Hameed Akhtar

Technologies Used For Ammonia

Synthesis
There are two major technologies
being used for ammonia converters
which are

Haldor Topse
For more than 60 years, Topse has
been the main supplier of catalysts
and technology for the ammonia
industry.
Today, Topses ammonia synthesis
technology is based on radial flow
converters where the synthesis of
ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen
takes place

Benefits
100% radial flow through the catalyst beds to obtain a low pressure drop
and higher conversion with small sized high activity catalyst particles
Indirect cooling of the gas in the heat exchangers between the catalyst
beds instead of quenching to achieve maximum conversion
Total converter feed flow passes through all beds fully utiliz-ing the total
installed catalyst volume
Stable operation with high flexibility in operating range
Optimized temperature control
Excellent flow distribution
Easy installation and start-up

Topse S-200 Converter

Topse was the first technology licensor to introduce
the multi-bed radial flow converter design, thereby
improving conversion per pass compared to known
technology.
The Topse S-200 ammonia synthesis converter is a
two-bed Radial flow converter
It has indirect cooling between the catalyst beds.
Since the introduction of the S-200 converter type in
1976, it has been used in more ammonia plants than
any other converter design,

Topses S-300 Converter

Topses S-300 converter is the latest development
in Topses ammonia converter portfolio and is the
recommended converter design for all new plants.
Compared to the S-200 converters, the presence of
three catalyst beds offers higher conversion into
ammonia and hence increased production
efficiency. Alternatively, the catalyst volume can be
reduced, which lowers investment costs compared
to the previous generation of converter design.