HAI MUOI NAM QUAN HE P H A P - V I E T NAM (1975 - 1995) (Phdn mdt)

Nguyen Thj Hanh

Ldi Toa soan: Viet Nam vd Phdp la hai quoc gia ndm cdch xa nhau vi mat dja ly vd
khdc biet ve vdn hod. Mac du vgy, trong ljch sir phdi trien cua minh, cd hai nudc dd cd nhii
mdi quan hi tir rdt sdm. Mdi quan he do mang nhieu tinh chdt, dgc diem khdc nhau luy vdo
timg (hdi ky: khi Id mdi quan he cua ke di xdm luge vd ngudi bj xdm luge, khi la quan he cua
ke Ihdng trj vd ngudi bi tri, khi lgi Id quan he binh ddng, hgp Idc giua hai qudc gia dgc lap
CO chu quyen vd cd dnh huang qua lgi lan nhau trong lich su ciia mdi nudc. Ngdy 12/4/197
Phdp vd Viet Nam thiit lap quan he ngogi giao chinh thuc a cdp Dai su. Ndm 1975. Viet Na
gidnh dgc lap vd thdng nhdt hodn todn. quan hi Viet Nam vd Phdp cUng cd diiu kiin de phd
trien. Mac dii vdy. do dnh hudng cua nhieu yeu to trong nudc cUng nhu qudc te. nen quan
Viet Nam - Phdp cimg trai qua nhieu budc thdng Irdm a mdi giai dogn, mdi thai ki khdc nha
va no phdn dnh quan he qudc te ciing nhu cdc vdn di lrong limg thai ki. Quan hi Viet Nam
Phdp giai dogn 1975-1995 cd nhieu budc thdng trdm vd cd mite do khdc nhau tren nhiiu IT
vuc, dugc chia ra ldm bdn giai dogn nhd: 1975-1977. 1977-1981, 1981-1989 vd 1989-199
Bdy Id bdi viet ddi. chung tdi chia thdnh hai sd, mdi bgn dgc chit y ddn xem.
1. Giai doan 1975-1977: Thdi ki md
dau tot dep cua moi quan he Phap - Vict

truyen thdng giiia hai nudc'. Tiep ngay sau

do, ngdy 25/11/1975, phdi dodn ciia Bd

Ngoai giao Phap den Viet Nam nham thao
Chidn thdng miia Xuan 1975 da md ra ludn, trao ddi va tim each gidi quydt nhung
mdt trang sir mdi ddi vdi dan tdc Viet Nam vdn dd vd Phdp kidu, cdc xi nghiep cua Phdp
ndi chung vd lich sir quan he Phdp - Viet d mien Nam. Hai ben thdo ludn va thdng
Nam ndi ridng. Viec Viet Nam gidnh thdng nhdt vd cdch gidi quyet nhiing cdng vide cdn
Igi hoan todn vd thdng nhdt ddt nudc da md thiet, cap bdch trudc mdt nhu didu kien sinh
ra mdt con dudng mdi trong quan he ngogi sdng cua nhiing ngudi Phdp d Vidt Nam, edn
giao. Ngay sau khi mien Nam hodn todn giai nhiing vdn dd khdc vd kinh te phiic tap hon
phdng, 2/9/1975, Phdp dd cir mgt doan dai hai bdn thdng nhdt se trao ddi vd giai quydt
bieu do Bd trudng Bd Gido due dan ddu sang timg budc mdt. Cdc cudc tidp xiic nay the
tham Viet Nam. Mae dii chua dd cgp den hidn sy mong mudn hgp tdc d cd hai phfa
mdt van dd cu thd ndo trong chinh sdch giiia Viet Nam vd Phdp. Ve phia minh, mac du
hai nudc, song chuyen thdm ndy Id mgt tin cudc khdng chidn chdng My da hodn thdnh.
hieu dang mimg, ciing Id tin hieu eho thdy
Viet Nam vd Phdp cd khd nang hgp tae trong ' B^o cao tiip xuc ciia Thii tuong Pham Van D6ng
iTnh v u c ffiao d u e t r e n c-a <ict r n n m n i n n a n Vi5 tilp Bp truong Bp Gido due Phdp Rene Haby, Ho sa
Vu Chau Au 2, Bp Ngoai giao Vi?t Nam,

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NGHIEN CCU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N4 (139|.2012

ddt nudc thdng nhdt song Vigl Nam cung

phdi ddi mdt vdi rat nhieu klid khdn vd thir
thach mdi ndy sinh d cd trong nude vd qu6c
Id. Tinh hinh dat nude het sire khd khdn do
chien tranh, sy giiip dd to Idn cua Trung
Quoc CO bdn khdng cdn nira bdi mau thuan
Xd-Trung ngdy cdng trd nen gay gdi vd dd
xuat hidn nhChig rgn nirt Idn trong quan hg
giiia Viet Nam vd Trung Qudc. Bdn cgnh dd,
vigc My ngay lap tiic thyc hi?n chinh sach
bao vdy, cd lap Viet Nam khidn tinh hinh
cdng trd nen khd khdn hon. Dd bdo v | nen
dgc lap cua minh vd phdt trien dat nudc, Viet
Nam mdt mdt tdng cudng xiic lien cdc mdi
quan he vdi cdc nudc trong khu vyc, thiet lap
quan he song phucmg vdi timg nudc trong td
chirc ASEAN, mat khdc lim cdch tiep xiic
vdi cdc nudc phuang Tdy md eiia ngo duy
nhdt liic bdy gid Id nude Phdp. Do vdy, chinh
sdeh cua Vidt Nam ddi vdi Phdp Id thiic day
quan he, coi trgng va mong mudn cd quan he
tdt vdi Phdp. Chfnh sach ndy phii hgp vdi
chii trucmg ddi ngogi ciia Phap ddi vdi Ddng
Duong bdi trong ljch sir, Phdp chua bao gid
cd y djnh tir bd quydn lgi ciia minh d khu
vyc ndy. Mdt khdc, sy riil lui ciia My da tgo
ra mgt khodng trdng quyen lyc, khuydn
khich cae cudng qudc quan tdm den khu vye
ndy nhieu ban. Didu ndy vira Id co hgi vd lai
vira la thach thuc ddi vdi vide Phdp mudn
dua dnh hudng ciia minh quay trd lai khu
vuc nay. Ben cgnh dd, Viet Nam lai Id nudc
c6 vai trd quan trgng trong khu vuc va cd uy
tin trong nhdm cdc nudc dang phat tridn.
^ Lucmg Ninh (chu bien), Ljch su Dong Nam A, Nhi
xuSt ban Giao dye. Ha Npi, 2005, tr.476.

Tdng cudng quan hg vdi Viet Nam giup

Phdp giii vQ-ng vd md rgng hon niia anh
hudng ddi vdi khu vyc Ddng Nam A vd ca
the gidi thii ba, Vigc Phdp lang cudng quan
hg vdi Vigt Nam cd cdc didu kign thudn lgi,
bdi ngoai moi quan hg truyen thdng Idu ddi
thi dnh hudng ciia Phdp ddi vdi xd hdi Vi?l
Nam cdn Idn: mgt the hg lri thirc Viet Nam
duge tiep cgn vd ydu thich nen van hoa Phap,
su dyng thdng thgo tieng Phdp v.v. Tren co
sd dd, cd Phdp vd Viet Nam deu chu trgng
thlic ddy mdi quan he song phuang.
Thang I I/I976, ngay sau khi hoan
ihdnh su nghidp ihdng nhdt ddt nudc. Viet
Nam da lidn hanh chuyen thdm ehinh thiic
ddu tidn sang Phdp do Bg trudng Ngogi giao
Nguyen Co Thgch dan ddu. Muc dich eua
chuydn thdm ndy la 'tdng cudng su hgp tdc
giira Viet Nam vd Phdp md dgc biet lrong
ITnh v\tc hgp tdc kinh ti.'^ Trong ehuydn di
nay, vdn de ve quydn Igi kinh Id ciia Phap d
mien Nam dugc mang ra trao ddi vd nhidu
bien phdp gidi quydt da dgt dugc su thoa
thudn d cd hai phia. Didu ndy ddt nen
mdng cho mdi quan he ciia hai nudc d giai
doan sau.
Mdi quan he giiia Viet Nam vd Phap
thue sy ddnh ddu mdt budc phat tridn manh
me sau chuyen thdm chinh thirc ciia lanh dao
cao cdp chinh phu Viet Nam tdi Phdp. Tii
ngay 25 ddn ngdy 30/4/1977, nhgn Idi mdi
cua chinh phii Phap, Thu tudng Phgm Van
Le Monde, Une delegation gouvernementde
vietnamienne en visile en France, le 1 novembre
1976. (Bdo Le Monde. Chuvin tham riin ohdi doan

"SCai inu'O'i nam

quan

he...

Ddng da thyc hidn chuyen thdm chfnh thiic

tdi Phap. Trong chuyen di ndy, Phdp va Vigt
Nam dd ky nhieu hidp djnh quan trgng:
''Hiep dinh hgp tdc kinh te vd cdng nghiep".
'Hiep dinh ve vdn hod, khoa hgc vd kT thudr
va dac biet hai ben da ky tdt mdt Nghi djnh
thu Tai chinh vdi ndi dung Id ehinh phii Phdp
ddng y giup cho Viet Nam 458 trigu francs,
trong dd khodn lien tang Id 78 trigu francs.
Chuyen thdm nay dugc cd hai bdn ddnh gia
la md ra "nhung su hap tdc mdi ciia mgi giai
dogn mdi" trong mdi quan he giiia Phdp vdi
Viet Nam"*. Phia Viet Nam bdy td mong
mudn ^'sdn sdng hap tdc vdi Phdp tren mgi
linh vuc md trudc het Id tren linh vuc kinh le
vd vdn hod."' Cd the thdy rang, budc phdt
trien mdi trong quan he hgp tdc giiia Viet
Nam vd Phdp d thdi ky ndy Id mdt ddu hidu
tdt ddi vdi Viet Nam vd nd tgo didu kien cho
cd hai ben. Mdt mat, Viet Nam dang mudn
tranh thii su ung hd ciia Phdp trong nliiing
cugc ddm phdn giiia dai didn ciia chinh phii
Viet Nam vd chinh phii My vd vide gidi
quyet nhirng hau qua sau chidn tranh. Mat
khdc, Phdp cung mudn trd thdnh trung gian
trong vide giai quydt vdn de ndy nham md
rdng dnh hudng d khu vye Ddng Nam A. Do
do, Paris da trd thdnh noi md cd hai phdi
doan Viet Nam va My gap nhau de bdn bac.
Cudc di tham Phap ciia Thii ludng Phgm
Vdn Ddng dugc ddnh gia Id mdt hogt ddng

Michel Strulovici Nouveaux rapports d'une nouvelle

epoque, Le Monde, le 30 avril 1977. (Nhirng quan h$
mai trong mgl thai ky moi, bdo Le Monde, ngdy
30/04/1977).

61
ngogi giao het siic thdnh cdng bdi sau
chuydn di ndy, uy lin ciia Viet Nam tren
trudng qude td dugc nang len. Mdi quan he
tdt dgp vdi Phap Id nhan td quan trgng tdc
dgng tdi thdi dg ciia cdc nude tu ban Au-My:
Anh, Tdy Diic td y muon rd ret cdi thien
quan he vdi Viet Nam trong khi My, Nhat
Bdn lgi td ra lo Idng trude tien trien tdt dep
cua moi quan he ndy. Tuy nhidn, ngay sau
dd, nhthig bdt ddng giiia Viet Nam vd Phdp
ve vdn de Campuehia da khidn cho nhirng
hidp dinh dugc ky kdt giiia Phdp vd Viet
Nam khdng dugc thye hien mdt each hieu
qud. Qud trinh binh thudng hod quan he giiia
Viet Nam vdi cdc nudc tu bdn phuang Tdy
ciing bi chiing lai. Viet Nam bi cd lap ve
ngoai giao vd didu ndy dnh hudng khdng nhd
tdi quan he Phdp-Viet.
2. Giai doan 1977-1981: Thol ky tram
lang cua moi quan he Phap-Vi^t
Tren thyc td, mdi quan he nay vira khdi
ddu tdt dep lgi bj dnh hudng bdi nhiing didn
bidn khdng thuan lgi ciia linh hinh qudc Id vd
khu vyc. Quan he Viet Nam vdi Campuehia
vd Trung Qudc ngdy mdt xau di, nhdt Id khi
Viet Nam ngdy cdng trd nen thdn thidt vdi
Lien Xd trong liic mdu thuan Xd-Trung ngay
cdng trd nen gay gat. Tir cudi ndm 1977, tinh
hinh bien gidi Viet Nam - Campuehia vd
bien gidi Viet Nam - Trung Qudc trd ndn
cdng thing. Xung dot bien gidi nd ra giiia
Viet Nam vdi Campuehia vd Trung Qudc dd
khidn tinh hinh khu vyc trd ndn mdt dn djnh.
Dinh didm ciia mdu thuan khu vuc nd ra khi
Viet Nam dua qudn tinh nguydn vao

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NGHIEN CCrU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N4 (139).2012

Campuehia tieu digt lgp dodn phdn dgng

Khmc Dd, giup nhdn ddn Campuehia thdnh
lap chinh quyen cdch mgng vd sau do quan
dgi Viet Nam tiep tuc cd m^t d Campuehia
theo thod ihugn ciia "Hi^p udc hod binh, hiru
nghi vu hgp tdc'" ky bdi hai nudc ngdy
18/1/1979. Su cd mdt cua qudn dgi Vict Nam
d Campuehia, ciing vdi sy ed mdt ciia Lien
Xd d Afganixlan dd khidn cac nudc lrong
khu \uc vd cdc nudc Tay Au lo nggi sy md
rgng dnh hudng ciia phe xd hgi chu nghTa
trong bdi cdnh cugc Chidn tranh Lgnh dang d
giai doan cdng thdng. Cac nudc lrong khu
vyc vd hau het cdc nudc tu bdn Idn dn Viet
Nam xdm luge Campuehia, doi Vidt Nam
phdi rill quan vd nudc v.v. Viet Nam bj roi
vdo thd bj bao vdy, cd lap vd chfnh trj vd kho
khdn vd cung ve kinh td.
Bdi cdnh do da anh hudng tryc tiep tdi
quan he giiia Phdp vd Viet Nam. Cung nhu
cdc nudc tu ban phuong Tay khdc, Phap len
tidng phdn ddi hanh ddng ciia Viet Nam ddi
vdi Campuehia vd ydu cdu Viet Nam phdi riil
qudn ve nudc. Ddng thdi, hang loat cdc hidp
djnh ky kdt trudc dd khdng dugc thyc hidn.
Tuy nhidn, khdng gidng nhu mgt sd nude
khdc trong thdi diem bdy gid la gidm thidu
quan he ngogi giao vd cd lap ve kinh td, Phdp
Id nudc tu bdn phuong Tay duy nhat van duy
tri quan he vdi Viet Nam bdi Phdp lim thdy d
ddy nhijng co hgi khdng the bd Id. Tidp tuc
phdt huy chinh sdch ciia Charles De Gaulle
dd tuyen bd ndm 1966 ddi vdi khu vyc Ddng
Nam A: "Phdp mudn Ddng Nam A ludn Id
mgi khu vuc hod binh, trung lap, dn dinh,

phdn vinh, khdng cd su can thi^p cua nudc

ngodi. mong mudn ASEAN bao gdm cd ba
nudc Ddng Duang vd Miin Diin ", Phap
chii truong ddng vai trd trung gian, tham gia
vdo vi$c giai quyet cdc vdn dd d Ddng Nam
A nhdm quay trd igi dnh hudng cua minh d
Ddng Duong. Chii truong dd dugc the hien
trong chuydn cdng du ciia Ngoai trudng
Phdp ldi nhidu nudc Ddng Nam A, trong dd
cd Vigt Nam vdo thdng 9/1978. Chuydn dl
nhdm thyc hidn mgt chidn luge ngogi giao,
the hign quan diem ciia Phdp phdn ddi su can
thigp ciia cac cudng qudc vao khu vuc. Quan
didm nay dugc thd hidn rd net trong bdi phat
bieu ciia Bg trudng Ngogi giao Phdp De
Guiringaud d Thai Lan.
Ngdy 6/9/1978, Bd trudng Ngogi giao
Phdp De Guiringaud cd chuydn thdm ehinh
thuc tdi Vigt Nam. Chuydn thdm dien ra
lrong bdi canh khu vyc het sue phiic tap:
Quan he giira Viet Nam vdi Tnmg Qudc,
Viet Nam vdi Campuehia ngay cdng trd nen
cdng thdng do vice Trung Qudc mudn md
rgng dnh hudng d khu vuc Ddng Nam A.
Trong cugc gdp gd nay; Bd trudng Ngoai
giao Nguyen Duy Trinh dd bdy td sy phan
ddi ciia Viet Nam ddi vdi viec md rdng anh
hudng d khu vuc ciia Trung Qudc, ddng thdi

Dong chf Mai Van Bp, Vy tru-dfng Vu Chau Au 2 vk

dong chf Phjim Bang tiSp cdc dai dien ciia Phdp tir
Il/1970dln6/1978, H 6 S O 5 9 , Chau Au2, BpNgo?i
Giao.
' Le Monde, Le minislre vietnamien des affaires
etrangeres denonce I' expansionisme' et le
'chauvmisme' de Pekin\ (A.F.P), le 8 septembre
1978. (Bdo Le Monde, BQ iru&ng Ngogi giao Vi^l
Nam to cdo Bac Kinh "banh trudng" vd "c\fc doaif\

5i5/ inu'O'i uani

quan

63

fie...

thS hien mong mudn xdy dung mgt khu vuc

Mac dil cd nhiing budc phat trien mdi

Ddng Nam A tin edy, ben viing, hod binh vd

trong ITnh vyc quan he ngogi giao trong

trung Idp.^ Phia Viet Nam mudn nhan dip

nhiing ndm dau sau khi thong nhat, song trdn

nay tranh thu su iing hg cua Phdp trong vide

thyc Id, sy hgp tdc ve kinh le chua thye sy ed

giai quydt nhirng bdt ddng. Vdn dd thii hai

hieu qud nhu mong mudn ciia cd hai phia.

dugc dd cap trong chuydn gap gd nay la viec

Mdt trong nhiing khd khan Id su bat ddng

xiic tidn mdi quan he giiia Viet Nam va

giiia Vigt Nam vd Trung Qudc ngdy cang

Phap, bdi trong bdi cdnh phire tgp bdy gid thi

tdng dd ngdn cdn sy xiic lidn hgp tdc mdt

viec tang cudng dugc mdi quan he vdi Phdp

cdch cd hidu qud. Them vao do, vide Viet

se Id mgt ydu td thudn lgi cho Vidt Nam.

Nam ngdy cdng thdt chat hon mdi quan he vd

Vd phfa Phdp, Bd trudng Ngogi giao

Phdp iing hg lap trudng ciia Viet Nam trong
viec xay dung mdt khu vyc Ddng Nam A
hoa binh trung lap vd nhdt Id khdng ed su
can Ihiep cua cdc cudng qudc ben ngodi. Bd

nhdn ngdy cdng nhieu hon su giiip dd cua

Lien Xd vd khdi cdc nudc XHCN dd khdi
phuc ddt nudc dd Id trd nggi ddi vdi mdi
quan he Viet Nam-Phdp trong bdi cdnh thd
gidi didn dang ra cudc Chien tranh Lanh vdi
sy ddi dau eiia hai khdi Ddng vd Tdy.

trudng cam ket se cd gdng thue ddy hon nua

su hgp tde ddi vdi Viet Nam trong mgi khd

3. Giai doan 1981-1989: Thoi ky hdi

nang cd thd. Phia Phdp thd hien thdi do trung

phuc moi quan hd Phap - Vidt d" miic do

lap ddi vdi nhiing bat ddng giira Viet Nam

nhat dinh

va Trung Qudc.

Ddy la giai doan ma quan he Viet Nam

Trong chuydn gap gd Ian ndy, cd hai ben

vd Phdp, bdt chdp nhirng khd khan vd trd

cung thao ludn thdm nhidu van de nhu : van

ngai cua tinh hinh qudc Id vd khu vyc, van

de hdi huong Phap kieu, giai quydt nhiing

phdt tridn d miic do nhdt djnh. Tuy nhien, sy

khuc mdc vd van dd kinh Id v.v. Phdp bay td

phdt tridn ndy khdng ddng ddu trdn tdt cd cdc

quan diem ung hd Viet Nam gia nhap Lien

ITnh vyc ma "phuc hdi chdm chgp" trong

hgp qudc.

quan he kinh td-chinh trj va phdt tridn tuong

Viee Bd trudng Ngogi giao Phdp tdi

tham Viet Nam trong boi canh Viet Nam bi

ddi mgnh trong hgp tdc vdn hod, khoa hge kT thudt.

CO lap thd hien rd y mudn duy tri mdi quan

* Quan hi kinh ti- chinh tri

he bdn viing giUa hai nudc ciing nhu lap

Nam 1981, tinh hinh chinh tri nudc

trudng nhdt qudn cua Phdp lrong chinh sdch

Phap cd nhiing bidn ddi sau sdc. Cudc khung

ddi ngoai ddi vdi Viet Nam.

hoang kinh td, nhiing khd khan ma nudc

Le Monde, Le minislre vietnamien des affaires

elrnnoofai.

J"-.

''

'

'

' Le Monde, M. de Guiringgaud a Hanoi, le 6

septembre 1978. (Bdo Le Monde, Ngai De
Guirinseaud tdi tham Ha Noi, ngdy 06/09/1978).

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NGHIEN CCru CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N4 (139).2012

Phdp phdi doi mdt trong sudt ihdp ky 70 ciia

the ky XX dd dua den sy thay doi tren cUiiih
trudng nudc Phdp vd dieu ndy cd dnh hudng
khdng nhd tdi chfnh sdch eiia Phdp doi vdi
cdc nudc dang phdt trien. Ngdy 10/5/1981,
Dang Xd hgi Phap thdng cir vd len ndm
quydn, ndi ede dugc thdnh lap vdi sy cd mdt
ciia nhieu thdnh vien thugc Dang Cgng sdn
Phdp Id mdt lin higu dang mirng ddi vdi Vicl
Nam. Ngay sau dd, chinh sdch ngogi giao
eiia Phdp ddi vdi Vigt Nam c6 sy thay ddi.
Mgt 'bdu khdng khi mdi' dugc bdt dau md
bieu hien ddu lien Id hai nghj djnh thu dugc
ky kdt giira Viet Nam va Phap: Nghj djnh thu
vi Tdi chinh va Nghi dinh thu ve Ngoai giao.
Ngdy 23 thdng 12 ndm 1981, Viet Nam
vd Phdp ky Nghj dinh thu ve Tdi chinh sau 4
ndm ngdt quang (Nghj djnh thu vd Tdi chinh
eudi ciing dugc ky vdo ndm 1977). Phdp cam
ket danh cho Vidt Nam 200 tridu francs'** vdi
muc dfch giiip Vi$t Nam phdt trien thdng qua
cdc dy dn ndng nghigp vd cdng nghigp song
song vdi vide tidp tyc hgp tdc lrong ITnh vyc
vdn hod va khoa hgc kl thuat. Vigc ky Nghj
djnh thy chiing td sy phuc hdi lai mgt budc

Nghj djnh thu c6 tdng gid trj Id 200 Irifu franc,

lrong quan hg hgp tdc kinh le giiia Viet Nam

vd Phdp sau mgt thdi gian dinh trd bdi nhimg
bat dong ve vdn dd Campuehia.
Myc tidu cua Phap lrong vide chii dgng
dc nghj Wj/ Nghj djnh thu hgp tdc Kinh te len
tdi 200 trigu francs la nhdm khdng de cho
Vigt Nam qud phu thu^c vdo Lidn Xd va
khoi cdc nudc xa hgi chti nghTa. Tren thuc le,
Phdp cung nhgn ra rdng vide cdc nudc
phuong Tdy cd lap Vigt Nam chi cang day
cac nudc Vigt Nam, Lao, Campuehia ve phfa
Lien Xd, didu md trong bdi cdnh cugc Chien
tranh Lgnh dang d giai doan cang thdng thi
ddy chinh la yeu td bdt lgi ddi vdi cdc nudc
phuong Tdy ndi chung va Phap ndi rieng
trong vide duy tri va md rgng dnh hudng 6
khu vuc Ddng Nam A. Mdt khdc, Phap mudn
sir dyng "Id bdi kinh ti'* de tgo siic ep vdi
Vigt Nam trong vide gidi quydt van de
Campuehia. Phia Phdp khdng che ddu quan
diem ciia minh, gdn vign trg va hgp tdc kinh
td vdi vigc gidi quyet vdn de Campuehia: "StJt
giiip da lo lan vi kinh ti se khdng tiin trien
khi vdn de Campuehia chua duac gidi
quyit.*^" - Dai sir Phdp tai Viet Nam Yvan
Bastouil bay td quan diem.
Tuy nhien, viec ky kdt Nghi dinh ihu

trong do phia Phdp vi^n trp cho Vi?t Nam 56 tri^u

Tdi chinh giiia Phdp vd Viet Nam da ngay
franc, 64 trieu franc vay ciia Ngan kh6 Quoc gia Phap
vdi lai sudt 3% trong v6ng 30 nam vd 80 tri?u franc lap tlic gdp sy phan ung mgnh me tir phi'a
c6n l^i vay tir cdc to chiic tu nhan dir6i sy bao trp ciia
COFACE. (Compagnie Francaise d'Assurance pour le
Le Monde, Reprise de la cooperation economigue
Commerce Ext^rieur - Cong ty bao hi^m ngo^i
et industrielle entre le Vietnam et la France, le 24
thuang Phap).
Nguon: Jacques De Barrin, Kier Nam -Le contraintes d^cembre 1981. (Bdo Le Monde, Ndi lgi hgp tac kinh
ti vd cong nghiep giua Vi^t Nam vd Phdp, ngay
economiques et politiques mainliennent la
cooperation avec la France a vn niveau modeste, Le 24/12/1981).
Monde, le 4 ft vrier 1983. {Nhung bdt ddng vi vdn di
Jacques De Barrin, Le contraintes economiqu^'^t
kinh te vd chinh trj da gdy cdn trd cho mdi quan h$ politiques mainliennent la cooperation avec la Franc
Vi4t Nam-Phdp, Bdo Le Monde, ngay 4/02/1983).

Kfl/ mu'o'i nam

quatt

fie...

65

nhung ben dang kjch liet phdn ddi hdnh ddng

vd cae bign phdp gia ban ng ciia ede thanh

cua Viet Nam tai Campuehia. Nude Cdng

vidn Cdu Igc bg Paris (Club de Paris)'^

hoa Nhan ddn Trung Hoa ddnh gid hdnh

dudng loi phdt tridn kinh td theo kidu tap

dong nay ciia Phdp Id mgt "hdnh dgng ihiiu

trung, quan lieu, bao cdp ciia phia Vidt

chin chan", "mdt su linh todn lot" vd "nd chi

Nam..., nhiing bat ddng quan didm giiia

mang lgi cho nudc Phdp mgt thir duy nhdt do

Phdp vd Viet Nam vd vdn dd "thuydn nhdn"

la mdt di dnh hudng d chdu A."*^

{boatpeople),

Chinli

vdn dd trai cdi tgo....

quyen Khome Dd thi cho rang: "Tdt cd sit

giiip d& ddi vdi Hd Ngi deu Id hdnh dgng idn
cong Ddng

Nam

A."

Cdc nudc

trong

ASEAN, ngay sau ngdy ky kdt Nghj dinh thu

Phap-Viet, da tidn hdnh mdt cugc hgp klidn
cap cac Ngoai trudng, bay td su lo Idng ciia
ho va de nghi Phdp gidi thich ro y dd ciia
Phap trong hdnh ddng ndy.'^ Sy phdn ddi

De gidi quyet tinh trgng be tdc do, ngdy

8/4/1982, Bd trudng Ngoai giao Viet Nam
Nguyen Co Thgch dd thye hien ehuydn thdm
ehinh thuc nudc Phap, gap gd vdi Bg trudng
Ngogi giao Phdp. Myc lieu eo ban ciia
chuydn thdm Id nhdm tim ra gidi phdp vd vdn
dd Campuehia.

manh me cua cdc nudc trong khu vyc Id mdt

Trdn quan diem chung, cd hai ben ddu

trong nhiing nguydn nhdn chinh ddn ldi vide

mong mudn "ngudi ddn Campuehia se dugc

Nghj djnh thu khdng dugc thyc hidn. Du sao

hodn todn tu do, khong chiu su de doa bdi cd

chang niia, Phdp ciing khdng thd vi vdn dd

cdc luc lugng bin lrong vd bin ngodi^^".

nay ma dd dnh hudng tdi quan he ciia minh

Tuy nhidn, de trd ldi cho quan didm ciia

vdi cac nudc Ddng Nam A vd dae biet la vdi

Phdp yeu cdu Viet Nam nit qudn ngay lap

Tnmg Qudc.

tlic khdi Campuehia, Bd trudng Ngogi giao

Nguyen Co Thach khdng djnh: ''Viet Nam se

Ben cgnh do, mdt sd nhihig van dd khd

riil qudn ngay sau khi Trung Qudc chdm ditl

khan khdc cung khidn "Nghi dinh thu Tdi

su de dog cua minh vd se bdt ddu riil qudn

chinh" hi tri hoan nhu: vdn de trd ng cua

ngay khi lanh ihd Thdi Lan khdng cdn bi sit

Viet Nam,'^ vide thdo lugn khdng thdnh cdng

dung la cdn cu qudn su de chdng

lgi

Campuehia nira."
P. Sabatier, France-Vietnam: le degel bien tempere.
La Liberation, le 20 Janvier 1982. (Bdo La Liberation,
Quan he Phdp-Vi4l Nam: lien tai su hod diu, ngdy
20/01/1982).
P. Sabatier, France-Vietnam: le degel bien tempere.
La Liberation, le 20 Janvier 1982.
'* Nam 1981, phia Viet Nam dd tra cho Phdp dist?c
500 trieu franc trong t6ng s6 no. Sau d6 Vi^t Nam xin
hoan tra ng va Chinh phu Phdp chip nhan k^o dai thtxi
M trd npr cho Viet Nam.
!^gu6n: Le Monde, Vers une meilleure cooperation,
'e 10 avril 1982. (Bao Le Monde, Hudng t&i mdt su
hf-

'

'^ Club de Paris dupe thdnh lap vdo ndm 1956, Id to

chirc khong chinh thijc ciia cac ngdn hdng nhd nuac
cho nu6c ngodi vay np, thanh lap nhJlm muc dich tim
kiSm nhihig gidi phap ben vung cho cac quoc gia vay
na nhung gdp kho khdn trong viec tra np. TTieo so
lieu thfing ke, din thdi di^m 1983, Viet Nam dS np
nuac ngodi tir 2 dSn 3 tri?u USD. (So voi nhung nudc
dang phdt trien thi so vay np ndy vdn la khiem ton).
Nguon: Le Monde du 28 mars 1983. (Bdo Le Monde
ngay 28/03/1983).
'^ Le Monde, Vers une meilleure cooperation, le 10
avril 1982.

66

NGHIEN CCru CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N4 (139}.2012

nhirng bdt dong lrong khu vuc van khdng

dugc gidi quyet dd khidn sy hgp tdc ve tai
ehinh giiia Vigt Nam vd Phdp - yeu td then
chdt trong qud trinh hgp tdc - khdng dat ket
qua nhu mong mudn. Tuy vdy, vigc phat
tridn quan hg giiia Phap va Viet Nam d thdi
ky ndy mang mgt y nghTa hdt siic quan trgng
vd cd the coi Id ""cira ma" de giai quydt vdn
Vc phia Phdp. Bg trudng Ngoai giao
dd Campuehia, bdi quan he vdi Phdp Id cau
Phdp khang djnh: "Phdp vdn giu nguyen
ndi duy nhat cua Vigt Nam vdi the gidi tu
quan diem cua minh ve vdn de Campuehia
bdn, giiip Vigt Nam timg budc thodt khdi su
do Id Phdp khdng cdng nhgn chinh phu
cd lap d khu vyc va budc vao ddm phdn de
Campuehia hien tgi dugc thdnh lap do si/
gidi quydt van dd ndy khi dieu kidn chin
giiip dd ciia I 'iet Nam vd Viel Nam phdi rdt
mudi.
qudn dgi ve nitdc*\
Phfa Vidt Nam cung bay td quan diem
mong mudn Phdp ddng gdp "vai trd lo lan
ciia niinh trong yi('c gidi quyii vdn di
Campuehia vd mong mudn phdt Irien moi
quan h4 giira Vict Nam vd Phdp vi lgi ich
cua cd hai ddn tgc vd vi hod binh cua khu
virc Ddng Xam A. "

Nhdn dinh ve vai trd ciia Phdp trong

quan he ve ehinh trj, Bd trudng Ngoai giao
Nguyen Co Thgch dd khdng djnh: "Phdp
chiem mdt uu the ndi troi nhdt lrong quan hi
giira Viet Nam vdi cdc nudc phuang Tdy
Viet Nam ddnh gid cao duang ldi nhdt qudn
cua Phdp ve vdn di trung lap a khu vuc
Ddng Nam A vd chinh sdch hgp idc ciia
Phdp ddi vdi cdc nudc a the giai thir ba. "'"
Mac dil cd nhiing trao ddi ngoai giao
thudng xuydn vd su hoat ddng hdt sue tich
cyc eiia nhirng thanh vidn ciia Ddng Cgng
sdn Phdp trong Qudc hdi vd Chinh phii nhdm
xiic tidn tang cudng mdi quan hg, song

Ngdy 27/3/1983, Bg trudng Ngogi giao

Phdp Claude Cheysson, sau khi tham du Hgi
nghi ede Ngoai trudng cua Cdng ddng Kinh
td Chdu Au (EEC) vd cua Hidp hgi cac qudc
gia Ddng Nam A (ASEAN), da tdi Ha Ngi.
Van dd trung tdm ciia chuyen thdm md Bg
trudng Phap trao ddi cung vdi dong nghiep
eiia minh, Bg trudng Ngogi giao Viet Nam
Nguyen Co Thgch dd la: sy giiip do vd hgp
lac giua hai nudc tren ITnh vyc kinh id cung
nhu nhiing vdn de khu vyc cdn phdi giai
quydt.

Tuy nhidn, ciing nhu nhiing cudc dam

phdn trudc dd, van dd kinh td van chi nam
trdn gidy td bdi nhirng bd tdc tir sy bdt ddng
La declaration du Minislre vietnamien des Affaires quan didm vd Campuehia. Vdn dd trgng tam
etrangeres Nguyen Co Thach dans la visile officielle
ciia cudc vidng thdm chinh Id ban vd nhung
en France du 8 avril 1982, Le Monde du 10 avril
1982. (Bdi phdi bieu cua BQ Iru&ng Ngogi giao Viet gidi phdp cho khu vyc. Ngogi trudng Phap
Nam Nguyen Ca Thgch trong chuyen tham chinh thuc
nuac Phdp ngdy 8/4/1982, Bao Le Monde, ngdy
bdy td quan didm cua minh: "Nitac Phdp
10/04/1982).
phdn ddi vi^c quay tra lgi cua PonpSt b
Jacques De Barrin, Le contraintes economiques et
politiques mainliennent la cooperation avec la France Campuehia cUng nhu viic Lien hgp qudc
a un niveau modeste, Le Monde, le 4 fevrier 1983.

^ai lut/f^'i nam

quan

67

ftp...

ch&p thudn su lien minh cdc luc lugng Irong

Bdt ddu tir 1986, chinh phu Viet Nam cd

Phdp

sy thay ddi to Idn trong dudng ldi phdt tridn

cung se khdng dgt quan he chinh ihitc vdi

ddt nudc ciia minh. Dc phu hgp vdi tinh hinh

chinh phu thdn Viet Nam cua

Campuehia

mdi ciia thd gidi, de tdn tai vd phdt trien,

hien nay. Mac dii vdy, viic giup dd cho nhdn

Vigt Nam tien hdnh cdng cudc ddi mdi ddt

S c6 luc lugng cua PonpSt. Nuac

dan Campuehia ve to chitc citu trg nhdn dgo

nudc. Dudng ldi ddi mdi dugc dd ra cu the

va luang thuc vdn dugc Phdp lien hdnh

trong Dgi hgi Dang Idn thir VI (12/1986) vdi

Ihong qua Lien hgp qudc vd cdc td chitc phi

nhiing thay doi co bdn ve chfnh sdch phdt

chinh phu."

trien kinh te, vd dudng ldi ddi ngoai v.v. Van

Lien quan ddn viec riit qudn dgi Viet

Nam tai Campuehia, quan diem ciia Phdp
van khdng djnh: "Viec Viit Nam rut qudn
khoi Campuehia Id mgt viec ldm cdn ihiil vd
khdn ngoan."'

dd Campuehia dugc xem xet mgt cdch tfch

cue vd ehii truong thue day viec binh thudng
hod quan he vdi tat cd eae nudc da md ra
mdt CO hgi mdi eho viec Viet Nam hoa nhdp
thd gidi. Sy thay ddi dudng ldi phdt trien ciia
Viet Nam da nhdn duge su iing hg mgnh me

Ben cgnh nhiing bdt ddng, cd Viet Nam

tir phia Phdp, dac biet Id tir sau khi Francois

va Phdp ddu tim thdy mdt didm chung do Id

Mitterrand trd thdnh Tdng thdng Phdp ndm

khdng chip nhdn su quay lai ciia Khome Dd

1988." Bdn cgnh vide tidp tuc giiip dd, vien

ducri sy hau thuan ciia Trung Qudc nhdm

trg vd luong thyc, thuc phdm vd thudc men,

ndm Igi chinh quydn d Campuchia.^^ Su

Phdp tdng cudng ddng vai trd trung gian, tim

tuong ddng vd y kidn ndy chfnh Id mdt yeu

cdc bien phdp cho viec gidi quydt vdn dd

16 rdt quan trgng, mdt co hdi ma cd Viet

Campuehia, chudn bi cho viec td chiic Hgi

Nam vd Phdp ddu cd gdng nam bat dd tim

nghi qudc td vd Campuehia tai Paris. Vdn dd

cho dugc mdt gidi phdp khu vuc.

Campuehia dan ddn dugc gidi quydt vd viec

cdc nudc Ddng Nam A ngdi lai vdi nhau dd
ddi thogi, bdn bgc tim ra gidi phdp da md ra
mgt giai dogn mdi trong mdi quan he cua cdc

^^ Le discours du Ministre fran^ais des Affaires

filrangeres en visite au Vietnam du 27 mars 1983, cite
dans Le Monde du 28 mars 1983 par Daniel Roussel,
Claude Cheysson d Hanoi. (Bai phdt biSu cua Ngo^i
truong Phdp trong chuydn thdm Viet Nam ngdy
27/03/1983, dupe trich ddng tren bdo Le Monde ngdy
28/03/1983 Uong bai viit ciia Daniel Roussel: Claude
Cheysson tdi Hd Ndi).
" Le discours du Ministre fran^ais des Affaires
Strangfires en visite au Vietnam du 27 mars 1983, cite
dans Le Monde du 28 mars 1983 par Daniel Roussel:
Claude Cheysson a Hanoi.
" Noel Darbroz, Paris - Hanoi: Trente ans apres. La
Croix le 19 octohrp 1983. (Paris - Ha Nai: Ba muai

nudc d khu vuc. Ciing vdi vide Chien tranh

Lgnh kdt thuc trdn thd gidi, xu hudng ddi
thoai, hgp tac da md ra mdt thdi ky mdi day
thuan lgi cho mdi quan he Phdp-Viet.

" Tr^n Vu Phuang, Quan h4 Phdp-Vi?t trong nhirng

ndm gan ddy, T?p chi NghiSn cuu Chdu Au, s6