta= )


pedY nijR (z@ oc X v X < mh pT
)
n?x hd eU w
!H i
w dY =

Ub> ijR (dK < < X XdK |aT Z< cK h )


qinT dR ph_Un=
fdeZ> gR U dL PfU

eZ> px
phUeZ=
dL w }bUn= dU dH |U fU
hU Ub> neT pUjeU

n eUnL cx ox R ngfY @}> ph[B


nfw qinT phi}bU
px

n \x }aeU Y hU fL f?{x


U nedR = n eUnL nT U|=
T cT G edc K :nbU w U|= n eUnL QdL eL = cx

X T x`w c^T X m<


[>
pUjeU qinT nehH
m< T m< S
@ }[>
H w @ >
ngi |Un=

B Y }[x

oewzX mh :p_hZU pf U
x}x nY B Y PfU nS {S |g= ngi

.mf<m< cK
c^T

{>
p`d=
qinT O}w~U p^AY cex U dL
phedL

.phi}S
phgbR
phLY

97

(oT@|X oX\X) nw|B (mfbhzQ)


pSnfU i R x |U n]U
nw|B }aU dL |U }Un= hI w A}U
Y pUA}Y nw}U

{=
sx
ni cU
pYnhbU x R i (|Y@ w mac=) R pdYnT

Un_> dUnR hU b= U |Bjx Y {@ U lR (cT b T


^ eQ ) x{U ne=
|w oKmT zeK oXmgaT zKdT zdX
gK}T) U
{fL h\x

=i w X * d c ^= Q |aX ih bT

g
Xze= b^`ew c\dT


{ K gc K w w
} w
R }bU p`d= d c> nfw gR ([ :}Y~U] g
{ K
aX

.()pYnhbU x ni hShH nY n? B Y phUkeU n?

ma^cT oTaX oYRmeX

mX mR qg@ zQ K ogTmT (ma^T dX mK) oTaX Rmeh gS :


m gH {Aiw X |S o`gcT mfT ~gT mX Kz=
X ]K |v}T) :m`X
(c]T ImTm<

nY R yd[U R T}x
{x}x gi hAnU Y }hcU pdcZY :

pUjY R nf? dB lR (ncA {hH yd[U ) yh hR yd


n b A ph\bU c> nY{fL cU n a[i n a[i |w ]_> j= ngd > qijR phUnY

Jn=
U ni bx {=
R
U Y {=
= yd[dU phincY

.JnU Y nT U
oin@

pahdU b> nY L{>


Y ^L O}w~U bx nb_U
Y ^L O}w~U nfba> lR d^U JnUn= n hI |Bjx Y ^L
pSn[U

gR ngU nY qL ngU nY qL w lR ngU hU nY L{>

.(- :}w~U nYK) (- :{bU }w~U) :@ ()


98

? |T
b e K n v{ g T cT zw|w mdh :Un_> inH dU ngZ= pS{[eU
gT v
qx nY) :}c= = pf= ngZ= [:~A] |gf \ = S | f \ w p

ngUS nT {[U ngUbR { w qinT lR (nwn= ngfY {


{[U
bU Y |w ex hcR U dL |T gR aUnB nY cR
sfx U pedcU R U
? lR JnU Y n hI |Bjx Y ^L ij=

.phinU pedcU ]=

zQ m?|G

mX mK zQ< @
O|v}T odIm`T mS T h maw :
T cK mR mS h QA X Q <m T
{v QcK

:
hT RqhU w QdL
c> U {R ph\S

{fL nY ph\S
Q mfhm]X ~`eT zQ |gP z`< e mX :nbU w dL
z? zP

pRUn= QdL x= nedR


p[`eU pRdU ~Y w}^f= {R qinT nei
pRU `Hn= g x A ngLn@}H af= B{x
pd[Y }x U

Y oLneU _= U dhH ngLn@}H {@ i ne= ph[ZU


=veU

ngdB U }wn^eU _= QdL


nY{fL }e L pf H B} |U
}hQ
.yx}U [T }eL

(zQ) < oTm\dT

|T
|^dT X :
RpgT v i<
v mdQ mfgQ mX mghzT fdf=
zQ <
o`gcT nTm\= O|v}T zgT ^? {T
Y fY n ? dU H Y p h]L
p di }w~dU n b A {R qinT :

Y pUnA U nI U R cx Y U
|g= oUn]> _h]U

99

>n@nA B Y b= ni pUn]Y lR nhi{U neUn= new nA


|w dU {fL Y _hJ L}I }Y
.
>nhUkY
ph_h]U
w phdn_U

h U
ngilR pRU U _U }@ {a= pUn]eU qinT n hin?

nYU nS n_U f= nadB {A nbx }wn^Y {A {R c> |U


pb]feU ngi [Y
nw{R
fi QKncU
{R hU @ {_Y

fh]_> U ilR {R {A U qR}L


:nY U nbR nU R @eU
U {A w {R {A :U nS nw{A nY :Hn_U pahdU nbR nwnx
!ngd T phYH

R {x{U = = nbx pxn`U c> U d]feU {R qinT U|U


x U neU :nH jH pQU sgfU A}I
nS }w~dU n T{R }c= = _

Y }Y ]bx U|U d_U


pRUn= qUn]U {R qh]L U :U
.Un_U dU U Y {_= U ngd]Y {ex
A x}]U

GmgT dT cK O|v}T RX

X GmgT d^cT oweT oGmddT oTiX @h bdw gS :


oQT X O|v}T RX A
@U qbd]i ngi {i nfilR O}w~U {hU nhA {i nY{fL :
.n xnhA
n hdH
{U
SY Y SeU

n aSY b> U {U

ngi = QdL
pUjY qhU pRU pUjY O}_I {bdR
e> pY
e> pUkY ngi }_Z> qinT .pUnH}U pY
pUjY
.pUnH}U
hededU {U
{eU U ngU =n]B SY R q_R{i U|U

100

n[eU edeU InL |U SU L H }H L H L


.PdU H nhQ R {A |U
nY pUjY nghU pfUn= e> c> U U {R pUjY L gU q?{>
?
.nfw T}>
d]fY pUjY nghU pfUn= e> ngf cU {x}>

{x}> dU

U|= c>
U .ngdS }Y {>
U neT phHnH pUjeU L q?{>

U {_= ? peHnA pbx}]= eU |w L hUkeU qg@ ngi =


n[i x}@ngeU dL qRnJ
ni q_e@ ? QdL
= w}T|U

neT g@ L n hHnS n x{A ghU q?{>


ngh= R n[i x}@ngeU

hU R{> q ngi nfdS


.nA Y ~T

b> |U {eU
YH SeU ex |U eJnaU SeU |w

ph\S @ Y n_> U pbx}]Un= HnhU SeU pg@eU }eU hR


.}hh`U

O}w~UnR HnhU neU R }eU pT}A phL}I nfh]_x SeU |w

U|U }hg]> w}gJ @}U gfL dU ow x|U RqhU w Y


.U YH dU ex ij= }caU nfh]_x SY
R ngTdH lR
ngh[B
B Y a b > U SeU |w qaS nY{fL O}w~U

.nB hdc> ngU }w~U hdc> |w nfU _= bx neT nbhU ph>|U


}[x
nT PdU H A pUkY pedeT qR}[>

O}w~UnR
.hUkY hedeT R}[x
inT RqhU w A kY deT

U f_eR SeU |w R }>


T
O}w~U }i nY{f_R U|U
cex YH SU oh[x |U {U
Y SeU |w Y h_> pedY

.pAnU |w R }>
ngU cex }w~U SY b> ngU
101

SeU qaS Oofx {hU ngf= {i O}w~U qaS neT


Y }eU U nx YH SY nfgR ..{A pUjeU ai
cex YH nfw SU dL `\> cex U }eU ph[I B
U YH SeU p@nA nLn= Oofx de>
{S }eU de>

.U

owmK |gP |X O|v}T v

}w~U pe[L dL hw}= Y {b>


..ngdn\R ng>nY}T nghH{S
nY Q

hHnA Y de> }ZU f@ Y }Y ngiT L ng@}x U lR


nghHnA qT}A
ngi nge^L nei nfU }nH cde> nY ~}`U J_U
rh= inH dU {A L }> nw~}`U ye> U dU n R
. {= hL pR}J pYnbH B L R}fx U nw{@ ngdbL ngdS

neT O}w~U L ()(}eU A phYH Yj>) R nf?{>


nY{fL
af= n_I cU U R cx dR pxnL }Y A~Y qf= phH x}Y
dU U ngai pa[U d> R ni}I {S hT nge[L }w~U nY}T
n hA
gx
w{x
nY Rn]U Y neh^_U fU d> _= yfY inH

Ongi dx { = {gZx neT Y}x cU U nT nei n hdeL

c> U
}Z= PdU H nT neT nfU }nH n[B e> }Z=
[ :gcU] T @
w b c X | Y < mh md h R n@}U n[B ex

n _he@ ghdL }w~U pe nhi U|T }Z= dU H cx U U
g= {SU f_Y nfw nT neU nfU }nH dL \R gU nT neU dU H
pe^_R [ :n_i] c w mX f g c K me c T ? me c ^ T mb c X me c ^ ? T

. eU :}eU A phYH Yj> ()


102

n ijI R gH{S g>l= gf cU pcY hU }Z= gi gehS kw


qhU {bi
O}w~U {bi
nY{fL nfhdL |gU ..pceU Y dU {fL
nfi oh`U Y ohQ gi pcY gij= A> pbx}]= gY{bi
R
q\S dU cU nf>{hbL R nH ex oh`U {b_i nf T
m G R gf@ Y pU\U Y gU ngU nfdU dL eU cx
Q q ^ < { T v
G g
G | Y < pe

S v <
.[ :}H]
g X
.[:p_eU] f e X

Q }[x
{hU x{b> R ngA} nf>nedT T
_U b= U

|fY ngLf>
nf>}nY }T Q ..nge[L nh= ngeh^_> O}w~U
he> dbi U nY nfdxb> dL RqhU jI R pfH heB Y }T
px jI R nge[L O}w~U nf>{hH jI R dex nY nfYT
Y R PhY fU nghdL i
nw{T U QhfYkeU }hY ni{hH
w{fL ~x nT px{gUn= gU dU L{i nfilR B }x{Q R nw}= {x{L
U phd=nS
nfU bx x pYnhbU x SY g_Y nfU dU dL g=nR
}hT }h` n`x |U heUn_U }U
chH nT R nwn[A

QhfYkeU }hY ni{@


nf>{@
PdU H ni{@

}\e= nU
.()hU U R (aU) sd a U cx eU }i O}w~U pbx{[U
O|v}Tm< T {T

mfgdTmJ cK omP p=mX

}hQ ng=n= dL o]U he> O}w~U dL gU ph\S

dx U phxnU n[eU fL q?{>


neY
ng= qbU U Un^eU Y U
.- {bU }w~U ()
103

gHai R pincY Y O}w~dU ne U nL cZ=


hedeU {U
x|
d U }] neY
PdU H}U nH w nghU nH }x gd_@
neL |gU }hcU ngH n_U `\U }h?j> q> nwnh>jx nwnedK
nT neR nwnh}hU nghdL B{Un= negU jx QdL
Y ndJ
ngaSY

U nf= d]i) :}c= = nS }eL (oGmgT oXmX) Q ogR < aew


n hdL nh>jR negU j> dR nghdL nijHnR n _he@ nbd]inR nwnf\Q {S nilR peJnR
ned R nU U ngg@ qUA
nw{fL {_S nedR nghdL negdBjR ned cR
p=}S dU dU H phA nx :nbR }c= = d cR L }> dR nghdL
i =}S Y U oA dU H
U f= pZnL Y U

oA

R}I d\R }L R}L i}R {_= b= qY
i = nY x
PdU H n= q_eH
i PdU H Y ?}hY bA _fY

.(pS{ nfT}> nY i
nhi }In_Y i) :bx

|w qUnL {S qinT ngi }heU ph\S dL O}w~U d _> dR


[aY
}L nY R neghdL pU
hb> ngf cU ng]B R
pUjeU

K m wz@ mdb>z@
mdbw) :qUnbR nH pYK Y ngU
m^d= T cT mdb=zYh :qUnbR _i :nS < ^`= hmQ|^= PcT G

dQ \G X odImQ G m X odImQ m :aw PcT G


nf_eH _i :nS e\G odImQ G X e@ odImQ e< n@

mX hmd\G mdbh bX cT zfH hkQ :qUnbR PdU H Y


dUn= |nL ni :}c= = nbR gT mdbhbH eT pgaT T hmdg

Q gcK K
S
cT
:b> w peJnR nx ]H ]H Y

.[ :pHnhU pYnY] (mfgc


104

ngdbfx }B px R
qUnS Ongi i n= R deU pY_U
o^[< mh eX o^[< odImQ :aw PeT md^dG v cTm< mdSzYh) :negU

dS mbQ =X z^< mv X cT zaQ h X h zaQ mv X mfeX


_i gdU :nS =X z^< mv dS mS =mg@ Q mv X =mg@ Q mv
.(cT zdT :qUnbR

Q hmw zR mdfh h|[@ X mw zfHmQ zfH h fcT) :qUnS ?

.[ :i n=] .(=X zeK =mg@

pLnI S c=
|cw
neghdL qdH
neghdL O}w~U qA

inH dU n\Q U R Y PdU H U|= n\Q nwn\Q negi


.nghY ngnf= odS R n Rni n A}@ Ong\Q b= Un_>
: zeT mS Q `h e^dT m?

Y }hcU Y in_> ngY h_> qinT

_U
nghdL q_S
U nY^U

n@ gi pHnhU pYnY R (phS =) gfY n _Y p_hZU pfU x}x nY


{fL q_e@ U pn_edU {x{g> LpeJnR dL
qh= S}hU o]Un=

!peJnR nghR |w nx :pdeU {nbU hS {bdR BkeU


bx neT QdL

bU U pini w peJnR
dL ngY}A dL ngA
dL hedeU T
fY p_\= ngi {_= Y PdU H ngT}> U {hAU qfU ngi ngeh^_>

OpeJnR qh= }U nfUn= >j> hcR nw nY xkx ng\Q nY \`x

nwnf_Y nedcU }]B Y pedcU |w }_i i (!! ) :nS f cU

}]B Y ngi dB R OpeJnR qinT U A qhU }i Y inY


>{h[S R (hw}= RnA) }[eU }LnZU ngfL }L
L px}e_U

U nedcU
Y inY R qhU |w R nH{bY
i f_> nehR f_> ngi ng>]B
105

:nS dw dL }
x

}eL
ngUnS
d_U pUS
ng= hdL b= qS
}A

ng= ax aA
= }hQ
nT nY

nghbde = ^ L
}
ng_Yn=
T
nghR a][eU qf=
xn> U

i{L nR

nghYnA n
nY

}_i nfilR |U
U d_R nY gd_R qhU gUB L = ?{x
nehR }U { H

U }hZ> pedcU |w cU
hgx
U R S{[x
bU nT nY U phA}U

n hdL lR ph]U
fi U

nedcU YH U n= R gi U [>
R U ni nT
w OpeJnR pahdB y nY{fL A >nhA T
nT U
cU fY nfed _> |U U nT w }bU U pini

.A j=
Ax

O}w~U dL SU d^U Z= L }_> pedcU |w

oKm`YT zX |w|a=

w = px) qhU pLnaZU pHnfY Y }T R }[x


({hU)
LnR }h?j> ngU (phbhbA
.}a`eU pLnaZU phdeL R
w Y sU odJ w :TmT jT pT zh Q G zaQ
bH gx{U dU {fL n YnbY gU nLn= w RqhU
}h?jU R
dUn= }ZU n= Y

mR m?iQ
naZH H>
i SU R :
RqhU wj= Hi

dU Y od]i fR (m ^Qmh oXmgaT w m ^QmH < cG=


^? fcT) :bfR
.RqhU w Y ngd]i nfA n\S
Un_> inH dU n\S R dU U nin_aI gd_i hU g= a Zi nfi
106

R g_a Zx j= nhU dH
nhi }c
x dU nH dL nfA
SeU U gfehR n_U aL i}aQ R g_a Zx nL sA n\S
.pY}cU d>
sYni}U e cU phbhbA w = px
pLnaZU U f_Y hU
US { w dL }x nehR |gU pLnaZU phd_R
R = |Bjx nehR gU
.[ :nhi] a ` YX g Y A X v [ = d T ^ ` Yw
:Un_>

dUn= Hi
Un_> inH dU U Y R}fR Hi
nfi :bi i U|U
dUn= n T}I hU neU |w R A
Y gU dU _@ neY
gb= > R
inH dU Y ngd]> nei @nA od]> nefhA qijR .dU {hAU }g^Y w =
ne= U dU ngax cex U = Y n =n= hU
dU H _> Un_>
.()(fY inY |w .U Y U dU d_@
.()(phbhbA
w = px qhU) pLnaZU j= n x}[> fU
|w R

oKm`YT fQ mG

mG mdT v jT og^\R
oT i< o<mT G | X oKm`YT :

ogXG og<|T Q mv v mX mfdfQ dcdT

:
}a`Y B R }h> pLnaZUnR nwnf_Y egax U ngegR nH x|U _U

n_aZU p]H= U }a`x {S }InY cZ=


niU }a`x {S Un_> d U d U
nZx eU }a`x d U neT .pLnaZUn= gU x|U
n_aZUnR nZx Y |_x
_aZx {S pLnaZU sYni}= |Bjx j= gU d U nZx eU _aZx {S n \x
g>}h= }hx gde_= e_x w gLnaI nfhH i [x
{S eU

. {fU ()
. nhi pe[L R n_@}Y @ ()

107

i }eU
U _aZx Rpe .U aZx PfU U nS Y

nfw = g>
x cex pLnaZdU {Y
pLnaZU }_> nY .]

x neT pLnaZdU gR H |gR jH negY qdeL negY n adH pie\Y


[ :}L] H S p
^ G d @ :bx d UnR }a`eU g R _U
{=
nS bx {S .[ :{neU] mY w X { ^ w m Y w d T | ` _w :bx
x{U YkeU d]fx {=
hA R =
}a`x U o x U w U d U }a`x
gcaT me< g= T m QA c T A pg@ Y n@ pg@ Y B
<{^T
.pUjeU w |w .eK m`^T gcaT h{< g= T m?
c T

x|U kg= x ni _> ngi gR phYH ph=}U R pLnaZU nY


R {wn@ gi >nb> A
b> LnJ gi pLnaZU Un_> d U wn]L
? .f@ R p^LeU pecUn= fx U L hbhU wn> A dhH
d U wn]L n_aI nfw }_x nY{fL n@}U ni ]_> pLnaZU
pLnaI @ Y U }a`x inH ilR U R n Yni}= gU _@ pLnaZU R
.U h_RnZU



108

mbT mwX

............................................................................ pY{bY
.................................... hB U }a`eU dU Y QHY o d J
................................................................... Un=
{gx

............................................................Rnhi pe[L
.......................................................................}Y U
.........................................O}w~U ph[I R ph=}U YnL
..................................................... px}@
pxnhB
pe[_U

................................................................ ng= w

= qew
.................................................................... U> L
........................................................................ bY
.........................................................................pLnaZU
.................................................................phfxcU pxU
.................................................................. {bU n\bU
.................................................................. pxneU
hbU

.........................................................................}[U
.............................................................. O}w~U i
.......................................................... OpeJnR [Y
......................................................... O}w~U nYK
......................................................................... x}>
109

................................................................phfhU }n_ZU
................................................................... {x{ZU ]dU
............................................................. O}w~U nc=
................................................................... =}T ph[Y
................................................... QhU ph\S n[Y
cT [Q g@ zdX zgT ?|dT oX^T o@mdT owzmaK
......................................................................pe[_U
..................................................... QdL nY px
............................................................... O}w~U



110

mbT owv

HeU nhY :mbT zK

UnheU eY {hU :T zR

/w :T o^\T

pH{beU S -YL oceU :|HmeT

111

112

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