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CHUYN 1:
Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T
I. CU TO NGUYN T
1. Cc loi ht trong nguyn t
Nguyn t gm ht nhn mang in tch dng v lp v nguyn t mang in tch m.
- Ht nhn gm proton (P) mang in tch dng, ntron (N) khng mang in.
- Electron (E) mang in tch m cn gi l in t.
2. Ht nhn nguyn t, nguyn t ha hc, ng v
a. Ht nhn nguyn t
- S hiu nguyn t Z = S in tch ht nhn = S P = S E.
- S khi A = tng s proton Z + tng s ntron N
N
1,524
(*)
- Nu Z < 82 th ta lun c 1
Z
b. Nguyn t ha hc
- S hiu nguyn t: l s in tch ht nhn Z ca nguyn t mt nguyn t.
- K hiu nguyn t:
- Nguyn t X c s hiu nguyn t l Z
- S khi l A
Th d:
18
8
c. ng v
- L nhng nguyn t ca cng mt nguyn t.
- Cng s proton P (Z), nhng s khi A khc nhau, N khc nhau.
Th d:
35
17
37
17
Vy
35
17
O,
37
17
O l hai ng v.
Vi :
x11 + x 2 2 + ... + x n n
x1 + x 2 + ... + x n
3. Cu to v nguyn t
a. Lp electron
- Cc electron c nng lng gn bng nhau c xp vo cng mt lp.
- Lp e cng gn ht nhn c mc nng lng cng thp.
- S electron ti a c trong lp th n bng 2n2.
Lp electron (n)
Tn lp electron
S electron t a (2n2)
1
K
2
2
L
8
3
M
18
-1-
4
N
32
5
O
6
P
7
Q
Ti Liu LTH Ha V C
Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T
b. Phn lp electron
- Cc electron c nng lng bng nhau c xp vo cng mt phn lp.
- Cc phn lp c k hiu: s, p, d, f.
- S phn lp trong mi lp bng s th t ca lp .
Th d:
+ Lp th 1 c 1 phn lp l 1s
+ Lp th 2 c 2 phn lp l 2s, 2p
+ Lp th 3 c 3 phn lp l 3s, 3p, 3d
c. Obitan nguyn t
- L khu vc khng gian xung quanh ht nhn nguyn t m kh nng c mt ca
electron l ln nht.
- Mi obitan cha ti a 2e.
- S obitan trn cc phn lp s, p, d, f ln lt l cc s l: 1, 3, 5, 7.
d. Cu hnh electron v cch vit cu hnh electron.
- Nguyn l vng bn: trong nguyn t cc e chim cc mc nng lng t thp n cao.
- Qui tc Klexkopski: th t cc phn mc nng lng t thp n cao xp theo dy sau:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p,...
Th d 1: Vit cu hnh electron ca Fe (Z = 26).
Mc nng lng: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6
Cu hnh electron: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2
- Trn c s cu hnh electron ca nguyn t, ta d dng vit cu hnh electron ca cation
hoc anion to ra t nguyn t ca nguyn t .
Th d 2: Cu hnh electron ca cation.
Fe2+: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6
Fe3+: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5
- i vi anion th thm vo lp ngoi cng s electron m nguyn t nhn.
Th d 3: Cu hnh electron ca anion.
S(Z = 16) : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4.
S2- : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
Lu : Cn hiu electron lp ngoi cng theo cu hnh electron ch khng theo mc nng
lng. Do cn phn bit e ngoi cng v e c nng lng cao nht.
- Nguyn l loi tr Pauli: Trong mt phn lp cha electron, cc electron c xu hng
chim cc obitan sao cho s electron c thn l nhiu nht.
- Qui tc Hund: Trong mt phn lp cha electron, cc electron c xu hng chim cc
obitan sao cho s electron c thn l nhiu nht.
- i vi mt s nguyn t (ch yu l cc nguyn t phn nhm ph nhm I, IV) thng
xy ra hin tng bo ha gp v bn bo ha gp l hin tng mt s e phn lp s
ca lp ngoi cng chuyn vo phn lp d ca lp pha trong gn k t c cu trc bo
ha hay bn bo ha bn hn.
Th d:
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Ti Liu LTH Ha V C
Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T
S TT = S Z = S P = S E
Chu k
(tri qua phi)
Nhm A
(trn xung di)
Bn knh
nguyn t (r)
m in
()
Gim dn
Tng dn
Gim dn
Tng dn
Tng dn
Gim dn
Tng dn
Gim dn
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Ti Liu LTH Ha V C
Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T
BI TP TRC NGHIM
Dng 1: L thuyt v cu to nguyn t
Cu 1: Ht nhn ca hu ht cc nguyn t do cc loi ht sau cu to nn
A. electron, proton v ntron
B. electron v ntron
C. proton v ntron
D. electron v proton
Cu 2: Mt nguyn t c c trng c bn bng
A. S proton v in tch ht nhn
B. S proton v s electron
C. S khi A v s ntron
D. S khi A v in tch ht nhn
Cu 3: Nguyn t ha hc bao gm cc nguyn t:
A. C cng s khi A
B. C cng s proton
C. C cng s ntron
D. C cng s proton v s ntron
Cu 4: iu khng nh no sau y l sai ?
A. Ht nhn nguyn t c cu to nn bi cc ht proton, electron, ntron.
B. Trong nguyn t s ht proton bng s ht electron.
C. S khi A l tng s proton (Z) v tng s ntron (N).
D. Nguyn t c cu to nn bi cc ht proton, electron, ntron.
Cu 5: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Nguyn t c cu to t cc ht c bn l p, n, e.
B. Nguyn t c cu trc c kht, gm v nguyn t v ht nhn nguyn t.
C. Ht nhn nguyn t cu to bi cc ht proton v ht ntron.
D. V nguyn t c cu to t cc ht electron.
Cu 6: Mnh no sau y khng ng ?
(1) S in tch ht nhn c trng cho 1 nguyn t
(2) Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxi mi c 8 proton.
(3) Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxi mi c 8 ntron
(4) Ch c trong nguyn t oxi mi c 8 electron.
A. 3 v 4
B. 1 v 3
C. 4
D. 3
27
13
Al
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Ti Liu LTH Ha V C
Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T
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Ti Liu LTH Ha V C
Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T
Cu 10: Tng s ht c bn trong phn t M2X bng 116, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn
s ht khng mang in l 36. S khi ca X ln hn ca M l 9. Tng s ht (p, e, n) trong X2nhiu hn trong M+ l 17. Xc nh s khi ca M v X.
Cu 11: Hai nguyn t X v Y thuc chu k 3, iu kin thng l cht rn. Bit 8,1 gam X c
s mol nhiu hn 4,8 gam Y l 0,1 mol v MX MY = 3. X v Y ln lt l
A. Si v Na
B. Al v Mg
C. Mg v Al
D. Be v Li
56
Cu 12: S ht electron v s ht ntron c trong mt nguyn t l 26 Fe l:
A. 26e, 56n
B. 26e, 30n
C. 26e, 26n
D. 30e, 30n
+
+
Cu 13: S electron trong cc ion sau: NO3 , NH 4 , HCO3 , H , SO 42- , H+ theo th t l:
A. 32, 12, 32, 1, 50
B. 31,11, 31, 2, 48
C. 32, 10, 32, 2, 46
D. 32, 10, 32, 0, 50
Cu 14: Nguyn t X c s hiu 24, s ntron l 28. X c:
A. s khi l 52
B. s e l 28
C. in tch ht nhn l 24
D. s p l 28
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Ti Liu LTH Ha V C
A. Al v P
B. Fe v Cl
Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T
C. Al v Cl
D. Na v Cl
Cu 27: Hp cht AB2 c A chim 50% v khi lng (%mA = 50%) v tng s proton l 32.
Nguyn t A v B u c s p bng s n. AB2 l:
A. NO2
B. SO2
C. CO2
D. SiO2
Cu 28: Phn t MX3 c tng s ht proton, ntron v electron bng 196, trong ht mang
in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. Khi lng nguyn t ca X ln hn ca M l 8.
Tng s ht trong X- nhiu hn trong M+ l 16. Cng thc ca MX3 l:
A. CrCl3
B. FeCl3
C. AlCl3
D. SnCl3
Cu 29: Trong anion XY32- c 30 proton. Trong nguyn t X cng nh Y c s proton bng s
ntron. X v Y ln lt l:
A. C v O
B. S v O
C. Si v O
D. C v S
Cu 30: Tng s ht mang in trong ion AB32- bng 82. S ht mang in trong nhn nguyn t
A nhiu hn s ht mang in trong nhn ca nguyn t B l 8. S hiu nguyn t A v B (theo
th t) l:
A. 12 v 4
B. 24 v 16
C. 16 v 8
D. 14 v 6
Cu 31: Hp cht A c to thnh t ion M+ v ion X2-. Tng s 3 loi ht trong A l 164.
Tng s cc ht mang in trong ion M+ ln hn tng s ht mang in trong ion X2- l 3. Trong
nguyn t M, s ht proton t hn s ht ntron l 1 ht, trong nguyn t X s ht proton bng
s ht ntron. M v X l :
A. K v S
B. Na v S
C. Li v S
D. K v O
Cu 32: Tng s ht ca mt nguyn t kim loi X l 155. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht
khng mang in l 33 ht. Kt lun no sau y khng ng :
A. in tch ht nhn ca X l 47
B. X c 2 electron lp ngoi cng
C. S khi X l 108
D. X c 5 lp electron.
Cu 33: (Khi B 2008) Tng s ht trong hai nguyn t kim loi X v Y l 142, trong tng
s ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 42. S ht mang in ca nguyn t Y
nhiu hn ca X l 12. Hai kim loi l:
A. Ca v Fe
B. Ca v Mg
C. Al v Fe
D. Na v Al
Cu 34: Tng s ht proton, ntron , electron trong hai nguyn t ca nguyn t X v Y l 96
trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 32 . S ht mang in
ca nguyn t Y nhiu hn ca X l 16. X v Y ln lt l
A. Mg v Ca
B. Be v Mg
C. Ca v Sr
D. Na v Ca
Cu 35: Cho hp cht MX3. Tng s ht n,p,e l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s
ht khng mang in l 60. S khi nguyn t X ln hn M l 8. Tng s 3 loi ht trong ion Xnhiu hn ion M3+ l 16. M v X l:
A. Al v Cl
B. Mg v Cl
C. Na v Cl
D. K v Cl
Cu 36: Hp cht A c to thnh t ion M+ v ion X2- .Tng s 3 loi ht trong A l 164
.Tng s cc ht mang in trong M ln hn tng s ht mang in trong X l 6 .Trong nguyn
t M, s ht proton t hn s ht ntron l 1 ht , trong nguyn t X s ht proton bng s ht
ntron . M v X l
A. K v O
B. Na v S
C. Li v S
D. K v S
Cu 37: Trong hp cht ion XY (X l kim loi, Y l phi kim), s electron ca cation bng s
electron ca anion v tng s electron trong XY l 20. Bit trong mi hp cht, Y ch c mt
mc oxi ha duy nht. Cng thc XY l
A. NaF.
B. AlN.
C. MgO.
D. LiF.
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Ti Liu LTH Ha V C
Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T
17
8
O v
17
8
18
8
O . Hi c th c
O v
18
8
O . Hi c th
65
29
Cu v
63
29
Cu . %
D. 27 v 73
Cl chim
35
17
75% v ng v Cl chim 25%. Phn trm khi lng ca Cl trong mui KClO3 l (cho K
= 39; O = 16):
A. 28,95%
B. 7,55%
C. 25,6%
D. 8,96%
37
17
37
17
63
29
Cu v
37
17
37
17
65
29
63
29
Cu trong Cu(OH)2.5H2O l
C. 33,58%
D. 24,52%
Cl trong HClO4 l:
C. 8,56%
D. 8,79%
A2
Cu 10: ng trong t nhin c hai ng v l X1 ( 2963Cu ) v X2 ( 29
Cu ) . Nguyn t khi trung
bnh ca ng l 63,54. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca X1 trong CuSO4.5H2O l
18,43%. Xc nh phn trm khi lng ca ng v X2 trong CuSO4.5H2O.
Cu 11: Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Clo bng 35,5. Trong t nhin Clo c hai ng v l
35
37
37
17 Cl v 17 Cl . Tnh phn trm khi lng ca 17 Cl trong HClO3 (cho bit H = 1; O = 16).
Cu 12: Nguyn t Cu c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 63,54. Cu c hai ng v l Y v Z, bit
tng s khi bng 128. S nguyn t ng v Y bng 0,37 s nguyn t ng v Z. Xc nh s
khi ca Y v Z.
Cu 13: Mt nguyn t X gm hai ng v X1 v X2. ng v X1 c tng s ht c bn l 18.
ng v X2 c tng s ht bng 20. Bit rng phn trm cc ng v trong X bng nhau v cc
loi ht trong X1 cng bng nhau. Xc inh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X.
Cu 14: X v Y l hai ng v ca nguyn t A (s th t 17) c tng s khi l 72. Hiu s
1
s ht mang in dng ca bng 16). T s nguyn t ca X v Y
ntron ca X, Y bng
8
bng 32,75:98,25. Tm s khi ca hai ng v trn. Suy ra khi lng mol trung bnh ca A.
Gio vin: L VN RIL
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Ti Liu LTH Ha V C
Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T
Cu 16: Nguyn t X c hai ng v, ng v th nht 35X chim 75%. Nguyn t khi trung
bnh ca X l 35,5. ng v th hai l:
A. 34X
B. 37X
C. 36X
D.38X
Cu 17: Mt nguyn t R c 2 ng v vi t l s nguyn t l 27/23. Ht nhn ca R c 35 ht
proton. ng v th nht c 44 ht ntron, ng v th 2 c s khi nhiu hn ng v th nht
l 2. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t R l:
A. 79,2
B. 79,8
C. 79,92
D. 80,5
Cu 18: Nguyn t X c hai ng v X1 v X2. Tng s ht khng mang in trong X1 v X2 l
90. Nu cho 1,2 gam Ca tc dng vi mt lng X va th thu c 5,994 gam hp cht
CaX2. Bit t l s nguyn t X1 : X2 = 9 : 11. S khi ca X1, X2 ln lt l:
A. 81 v 79
B. 75 v 85
C. 79 v 81
D. 85 v 75
Cu 19: Nguyn t Cu c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 63,54 vi 2 ng v X v Y, c tng s
khi l 128. S nguyn t ng v X = 0,37 s nguyn t ng v Y. Vy s ntron ca ng v
Y t hn s ntron ca ng v X l:
A. 2 ht
B. 4 ht
C. 6 ht
D. 1 ht
Dng 3: Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t v ion
Th d 1: Cho N (Z = 7); Na (Z = 11). Vit cu hnh electron ca N3- v Na+.
Th d 2: Cho Fe (Z = 26); Cu (Z = 29). Vit cu hnh electron ca Fe2+; Fe3+; Cu+; Cu2+.
Th d 3: Cr (Z = 24) c 24 electron
3+
Cu 1: S proton, ntron, electron ca 52
24 Cr ln lt l:
A. 24, 28, 24.
B. 24, 28, 21.
C. 24, 30, 21.
35
17
Cl l
B. 35.
D. 51.
D. [Ar] 4s23d4
B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d6
D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1
D. Fe2+
B. 1s22s22p63s23d5
D. 1s22s22p63s23p34s2
B. 1s22s22p63s23p43d9 4s2
D. 1s22s22p63s23p44s13d10
D. [Ar]3d8
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Ti Liu LTH Ha V C
Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T
Cu 11: Ion M3+ c cu hnh electron phn lp c nng lng cao nht l 3d2, cu hnh
electron ca nguyn t M l:
A. [Ar] 3d34s2
B. [Ar] 3d54s2
C. [Ar] 3d5
D. [Ar] 3d24s3
Cu 12: trng thi c bn, tng s e trong cc obitan s ca mt nguyn t c s hiu 13 l:
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 7
Cu 13: Nguyn t c s hiu 13, c khuynh hng mt s e l:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
D. 1s22s22p63s23p1
11Y:
1s22s22p63s1 ;
13Z:
D. 9
Cu 20: Nguyn t lu hunh S nm th 16 trong bng h thng tun hon. Bit rng cc
electron ca nguyn t S c phn b trn 3 lp electron (K, L, M). S electron lp L trong
nguyn t lu hunh l:
A. 6
B. 8
C. 10
D. 2
Cu 21: Cho cc nguyn t: 1H; 3Li; 11Na; 7N; 8O; 9F; 2He; 10Ne. Nguyn t ca nguyn t
khng c electron c thn l:
A. H, Li, Na, F
B. O
C. He, Ne
D. N
Cu 22: Cho cc nguyn t: 1H; 3Li; 11Na; 7N; 8O; 9F; 2He; 10Ne. Nguyn t ca nguyn t
c electron c thn bng 1 l:
A. H, Li, Na, F
B. H, Li, Na
C. O, N
D. N
Cu 23: Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c tng s ht p, n, e bng 18 v s ht khng mang in
bng trung bnh cng ca tng s ht mang in. Vy s electron c thn ca nguyn t R l:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Cu 24: trng thi c bn, nguyn t ca nguyn t P (Z=15) c s electron c thn l:
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
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Ti Liu LTH Ha V C
Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T
D. Fe2+
B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2
D. 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10
D. [Ar]3d8
Cu 36: Cation M2+ c cu hnh e phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6, cu hnh e ca nguyn t M l:
A. 1s22s22p6
B. 1s22s22p63s1
C. 1s22s22p63s2
D. 1s22s22p4
Dng 4: Xc nh v tr ca nguyn t trong BTH
Cu 1: Cu hnh electron ca ion Y 2+ l 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. Trong bng tun hon cc
nguyn t ho hc, nguyn t Y thuc
A. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA.
B. chu k 4, nhm IIA.
C. chu k 3, nhm VIB.
D. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
Cu 2: Xc nh v tr ca Mg (Z = 12) trong bng tun hon.
Cu 3: Xc nh v tr ca Cl (Z = 17) trong bng tun hon.
Cu 4: Xc nh v tr ca Fe (Z = 26) trong bng tun hon.
Cu 5: Xc nh v tr ca Cu (Z = 29) trong bng tun hon.
Cu 6: Cho ion Al3+ c cu hnh 1s22s22p6. Xc nh v tr ca Al trong bng tun hon.
Cu 7: Cho ion M3+ c cu hnh l [Ar]3d5. Xc nh v tr ca M trong bng tun hon.
Cu 8: Cho ion R2+ c cu hnh l [Ar]3d9. Xc nh v tr ca M trong bng tun hon.
Cu 9: Chu k l dy nguyn t c cng:
A. s lp e
B. s e ha tr
C. s p
D. S in tch ht nhn
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Ti Liu LTH Ha V C
Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T
Cu 12: Trong bng HTTH hin nay, s chu k nh (ngn) v chu k ln (di) ln lt l:
A. 3 v 3
B. 3 v 4
C. 4 v 3
D. 3 v 6
Cu 13: Chu k cha nhiu nguyn t nht trong bng HTTH hin nay c s lng nguyn t
A. 18
B. 28
C. 32
D. 24
Cu 14: Nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh nhm VII (VIIA) cn gi l:
A. kim loi kim
B. kim loi kim th
C. halogen
Cu 15: Cc nguyn t h d v f (phn nhm B) u l:
A. kim loi in hnh
B. kim loi
C. phi kim ch tip
D. kh him
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Ti Liu LTH Ha V C
Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T
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Ti Liu LTH Ha V C
Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T
C. brom
D. iot
Cu 5: Cc ion hoc cc nguyn t sau Cl-, Ar, Ca2+ u c 18e. Dy sp xp chng theo chiu
bn knh gim dn l:
A. Ar, Ca2+, Cl- B. Cl-, Ca2+, Ar
C. Cl-, Ar, Ca2+
D. Ca2+, Ar, ClGio vin: L VN RIL
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Ti Liu LTH Ha V C
Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T
Cu 6: Trong mt nhm A (phn nhm chnh), tr nhm VIIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VIII),
theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t th:
A. tnh kim loi tng dn, m in tng dn
B. tnh kim loi tng dn, bn knh nguyn t gim dn
C. m in gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn
D. tnh phi kim gim dn, bn knh nguyn t tng dn
Cu 7: Tnh cht no sau y ca cc nguyn t gim dn t tri sang phi trong 1 chu k:
A. m in
B. tnh kim loi
C. tnh phi kim
D. s oxh oxit
Cu 8: Trong bng HTTH, cc nguyn t c tnh phi kim in hnh v tr:
A. pha di bn tri
B. pha trn bn tri
C. pha trn bn phi
D. pha di bn phi
Cu 9: Nguyn t no sau y c tnh kim loi mnh nht:
A. Na
B. Mg
C. Al
Cu 10: Nguyn t no sau y c tnh phi kim mnh nht:
A. I
B. Cl
C. F
D. K
D. Br
B. K+ < Cl- < Ca2+ < S2D. Cl- < K+ < S2- < Ca2+
Cu 15: Cho nguyn t R, ion X2+ v ion Y2- c s electron lp v bng nhau. S sp xp bn
knh nguyn t no sau y l ng:
A. R < X2+ < Y2B. X2+ < R < Y2C. X2+ < Y2-< R D. Y2- < R < X2+
Cu 16: Tnh axit ca cc axit c oxi thuc phn nhm chnh V (VA) theo trt t gim dn l:
A. H3SbO4, H3AsO4, H3PO4, HNO3
B. HNO3, H3PO4, H3SbO4, H3AsO4
C. HNO3, H3PO4, H3AsO4, H3SbO4
D. H3AsO4, H3PO4, H3SbO4, HNO3
Cu 17: Dy cht no sau y c sp xp ng theo th t tnh axit gim dn:
A. H2SiO3, HAlO2, H3PO4, H2SO4, HClO4 B. HClO4, H3PO4, H2SO4, HAlO2, H2SiO3
C. HClO4, H2SO4, H3PO4, H2SiO3, HAlO2 D. H2SO4, HClO4, H3PO4, H2SiO3, HAlO2
Cu 18: Trong cc hidroxit sau, cht c tnh baz mnh nht l:
A. Be(OH)2
B. Ba(OH)2
C. Mg(OH)2
D. Ca(OH)2
Cu 19: (H-C)Trong mt nhm A (phn nhm chnh), tr nhm VIIIA (phn nhm chnh
nhm VIII), theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t th.
A. tnh kim loi tng dn, m in tng dn.
B. tnh kim loi tng dn, bn knh nguyn t gim dn.
C. m in gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn.
D. tnh phi kim gim dn, bn knh nguyn t tng dn.
Cu 20: (Khi A 2007) Cho cc nguyn t M (Z = 11), X (Z = 17), Y (Z = 9) v R (Z = 19).
m in ca cc nguyn t tng dn theo th t.
A. R < M < X < Y.
B. M < X < R < Y.
Y
<
M
<
X
<
R.
C.
D. M < X < Y < R.
Cu 21: (Khi A 2008) Bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t: 3Li, 8O, 9F, 11Na c xp theo
th t tng dn t tri sang phi l
Gio vin: L VN RIL
- 15 -
Ti Liu LTH Ha V C
A. F, Li, O, Na.
Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T
B. F, Na, O, Li.
C. Li, Na, O, F.
D. F, O, Li, Na.
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Ti Liu LTH Ha V C
Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T
Cu 11: Mt nguyn t R to vi oxi hai oxit. Trong oxit th nht, O chim 50% khi lng.
Trong oxit th hai, O chim 60% khi lng. R l :
A. Fe
B. P
C. S
D. N
Cu 12: S oxi ha ca R trong hp cht cao nht vi oxi l a, trong hp cht vi H l b. Bit :
ab=
6 . R l nguyn t no sau y, bit trong hp cht vi H n chim 97,26% v khi
lng.
A. P
B. N
C. S
D. Cl
Cu 13: Hp cht X to bi 2 nguyn t A, B v c phn t khi l 76, A v B c s oxi ho dng
cao nht trong cc oxit l n0 v m0 v c s oxi ho m trong cc hp cht vi hiro l nH v mH tho
mn cc iu kin | n0| = | nH| v | m0| = 3| mH|. Bit rng A c s oxi ho cao nht trong X. Trong
bng tun hon, B thuc :
A. Chu k 2, nhm VIA.
B. Chu k 3, nhm VA.
C. Chu k 3, nhm VIA.
D. Chu k 4, nhm VIIA.
Cu 14: Hp cht kh vi hiro ca mt nguyn t R l RH3. Oxit cao nht ca n cha 56,34%
oxi v khi lng. Nguyn t R l
A. lu hunh.
B. nhm.
C. photpho.
D. nit.
Cu 15: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns2np4. Trong
hp cht kh ca nguyn t X vi hiro, X chim 94,12% khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca
nguyn t X trong oxit cao nht l
A. 50,00%.
B. 27,27%.
C. 60,00%.
D. 40,00%.
Cu 16: Hp cht X to bi 2 nguyn t A, B v c phn t khi l 76, A v B c s oxi ho dng
cao nht trong cc oxit l +n0 v +m0 v c s oxi ho m trong cc hp cht vi hiro l nH v mH
tho mn cc iu kin | n0| = | nH| v | m0| = 3| mH|. Bit rng A c s oxi ho cao nht trong X.
Trong bng tun hon, A thuc
A. Chu k 2, nhm IVA.
B. Chu k 2, nhm VA.
C. Chu k 3, nhm IA.
D. Chu k 4, nhm IIA.
Cu 17: Cng thc phn t ca hp cht kh to bi nguyn t R v hiro l RH3. Trong oxit
m R c ho tr cao nht th oxi chim 74,07% v khi lng. Nguyn t R l:
A. As.
B. S.
C. N.
D. P.
Cu 18:Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns2np4. Trong hp
cht kh ca nguyn t X vi hiro, X chim 94,12% khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca
nguyn t X trong oxit cao nht l
A. 40%.
B. 50%.
C. 27,27%.
D. 60,00%.
Cu 19: Nguyn t R thuc nhm VIA trong bng HTTH trong hp cht ca R vi H (khng c
thm nguyn t khc) c 5,882% hiro v khi lng .R l nguyn t no di y ?
A. S
B. O
C. Se
D. N
Cu 20: (Khi B 2010) Cc cht m phn t khng phn cc l :
A. NH3, Br2, C2H4
B. Cl2, CO2, C2H2 C. HBr, CO2, CH4 D. H2O, Br2, Cl2
Cu 21: Lin kt trong phn t H2O l:
A. lin kt cng ha tr phn cc.
C. lin kt ion.
B. cc electron ho tr.
D. lc ht tnh in.
Cu 24: Tu thuc vo s cp electron dng chung tham gia to thnh lin kt cng ha tr gia
2 nguyn t m lin kt c gi l
Gio vin: L VN RIL
- 17 -
Ti Liu LTH Ha V C
Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T
B. tnh dn in.
D. nh kim.
B. 3 lin kt v 3 lin kt
D. 3 lin kt v 9 lin kt
- 18 -
Ti Liu LTH Ha V C
Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T
63
29
Cu ,
65
29
37
17
65
29
Cu
37
17
- 19 -
Ti Liu LTH Ha V C
Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T
- 20 -
Ti Liu LTH Ha V C
Chuyn 1: Cu To Nguyn T
Cu 22: (Khi B 2104)Hai nguyn t X v Y cng mt chu k trong bng tun hon cc nguyn
t ha hc, X thuc nhm IIA, Y thuc nhm IIIA (ZX + ZY = 51). Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Kim loi X khng kh c ion Cu2+ trong dung dch
B. Hp cht vi oxi ca X c dng X2O7
C. Trong nguyn t nguyn t X c 25 proton
D. nhit thng X khng kh c H2O
Cu 23: (Khi B 2104) Ion X2+ c cu hnh electron trng thi c bn 1s22s22p6 . Nguyn t
X l:
A. Ne (Z = 10)
B. Mg (Z = 12)
C. Na (Z = 11)
D. O (Z = 8)
Cu 24: (Khi A 2103) trng thi c bn, cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Na (Z = 11) l
2 2
6 2
2 2
5 2
2 2
4 1
2 2
6 1
A. 1s 2s 2p 3s .
B. 1s 2s 2p 3s .
C. 1s 2s 2p 3s .
D. 1s 2s 2p 3s .
Cu 25: (Khi A 2103) Lin kt ha hc gia cc nguyn t trong phn t HCl thuc loi lin
kt
A. hiro.
B. cng ha tr khng cc.
C. cng ha tr c cc.
D. ion.
Cu 26: (Khi A 2103) Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc, crom thuc chu k 4, nhm VIB.
(b) Cc oxit ca crom u l oxit baz.
(c) Trong cc hp cht, s oxi ha cao nht ca crom l +6.
(d) Trong cc phn ng ha hc, hp cht crom(III) ch ng vai tr cht oxi ha.
(e) Khi phn ng vi kh Cl d, crom to ra hp cht crom(III).
2
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