WEEK 1

Curriculum & Instruction

EDU555
En. Muhamad Furkan Mat Salleh
Fakulti Pendidikan
Universiti Teknologi MARA

In this course, you will learn about:

What is curriculum
Curriculum development
Curriculum in Malaysian schools
Course design
What is instruction
Teaching and learning
Microteaching

Curriculum
The word Curriculum originates from the Latin word
currere which means a race course

Curriculum is commonly defined as a plan of study

For example:
KSSR or Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah is a plan of
study for Malaysian Primary school for a period of 6 years.
KBSM or Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah is a
plan of study for Malaysian Secondary school for a period
of 5 years
The B. Sc Ed (Biology/Physics) Curriculum is a plan of
study for a period of 4 years in order to obtain the B. Sc
Ed (Bio/Phy) degree.

Instruction
Refers to the process of giving instruction in a
classroom through the process of teaching and
learning.
Instruction thus, is the process of implementing the
curriculum through the process of teaching and
learning by using various approaches, methods and
technique.
According to Saylor (1981), instruction is the actual
engagements of learners with planned learning.
As such, curriculum is often associated with
instruction.

Definition of Curriculum

Curriculum has been defined differently by different

people according to the purposes and functions.
The following are some definitions of curriculum:
a course of study Dressel
a plan for providing sets of learning opportunities for
persons to be educated - Saylor et al., 1981
An organized set of formal education and/or training
intentions- David Pratt
a plan of learning Taba, 1962

Definition of
Curriculum
Jon Wiles and Joseph Bondi view curriculum as a
four-step plan involving
purposes, design, implementation and
assessment.
a total instructional program composed of
syllabus or individual course programs Bowen
A general over-all plan of the content or
specific materials of instruction that the school
should offer the student by way of qualifying
him for graduation or certification for entrance
into a professional or vocational field - Good

Definition of Curriculum
Ministry of Education, Malaysia according to Akta
Pendidikan 1996
Satu program pendidikan yang termasuk
kurikulum dan kegiatan ko-kurikulum yang
merangkumi semua pengetahuan, kemahiran,
norma, nilai, unsur kebudayaan, dan
kepercayaan untuk membantu perkembangan
seseorang murid dengan sepenuhnya dari segi
rohani, jasmani, mental dan emosi serta untuk
menyampaikan pengetahuan.

Definition of
Curriculum

Based on the various definitions given, a

curriculum consists of:

A plan which is documented

Consisting of a set of objectives
A list of contents and learning experiences
Suggested method of teaching or instruction
A process of evaluation or assessment methods

Curriculum and
Instruction
The word curriculum is often associated with
instruction, where:
Curriculum refers to the plan or document.
Instruction refers to the methods of presenting or
implementing the curriculum content or plan.

For the purpose of instruction, curriculum can be further subdivided as follows:

CURRICULUM

SYLLABUS

SCHEME
OF
WORK

LESSON
PLAN

A plan of study consisting of one or more

course(s) or subject(s)

A plan for a particular course or subject

A detailed outline of the syllabus, divided into

weeks, sessions, or hours etc.

A plan for a particular lesson or instruction

Curriculum and Instruction in Malaysian Schools

CURRICULUM

SYLLABUS

SCHEME
OF
WORK

LESSON
PLAN

Plan of studies (KSSR, KBSM)

Based on National Education Philosophy (NEP)
Developed by Curriculum Development Division
(CDD)
Documented for the various subjects
Supported with Huraian Sukatan Pelajaran (HSP)
Consisting of Topics and Sub-topics and details
for teaching and learning
Planned according to school year and
organized by weeks

Planned by teachers for each lesson by

referring to the Scheme of Work

Curriculum and Instruction in Malaysian IHL

CURRICULUM

Planned by the respective institution

Based on the Philosophy, Vision and Mission

SYLLABUS

Documented for the various subjects or course

Consisting of Topics and Sub-topics and details
for teaching and learning

SCHEME
OF
WORK

Planned according to semester and organized

by weeks 14 weeks for each semester

LESSON
PLAN

Planned by lecturers for each lesson by

referring to the Scheme of Work

EDUCATION SYSTEM IN MALAYSIAN SCHOOLS

MINISTRY
OF EDUCATION

Centralized, top-down system

Standardized curriculum prepared by
CDD

JPN

PENGARAH PENDIDIKAN NEGERI

Primary School
Secondary School

PPD

PEGAWAI PENDIDIKAN DAERAH

Primary School
Secondary School

SCHOOL

PENGETUA, GURU BESAR, GURU

PENOLONG KANAN, KETUA PANITIA

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
DIVISION(CDD)

To prepare and develop the school curriculum

To disseminate and implement the curriculum
To oversee the implementation of curriculum
To prepare the supporting materials
To evaluate the curriculum development
process

Important Departments at
MoE
BPG Bahagian Pendidikan Guru or Teacher Education
Division. Responsible for the training of school teachers.
BSS Bahagian Sekolah-sekolah or Schools Division.
Responsible for the placement of teachers in schools and
related services.
LPM Lembaga Peperiksaan Malaysia or Malaysian
Examination Syndicate. Responsible for centralized
examination.
UTP Unit Teknologi Pendidikan or Educational Technology
Division. Resource center for educational technology
services.
BBT Biro Buku Teks or Textbook Bureau. Responsible for
School Textbooks. (SPBT Skim Pinjaman Buku Teks)
BPPDP Bahagian Perancangan dan Penyelidikan Dasar
Pendidikan or Educational Planning and Research Division
(EPRD)

THANK YOU