Ti Liu LTH Ha V C

CHUYN 1:

Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T

CU TO NGUYN T - BNG TUN HON

CC NGUYN T HA HC - LIN KT HA HC

I. CU TO NGUYN T
1. Cc loi ht trong nguyn t
Nguyn t gm ht nhn mang in tch dng v lp v nguyn t mang in tch m.
- Ht nhn gm proton (P) mang in tch dng, ntron (N) khng mang in.
- Electron (E) mang in tch m cn gi l in t.
2. Ht nhn nguyn t, nguyn t ha hc, ng v
a. Ht nhn nguyn t
- S hiu nguyn t Z = S in tch ht nhn = S P = S E.
- S khi A = tng s proton Z + tng s ntron N
N
1,524
(*)
- Nu Z < 82 th ta lun c 1
Z
b. Nguyn t ha hc
- S hiu nguyn t: l s in tch ht nhn Z ca nguyn t mt nguyn t.
- K hiu nguyn t:
- Nguyn t X c s hiu nguyn t l Z
- S khi l A
Th d:

18
8

cho bit nguyn t oxi c s P = AZ X 8, A= 18, E = 8, N = 10, Z = 8+.

c. ng v
- L nhng nguyn t ca cng mt nguyn t.
- Cng s proton P (Z), nhng s khi A khc nhau, N khc nhau.
Th d:

35
17
37
17

O S P = 17, S A= 35, S E = 17, S N = 18

O S P = 17, S A= 37, S E = 17, S N = 20

Vy

35
17

O,

37
17

O l hai ng v.

d. Khi lng nguyn t trung bnh

S khi trung bnh ca cc hn hp ng v:
=

Vi :

x11 + x 2 2 + ... + x n n
x1 + x 2 + ... + x n

+ A1, A2An = s khi cc ng v.

+ x1, x2xn = t l s nguyn t (hay % s nguyn t).

3. Cu to v nguyn t
a. Lp electron
- Cc electron c nng lng gn bng nhau c xp vo cng mt lp.
- Lp e cng gn ht nhn c mc nng lng cng thp.
- S electron ti a c trong lp th n bng 2n2.
Lp electron (n)
Tn lp electron
S electron t a (2n2)

Gio vin: L VN RIL

1
K
2

2
L
8

3
M
18

-1-

4
N
32

5
O

6
P

7
Q

Ti Liu LTH Ha V C

Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T

b. Phn lp electron
- Cc electron c nng lng bng nhau c xp vo cng mt phn lp.
- Cc phn lp c k hiu: s, p, d, f.
- S phn lp trong mi lp bng s th t ca lp .
Th d:

+ Lp th 1 c 1 phn lp l 1s
+ Lp th 2 c 2 phn lp l 2s, 2p
+ Lp th 3 c 3 phn lp l 3s, 3p, 3d

c. Obitan nguyn t
- L khu vc khng gian xung quanh ht nhn nguyn t m kh nng c mt ca
electron l ln nht.
- Mi obitan cha ti a 2e.
- S obitan trn cc phn lp s, p, d, f ln lt l cc s l: 1, 3, 5, 7.
d. Cu hnh electron v cch vit cu hnh electron.
- Nguyn l vng bn: trong nguyn t cc e chim cc mc nng lng t thp n cao.
- Qui tc Klexkopski: th t cc phn mc nng lng t thp n cao xp theo dy sau:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p,...
Th d 1: Vit cu hnh electron ca Fe (Z = 26).
Mc nng lng: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6
Cu hnh electron: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2
- Trn c s cu hnh electron ca nguyn t, ta d dng vit cu hnh electron ca cation
hoc anion to ra t nguyn t ca nguyn t .
Th d 2: Cu hnh electron ca cation.
Fe2+: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6
Fe3+: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5
- i vi anion th thm vo lp ngoi cng s electron m nguyn t nhn.
Th d 3: Cu hnh electron ca anion.
S(Z = 16) : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4.
S2- : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
Lu : Cn hiu electron lp ngoi cng theo cu hnh electron ch khng theo mc nng
lng. Do cn phn bit e ngoi cng v e c nng lng cao nht.
- Nguyn l loi tr Pauli: Trong mt phn lp cha electron, cc electron c xu hng
chim cc obitan sao cho s electron c thn l nhiu nht.
- Qui tc Hund: Trong mt phn lp cha electron, cc electron c xu hng chim cc
obitan sao cho s electron c thn l nhiu nht.
- i vi mt s nguyn t (ch yu l cc nguyn t phn nhm ph nhm I, IV) thng
xy ra hin tng bo ha gp v bn bo ha gp l hin tng mt s e phn lp s
ca lp ngoi cng chuyn vo phn lp d ca lp pha trong gn k t c cu trc bo
ha hay bn bo ha bn hn.
Th d:

Cu(Z=29): 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d9 4s2

Nhng thc t l : 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d10 4s1
Cr(Z=24): 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d4 4s2
Nhng thc t l : 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d5 4s1

e. c im lp electron ngoi cng

Lp e ngoi cng ca nguyn t ca mt nguyn t ch c th nhiu nht l 8e.
- Kim loi c 1, 2, 3 e ngoi cng.
- Phi kim c 5, 6, 7 e ngoi cng.
- Kim loi (thuc chu k ln) hoc phi kim (thuc chu k nh) c 4 e ngoi cng.
- Kh him c 8 e ngoi cng, rt bn vng, khng tham gia phn ng ha hc.
Gio vin: L VN RIL

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Ti Liu LTH Ha V C

Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T

II. BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HA HC

1. nh lut tun hon
Theo chiu tng in tch ht nhn, tnh cht ca cc nguyn t cng nh thnh phn, tnh
cht ca cc n cht v hp cht ca chng bin thin tun hon.
2. Nguyn tc xy dng bng tun hon
- Cc nguyn t c xp theo chiu tng ca s hiu nguyn t cc nguyn t.
- Cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron c xp thnh mt hng. Mi hng gi l chu k.
- Cc nguyn t c cu hnh e tng t nhau, do c tnh cht ha hc tng t nhau
c xp thnh mt ct gi l nhm.
3. Cu trc bng tun hon
a. S th t

S TT = S Z = S P = S E

b. Chu k: l dy cc nguyn t c cng s lp e (s n), ch khc nhau s e ca lp bn

ngoi, c xp theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn.
- S TT chu k (n) = s lp e.
- C 7 chu k: chu k nh (n 3), chu k ln (4 n 7).
- S nguyn t trong cc chu k: 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32, 23.
c. Nhm
- L tp hp cc ngt c cu hnh e tng t nhau, do tnh cht ha hc tng t nhau.
- Gm cc nguyn t c cng s e lp ngoi cng v bng s th t ca nhm.
- C 8 nhm, mi nhm chia lm 2 phn nhm:
+ PNC nhm A: cc nguyn t c phn lp e sau cng l s hay p.
+ PNP nhm B: cc nguyn t c phn lp e sau cng l d hay f.
4. Qui lut bin thin tnh cht ca cc nguyn t

Chu k
(tri qua phi)
Nhm A
(trn xung di)

Bn knh
nguyn t (r)

m in
()

Tnh kim loi

Tnh phi kim

Gim dn

Tng dn

Gim dn

Tng dn

Tng dn

Gim dn

Tng dn

Gim dn

5. Cc phn nhm quan trng

- PNC nhm I (IA): Kim loi kim
- Phn nhm II (II A): trong c kim loi kim th (Ca, Sr, Ba).
- PNC nhm VII (VII A): Halogen (F, Cl, Br, I).
- PNC nhm VI (VI A): Oxi Lu hunh.
- Phn nhm ph nhm VIII (VIII B): kim loi chuyn tip.
6. Oxit cao nht v hp cht kh vi hiro
Nguyn t R nhm th n c:
- Oxit cao nht dng: R2On (nu n l), ROn/2 (nu n chn).
- Hp cht kh vi H: RHx vi x = 8 n, n 4.
- Tng tr tuyt i s oxh ca R trong oxit cao nht v trong hp cht kh vi H lun 8.
7. Electron ha tr
- L cc e tham gia vo hnh thnh lin kt ha hc
- Nguyn t PNC: s e ha tr = s e lp ngoi cng.
- Nguyn t PNP: s e ha tr = s e lp ngoi cng v e phn lp d k ngoi.
8. Hiroxit v baz
- ROH c tnh axit cng mnh khi R c m in cng ln, tnh phi kim cng mnh.
- ROH c tnh baz cng mnh khi R c m in cng nh, tnh kim loi cng mnh.
Gio vin: L VN RIL

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Ti Liu LTH Ha V C

Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T

BI TP TRC NGHIM
Dng 1: L thuyt v cu to nguyn t
Cu 1: Ht nhn ca hu ht cc nguyn t do cc loi ht sau cu to nn
A. electron, proton v ntron
B. electron v ntron
C. proton v ntron
D. electron v proton
Cu 2: Mt nguyn t c c trng c bn bng
A. S proton v in tch ht nhn
B. S proton v s electron
C. S khi A v s ntron
D. S khi A v in tch ht nhn
Cu 3: Nguyn t ha hc bao gm cc nguyn t:
A. C cng s khi A
B. C cng s proton
C. C cng s ntron
D. C cng s proton v s ntron
Cu 4: iu khng nh no sau y l sai ?
A. Ht nhn nguyn t c cu to nn bi cc ht proton, electron, ntron.
B. Trong nguyn t s ht proton bng s ht electron.
C. S khi A l tng s proton (Z) v tng s ntron (N).
D. Nguyn t c cu to nn bi cc ht proton, electron, ntron.
Cu 5: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Nguyn t c cu to t cc ht c bn l p, n, e.
B. Nguyn t c cu trc c kht, gm v nguyn t v ht nhn nguyn t.
C. Ht nhn nguyn t cu to bi cc ht proton v ht ntron.
D. V nguyn t c cu to t cc ht electron.
Cu 6: Mnh no sau y khng ng ?
(1) S in tch ht nhn c trng cho 1 nguyn t
(2) Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxi mi c 8 proton.
(3) Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxi mi c 8 ntron
(4) Ch c trong nguyn t oxi mi c 8 electron.
A. 3 v 4
B. 1 v 3
C. 4

D. 3

Cu 7: Chn cu pht biu sai :

1. Trong mt nguyn t lun lun c s prtn = s electron = s in tch ht nhn
2. Tng s prton v s electron trong mt ht nhn gi l s khi
3. S khi A l khi lng tuyt i ca nguyn t
4. S prton =in tch ht nhn
5. ng v l cc nguyn t c cng s prton nhng khc nhau v s ntron
A. 2,4,5
B. 2,3
C. 3,4
D. 2,3,4
24
25
26
Cu 8: Cho ba nguyn t c k hiu l 12
Mg, 12
Mg, 12
Mg . Pht biu no sau y l sai ?
A. S ht electron ca cc nguyn t ln lt l: 12, 13, 14
B. y l 3 ng v.
C. Ba nguyn t trn u thuc nguyn t Mg.
D. Ht nhn ca mi ngt u c 12 proton.

Cu 9: Chn cu pht biu sai:

A. S khi bng tng s ht p v n
B. Tng s p v s e c gi l s khi
C. Trong 1 nguyn t s p = s e = in tch ht nhn
D. S p bng s e
Cu 10: Nguyn t c :
A. 13p, 13e, 14n.
C. 13p, 14e, 13n.

Gio vin: L VN RIL

27
13

Al

B. 13p, 14e, 14n.

D. 14p, 14e, 13n.

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Ti Liu LTH Ha V C

Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T

Cu 11: Nguyn t canxi c k hiu l 40

20 Ca . Pht biu no sau y sai ?
A. Nguyn t Ca c 2electron lp ngoi cng.
B. S hiu nguyn t ca Ca l 20.
C. Canxi th 20 trong bng tun hon.
D. Tng s ht c bn ca canxi l 40.
Cu 12: Cp pht biu no sau y l ng:
1. Obitan nguyn t l vng khng gian quanh ht nhn, xc sut hin din ca electron l
rt ln (trn 90%).
2. m my electron khng c ranh gii r rt cn obitan nguyn t c ranh gii r rt.
3. Mi obitan nguyn t cha ti a 2 electron vi chiu t quay ging nhau.
4. Trong cng mt phn lp, cc electron s c phn b trn cc obitan sao cho cc electron
c thn l ti a v cc electron phi c chiu t quay khc nhau.
5. Mi obitan nguyn t cha ti a 2 electron vi chiu t quay khc nhau.
A. 1,3,5.
B. 3,2,4.
C. 3,5, 4.
D. 1,2,5.
Dng 2. Tnh s ht c bn, electron, s khi
Cu 1: Nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn l 13. S khi ca X l;
A. 8
B. 9
C. 10
D. 11
Cu 2: Tng s ht c bn trong nguyn t X l 82, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht
khng mang in l 22. Tm s electron ca X.
Cu 3: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng cc ht c bn l 82, trong tng s ht mang in
gp tng s ht khng mang in l 1,733 ln. Khi cho dng n cht ca X tc dng vi HCl,
Cu, O2, S, H2O, N2. S cht xy ra phn ng ha hc vi X l:
A. 3
B. 4
C. 2
D. 5
Cu 4: Tng s ht c bn ca nguyn t nguyn t A nhm VIIA l 28. S hiu ca A l:
A. 9
B. 19
C. 20
D. 21
Cu 5: (KA 2010) Ion M3+ c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 79, trong s ht mang
in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 19. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t M l
A. [Ar] 3d54s1.
B. [Ar] 3d64s2.
C. [Ar] 3d64s2.
D. [Ar] 3d34s2.
Cu 6: Mt hp cht ion A c cu to t M+ v X2-. Tng s ht c bn trong phn t M2X l
140, trong s hat mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 44. S khi ca ion M+ ln
hn s khi ca ion X2- l 23. Tng s ht proton, ntron v electron trong M+ nhiu hn trong
X2- l 31 ht. M v X ln lt l
A. Na v O
B. K v O
C. Na v S
D. K v S
Cu 6: Hp cht MX3 c tng s ht c bn l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht
khng mang in l 60. Nguyn t khi ca X ln hn ca M l 8. Tng s proton, ntron v
electron trong X- nhiu hn trong M3+ l 16. M v X ln lt l
A. Fe v Cl
B. Al v Cl
C. B v Br
D. Al v Br
Cu 7: Hp cht Z to bi hai nguyn t M v X c cng thc MaXb. Tng cc ht c bn trong
Z l 130, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 38. S khi ca M ln
hn ca X l 24. Tng s ht c bn trong M2+ nhiu hn trong X2- l 30 v a + b = 2. Cng
thc phn t ca Z l
A. FeS2
B. FeS
C. CuS
D. Cu2S
Cu 8: Hp cht A c cng thc MX2, trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng. Trong nguyn
t M s ntron nhiu hn s proton l 4. Trong nguyn t X s ntron bng s proton. Tng s
ht mang in trong MX2 l 58. Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. FeS2
B. CuS2
C. Zn2S2
D. Cu2S
Cu 9: Tng s ht c bn trong phn t MX bng 108, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s
ht khng mang in l 36. S khi ca M ln hn ca X l 8. Tng s ht (p, e, n) trong M2+
nhiu hn trong X2- l 8. Cng thc ca MX l
A. MgO
B. CaO
C. CaS
D. MgS

Gio vin: L VN RIL

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Ti Liu LTH Ha V C

Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T

Cu 10: Tng s ht c bn trong phn t M2X bng 116, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn
s ht khng mang in l 36. S khi ca X ln hn ca M l 9. Tng s ht (p, e, n) trong X2nhiu hn trong M+ l 17. Xc nh s khi ca M v X.
Cu 11: Hai nguyn t X v Y thuc chu k 3, iu kin thng l cht rn. Bit 8,1 gam X c
s mol nhiu hn 4,8 gam Y l 0,1 mol v MX MY = 3. X v Y ln lt l
A. Si v Na
B. Al v Mg
C. Mg v Al
D. Be v Li
56
Cu 12: S ht electron v s ht ntron c trong mt nguyn t l 26 Fe l:
A. 26e, 56n
B. 26e, 30n
C. 26e, 26n
D. 30e, 30n
+
+
Cu 13: S electron trong cc ion sau: NO3 , NH 4 , HCO3 , H , SO 42- , H+ theo th t l:
A. 32, 12, 32, 1, 50
B. 31,11, 31, 2, 48
C. 32, 10, 32, 2, 46
D. 32, 10, 32, 0, 50
Cu 14: Nguyn t X c s hiu 24, s ntron l 28. X c:
A. s khi l 52
B. s e l 28
C. in tch ht nhn l 24

D. s p l 28

Cu 15: Ion X- c 10e, ht nhn c 10n. S khi ca X l:

A. 19
B. 20
C. 18
D. 21
Cu 16: Ion X2- c:
A. s p s e = 2
B. s e s p = 2
C. s e s n = 2
D. s e (s p + s n) = 2
14
18
16
14
Cu 17: Cho 5 nguyn t : 12
.
Hai
nguyn
t c cng s ntron l:
A,
B,
C,
D,
E
6
6
8
8
7
A. A v B
B. B v D
C. A v C
D. B v E
Cu 18: Tng s ht p, e, n trong nguyn t nguyn t X l 10. Nguyn t X l:
A. Li
B. Be
C. N
D. Ne
Cu 19: Nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 34. Bit s ntron nhiu hn s
proton l 1. S khi ca X l:
A. 11
B. 19
C. 21
D. 23
Cu 20: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 155. S ht mang
in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 33. S khi ca nguyn t l:
A. 108
B. 122
C. 66
D. 94
Cu 21: Nguyn t nguyn t X c tng s ht bng 82, ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng
mang in l 22 ht. K hiu ho hc ca nguyn t X l:
26
A. 30
B. 56
C. 26
D. 56
Fe
26 Fe
26 Fe
26 Fe
Cu 22: Nguyn t ca nguyn t B c tng s ht c bn l 34. S ht mang in gp 1,8333
ln s ht khng mang in. Nguyn t B l:
A. Na (Z = 11)
B. Mg (Z = 12)
C. Al (Z = 13)
D. Cl (Z = 17)
Cu 23: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht (p, n, e) bng 180. Trong cc ht mang
in chim 58,89% tng s ht. Nguyn t X l:
A. Flo
B. Clo
C. Brom
D. Iot
Cu 24: Tng s p, e, n trong hai nguyn t A v B l 142, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn
s ht khng mang in l 42. S ht mang in ca B nhiu hn ca A l 12. S hiu nguyn
t ca A v B ln lt l:
A. 17 v 29
B. 20 v 26
C. 43 v 49
D. 40 v 52
Cu 25: Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong hai nguyn t ca nguyn t X v Y l 96
trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 32. S ht mang in
ca nguyn t Y nhiu hn ca X l 16. X v Y ln lt l:
A. Mg v Ca
B. Be v Mg
C. Ca v Sr
D. Na v Ca
Cu 26: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. S ht
mang in ca mt nguyn t Y nhiu hn s ht mang in ca mt nguyn t X l 8 ht. Cc
nguyn t X v Y ln lt l (bit s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t: Na = 11; Al = 13; P = 15;
Cl = 17; Fe = 26):
Gio vin: L VN RIL

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Ti Liu LTH Ha V C

A. Al v P

B. Fe v Cl

Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T

C. Al v Cl

D. Na v Cl

Cu 27: Hp cht AB2 c A chim 50% v khi lng (%mA = 50%) v tng s proton l 32.
Nguyn t A v B u c s p bng s n. AB2 l:
A. NO2
B. SO2
C. CO2
D. SiO2
Cu 28: Phn t MX3 c tng s ht proton, ntron v electron bng 196, trong ht mang
in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. Khi lng nguyn t ca X ln hn ca M l 8.
Tng s ht trong X- nhiu hn trong M+ l 16. Cng thc ca MX3 l:
A. CrCl3
B. FeCl3
C. AlCl3
D. SnCl3
Cu 29: Trong anion XY32- c 30 proton. Trong nguyn t X cng nh Y c s proton bng s
ntron. X v Y ln lt l:
A. C v O
B. S v O
C. Si v O
D. C v S
Cu 30: Tng s ht mang in trong ion AB32- bng 82. S ht mang in trong nhn nguyn t
A nhiu hn s ht mang in trong nhn ca nguyn t B l 8. S hiu nguyn t A v B (theo
th t) l:
A. 12 v 4
B. 24 v 16
C. 16 v 8
D. 14 v 6
Cu 31: Hp cht A c to thnh t ion M+ v ion X2-. Tng s 3 loi ht trong A l 164.
Tng s cc ht mang in trong ion M+ ln hn tng s ht mang in trong ion X2- l 3. Trong
nguyn t M, s ht proton t hn s ht ntron l 1 ht, trong nguyn t X s ht proton bng
s ht ntron. M v X l :
A. K v S
B. Na v S
C. Li v S
D. K v O
Cu 32: Tng s ht ca mt nguyn t kim loi X l 155. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht
khng mang in l 33 ht. Kt lun no sau y khng ng :
A. in tch ht nhn ca X l 47
B. X c 2 electron lp ngoi cng
C. S khi X l 108
D. X c 5 lp electron.
Cu 33: (Khi B 2008) Tng s ht trong hai nguyn t kim loi X v Y l 142, trong tng
s ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 42. S ht mang in ca nguyn t Y
nhiu hn ca X l 12. Hai kim loi l:
A. Ca v Fe
B. Ca v Mg
C. Al v Fe
D. Na v Al
Cu 34: Tng s ht proton, ntron , electron trong hai nguyn t ca nguyn t X v Y l 96
trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 32 . S ht mang in
ca nguyn t Y nhiu hn ca X l 16. X v Y ln lt l
A. Mg v Ca
B. Be v Mg
C. Ca v Sr
D. Na v Ca
Cu 35: Cho hp cht MX3. Tng s ht n,p,e l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s
ht khng mang in l 60. S khi nguyn t X ln hn M l 8. Tng s 3 loi ht trong ion Xnhiu hn ion M3+ l 16. M v X l:
A. Al v Cl
B. Mg v Cl
C. Na v Cl
D. K v Cl
Cu 36: Hp cht A c to thnh t ion M+ v ion X2- .Tng s 3 loi ht trong A l 164
.Tng s cc ht mang in trong M ln hn tng s ht mang in trong X l 6 .Trong nguyn
t M, s ht proton t hn s ht ntron l 1 ht , trong nguyn t X s ht proton bng s ht
ntron . M v X l
A. K v O
B. Na v S
C. Li v S
D. K v S
Cu 37: Trong hp cht ion XY (X l kim loi, Y l phi kim), s electron ca cation bng s
electron ca anion v tng s electron trong XY l 20. Bit trong mi hp cht, Y ch c mt
mc oxi ha duy nht. Cng thc XY l
A. NaF.
B. AlN.
C. MgO.
D. LiF.

Gio vin: L VN RIL

-7-

Ti Liu LTH Ha V C

Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T

Dng 3: Bi tp lin quan n ng v

Cu 1: Cacbon c 2 ng v l 126 C v 136 C ; oxi c 3 ng v l 168 O ;
bao nhiu loi phn t CO2 khc nhau to thnh t cc ng v trn?

17
8

O v

Cu 2: Hiro c 3 ng v l 11 H ; 21 H v 21 H ; oxi c 3 ng v l 168 O ;

c bao nhiu loi phn t H2O khc nhau to thnh t cc ng v trn?

17
8

18
8

O . Hi c th c

O v

18
8

O . Hi c th

Cu 3: Mt nguyn t c 4 ng v ln lt chim t l l 67,76%; 26,16%; 2,42% v 3,66%.

Bit rng ng v II hn ng v I 2 ntron, ng v III hn ng v II 1 ntron, ng v IV hn
ng v III 1 ntron, nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t ny l 58,74. S khi ca 4 ng
v ln lt l
A. 58, 60, 62, 63
B. 58, 60, 61, 62
C. 60, 58, 61, 62
D. 62, 61, 60, 58
Cu 4: Magie c hai ng v l X v Y. ng v X c nguyn t khi l 24. ng v Y hn
ng v X 1 ntron. S nguyn t X v Y theo t l 3:2. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca magie l
A. 24,4
B. 24,8
C. 24,9
D. 24,3
Cu 5: Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng l 63,54. ng c hai ng v l
s nguyn t ca hai ng v ln lt l:
A. 73 v 27
B. 70 v 30
C. 50 v 50

65
29

Cu v

63
29

Cu . %

D. 27 v 73

Cu 6: Hiro c iu ch bng phng php in phn nc, Hiro gm hai ng v l

1
2
2
1 H v 1 H . Trong 18,016 gam nc ni trn c bao nhiu gam ng v 1 H , bao nhiu nguyn
t 12 H , bit rng nguyn t khi trung bnh ca hiro l 1,008?
Cu 7: Nguyn t clo trong t nhin l hn hp ca hai ng v, trong ng v

Cl chim

35
17

75% v ng v Cl chim 25%. Phn trm khi lng ca Cl trong mui KClO3 l (cho K
= 39; O = 16):
A. 28,95%
B. 7,55%
C. 25,6%
D. 8,96%
37
17

37
17

Cu 8: Trong t nhin ng c hai ng v l

63
29

Cu v

Cu l 63,54. Tnh phn trm khi lng ca ng v

(cho S = 32; H = 1; O = 16)
A. 24,73%
B. 33,87%
Cu 9: Trong t nhin clo c hai ng v bn:
35
17

Cl . Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca

A. 8,92%
B. 8,43%

37
17

37
17

Cu . Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca

65
29

63
29

Cu trong Cu(OH)2.5H2O l

C. 33,58%

D. 24,52%

Cl chim 24,23% tng s nguyn t, cn li l

Cl trong HClO4 l:
C. 8,56%

D. 8,79%

A2
Cu 10: ng trong t nhin c hai ng v l X1 ( 2963Cu ) v X2 ( 29
Cu ) . Nguyn t khi trung
bnh ca ng l 63,54. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca X1 trong CuSO4.5H2O l
18,43%. Xc nh phn trm khi lng ca ng v X2 trong CuSO4.5H2O.

Cu 11: Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Clo bng 35,5. Trong t nhin Clo c hai ng v l
35
37
37
17 Cl v 17 Cl . Tnh phn trm khi lng ca 17 Cl trong HClO3 (cho bit H = 1; O = 16).
Cu 12: Nguyn t Cu c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 63,54. Cu c hai ng v l Y v Z, bit
tng s khi bng 128. S nguyn t ng v Y bng 0,37 s nguyn t ng v Z. Xc nh s
khi ca Y v Z.
Cu 13: Mt nguyn t X gm hai ng v X1 v X2. ng v X1 c tng s ht c bn l 18.
ng v X2 c tng s ht bng 20. Bit rng phn trm cc ng v trong X bng nhau v cc
loi ht trong X1 cng bng nhau. Xc inh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X.
Cu 14: X v Y l hai ng v ca nguyn t A (s th t 17) c tng s khi l 72. Hiu s
1
s ht mang in dng ca bng 16). T s nguyn t ca X v Y
ntron ca X, Y bng
8
bng 32,75:98,25. Tm s khi ca hai ng v trn. Suy ra khi lng mol trung bnh ca A.
Gio vin: L VN RIL

-8-

Ti Liu LTH Ha V C

Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T

Cu 16: Nguyn t X c hai ng v, ng v th nht 35X chim 75%. Nguyn t khi trung
bnh ca X l 35,5. ng v th hai l:
A. 34X
B. 37X
C. 36X
D.38X
Cu 17: Mt nguyn t R c 2 ng v vi t l s nguyn t l 27/23. Ht nhn ca R c 35 ht
proton. ng v th nht c 44 ht ntron, ng v th 2 c s khi nhiu hn ng v th nht
l 2. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t R l:
A. 79,2
B. 79,8
C. 79,92
D. 80,5
Cu 18: Nguyn t X c hai ng v X1 v X2. Tng s ht khng mang in trong X1 v X2 l
90. Nu cho 1,2 gam Ca tc dng vi mt lng X va th thu c 5,994 gam hp cht
CaX2. Bit t l s nguyn t X1 : X2 = 9 : 11. S khi ca X1, X2 ln lt l:
A. 81 v 79
B. 75 v 85
C. 79 v 81
D. 85 v 75
Cu 19: Nguyn t Cu c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 63,54 vi 2 ng v X v Y, c tng s
khi l 128. S nguyn t ng v X = 0,37 s nguyn t ng v Y. Vy s ntron ca ng v
Y t hn s ntron ca ng v X l:
A. 2 ht
B. 4 ht
C. 6 ht
D. 1 ht
Dng 3: Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t v ion
Th d 1: Cho N (Z = 7); Na (Z = 11). Vit cu hnh electron ca N3- v Na+.
Th d 2: Cho Fe (Z = 26); Cu (Z = 29). Vit cu hnh electron ca Fe2+; Fe3+; Cu+; Cu2+.
Th d 3: Cr (Z = 24) c 24 electron
3+
Cu 1: S proton, ntron, electron ca 52
24 Cr ln lt l:
A. 24, 28, 24.
B. 24, 28, 21.
C. 24, 30, 21.

Cu 2: Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong

A. 52.
C. 53.

35
17

D. 24, 28, 27.

Cl l
B. 35.

Cu 3: Nguyn t Fe (Z = 26). Cu hnh electron ca ion Fe2+ l

A. [Ar]3d6.
B. [Ar]3d54s1.
C. [Ar] 3d64s2.

D. 51.
D. [Ar] 4s23d4

Cu 4: (Khi A 2007). Dy gm cc ion X+ v Y- v nguyn t Z u c cu hnh 1s22s22p6 l :

A. Na+, F-, Ne
B. Na+, Cl-, Ar
C. Li+, F-, Ne
D. K+, Cl-, Ar
Cu 5: Cu hnh in t ca ion Fe2+ (Z=26) l:
A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
C. 1s22s22p63s23p84s2

B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d6
D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1

Cu 6: Ion no sau y khng c cu hnh electron ca kh him

A. Na+
B. Mg2+
C. Al3+

D. Fe2+

Cu 5: Cu hnh e ca nguyn t c s hiu Z = 17 l:

A. 1s22s22p63s23p44s1
C. 1s22s22p63s23p5

B. 1s22s22p63s23d5
D. 1s22s22p63s23p34s2

Cu 6: Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t 29Cu l:

A. 1s22s22p63s23p44s23d9
C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d10 4s1

B. 1s22s22p63s23p43d9 4s2
D. 1s22s22p63s23p44s13d10

Cu 7: Cu hnh e nguyn t ca nguyn t c s hiu nguyn t 26 l:

A. [Ar]3d54s2
B. [Ar]4s23d6
C. [Ar]3d64s2

D. [Ar]3d8

Cu 8: Cation M2+ c cu hnh e phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6, cu hnh e ca nguyn t M l:

A. 1s22s22p6
B. 1s22s22p63s1
C. 1s22s22p63s2
D. 1s22s22p4
Cu 9: Ion A2+ c cu hnh e vi phn lp cui cng l 3d9. Cu hnh e ca nguyn t A l:
A. [Ar] 3d94s2 B. [Ar] 3d104s1
C. [Ar] 3d94p2
D. [Ar] 4s23d9
Cu 10: Nguyn t nguyn t M c phn b electron phn lp c nng lng cao nht l 3d6.
Tng s electron ca nguyn t M l:
A. 24
B. 25
C. 26
D. 27
Gio vin: L VN RIL

-9-

Ti Liu LTH Ha V C

Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T

Cu 11: Ion M3+ c cu hnh electron phn lp c nng lng cao nht l 3d2, cu hnh
electron ca nguyn t M l:
A. [Ar] 3d34s2
B. [Ar] 3d54s2
C. [Ar] 3d5
D. [Ar] 3d24s3
Cu 12: trng thi c bn, tng s e trong cc obitan s ca mt nguyn t c s hiu 13 l:
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 7
Cu 13: Nguyn t c s hiu 13, c khuynh hng mt s e l:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3

D. 4

Cu 14: Cu hnh e no sau y ca nguyn t kim loi:

A. 1s22s22p63s23p6
B. 1s22s22p63s23p5 C. 1s22s22p63s23p3

D. 1s22s22p63s23p1

Cu 15: Cu hnh e ca nguyn t Y trng thi c bn l 1s22s22p5. Vy Y thuc nhm nguyn

t:
A. Kim loi kim B. Halogen
C. Kim loi kim th
D. Kh him
Cu 16: Cho cu hnh electron ca 4 nguyn t: 9X: 1s22s22p5 ;
1s22s22p63s23p1 ; 8T: 1s22s22p4. Ion ca 4 nguyn t trn l:
A. X+, Y+, Z+, T2+
B. X-, Y+, Z3+, T2C. X+, Y2-, Z3+, T+

11Y:

1s22s22p63s1 ;

13Z:

D. X+, Y2+, Z+, T-

Cu 17: trng thi c bn, s obitan s c cha e ca nguyn t c s hiu 20 l:

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Cu 18: Nguyn t X c s th t l 20. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca X l
A. 3s1
B. 4s2
C. 3s2
D. 3p5
Cu 19: S obitan tng cng trong nguyn t c s in tch ht nhn 17 l:
A. 4
B. 6
C. 5

D. 9

Cu 20: Nguyn t lu hunh S nm th 16 trong bng h thng tun hon. Bit rng cc
electron ca nguyn t S c phn b trn 3 lp electron (K, L, M). S electron lp L trong
nguyn t lu hunh l:
A. 6
B. 8
C. 10
D. 2
Cu 21: Cho cc nguyn t: 1H; 3Li; 11Na; 7N; 8O; 9F; 2He; 10Ne. Nguyn t ca nguyn t
khng c electron c thn l:
A. H, Li, Na, F
B. O
C. He, Ne
D. N
Cu 22: Cho cc nguyn t: 1H; 3Li; 11Na; 7N; 8O; 9F; 2He; 10Ne. Nguyn t ca nguyn t
c electron c thn bng 1 l:
A. H, Li, Na, F
B. H, Li, Na
C. O, N
D. N
Cu 23: Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c tng s ht p, n, e bng 18 v s ht khng mang in
bng trung bnh cng ca tng s ht mang in. Vy s electron c thn ca nguyn t R l:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Cu 24: trng thi c bn, nguyn t ca nguyn t P (Z=15) c s electron c thn l:
A. 0

B. 1

C. 2

D. 3

Cu 25: Nguyn t ca ba nguyn t no sau y u c 8 electron lp ngoi cng:

A. Ar,Xe,Br
B. He,Ne,Ar
C. Xe,Fe,Kr
D. Kr,Ne,Ar
Cu 26: Nguyn t c cu hnh e vi phn ln p c cha e c thn l nguyn t:
A. N
B. Ne
C. Na
D. Mg
Cu 27: Trong cc nguyn t c Z = 1 n Z = 20. S nguyn t m nguyn t c 2 eletron c
thn l:
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
Cu 28: Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron ca nguyn t nguyn t X l 21. Tng s obitan
nguyn t ( lng t) ca nguyn t nguyn t l:
A. 5
B. 9
C. 6
D. 7

Gio vin: L VN RIL

- 10 -

Ti Liu LTH Ha V C

Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T

Cu 29: Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X l 1s22s22p63s1. Bit rng X c s khi l 24 th

trong ht nhn ca X c:
A. 24 proton, 13 ntron
B. 11 proton, 13 ntron
C. 11 proton, 11 s ntron
D. 13 proton, 11 ntron
Cu 30: Pht biu no sau y ng khi ni v ion F v nguyn t Ne:
A. Chng c cng s proton
C. Chng c cng s electron

B. Chng c s ntron khc nhau

D. Chng c cng s khi

Cu 31: Dy gm cc ion X ,Y v nguyn t Z u c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p6 l

A. Na, Cl, Ar
B. Li, F, Ne
C. Na, F, Ne
D. K, Cl, Ar
Cu 32: Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c cu to bi 36 ht, trong s ht mang in gp
i s ht khng mang in. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Y l:
A. 1s22s22p63s23p1
B. 1s22s22p64s2
C. 1s22s22p6
D. 1s22s22p63s2
Cu 33: Ion no sau y khng c cu hnh electron ca kh him:
A. Na+
B. Mg2+
C. Al3+
Cu 34: Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t 29Cu l:
A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d9
C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1

D. Fe2+

B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2
D. 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10

Cu 35: Cu hnh e nguyn t ca nguyn t c s hiu nguyn t 26 l:

A. [Ar]3d54s2
B. [Ar]4s23d6
C. [Ar]3d64s2

D. [Ar]3d8

Cu 36: Cation M2+ c cu hnh e phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6, cu hnh e ca nguyn t M l:
A. 1s22s22p6
B. 1s22s22p63s1
C. 1s22s22p63s2
D. 1s22s22p4
Dng 4: Xc nh v tr ca nguyn t trong BTH
Cu 1: Cu hnh electron ca ion Y 2+ l 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. Trong bng tun hon cc
nguyn t ho hc, nguyn t Y thuc
A. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA.
B. chu k 4, nhm IIA.
C. chu k 3, nhm VIB.
D. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
Cu 2: Xc nh v tr ca Mg (Z = 12) trong bng tun hon.
Cu 3: Xc nh v tr ca Cl (Z = 17) trong bng tun hon.
Cu 4: Xc nh v tr ca Fe (Z = 26) trong bng tun hon.
Cu 5: Xc nh v tr ca Cu (Z = 29) trong bng tun hon.
Cu 6: Cho ion Al3+ c cu hnh 1s22s22p6. Xc nh v tr ca Al trong bng tun hon.
Cu 7: Cho ion M3+ c cu hnh l [Ar]3d5. Xc nh v tr ca M trong bng tun hon.
Cu 8: Cho ion R2+ c cu hnh l [Ar]3d9. Xc nh v tr ca M trong bng tun hon.
Cu 9: Chu k l dy nguyn t c cng:
A. s lp e
B. s e ha tr

C. s p

D. S in tch ht nhn

Cu 10: Chn pht biu khng ng:

A. Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng chu k u c s lp e bng nhau.
B. Tnh cht ha hc ca cc nguyn t trong chu k khng hon ton ging nhau.
C. Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng phn nhm c s e lp ngoi cng bng
nhau.
D. Tnh cht ha hc ca cc nguyn t trong cng nhm bao gi cng ging nhau.
Cu 11: C 3 nguyn t s p u l 12, s khi ln lt l 24, 25, 26. Chn cu sai:
A. Cc nguyn t trn l nhng ng v.
B. Cc nguyn t trn u thuc cng 1 nguyn t.
C. Chng c s ntron ln lt: 12, 13, 14.
D. S th t l 24, 25, 26 trong bng HTTH.
Gio vin: L VN RIL

- 11 -

Ti Liu LTH Ha V C

Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T

Cu 12: Trong bng HTTH hin nay, s chu k nh (ngn) v chu k ln (di) ln lt l:
A. 3 v 3
B. 3 v 4
C. 4 v 3
D. 3 v 6
Cu 13: Chu k cha nhiu nguyn t nht trong bng HTTH hin nay c s lng nguyn t
A. 18
B. 28
C. 32
D. 24
Cu 14: Nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh nhm VII (VIIA) cn gi l:
A. kim loi kim
B. kim loi kim th
C. halogen
Cu 15: Cc nguyn t h d v f (phn nhm B) u l:
A. kim loi in hnh
B. kim loi
C. phi kim ch tip

D. kh him

D. phi kim in hnh

Cu 16: Lp e ngoi cng ca mt loi nguyn t c 4e, nguyn t tng ng vi n l:

A. kim loi
B. phi kim
C. kim loi chuyn tip
D. kim loi hoc phi kim
Cu 17: Mt nguyn t X c tng s electron phn lp p l 11. Nguyn t X l:
A. nguyn t s
B. nguyn t p
C. nguyn t d
D. nguyn t f
Cu 18: Tng s ht ca mt nguyn t l 40. Bit s ht ntron ln hn s ht proton l 1.
Nguyn t cho thuc loi:
A. nguyn t s
B. nguyn t p
C. nguyn t d
D. nguyn t f
Cu 19: Cu hnh electron ca ion X2+ l 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn
t ho hc, nguyn t X thuc:
A. chu k 3, nhm VIB
B. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB
C. chu k 4, nhm IIA
D. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA
Cu 20: trng thi c bn cu hnh e nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 1s22s22p63s23p4. V tr ca
nguyn t X trong bng tun hon l:
A. s 16, chu k 3 nhm IVA
B. s 16 chu k 3, nhm VIA
C. s 16, chu k 3, nhm IVB
D. s 16, chu k 3, nhm VIB
Cu 21: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c 10p, 10n v 10e. Trong bng HTTH, X v tr:
A. chu k 2 v nhm VA
B. chu k 2 v nhm VIIIA
C. chu k 3 v nhm VIIA
D. chu k 3 v nhm VA
Cu 22: Nguyn t nguyn t R c 24 electron. V tr ca nguyn t R trong bng tun hon l:
A. chu k 4, nhm IA
B. chu k 4, nhm IB
C. chu k 4, nhm IIA
D. chu k 4, nhm VIB
Cu 23: Cation c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s23p6. V tr ca nguyn t X trong bng
tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc l:
A. S th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIIA
B. S th t 16, chu k 3, nhm VIA
C. S th t 20, chu k 4, nhm IIA
D. S th t 19, chu k 4, nhm IA
Cu 24: Cu hnh electron ca ion l 1s22s22p63s23p43d6. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t
ho hc, nguyn t Y thuc:
A. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA
B. chu k 4, nhm IIA
C. chu k 3, nhm VIB
D. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB
Cu 25: Mt nguyn t X c tng s electron cc phn lp s l 6 v tng s electron lp
ngoi cng cng l 6. Nguyn t X l:
A. oxi (Z = 8)
B. S (Z = 16)
C. Fe (Z = 26)
D. Cr (Z = 24)
Cu 26: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s electron trong cc phn lp p l 8. Nguyn t
ca nguyn t Y c tng s ht mang in nh hn tng s ht mang in ca X l 12. Cc
nguyn t X v Y l :
A. Mg v Ca
B. Si v O
C. Al v Cl
D. Na v S
Cu 27: Nguyn t X, ion Y2+ v ion Z- u c cu hnh e l 1s22s22p6. X, Y, Z ln lt thuc
loi:
A. X: Phi kim; Y: Kh him; Z: Kim loi. B. X: Kh him; Y: Phi kim; Z: Kim loi
C. X: Kh him; Y: Kim loi; Z: Phi kim.
D. X: Kh him; Y: Phi kim; Z: Kim loi
Gio vin: L VN RIL

- 12 -

Ti Liu LTH Ha V C

Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T

Cu 28: Nguyn t X thuc loi nguyn t d, nguyn t ca X c 5 electron ho tr v lp

electron ngoi cng thuc lp 4. Cu hnh electron ca X l:
A. 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2
B. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3
2 2
6 2
6
5 2
C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s
D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p3
Cu 29: S hiu nguyn t ca cc nguyn t X, Y, Z ln lt l 7, 19, 11. Nhn xt no sau
y l ng
A. X, Y, Z thuc cng mt chu k.
B. X thuc nhm IIA.
C. Z thuc nhm VIIA.
D. Y, Z cng thuc nhm IA.
Cu 30: Cu hnh electron ca ion Br- l 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6. Nguyn t Br nm v tr
no trong bng tun hon ?
A. th 33, chu k 4, nhm IIIA.
B. th 35, chu k 4, nhm VIIA.
C. th 36, chu k 4, nhm VIIIA.
D. th 34, chu k 4, nhm IVA.
Cu 31: Nguyn t X c Z=19. Nhn nh no sau y sai :
A. X c 1 e c thn lp ngoi cng
B. X thuc chu k 4, nhm IA
C. X l kim loi, c tnh kh mnh
D. X to vi H hp cht c cng thc XH2,
to oxit cao nht c cng thc XO
Cu 32: Cu hnh electron ca ion X2+ l 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. Trong bng tun hon cc
nguyn t ho hc, nguyn t X thuc.
A. chu k 3, nhm VIB.
B. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
C. chu k 4, nhm IIA.
D. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA.
Cu 33: Nhn nh no sau y khng ng khi ni v ion X2+ c Z=20
A. X c tnh kh.
B. X thuc chu k 4, nhm IIA
C. X khng c e c thn lp ngoi cng.
D. Cu hnh e X2+ l: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
Cu 34: (Khi A 2009) cu hnh electron ca ion X2+ l: 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. Trong bng h
thng tun hon nguyn t X thuc:
A. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIA
B. Chu k 4, nhm IIA
C. Chu k 4, nhm VIB
D. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
Cu 35: (H-C) Anion X- v cation Y2+ u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l
3s23p6. V tr ca cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc l:
A. X c s th t 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t
20, chu k 4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
B. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t
20, chu k 3, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
C. X c s th t 17, chu k 4, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t
20, chu k 4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
D. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VI); Y c s th t 20,
chu k 4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
Cu 36: Cho bit nguyn t X c Z=28. Nhn nh ng v X :
A. X thuc chu k 4, nhm VIIIA
B. X thuc chu k 3, nhm VIIIA
C. X thuc chu k 4, nhm VIIIB
D. X thuc chu k 3, nhm VIIIB
Cu 33: Trong ion R2+ c tng s ht n,p,e l 91, trong s ht mang in gp 56/35 ln s ht
khng mang in. V tr R trong bng h thng tun hon :
A. Chu k 4, nhm IA
B. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIB
C. Chu k 4, nhm IB
D. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIA
Cu 34: Ion M2+ kt thc cu hnh l 3d9. V tr M trong bng h thng tun hon :
A. Chu k 4, nhm IA
B. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIB
C. Chu k 4, nhm IB
D. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIA
Gio vin: L VN RIL

- 13 -

Ti Liu LTH Ha V C

Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T

Dng 5: Xc nh 2 nguyn t k tip trong cng mt chu k hoc nhm

Cu 1: A, B l 2 nguyn t thuc cng 1 phn nhm v thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong BTH. Bit
ZA + ZB = 32. S proton trong nguyn t ca A, B ln lt l:
A. 7, 25
B. 12, 20
C. 15, 17
D. 8, 14
Cu 2: A, B l 2 nguyn t thuc cng 1 phn nhm v thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong BTH.
Tng s proton trong ht nhn 2 nguyn t l 30. A, B l nguyn t no sau y?
A. Li v Na
B. Na v K
C. Mg v Ca
D. Be v Mg
Cu 3: A, B l 2 nguyn t thuc cng 1 phn nhm chnh v 2 chu k nh lin tip trong h
thng tun hon. Tng s proton ca chng l 32. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t v vit cu hnh
electron ca A, B
Cu 4: A, B l 2 nguyn t thuc cng 1 phn nhm chnh v 2 chu k lin tip trong h
thng tun hon. Tng s in tch ht nhn ca chng l 24. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t v vit
cu hnh electron ca A, B
Cu 5: A v B l 2 nguyn t ng k tip nhau mt chu k trong h thng tun hon. Tng
s proton ca chng l 25. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron ca A, B.
Cu 6: C v D l 2 nguyn t ng k tip nhau mt chu k trong h thng tun hon. Tng
s khi ca chng l 51. S ntron ca D ln hn C l 2 ht. Trong nguyn t C, s electron
bng vi s ntron. Xc nh v tr v vit cu hnh electron ca C v D.
Cu 7: Cc ion A2- v B2- u c cu hnh bn ca kh him. S hiu nguyn t hn km nhau
8 n v, thuc 2 chu k lin tip. A v B c th l:
A. C v Si
B. N v P
C. S v Se
D. O v S
Cu 8: Hai nguyn t A, B ng k tip nhau trong mt chu k ca bng tun hon c tng s
n v in tch ht nhn l 25. A v B l:
A. Li, Be
B. Mg, Al
C. K, Ca
D. Na, K
Cu 9: A v B l hai nguyn t trong cng mt nhm v hai chu k lin tip trong bng tun
hon. Tng s ht proton trong ht nhn ca A v B l 32. Hai nguyn t l:
A. Mg v Ca
B. O v S
C. N v Si
D. C v Si
Cu 10: Hai nguyn t X, Y hai nhm A lin tip trong bng tun hon. X thuc nhm V.
trng thi n cht X v Y khng phn ng vi nhau. Tng s proton trong ht nhn ca X v Y
bng 23. Hai nguyn t X, Y l:
A. N, O
B. N, S
C. P, O
D. P, S
Dng 6: So snh mt s tnh cht c bn
Cu 1: Trong s cc tnh cht v i lng vt l sau: (1) bn knh nguyn t; (2) tng s e; (3)
tnh kim loi; (4) tnh ph kim; (5) m in; (6) nguyn t khi Cc tnh cht v i lng
bin thin tun hon theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t l:
A. (1), (2), (5)
B. (3), (4), (6)
C. (2), (3), (4)
D. (1), (3), (4), (5)
Cu 2: Trong cng mt chu k, nguyn t thuc nhm no c nng lng ion ha nh nht:
A. Phn nhm chnh nhm I (IA)
B. Phn nhm chnh nhm II (IIA)
C. Phn nhm chnh nhm III (IIIA)
D. Phn nhm chnh nhm VII (VIIA)
Cu 3: m in l i lng c trng cho kh nng ca nguyn t:
A. ht e khi to lin kt ha hc
B. y e khi to thnh lin kt ha hc
C. tham gia cc phn ng ha hc
D. nhng hoc nhn e khi to lin kt
Cu 4: Halogen c m in ln nht l:
A. flo
B. clo

C. brom

D. iot

Cu 5: Cc ion hoc cc nguyn t sau Cl-, Ar, Ca2+ u c 18e. Dy sp xp chng theo chiu
bn knh gim dn l:
A. Ar, Ca2+, Cl- B. Cl-, Ca2+, Ar
C. Cl-, Ar, Ca2+
D. Ca2+, Ar, ClGio vin: L VN RIL

- 14 -

Ti Liu LTH Ha V C

Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T

Cu 6: Trong mt nhm A (phn nhm chnh), tr nhm VIIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VIII),
theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t th:
A. tnh kim loi tng dn, m in tng dn
B. tnh kim loi tng dn, bn knh nguyn t gim dn
C. m in gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn
D. tnh phi kim gim dn, bn knh nguyn t tng dn
Cu 7: Tnh cht no sau y ca cc nguyn t gim dn t tri sang phi trong 1 chu k:
A. m in
B. tnh kim loi
C. tnh phi kim
D. s oxh oxit
Cu 8: Trong bng HTTH, cc nguyn t c tnh phi kim in hnh v tr:
A. pha di bn tri
B. pha trn bn tri
C. pha trn bn phi
D. pha di bn phi
Cu 9: Nguyn t no sau y c tnh kim loi mnh nht:
A. Na
B. Mg
C. Al
Cu 10: Nguyn t no sau y c tnh phi kim mnh nht:
A. I
B. Cl
C. F

D. K
D. Br

Cu 11: Cho cc nguyn t M (Z = 11), X (Z = 17), Y (Z = 9) v R (Z = 19). m in ca

cc nguyn t tng dn theo th t:
A. R < M < X < Y
B. M < X < R < Y C. Y < M < X < R
D. M < X < Y < R
Cu 12: Bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t: 3Li, 8O, 9F, 11Na c xp theo th t tng
dn t tri sang phi l:
A. F, Li, O, Na B. F, Na, O, Li
C. Li, Na, O, F
D. F, O, Li, Na
Cu 13: Dy cc nguyn t nguyn t no sau y c sp xp theo chiu tng dn m
in:
A. Mg < Si < S < O
B. O < S < Si < Mg
C. Si < Mg < O < S
D. S <Mg<O < Si
Cu 14: Dy cc ion c bn knh tng dn l:
A. Ca2+ < K+ < Cl- < S2C. S2- < Cl- < K+ < Ca2+

B. K+ < Cl- < Ca2+ < S2D. Cl- < K+ < S2- < Ca2+

Cu 15: Cho nguyn t R, ion X2+ v ion Y2- c s electron lp v bng nhau. S sp xp bn
knh nguyn t no sau y l ng:
A. R < X2+ < Y2B. X2+ < R < Y2C. X2+ < Y2-< R D. Y2- < R < X2+
Cu 16: Tnh axit ca cc axit c oxi thuc phn nhm chnh V (VA) theo trt t gim dn l:
A. H3SbO4, H3AsO4, H3PO4, HNO3
B. HNO3, H3PO4, H3SbO4, H3AsO4
C. HNO3, H3PO4, H3AsO4, H3SbO4
D. H3AsO4, H3PO4, H3SbO4, HNO3
Cu 17: Dy cht no sau y c sp xp ng theo th t tnh axit gim dn:
A. H2SiO3, HAlO2, H3PO4, H2SO4, HClO4 B. HClO4, H3PO4, H2SO4, HAlO2, H2SiO3
C. HClO4, H2SO4, H3PO4, H2SiO3, HAlO2 D. H2SO4, HClO4, H3PO4, H2SiO3, HAlO2
Cu 18: Trong cc hidroxit sau, cht c tnh baz mnh nht l:
A. Be(OH)2
B. Ba(OH)2
C. Mg(OH)2
D. Ca(OH)2
Cu 19: (H-C)Trong mt nhm A (phn nhm chnh), tr nhm VIIIA (phn nhm chnh
nhm VIII), theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t th.
A. tnh kim loi tng dn, m in tng dn.
B. tnh kim loi tng dn, bn knh nguyn t gim dn.
C. m in gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn.
D. tnh phi kim gim dn, bn knh nguyn t tng dn.
Cu 20: (Khi A 2007) Cho cc nguyn t M (Z = 11), X (Z = 17), Y (Z = 9) v R (Z = 19).
m in ca cc nguyn t tng dn theo th t.
A. R < M < X < Y.
B. M < X < R < Y.
Y
<
M
<
X
<
R.
C.
D. M < X < Y < R.
Cu 21: (Khi A 2008) Bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t: 3Li, 8O, 9F, 11Na c xp theo
th t tng dn t tri sang phi l
Gio vin: L VN RIL

- 15 -

Ti Liu LTH Ha V C

A. F, Li, O, Na.

Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T

B. F, Na, O, Li.

C. Li, Na, O, F.

D. F, O, Li, Na.

Cu 22: (Khi B 2009) cho cc nguyn t: K(Z=19), N(Z=7), Si(Z=14), Mg(Z=12). Dy gm

cc nguyn t sp theo chiu gim dn bn knh:
A. Mg, K, Si, N
B. K, Mg, Si, N
C. K,Mg, N, Si
D. N, Si, Mg, K
Cu 23: (H-C) Dy cc nguyn t sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim t tri sang phi
l:
A. P, N, O, F.
B. P, N, F, O.
C. N, P, F, O.
D. N, P, O, F.
Cu 24: Chn cu sai :
A. Trong cng chu k, theo chiu tng dn in tch ht nhn, m in tng dn, bn
knh nguyn t gim dn.
B. Trong cng chu k, theo chiu tng dn in tch ht nhn, tnh kim loi gim tnh
phi kim tng, nng lng ion ha gim dn
C. Trong cng phn nhm, theo chiu in tch tng dn, m in gim dn, nng
lng ion ha gim dn.
D. Trong cng phn nhm, theo chiu in tch tng dn, tnh kim loi tng dn, tnh
phi kim gim dn, nng lng ion ha gim dn.
Cu 25: Cho : A (Z= 12), B(Z=9), C(Z=20), D(Z=17). Bn knh cc nguyn t theo th t tng
dn :
A. C>A>D>B
B. B<D<A<C
C. B<C<A<D
D. B<A<D<C
Dng 7: Lp cng thc phn t v xc nh loi lin kt
Cu 1: Oxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t R ng vi cng thc RO2. Trong hp cht ca nguyn
t vi hidro c 75% R v 25% H. Nguyn t l:
A. Mg
B. N
C. C
D. P
Cu 2: Oxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t RO3, trong hp cht ca n vi hiro c 5,88% H v
khi lng. Nguyn t khi ca R bng:
A. 24
B. 40
C. 32
D. 16
Cu 3: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns2np4. Trong hp
cht ca nguyn t X vi hiro, X chim 94,12% v khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca
nguyn t X trong oxit cao nht l:
A. 27,27%
B. 40,00%
C. 60,00%
D. 50,00%
Cu 4: Cng thc phn t ca hp cht kh to bi nguyn t R v hiro l RH3. Trong oxit m
R c ha tr cao nht l th oxi chim 74,07% v khi lng. Nguyn t R l:
A. As
B. N
C. P
D. S
Cu 5: Nguyn t nguyn t X thuc chu k 3, nhm VA trong bng tun hon. Tnh phn trm
khi lng ca X trong oxit cao nht v trong hp cht kh vi hiro.
Cu 6: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns2np2. Trong oxit
cao nht ca X oxi chim 53,33%. Xc nh X.
Cu 7: Nguyn t R c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l : ns2np5. Trong hp cht vi hydro,
R chim 98,77% v khi lng, trong oxit cao nht ca n vi oxi, R chim 58,82% v khi
lng. R l :
Cu 8: Nguyn t R trong bng HTTH khng to hp cht vi H. Trong oxit cao nht ca n
vi oxi, R chim 52,94% v khi lng. R l :
A. Na
B. Mg
C. Ca
D. Al
Cu 9: (Khi A 2009) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng ns2np4. Trong
hp cht kh ca X vi H, X chim 94,12% v khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca X trong
oxit cao nht ca n vi Oxi l:
A. 50%
B. 30%
C. 40%
D. 60%
Cu 10: R c % khi lng ca n trong hp cht vi H l 94,12%, trong oxit cao nht ca n
vi oxi, R chim 40% v khi lng. R l :
A. F
B. Cl
C. I
D. Br
Gio vin: L VN RIL

- 16 -

Ti Liu LTH Ha V C

Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T

Cu 11: Mt nguyn t R to vi oxi hai oxit. Trong oxit th nht, O chim 50% khi lng.
Trong oxit th hai, O chim 60% khi lng. R l :
A. Fe
B. P
C. S
D. N
Cu 12: S oxi ha ca R trong hp cht cao nht vi oxi l a, trong hp cht vi H l b. Bit :
ab=
6 . R l nguyn t no sau y, bit trong hp cht vi H n chim 97,26% v khi
lng.
A. P
B. N
C. S
D. Cl
Cu 13: Hp cht X to bi 2 nguyn t A, B v c phn t khi l 76, A v B c s oxi ho dng
cao nht trong cc oxit l n0 v m0 v c s oxi ho m trong cc hp cht vi hiro l nH v mH tho
mn cc iu kin | n0| = | nH| v | m0| = 3| mH|. Bit rng A c s oxi ho cao nht trong X. Trong
bng tun hon, B thuc :
A. Chu k 2, nhm VIA.
B. Chu k 3, nhm VA.
C. Chu k 3, nhm VIA.
D. Chu k 4, nhm VIIA.
Cu 14: Hp cht kh vi hiro ca mt nguyn t R l RH3. Oxit cao nht ca n cha 56,34%
oxi v khi lng. Nguyn t R l
A. lu hunh.
B. nhm.
C. photpho.
D. nit.
Cu 15: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns2np4. Trong
hp cht kh ca nguyn t X vi hiro, X chim 94,12% khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca
nguyn t X trong oxit cao nht l
A. 50,00%.
B. 27,27%.
C. 60,00%.
D. 40,00%.
Cu 16: Hp cht X to bi 2 nguyn t A, B v c phn t khi l 76, A v B c s oxi ho dng
cao nht trong cc oxit l +n0 v +m0 v c s oxi ho m trong cc hp cht vi hiro l nH v mH
tho mn cc iu kin | n0| = | nH| v | m0| = 3| mH|. Bit rng A c s oxi ho cao nht trong X.
Trong bng tun hon, A thuc
A. Chu k 2, nhm IVA.
B. Chu k 2, nhm VA.
C. Chu k 3, nhm IA.
D. Chu k 4, nhm IIA.
Cu 17: Cng thc phn t ca hp cht kh to bi nguyn t R v hiro l RH3. Trong oxit
m R c ho tr cao nht th oxi chim 74,07% v khi lng. Nguyn t R l:
A. As.
B. S.
C. N.
D. P.
Cu 18:Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns2np4. Trong hp
cht kh ca nguyn t X vi hiro, X chim 94,12% khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca
nguyn t X trong oxit cao nht l
A. 40%.
B. 50%.
C. 27,27%.
D. 60,00%.
Cu 19: Nguyn t R thuc nhm VIA trong bng HTTH trong hp cht ca R vi H (khng c
thm nguyn t khc) c 5,882% hiro v khi lng .R l nguyn t no di y ?
A. S
B. O
C. Se
D. N
Cu 20: (Khi B 2010) Cc cht m phn t khng phn cc l :
A. NH3, Br2, C2H4
B. Cl2, CO2, C2H2 C. HBr, CO2, CH4 D. H2O, Br2, Cl2
Cu 21: Lin kt trong phn t H2O l:
A. lin kt cng ha tr phn cc.
C. lin kt ion.

B. lin kt cng ha tr khng cc.

D. lin kt cho nhn.

Cu 22: Hp cht c lin kt cng ho tr c gi l

A. hp cht phc tp.
B. hp cht cng ha tr.
C. hp cht khng in li
.
D. hp cht trung ho in.
Cu 23: Lin kt cng ha tr tn ti do
A. cc m my electron.
C. cc cp electron dng chung.

B. cc electron ho tr.
D. lc ht tnh in.

Cu 24: Tu thuc vo s cp electron dng chung tham gia to thnh lin kt cng ha tr gia
2 nguyn t m lin kt c gi l
Gio vin: L VN RIL

- 17 -

Ti Liu LTH Ha V C

Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T

A. lin kt phn cc, lin kt lng cc, lin kt ba cc.

B. lin kt n gin, lin kt phc tp.
C. lin kt ba, lin kt n, lin kt i.
D. lin kt xich ma, lin kt pi, lin kt en ta.
Cu 25: Lin kt cng ho tr c hnh thnh do 2 electron ca mt nguyn t v mt orbitan
t do (trng) ca nguyn t khc th lin kt c gi l
A. lin kt cng ha tr khng cc.
B. lin kt cho nhn.
C. lin kt cng ha tr c cc.
C. lin kt hiro.
Cu 26: Lin kt ha hc gia cc ion c gi l
A. lin kt anion cation.
C. lin kt tnh in.

B. lin kt ion ha.

D. lin kt ion.

Cu 27: Lin kt kim loi c c trng bi

A. s tn ti mng li tinh th kim loi.
C. cc electron chuyn ng t do.

B. tnh dn in.
D. nh kim.

Cu 28: Cht c mng li tinh th nguyn t c c tnh

A. rn khng ln v nhit nng chy cao.
B. rn ln v nhit nng chy thp.
C. rn ln v nhit nng chy cao.
D. rn khng ln v nhit nng chy thp.
Cu 29: Cht c mng li tinh th phn t c c tnh
A. tan trong ru ln.
B. nhit nng chy cao.
C. d bay hi v ha rn.
D. nhit nng chy thp.
Cu 30: Cht c mng li tinh th ion c c tnh
A. nhit nng chy cao.
B. hot tnh ha hc cao.
C. tan tt.
D. d bay hi.
Cu 31: Lin kt ha hc trong phn t Hirosunfua l lin kt
A. ion .
B. cng ho tr.
C. hiro.
D. cho nhn.
Cu 32: Dy no trong s cc dy sau y ch cha cc lin kt cng ha tr?
A. BaCl2 ; CdCl2 ; LiF.
B. H2O ; SiO2 ; CH3COOH.
C. NaCl ; CuSO4 ; Fe(OH)3.
D. N2 ; HNO3 ; NaNO3.
Cu 33: Lin kt trong phn t NaCl l lin kt
A. cng ha tr phn cc.
C. cho nhn.

B. cng ha tr khng phn cc.

D. ion.

Cu 34: Lin kt trong phn t HCl l lin kt

A. cng ha tr phn cc.
B. cng ha tr khng phn cc.
C. cho nhn.
D. ion.
Cu 35: Trong phn t benzen c:
A. 3 lin kt v 12 lin kt
C. 3 lin kt v 6 lin kt

Gio vin: L VN RIL

B. 3 lin kt v 3 lin kt
D. 3 lin kt v 9 lin kt

- 18 -

Ti Liu LTH Ha V C

Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T

BI TP TRONG THI TSH 2007-2014

Cu 1: Mt nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 52 v c s
khi l 35. S hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t X l
A. 18.
B. 23.
C. 17.
D. 15.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2009)
Cu 2: Trong hp cht ion XY (X l kim loi, Y l phi kim), s electron ca cation bng s
electron ca anion v tng s electron trong XY l 20. Bit trong mi hp cht, Y ch c mt
mc oxi ha duy nht. Cng thc XY l
A. MgO.
B. AlN
C. NaF.
D. LiF.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2007)
Cu 3: Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc, nguyn t X nhm IIA, nguyn t Y
nhm VA. Cng thc ca hp cht to thnh 2 nguyn t trn c dng l
A. X3Y2.
B. X2Y3.
C. X5Y2.
D. X2Y5.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2011)
Cu 4: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. S ht
mang in ca mt nguyn t Y nhiu hn s ht mang in ca mt nguyn t X l 8 ht. Cc
nguyn t X v Y ln lt l (bit s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t: Na = 11; Al = 13; P = 15;
Cl = 17; Fe = 26)
A. Fe v Cl.
B. Na v Cl.
C. Al v Cl.
D. Al v P.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2008)
Cu 5: Trong t nhin, nguyn t ng c hai ng v l

63
29

Cu ,

65
29

Cu . Nguyn t khi trung

bnh ca ng l 63,54. Thnh phn phn trm tng s nguyn t ca ng v

A. 27%.
B. 50%.
C. 54%.
D. 73%.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2007)
Cu 6: Trong t nhin clo c hai ng v bn:

37
17

65
29

Cu

Cl chim 24,23% tng s nguyn t, cn li l

Cl . Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Cl trong HClO4 l:

A. 8,92%.
B. 8,43%.
C. 8,56%.
D. 8,79%.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2011)
35
17

37
17

Cu 7: Mt ion M3+ c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 79, trong s ht mang in

nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 19. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t M l
A. [Ar]3d54s1.
B. [Ar]3d64s2.
C. [Ar] 3d64s1.
D. [Ar] 3d34s2.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2010)
Cu 8: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu2+ v Cr3+ ln lt l :
A. [Ar]3d9 v [Ar]3d3.
B. [Ar] 3d74s2 v [Ar]3d14s2.
9
1 2
C. [Ar]3d v [Ar]3d 4s .
D. [Ar] 3d74s2 v [Ar]3d3.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi A 2011)
Cu 9: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c electron mc nng lng cao nht l 3p. Nguyn t ca
nguyn t Y cng c electron mc nng lng 3p v c mt electron lp ngoi cng.
Nguyn t X v Y c s electron hn km nhau l 2. Nguyn t X, Y ln lt l
A. kim loi v kim loi.
B. phi kim v kim loi.
C. kim loi v kh him.
D. kh him v kim loi.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2009)
Cu 10: Dy gm cc ion X+, Y- v nguyn t Z u c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p6 l:
A. Na+, Cl-, Ar.
B. Li+, F-, Ne.
C. Na+, F-, Ne.
D. K+, Cl-, Ar.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi A 2007)
Cu 11: Anion X- v cation Y2+ u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s23p6. V tr ca cc
nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc l:
A. X c s th t 17, chu k 4, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t
20, chu k 4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
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Ti Liu LTH Ha V C

Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T

B. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VI); Y c s th t

20, chu k 4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
C. X c s th t 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t
20, chu k 4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
D. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t
20, chu k 3, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi A 2007)
Cu 12: Cu hnh electron ca ion X2+ l 1s2 2s22p63s23p63d6. Trong bng tun hon cc
nguyn t ho hc, nguyn t X thuc
A. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA.
B. chu k 4, nhm IIA.
C. chu k 3, nhm VIB.
D. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi A 2009)
Cu 13: Cng thc phn t ca hp cht kh to bi nguyn t R v hiro l RH3. Trong oxit
m R c ho tr cao nht th oxi chim 74,07% v khi lng. Nguyn t R l
A. As.
B. N.
C. S.
D. P.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2008)
Cu 14: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns2np4. Trong hp
cht kh ca nguyn t X vi hiro, X chim 94,12% khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca
nguyn t X trong oxit cao nht l
A. 50,00%.
B. 27,27%.
C. 60,00%.
D. 40,00%.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi A 2009)
Cu 15: Trong mt nhm A (phn nhm chnh), tr nhm VIIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm
VIII), theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t th
A. m in gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn.
B. tnh phi kim gim dn, bn knh nguyn t tng dn.
C. tnh kim loi tng dn, m in tng dn.
D. tnh kim loi tng dn, bn knh nguyn t gim dn.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2007)
Cu 16: Cho cc nguyn t M (Z = 11), X (Z = 17), Y (Z = 9) v R (Z = 19). m in ca
cc nguyn t tng dn theo th t
A. Y < M < X < R.
B. R < M < X < Y.
C. M < X < Y < R.
D. M < X < R < Y.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2007)
Cu 17: Bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t: 3Li, 8O, 9F, 11Na c xp theo th t tng
dn t tri sang phi l
A. F, Na, O, Li.
B. F, Li, O, Na.
C. F, O, Li, Na. D. Li, Na, O, F.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi A 2008)
Cu 18: Cho cc nguyn t: K (Z = 19), N (Z = 7), Si (Z = 14), Mg (Z = 12). Dy gm cc
nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn t t tri sang phi l
A. N, Si, Mg, K.
B. K, Mg, Si, N.
C. K, Mg, N, Si. D. Mg, K, Si, N.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2009)
Cu 19: Dy cc nguyn t sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim t tri sang phi l
A. P, N, O, F.
B. P, N, F, O.
C. N, P, O, F.
D. N, P, F, O.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2007)
Cu 20: (Khi A 2104) Lin kt ha hc gia cc nguyn t trong phn t NH3 l lin kt
A. cng ha tr khng cc
B. hiro
C. ion
D. cng ha tr phn cc
Cu 21: (Khi A 2104) Cu hnh electron trng thi c bn ca nguyn t nguyn t X c
tng s electron trong cc phn lp p l 8. Nguyn t X l
A. O (Z=8)
B. Cl (Z=17)
C. Al (Z=13)
D. Si (Z=14)

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Ti Liu LTH Ha V C

Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T

Cu 22: (Khi B 2104)Hai nguyn t X v Y cng mt chu k trong bng tun hon cc nguyn
t ha hc, X thuc nhm IIA, Y thuc nhm IIIA (ZX + ZY = 51). Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Kim loi X khng kh c ion Cu2+ trong dung dch
B. Hp cht vi oxi ca X c dng X2O7
C. Trong nguyn t nguyn t X c 25 proton
D. nhit thng X khng kh c H2O
Cu 23: (Khi B 2104) Ion X2+ c cu hnh electron trng thi c bn 1s22s22p6 . Nguyn t
X l:
A. Ne (Z = 10)
B. Mg (Z = 12)
C. Na (Z = 11)
D. O (Z = 8)
Cu 24: (Khi A 2103) trng thi c bn, cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Na (Z = 11) l
2 2
6 2
2 2
5 2
2 2
4 1
2 2
6 1
A. 1s 2s 2p 3s .
B. 1s 2s 2p 3s .
C. 1s 2s 2p 3s .
D. 1s 2s 2p 3s .
Cu 25: (Khi A 2103) Lin kt ha hc gia cc nguyn t trong phn t HCl thuc loi lin
kt
A. hiro.
B. cng ha tr khng cc.
C. cng ha tr c cc.
D. ion.
Cu 26: (Khi A 2103) Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc, crom thuc chu k 4, nhm VIB.
(b) Cc oxit ca crom u l oxit baz.
(c) Trong cc hp cht, s oxi ha cao nht ca crom l +6.
(d) Trong cc phn ng ha hc, hp cht crom(III) ch ng vai tr cht oxi ha.
(e) Khi phn ng vi kh Cl d, crom to ra hp cht crom(III).
2

Trong cc pht biu trn, nhng pht biu ng l:

A. (a), (c) v (e).
B. (b), (c) v (e).
C. (a), (b) v (e).
D. (b), (d) v (e).
Cu 27: (Khi B 2103) Cho gi tr m in ca cc nguyn t: F (3,98); O (3,44); C (2,55);
H (2,20); Na (0,93). Hp cht no sau y l hp cht ion?
A. NaF.
B. CH4.
C. H2O.
D. CO2.
Cu 28: (Khi A 2102) Nguyn t R to c cation R+. Cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi
cng ca R+ ( trng thi c bn) l 2p6. Tng s ht mang in trong nguyn t R l
A. 11.
B. 10.
C. 22.
D. 23.
Cu 29: (Khi A 2102) Phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t R trong hp cht kh vi hiro (R
c s oxi ha thp nht) v trong oxit cao nht tng ng l a% v b%, vi a : b = 11 : 4. Pht
biu no sau y l ng?
A. Oxit cao nht ca R iu kin thng l cht rn.
B. Nguyn t R ( trng thi c bn) c 6 electron s.
C. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc, R thuc chu k 3.
D. Phn t oxit cao nht ca R khng c cc.
Cu 30: (Khi A 2102) X v Y l hai nguyn t thuc cng mt chu k, hai nhm A lin tip.
S proton ca nguyn t Y nhiu hn s proton ca nguyn t X. Tng s ht proton trong
nguyn t X v Y l 33. Nhn xt no sau y v X, Y l ng?
A. m in ca X ln hn m in ca Y.
B. n cht X l cht kh iu kin thng.
C. Lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t Y ( trng thi c bn) c 5 electron.
D. Phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t X ( trng thi c bn) c 4 electron.
Cu 31: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Nguyn t kim loi thng c 1, 2 hoc 3 electron lp ngoi cng.
B. Cc nhm A bao gm cc nguyn t s v nguyn t p.
C. Trong mt chu k, bn knh nguyn t kim loi nh hn bn knh nguyn t phi kim
D. Cc kim loi thng c nh kim do cc electron t do phn x nh sng nhn thy
c.
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