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La BIOLOGY POSTTEST Thymine makes up 32% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA. What percentage of the nucleotides, therefore, is guanine? A 36% Cc 18% B 32% D 16% A fire completely destroys an ecosystem, driving away all the organisms and burning all vegetation to the ground. What is the first organism that needs to return in order for the ecosystem to reestablish itself? A mountain lions B__ grasshoppers C birds D plants Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is true? A Nucleotides are made of a 5- carbon sugar, a nitrogen base, and a lipid. : B_ DNA and RNA are examples of nucleic acids that are rarely seen in living things. C Nucleic acids are made of repeating units called lipids D__ Nucleic acids store important information about cell division and the manufacturing of proteins. Which organelle shown in the picture above is used to transport compounds throughout the cell? A ribosome B endoplasmic reticulum C nucleus D_ mitochondrion In vascular plants, what is the purpose of vascular tissue? A to transport water and dissolved minerals throughout the plant B to transport sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant C to transport water and dissolved minerals from the leaves to the rest of the plant D__ to'transport excess water and minerals from the plant back to the ground Hemophilia is a recessive, sex- | linked trait. A healthy mother and | a hemophiliae father have a hemophiliac daughter. Which of the following statements is true? A Allof their children willbe hemophiliacs. B_ ‘None of their sons will be hemophiliacs. © They can have a healthy daughter who is not a carrier. D_ They can have a healthy son. What is the function of the nucleus? A control center of the cell and stores genetic information B_ contains enzymes to break down certain materials C site of ribosome synthesis D__ packages chromosomes to be moved into the cytoplasm Which organism would be found at the top of an energy pyramid? A alligator = C_—shrimp B_ bass D green algae 10. lL. Which of the following would be found in a prokaryotic cell? A mitochondria B_ ribosomes ET) C endoplasmic reticulum D_ golgi apparatus Which of the following is the best description of homeostasis? A the movement of materials into and out of a cell B the transport of molecules against the concentration gradient a a state of biological balance when the same number of molecules are inside and outside of the cell Which of the following is least likely affecting the state of a pond? A chemical fertilizer runoff from cropland manure runoff from cropland animal waste runoff from cattle and chickens D trash produced by a farmer and his family 12. Se 13. 14, What is the key difference between osmosis and diffusion? A _ Diffusion specifically refers to the movement of water across the cell membrane. B Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water across the cell membrane. C__ Diffusion occurs only in plants. Osmosis occurs only in plants. { ts \: Higher concentration of Substance moves substance inside cell out of cell What process is occurring in the picture above? A homeostasis C osmosis B active transport D diffusion A student observes an organism under a microscope and discovers that it is unicellular and does not have a nucleus. What kingdom does the organism belong to? A Plantae C Monera B Protista D~ Fungi ee 16. ‘A student is testing the efficiency of an enzyme. He performs the experiment without the presence of the enzyme and times the rate of reaction, He then repeats the experiment but uses the enzyme and again times the rate of reaction. His research indicated that the reaction should have occurred faster in the presence of the enzyme. His results indicate that the enzyme did not increase the rate of reaction. Which of the following is not a possible cause of these results? TE TEESE] A The temperature was too low for the enzyme to function properly. B Too much enzyme was present. C The temperature was too high, and the enzyme was denatured, D__ The pH of the experiment was incorrect and inhibited enzyme activity. Which of the following is the correct equation for photosynthesis? A CO, +H,0 + light ————> GH,,0, + 0, B 6CO, + 6H,O + light ————> C,H,0, + 60, C C,H,,0, + 60, ————> 6C0, + 6H,0 + energy D ©H,0, + 0, ————> CO, + H,0 + energy ‘A mother goose will approach her goslings and call to them as soon as they hatch. ‘This is how the goslings know which goose is their mother, and they will follow her from that point on. This process is a learned behavior called imprinting. What is most likely to happen to the goslings if the mother is not present when they hatch? A The goslings will remain in the nest and die. B_ One of the goslings will lead the rest of the group. C The goslings will attach themselves to the first moving object they see. D ‘The father will tend to the goslings. POSTTEST 18. 19. Bread rises as a result of yeast fermentation. How does fermentation cause the bread to rise? A Oxygen released during fermentation is trapped in the dough and causes the bread to rise. B Alcohol that is produced during fermentation and trapped in the dough causes the bread to increase in size. C Carbon dioxide that is released during fermentation and trapped in the dough causes the bread to rise. D_ Carbon dioxide and oxygen that are released during fermentation cause the dough to rise. Which of the following is one way that RNA is different from DNA? A RNA exists in four structural forms. B_ RNA contains deoxyribose rather than ribose. CRNA contains three strands of nucleotides. D_ RNA contains uracil rather than thymine. | 20. 21. 22, What type of pollination is most likely used by a plant that produces a large number of small seeds that are attached to feather- like structures? A insect Cc wind B_ water D_ self What can you state about the organisms Quercus alba and Quercus phellos by examining their names? A They are the same organism. B_ They are not related. C They are closely related. D They are distantly related. _ Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is true? A Carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. B_ The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is always 2:1. C_ There are four classes of carbohydrates. D_ Carbohydrates have a linear structure. 23. 24. Which of the following statements about asexual reproduction is true? A Asexual reproduction occurs only during meiosis. B Asexual reproduction occurs only in plants. C Asexual reproduction creates genetically different offspring. D Asexual reproduction occurs only during mitosis. A segment of DNA contains the bases GTATCAGG. What would be the complementary strand resulting from transcription? A. CATAGTCC B CAUAGUCC Cc cuTUGTCC D CATAUTCC 25. 26. Which of the following statements is true regarding chromosome number? A Sexual reproduction of individual cells causes an increase in the chromosome number. pTSTETS B Asexual reproduction of individual cells causes an increase in the chromosome number. C Sexual reproduction of individual cells causes a decrease in the chromosome number. D_ Asexual reproduction of individual cells causes a decrease in the chromosome number, What controls gene expression? A prions C codons B operons D_ exons aaa 27. 28. 29, What process is occurring in the picture above? A mitosis C fertilization B_ meiosis D pollination Ifall green plants were removed from an aquarium, what would most likely happen to the fish population? A Removing the plants would have no impact on the fish population. B__ The fish population would be stressed due to a decrease in dissolved oxygen. C The fish population would begin to reproduce because they would have more room. D__ The fish population would begin to die off due to a lack of food. Which statement about two offspring created as a result of sexual reproduction is true? A The offspring will be genetically identical to one of the parents. B__ The offspring will be genetically similar to both parents. C The offspring will have a different number of chromosomes than either of the parents. D__ The offspring will be genetically identical to one another. 30. 31 In a certain type of mouse, the phenotype gray is produced when a white mouse is crossed with a black mouse. This is an example of incomplete dominance. If two gray mice are crossed, what will be the phenotypes of the offspring? A 25% black, 50% gray, 25% white B 75% black, 25% white C 15% gray, 25% white D 75% white, 25% gray A new type of pesticide has been developed. Which of the following will be most helpful to the beetle population living where the pesticide is being tested? A genetic variation B speciation C overpopulation D__aneighboring field that is not being treated 32, A student is observing an unknown cell type through the microscope. She notes that the cells are somewhat square in shape and seem to have two outer layers surrounding them. She also notes a clearly defined circular shape inside the cell. Which type of cell is she most likely observing? PENT) A prokaryotic B_ eukaryotic C plant D animal ie 33. ho whoo x mudd Based on the pedigree shown above, how would you describe the mother (X)? A normal C affected B carrier D_ living 34. — RR | Rr | Rr rr What are the genotypes of the parents in this Punnett square? A RrXRr Co Rrxrr B RRXrr D RrxRR 35. In Swiss starlings, clutch size is typically around five eggs. Mortality is higher when the number of eggs laid is much higher or much lower than five. What type of selection is this an example of? A morphological selection stabilizing selection directional selection vow disruptive selection 36. 37. A lichen is a symbiotic relationship between what two types of organisms? A. fungi and bacteria B algae and fungi C algae and mold D fungi and mold Down syndrome is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, How would a karyotype identify a person with Down syndrome? A by identifying the physical characteristics of someone with the disease B__ by identifying parents as being carriers before they have children C by identifying the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 D__ by identifying chemical abnormalities in the blood 38. 39. In which type of habitat will allopatric speciation occur? A ina field where several types of animals-are competing for the same food source on a group of islands in a forest where the main food source has been eliminated D__inan area where animals of the same species do not frequently encounter one another Walruses live in the Arctic and have a thick fat layer. The ancestors of modern-day walruses might not have had such a thick layer. Over time, the walruses have probably changed. According to the theory of evolution by natural selection, what is the most likely reason that this change has probably occurred? A. The walruses wanted to adapt to the cold climate, so they learned to develop thicker fat layers B The walruses that had thicker fat layers were more apt to survive and live to reproduce. C The walruses inherited a thicker fat layer from their parents, D_ Each successive generation, more walruses have thicker fat layers. 48311804 a r | _ =| | ra 40. 41. 42. Scientists believe that four things needed to occur in order for life to begin. Which of the following things was not necessary? ‘A the formation of both simple and complex organic compounds * B__ the development of chemical reactions involved in growth, metabolism, and reproduction C the concentration of organic compounds D__ the development of a carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere ‘An organism has three independently assorting traits: ‘AaBbCe. How many possible combinations of the traits are there? A 8 Cc 24 B 16 D 32 When related species become dissimilar as they evolve, they are undergoing what type of evolution? A convergent evolution B coevolution C adaptive radiation D divergent evolution 43, 44. In the cross NNOOPP nnoopp, what would the genotype of the offspring be? A NNnnOOooPPpp B NnOoPp c NNOOPP D nnoopp Which of the following statements about disruptive selection is true? A Disruptive selection eliminates the extreme forms and favors intermediate forms. B__ Disruptive selection causes one phenotype to be replaced by another. C Disruptive selection causes an increase in the extreme forms and a decrease in the intermediate forms. D__ Disruptive selection is caused when humans specifically select organisms that exhibit a desired trait. — 45. 46. 47. 48. Which of the following statements about punctuated equilibrium is not true? A__ The fossil record does not support punctuated equilibrium, B_ Punctuated equilibrium suggests that new species appear suddenly after long periods of no change. CEOS) C The greatest change in a new species occurs when it first evolves from the parent species and then undergoes little change for the remainder of its existence. D__ The fossil record supports punctuated equilibrium. At which level of classification do organisms have the most in common? A kingdom C genus B class D_ phylum How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions? A by raising the activation energy B__ by lowering the activation energy C _ by becoming part of the reaction D by releasing proteins Which kingdom does this organism belong to? A Monera C Plantae B Protista D_ Animalia Ss 49. 50, BL What is the maximum number of amino acids that could be formed from a chain containing 36 nitrogenous bases? A 9 c 18 B 12 D 36 — . © a Me ai A B Cc D 1 a, wings covered by an exoskeleton... Go to 2 b. wings not covered by an exoskeleton. Go to 3 2. a. body has a round shape... Adalia b. body has an elongated shape ... .. Dissosteira 3. a. wings point out from the side of the body........... Odonata b. wings point toward the posterior of the body ........ Musca Use the taxonomic key provided to identify which genus insect D belongs to. A Odonata C Adalia B Musca D__ Dissosteira Which of the following organisms reproduces by external fertilization? A mammals B_ reptiles Cc birds D amphibians Which of the following is used for movement by single-celled protists? A contractile vacuole C gullet B_ mitochondria D flagella 53, 55, What are the four main types of | tissue in the human body? | A epithelial, connective, muscle, and heart B__ epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve C connective, muscle, nerve, and brain D__ muscle, nerve, brain, and skin All plants reproduce through a process called alternation of generations, What does alternation of generations mean? A. The plant alternates between being male and female. B_ The reproductive phases alternate between haploid and diploid. C Only every other generation of a plant is able to reproduce. D Plants alternate between using sexual and asexual reproduction. Which molecule is responsible for transporting amino acids to the ribosomes? A DNA © mRNA B tRNA D rRNA 56. 57. How does a virus reproduce? A mitosis outside of a host cell B_ meiosis after invading a host cell TEES] C by using the components of a host cell D_ binary fission Which of the following statements about viruses is true? A All viruses cause disease. B Viruses must be independent of a living host in order to reproduce. C Viruses are protein capsules that contain either DNA or RNA. D__ Because viruses are living, they can be treated with antibiotics. POSTTEST - 59. When measuring water in a graduated cylinder, how do you read the volume in order to obtain the most accurate measurement? A Look down into the cylinder and read the volume at the top of the meniscus. B__ Place the cylinder at eye level and read the volume at the top of the meniscus. C Look down into the cylinder and read the volume at the bottom of the meniscus. D__ Place the cylinder at eye level and read the volume at the bottom of the meniscus. Which of the following health problems is least likely to be influenced by both genetics and external factors including, but not limited to, diet and environment? A heart disease B brain cancer C high cholesterol D_ diabetes 60. 61. 62. The alpha male of the pack has his choice of food, territory, and mate. Any male that violates the rules and tries to take these will be fought. What type of behavior is this an example of? A instinctual behavior B social behavior C learned behavior D altruistic behavior What is the maximum number of ATP molecules produced by aerobie respiration? A 32 C 36 B34 D 38 Many mammal infants are born with the instinct to suckle. If a mammal is not born with this instinct, what will most likely happen to the infant? A It will eventually develop the instinct to suckle. B_ The mother will teach it to suckle, C The animal will die because it will not be able to feed. D_ The animal will find another source of food. Use this diagram of the food web to answer questions 63 and 64. Ge Se MY Mountain lion ay po a \. /* e Nig wt EN) Deer ‘ Grasshopper Plants 63. What is the relationship between the bird and the frog? A competition C predator/prey B symbiosis =D mutualism 64. Which organism directly affects both the mountain lion and snake populations? A deer C plants B bird D frog 65. In what way do lipids differ from other organic molecules? A Their ratio of C, H, and O is 1:2:1 B They do not dissolve in water. C They store energy. D ‘They form structural and functional compounds that are important to cells. ee 66. 67. 68. A couple has four daughters and no sons. If the couple has another child, what is the probability that the fifth child will be a girl? A 5% Cc 15% B 50% D 100% Which word would be on the bottle ofa chemical that can destroy living tissue and is dangerous to the touch? A poisonous B toxic C caustic D_ flammable A pond is supporting a large fish community. The addition of any more fish will cause a food shortage that will be detrimental to the fish population. What has the pond reached? A _ biotic potential B_ density-dependent population C carrying capacity D__ logistic growth 69. 70, What is the cell membrane composed of? A. lipids B__ proteins C proteins and starch D lipids and proteins ‘The clownfish makes its home inside the tentacles of the sea anemone. The tentacles, which are poisonous to most other organisms, provide protection for the clownfish. ‘The sea anemone will feed on scraps that are not eaten by the clownfish, What type of relationship do the clownfish and sea anemone have? A commensalism B parasitism C mutualism D symbiosis 72. EOS] What is the main source of carbon dioxide for the plants in the aquarium shown above? A. the air that enters the water through the open aquarium top B the snail > the green plants D the fish Which process occurs during asexual reproduction? A. crossing-over between homologues B mutation C separation of homologous pairs of chromosomes D separation of sister chromatids POSTTEST 73. Which of the following is not an example of secondary succession? A growth of lichens on a rock outerop B__ growth of grasses in an area that has been clear-cut C the progression from marsh to meadow D growth of a scrub-shrub habitat on an abandoned farm | A small pond is located at the edge of a large farm. The farmer grows several crops and raises cattle and chickens. Over time, the farmer notices that an increased amount of vegetation is growing in and around the pond. He also notices that the water is becoming cloudier and there is an increased amount of algae on the surface of the pond. What word best describes the pond? A oligotrophic B_ eutrophic | C_ mesotrophic D__ biotrophic 75. 76. A plant cell is placed into a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell? A Water will flow out of the cell and cause the cell to wilt. B_ Water will flow into the cell and cause the cell to burst. C Water will flow into the cell and cause the cell to become turgid. D_ Water will flow in and out of the cell, but the size of the cell will not change. You are given a data table that shows the percentages of different types of crops grown on a farm. What would be the best way to graph data? A bargraph —C_scatterplot B piechart D__ line graph 78, 79. 1950 2000 {ea a [{ (73%) (39%) es \ 3 \ ) Coal — + Natural gas a \ oil (30%) A (19%) el (21%) by Natural gas |S Hydroelectric be Hydroelectric (5%) Nuclear (7%) a%) (5%) Based on the graphs shown, what do you think a graph for the year 2050 would look like? A The use of nonrenewable resources will decrease, and the use of renewable resources will increase. B_ The use of coal will increase because the amount of accessible coal will have increased. C The use of fossil fuels will increase. The use of oil will continue to increase because it is a renewable resource. What is the correct way to heat a test tube containing a liquid? A. wearing goggles and pointing the test tube toward you so you can see when the liquid comes to a boil not wearing goggles and pointing the test tube away from you C wearing goggles and pointing the test tube away from you not wearing goggles and pointing the test tube toward you so you can see when the liquid comes to a boil Which of the following most accurately describes a food web? ‘A _ It shows how energy is passed from one organism to another. B It usually consists of three or four organisms. C It is a series of overlapping food chains. D It contains only consumers. La eee te —. 80. 81. Researchers are testing a new drug. One-half the participants are given the drug, and the remaining participants are given a placebo. Which phrase describes the people taking the placebo? A independent variable B dependent variable C control group D test group A student wants to do a science fair project to test the effects of different liquids on plant growth. Why does her teacher tell her that she needs to have three plants for each liquid that she is testing? A to provide adequate replication B__ to provide a control for each liquid C to provide enough dependent variables D__ to provide enough plants to put them into different rooms 82. 83. Which of the following diseases would most likely be passed genetically? A cancer B autism C hemophilia D_ dyslexia What would be the best piece of equipment to measure 0.25 g of iron powder? A triple-beam balance B_ teaspoon C electronic balance D 10 ml graduated cylinder 84, 85. 86. Pressure of a Confined Gas as the Temperature Changes 1000 2 iS 900 eB E = é Fd © 800 BA 2 Ka 8 8 700 é 600 o 10 2 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 What can you infer by extrapolating the line of the graph? A B Cc D ‘The pressure at 100°C will be approximately 950 torr. ‘The pressure at 100°C will be approximately 975 torr. ‘The pressure at 100°C will be approximately 1000 torr. The pressure at 100°C will be approximately 900 torr, How can you identify the dependent variable in an experiment? A B iC D It is something that is kept the same for every subject in the experiment. It is what you are measuring. It is controlled by the person designing the experiment, It never changes. Renewable resources can be replaced by nature within a lifetime. Which of the following is a renewable resource? A oil C coal B hydroelectric D natural gas ia ae ; 87. You are writing a formal paper to submit with your science fair project. Which of the following would most likely be the first section of your paper? A hypothesis B conclusion C . results D__ statement of the problem 88. Which of the following is an example of PPE (personal protective equipment)? A open-toed shoes B fire extinguisher C | lab coat or apron D safety shower

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