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(N l s vng dy ca khung)
W=
4. Mt nng lng t:
etc = -L
1
LI2
2
I
t
B 2V
4 .k
A = I.
B
i
a
D
Li gii
a
ch nht ABNM qua MN. V l do i xng
ln r 0 ln
Thay i = 4,5.t2 10.t vo
ba
2 r
2
2
ba
b a
biu thc ca t thng ta c
b
a
0 (ln
)(4,5.t 2 10.t )
2
ba
Sut in ng cm ng trn khung ti thi im t l
b
d
a
0 (ln
)(9t 10)
dt
2
ba
Ti thi im t = 3 s th sut in ng c ln 0,598.10 V
b. Ti thi im t = 3 s th dng in i i qua dy dn MN ang tng
theo thi gian t tc B ang tng. Theo nh lut Len-x th dng in
cm ng ic i trong khung dy ABCD phi c chiu sao cho chng li s
tng
ca B trong khung ABCD, ngha l n phi sinh ra t trng cm
2
2
2
4t bydy 4t b ydy 4t b(
0
y2
)
2
2b 3 t 2
0
d
4b 3 t
dt
v
a
b
r
i
Li gii
a. T trng B gy ra bi dng in thng i khong cch r l: B
T thng gi qua khung dy l:
BdS
b
a
0i
2r
b
a
0i
i dr
i
ia 2r b
drdx dx 0
a 0 ln r
0 ln(
).
2r
2
2
r
b
b 2 r
b
0
r
r
a
v
0 (
)
dt
dr dt
dr
2 2r b 2r b (4r 2 b 2 )
Cng dng in cm ng ic i qua khung dy l:
2 0 abvi
ic
R R (4r 2 b 2 )
0 I
vtdx
2x
I
P
d
x
ln
= d
2
x0
x
N vt
0 Iv x0 l
ln
2
x
0
Sut in ng cm ng c ln: c = // =
V cc ca ngun c du: N m, M dng.
Mch h
UMN = c =
x l
0 Iv x0 l
=2.10-7Iv ln 0
ln
2
x0
x0
0 I
Icdx
2x
X 0 l
dF =
X0
Ic = c / R = 6,6.10-5 (A)
0 I
X l
I c ln 0
2
X0
x0 l
= 2,9.10-10 (N)
x
0
Hay F = 2.10-7I.Ic ln
Xc nh im t ca
F .Gi
s G l im t ca
F .
X0
GM = XG
+ B
l
0 I
XGF = XdF =
Icl => XG = ln X 0 l = 1,82 (cm)
2
X0
X0
X 0 l
F'
cn bng vi lc t
F= 2,9.10-10N v t ti G
l
(2 )r
S
S
r 2
(0,24) 2
0,15
4,32.10 3. (Wb) 4,32. mW
2
2
d
d
4,32.10 3
4,32.10 3 4,32.10 3 t
dt
dt
Vi
4,32.10 3 t
1,271t
3
R 3,4.10 ( 2 )
2
1
t 2 t
2
tm gi tr cc i icmax ca ic ta ph tnh
dic
2
d 2( 2) 2
Ta c
dic
d
0
2
dic
d
Vy khi = 2 rad th ic t gi tr cc i.
d. Cng dng in cm ng cc i trong mch
Thay = 2 rad vo biu thc ca dng in cm ng ta c
icMax 1,271. 2
1,271 2.12.2
2,2 A
( 2 2)
2
BM =
a
d
M
O2
O1
kI
x
kIa.dx
x
O1
O2
e = - =
kIa d .sin(t )
d a 2 2da cos(t )
kIa 2 d 2
.
[d 2 a 2 2da cos(t )]2
2
( d 2 a 2 ).cos t 2ad
2ad
d 2 a2
2ad
th vn k ch gi tr tuyt i cc i tc thi ca in p
d 2 a2
m 2 m
v (v dv) 2 dQ mvdv
2
2
(1)
B 2 (1 x) 2 b 2 v 2 dt B02 (1 2 ) 2 b 2 v 2 dt
E
dQ I 2 Rdt 0
R
R
R
T (1) v (2) ta c:
Rmvdv B02 (1 2x)b 2 v 2 dt
(2)
(3)
Gi v1 l vn tc ca khung khi bt u khung nm trn trong t trng ta c:
mv02
v
mv02
mv12
Q
v1 0
Q
trong
4
2
2
2
v0
2 B02 b 3
( 2 2) B02 b 3
mv0
mv0 ( 2 1)
(*)
dQ
(4)
( 2 1)
2b
2 1 2b 2
2 1
2
2
b
b
( 2 2) B02 b 3
2 1
Vy
v
mv0
2b
s s1 b
d a
0 I 0
2r
0 I 0b
Ib
a
dr 0 0 ln(1 ) 0
2r
2
d
d
,
dt
ec
d dq
d
dq
ly tch phn 2 v ta c:
R
Rdt dt
R
0
0 0 0 0 I 0b
a
q
ln(1 )
R
R
R
2R
d
in cm ng i
t
); ec '
t
ec
I b
'
a
0 0 ln(1 ) = hng s
R
R
2Rt
d
0b
0b
0 ab
Ii
Ii
Ii
2d
2 (d a)
2d (d a)
)
dt
ln(1 )
0
2
4 d ( d a ) 2 R
d
2d ( d a ) 0
t
0
Bi 9: Mt thanh c chiu di L chuyn ng vi tc
i
khng i v dc theo hai thanh ray dn in nm ngang.
H thng ny c t trong t trng ca mt dng in a
thng di, song song vi thanh ray cch thanh ray mt
on a, c cng dng in I chy qua. Cho v =5 m/s, L
v
a = 10 mm, L = 10 cm v I = 100 A.
a. Tnh sut in ng cm ng trn thanh.
b. Tnh cng dng in cm ng trong mch. Bit rng in tr ca thanh l 0,4
v in tr ca hai thanh ray v thanh ngang ni hai u thanh ray bn phi l khng ng
k.
c. Tnh tc sinh nhit trong thanh.
d. Phi tc dng ln thanh mt lc bng bao nhiu duy tr chuyn ng ca n.
e. Tnh tc cung cp cng t bn ngoi ln thanh.
Li gii
a. Sut in ng cm ng =
d
dt
iv a L
d
0 ln
dt
2
a
0i a L
ln
vdt
2
a
0,6 mA.
R
dQ
Ric2 0,1437.10 6 W.
dt
V dr vung gc vi B nn suy ra
aL
ii dr 0 iic a L
idr
F dF 0 c
ln
dF ic drB ic 0
2r
2 r
2
a
a
-9
Thay s vo ta c F=28,75.10 N.
Vy duy tr chuyn ng cho thanh ta phi tc dng ln thanh mt ngoi lc bng lc t
tc dng ln thanh F = 28,75.10-9 N.
e. Tc cung cp cng t bn ngoi chnh l cng sut ca ngoi lc F
dW
Fdx
F .v 0,1437.10 6 W
dt
dt
.
B
Li gii:
Xt ti thi im t, t thng qua vng xuyn: = r 2 . sin .Bocos t
Sut in ng cm ng xut hin trong vng xuyn l: e=- = r 2 Bo .sin .sin t
Ta c th coi nh trong vng xuyn c mt ngun c s bng e, in tr trong bng 0 ang
cung cp in cho mt mch ngoi gm in tr thun R ni tip vi cun thun cm L
Eo
r 2 Bo.sin
Cng dng in cc i qua mch l: Io = 2
=
R 2 L2
R 2 2 L2
lch pha ca i vi e l e / i :
sin e / i =
R 2 2 L2
r 2 Bo.sin
R 2 2 L2
. sin( t - e / i )
2
o
2
iB r cos .dt =
o
2 r 4 Bo 2
R 2 2 L2
1
T
r 2 Bo
R L
2
2 2
1
T
2
o
2 r 4 Bo 2
R 2 2 L2
Bi 11: Mt khung dy dn phng, hnh vung cnh a, khi lng m, khng bin dng, in
tr R. Khung curnm ngang t cao h 0 vi vn tc v0 (Hnh 4) trong vng c t trng
vi cm ng t B c hng khng i, ln ph thuc vo cao h theo quy lut
B B0 k .h , vi k l hng s, k 0 .
10
ur
u
r
B
u
u
r
v0
a. Tnh tc cc i m khung t c.
b. Khi khung ang chuyn ng vi tc cc i v
cnh di ca khung cch mt t mt on h 1 th mi hn ti
mt nh ca khung b bung ra (khung h). B qua mi lc
cn. Xc nh hng ca vn tc ca khung ngay trc khi chm t.
Li gii:
a. Tc cc i:
- Chiu dng in cm ng (hnh v).
u
u
r
F1
Ic
u
r
B
+
uu
r
F3
uu
r
F4
uu
r
F2
mgvz max t RI 2 t
I
Ec
R
a 2 B a 2 k z a 2 kvz
Rt
Rt
R
2
ka 2 vz
mgR
mgvzmax t
Rt vzmax k 2 a 4
R
mgR
v 2 4 v02
k a
Gc hp bi vn tc v phng ngang l:
2
mgR
2 4 2 gh1
'
vz
k a
tan
v0
v0
11
c
Ft
v2
ic
b
a
Ft
e1 e2
iC = 2 R r r = 2,5 (A)
1
2
v2
ic
b
v1l1B1 v2l2 B2
2 R r1 r2
v l B v2l2 B2
Ft=ma=il2B2= 1 1 1
.l2B2
2 R r1 r2
i = 2 R r r =
1
2
m.( 2 R r1 r2 ) dv2
=v1l1B1 -l2B2v2
l2 B2
dt
T c th tnh qung ng m thanh i c sau khong thi gian t =... hoc
tnh v2.
@ Ch : Gii phng trnh vi phn bc nht.
x kx = 0
dx
= kx
dt
dx
= kdt
x
xo
dx
= k dt
x
to
+ Tr li bi ton:
m.( 2 R r1 r2 ) dv2
=v1l1B1 -l2B2v2
l2 B2
dt
t :
Vy:
(vi k= -
ln
= k(t-t0) x = xo e
x0
m.( 2 R r1 r2 )
)
l22 B22
dx
dv2=
B2l2
B22l22
(t k= )
m( 2 R r1 r2 )
12
k (t t 0 )
m.( 2 R r1 r2 ) dv2
=v1l1B1 -l2B2v2
l2 B2
dt
m.( 2 R r1 r2 )
T :
ur
B
1
r.
2
1 2
r dt. Sut in ng cm ng xut hin
2
B.dS 1 2
trn bn knh a l: e=
= Br
dt
2
dt.R =
2R
a
r
r
a
= I.
2
r
2 4
Br
mgr
4R
a=
I
mr
r
Tr Ft.
(3)
=....
a
r
Tr Ft.
r
a
- kF.r = I.
2
r
13
(3)
a=
mgr
B 2 r 4
kF .r
4R
I
mr
r
mD
in tr dy: R=
L
DL2
=
S
M
Gi din tch vng dy l S V th sut in ng xut hin trong khung l ln nht khi khung
c t vung gc vi cc ng sc t v c ln l: e= SV .
Dng in trong khung c gi tr cc i: Io=
Eo
S B
= V o
R
R
dB
= -SV. Bosin( t)
dt
L2
Vy Io s c gi tr ln nht c th nu khung c un thnh vng trn SVmax= . 2
4
Bo M
Iomax=
4 D
Sut in ng trn dy l: e=
d
Bl 2 g .1
=
dt
2 l
Hiu in th t lc l: U=e=
Bl 2 g .1
2 l
(1)
14
t gim dn. Khi con lc ln cao nht, vn tc dy bng 0, sut in ng trn dy bng hiu
in th t bng 0.
Vy t VTCB n v tr gc lch cc i 2 nng lng t gim dn chuyn thnh nhit ta
ra trn dy dn. Theo bo ton nng lng ta c:
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
mgl 1 = Q+ mgl 2 = mgl 2 + CU2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4m(1 2 )
T (1) v (2) suy ra: C=
B 2l 212
(2)
Bi 16 : Mt thanh dn in c chiu di l,
mgR sin
B 2 l 2 cos 2
d
dx
Bl
cos Bvl cos
dt
dt
Bvl cos
R
R
FB ic l B
c ln FB ic lB sin ic lB
nn chu tc dng ca
B 2 l 2 v cos
R
FB
P, FB , N .
Hp lc tc dng
B 2 l 2 v cos 2
R
15
B 2 l 2 vmax cos 2
mgR sin
vmax 2 2 2 (PCM)
0= 0 mg sin
R
B l cos
dt
dx
v max nn
dt
dh
dt
l tc gim th nng hp dn ca
2
B 2 l 2 vmax
cos 2
R
Ric R
1 sin
)
cos
Bv sin
I
R r (1 sin )
R r (OM ON MN ) 2rvt (
16
B H
N
y
OH
vt
OM ON
cos cos
M
x
B H
N
y
t0
B 2 v 2 sin 2 0
1 sin
Q dQ I Rdt 2
2rvt (
)dt
2
cos
r (1 sin ) 0
0
2
B 2 v 3 sin 2
t 02
r (1 sin ) cos
=> Q
vi to = Lcos /v
d
dz
a 2 k
a 2 kv z vi vz l thnh phn ca vn
dt
dt
B H
N
y
a 2 kv z
I
v c chiu nh hnh v (khi khung chuyn ng
R
R
F = F3 F1 = (B3 B1)Ia = k ( z3 z1 )
( do z3 z1) = a ).
R
R
Lc F c hng ln trn.
Theo nh lut II Newton ta c:
P F = 0 (ti thi im khung c vn tc khng i v)
=> mg
k 2 a 4vz
R
=> v z
mgR
k 2a4
ln ca vn tc l: v v v => v v02 v z2
Bi 19: Dc
trn hai thanh kim loi t song song nm ngang, khong
N
cch gia chng l l, c mt thanh trt MN, khi lng m c th trt
khng
ma st. Cc thanh c ni vi mt in tr R v t trong mt
R
B
t trng uvoc vc t cm ng t B thng ng vung gc vi mt
phng khung.
Bit on dy MN trt vi vn tc u v o nh hnh v.
M
Tm biu thc cng dng in I chy qua R.
0
17
Li gii
MN chuyn ng trong t trng, ct cc ng cm ng t, nn hai u ca thanh
xut hin mt sut in ng cm ng E C = Blv, do c dng in i qua R ng thi xut
hin lc t F = iBl cn tr chuyn ng nn vn tc ca MN gim v ti 0.
EC Bvl
B 2l 2v
=> F
R
R
R
C I
N
B
R
2 2
2 2
F
dv
B l v
dv
B l
dt
=>
m
dt
mR
v
mR
v
vo
i
M
dv
B 2l 2
B 2l 2t
v
dt
ln
v
=> v v0 exp(
l2
d
2
d
dS
Bl 2 d
Bl 2
B
dt
dt
2 dt
2
Cng sut ta nhit trn R (chnh l cng sut ca mmen cn chuyn ng quay ca
thanh): P
e 2 B 2 l 4 2
R
4R
4R
Mt khc: P M c
M
B 2 l 3 0,2
l
4R
R
18
B
L
VO
mch in:
Khi
in
in
tch:
1
q CE b 2 BC .
2
Cng
i
dng
in
d 1 2
b B
dt
2
trong
mch:
(
+
)
dq 1 2
b BC .
dt
2
1
2
M B FB .
1
mgb b 4 B 2 C mb 2
4
mgb
0
1 4 2
2
mb b B C
4
mgb
1
, ta vit li phng trnh trn nh sau:
mb 2 b 4 B 2 C
4
2 0
2
.
A cos t
A sin t
19
Ti thi im ban u: 0 0, 0
V0
0
b
Acos 0
2
V0
A sin b 0 A V0
b
V0
cos t
b
2
1
mV02
2
u
r
B
Mmen lc t tc dng ln a:
.
2
2
- Phng trnh LH vit cho chuyn ng quay ca a:
20
1 2 d BIr 2
m
M mr
dt
d
2
dt
2
BI
0
0
m
8, 4s.
BI
b. Khi a quay u. Cng lc t thc hin khi a quay gc d :
r
BIr 2
dA Fds F d
d Id .
2
2
Br 2
d l t thng m bn knh ab qut c khi bnh xe quay gc d .
Trong d
2
dA dA
dA BIr 2
P
0, 2355W
- Cng sut:
d
dt
d
2
.
Sut in ng cm ng: C
dt
2
Br 2
0,04A
Dng in cm ng: I C
R
2R
Khi dng in cm ng chy dc theo bn knh s lm xut hin lc t tc dng ln a. Theo
nh lut Lentz, lc t s cn tr chuyn ng quay ca bnh xe. Mun bnh xe quay u,
r BIr 2
5.105 Nm
phi tc dng ln bnh xe mt mmen c ln: M F
2
2
2
-3
- Cng sut ta nhit trn in tr R: P = I R = 1,6.10 W.
t
r2
0 1 2
2R
u
r
B
in th khng i U.
a. Tm cng dng in chy qua hnh tr.
b. Tm cm ng t ti im M cch trc hnh tr on x.
c. Ngt hnh tr khi ngun, sau a vo trong mt t trng ng nht hng
dc theo trc ca hnh tr v bin i theo thi gian theo quy lut B = kt. Xc nh cng
dng in cm ng xut hin trong hnh tr.
Li gii
21
dS
r2
1
2 rdr
2R
1 2 rdr
dR 0l
2R
- Cng dng in chy qua khi tr c bn knh r < R l:
r
2 U
r2
Ur 2
r 2
Ir
1
rdr
(1)
2
0l 0
2 R 2
0l
4R
3 UR 2
4 0l
Bdl 0 I
(c)
Ux 2
x2
- Trng hp x < R : B.2 x 0 I x 0
1 2
0l
4R
Ux
x2
B 0
1
2 0l
4 R 2
- Trng hp x > R:
3 UR 2
3 UR 2
B.2 x 0 I 0
B 0
4 0l
8 0lx
c. T thng gi qua din tch mi ng tr: kt. r 2
2
- Sut in ng cm ng xut hin trong mi ng c ln: ' t k r
1 2 dr
dR
0l
2R
- Cng dng in cm ng ton phn trong khi tr l:
R
2 k 2 3
r2
I
r
1
dr
0l 0
2 R 2
Thc hin php tnh tch phn tm c: I
k 2 R 4
3 0l
22
Bi 24: Mt thanh kim loi OA khi lng m, chiu di a c th quay t do quanh trc
thng ng Oz. u A ca thanh ta trn mt vng kim loi hnh trn, tm O, bn knh a,
t c nh nm ngang. u O ca thanh v mt im ca vng kim loi c ni vi in
tr thun R, t in C, kho K v ngun in E to thnh
z
r
mch in nh hnh v. H thng c tur trong mt t u
trng u, khng i c vc t cm ng t B hng thng B
A
ng ln trn. B qua in tr ca OA, im tip xc, vng
dy v ca ngun in. B qua hin tng t cm, mi ma
O
st v lc cn khng kh. Ban u K m, t in C cha tch
R
in.Ti thi im t = 0 ng kho K.
a. Thit lp h thc gia tc gc ca thanh OA
C
v in tch q ca t in sau khi ng kho K.
b. Tm biu thc v q theo thi gian t. Cho bit
mmen qun tnh ca thanh OA i vi trc quay Oz bng
K
E
1
dy
m.a 2 . Cho nghim ca phng trnh vi phn
ay d
3
dx
d
ax
vi y = y(x) (d v a l hng s) c dng y A.e .
a
Li gii
a. Sau khi ng K c dng in trong mch tch in cho t. Khi thanh OA ch tc dng
ca lc in t, lm thanh quay quanh trc Oz. Khi thanh quay, trn thanh sut hin sut
in ng cm ng. Gi i l dng in chy qua thanh OA. Lc in t dF tc dng ln
on dr ca thanh l Bidr.
Mmen lc t tc dng ln thanh l:
a
M Bir.dr=iB
0
a2
2
d
a2
1
d
a2
iB ma 2
iB
dt
2
3
dt
2
Suy ra: d
3B
dq
2m
(1)
d
Ba 2
Suy ra EC
dt
2
p dng nh lut m: E EC = uC + Ri
23
3B
2mq
(2)
Suy ra: E
Ba 2 q
dq
R
2
C
dt
(3)
dq
q
3 B 2 a 2C
E
(1
)
T (2) v (3) :
dt RC
4m
R
t0
RC
E
3B 2 a 2C v I 0
1
R
4m
T (4) ta tm c: q Q e
0
t
t0
(4)
(5)
I 0 t0
t0
q
I
t
1
Vy ta c:
0 0
t
3BI 0t0
t0
1 e
Theo (2)
2m
C. BI TP T GII
Bi 25: T mt dy dn c chiu di l = 2m v in tr R = 4, ngi ta
hn li thnh mt hnh vung. Ti cc cnh ca hnh vung ngi ta mc
hai ngun in c sut in ng E1 = 10V v E2 = 8V theo hnh 8. Mch
ur
B
24
Bi 27: Trong hnh bn, mn v xy l hai bn kim loi t vung gc vi mt phng hnh v
v song song vi nhau, chiu di cc bn rt ln. Trong khong gia hai bn c t trng
u B=0,8T vung gc vi mt phng hnh v v hng v pha sau. Thanh kim loi nh ab
di L=0,2m, in tr Ro=0,1 lun lun tip xc vi hai bn kim loi v c th chuyn
ng khng ma st trong mt phng hnh v. R1
v R2 l hai in tr c gi tr R1=R2=3,9 , t
a
c in dung C=10 F
n
m
a. Khi ab chuyn ng sang phi vi vn
tc u v=2m/s th ngoi lc tc dng ln n c
R
chiu no, ln bng bao nhiu?
R
y
b
b. Nu trong lc chuyn ng, thanh ab
t nhin dng li th ngay lc lc t tc
dng vo ab s c chiu no? ln bao
nhiu?
1
25
Bz
N
x
P