TERMS USE TO DENOTE FETAL • ABORTION – any pregnancy

GROWTH
Type Cramps Bleeding Tissue Cervical
NAME TIME PERIOD passes opening
THREATENED Slight Slight to None Closed
Ovum Ovulation to Fertilization moderate
INEVITABLE Moderat Moderate None Open/mem
e to severe branes or
Zygote Fertilization to tissue
implantation bulging
INCOMPLETE Severe Severe & Placental Open w/
continuou or fetal tissue in
Embryo Implantation to 5-8 weeks s tissue cervical
canal
Fetus 5-8 weeks until term COMPLETE None/mil Minimal Complet Closed
d e w/no
placenta tissue
Conceptus Developing embryo or & fetus
fetus, placental structures MISSED None Brownish none closed
discharge
HCG- 1st hormone produced, HCG, can be terminated before the age of viability
found in the maternal blood
And urine as early as the 1st missed menstrual
period.
OBSTETRIC HISTORY
• G-current pregnancy
POSITIVE SIGNS OF • T- >37 weeks gestation
PREGNANCY • P - >20 weeks gestation
➢ Fetal heart sounds • A- before 20 weeks or viability
➢ Fetal movement noted by • L- # of children currently living
RETURN VISITS SCHEDULE:
the examiner  EVERY 4 WKS – until 28th week of pregnancy
➢ Visualization of fetus by  EVERY 2 WKS – 28th-36th weeks
ultrasound  EVERY WEEK – until giving birth

CALCULATING BODY MASS INDEX

MANAGEMENT OF DISCOMFORTS DURING 1. Convert wt. into kgs. (divide wt. in lbs.
PREGNANCY
1. NAUSEA & VOMITING
by 2.2)
a. Ascertain food preferences 2. Convert height into cm. (multiply
b. Avoid drinking while eating height in . by 2.5)
2. HEART BURN 3. Convert cm. into meters (divide result
a. Eat small, frequently meals
b. Avoid spicy or greasy foods by 100)
3. CONSTIPATION 4. Square height in meters.
a. 2L noncaffeined fluids/day 5. Divide wt. in kgs. By height in meters
b. Increase fiber (25g/day)
4. HEMORRHOIDS
squared.
a. Prevent constipation NORMAL PREPREGNANCY BMI
5. URINARY FREQUENCY MANGMNT. UNDERWEIGHT Under
a. Kegel’s exercise 18.5
6. VARICOSITIES
7. LEG CRAMPS NORMAL 18.5 –
8. FAINTNESS WEIGHT 24.9
OVERWEIGHT 25.0 –
ANTEPARTAL ASSESSMENT 29.9
• AGE OF VIABILITY – Earliest age at OBESE Above
w/c fetuses survive if they where born 30.0
at that time.
• PARA- # of babies born past the age of
viability
• GRAVIDA – woman who has been
pregnant
• PRIMIGRAVIDA – pregnant for the 1st
time
• MULTIGRAVIDA – pregnant previously
• NULLIGRAVIDA – never been
pregnant
 CHARACTERISTICS DESCRIPTION
NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Menarche Ave. age of onset, 11-13 yrs;ave.
range, 9-17 yrs.
APGAR SCORING
COLOR HR REFLEX MUSCLE RR Interval between Ave. 28 days; cycles of 23-35 days not
IRRITABIL TONE EFFOR cycles usual
ITY T
Duration of menstrual Ave. flow, 2-7 days, ranges 1-9 days
0 Blue, abse absent absent Absen
pale nt t flow
1 Blue <100 grimace Some Slow,
extremiti flexion irregu Amount of menstrual Ave. 30-80 ml p/menstrual period
es. Pink of lar flow
body extremit
ies Color Dark red, combined mucus,
2 Complete >100 Vigorous Action Good
endometrial cells
ly pink cry motion cry

odor Similar to that of marigold

to remove the placenta or if pressure is

applied to the uterine fundus when the
TYPES OF SPONTANEOUS ABORTION uterus is not contracted.
PRECIPITOUS LABOR – labor Less than 3 ASSESSMENT:
hrs. ➢ Large blood Loss
ASSESSMENT:
s/s: Hypotension
• Strong contractions
• Rupture membrane Dizziness
• Heavy blood show Paleness
• Bulging rectum Diaphoresis
• Strong desire to push INTERVENTION:
INTERVENTION ➢ Recognize signs of impending
• Never leave client inversion, and immediately notify the
• Monitor uterine contraction Physician and call for assistance.
• Monitor FHT q 15 mins.
• Monitor the perineum
➢ IV fluid line needs to be started(use
large-gauge needle)
UTERINE RUPTURE – Tear in the uterine ➢ Administer oxygen by mask and assess
wall occurs if the muscle cannot Vital signs
withstand the pressure inside the organ. ➢ Prepared to perform CPR if the
ASSESSMENT: woman’s heart should fail from the
• Shock(bleeding into the abdomen sudden blood Loss
• Abdominal pain
• Pain in the chest
• Cessation of contraction
• Abnormal/absence FHT
• Palpation of the fetus outside the uterus AMNIOTIC FLUID EMBOLISM – amniotic fluid is
• Falling BP forced into an open maternal uterine blood
sinus through some defect in the membranes
DIAGNOSIS: or after membrane rupture or partial
A. Risk for Injury separation of the placenta.
B. Impaired Gas Exchange ASSESSMENT:
C. Deficient Blood Volume ➢ Pale
IMPLEMENTATION/PLANNING: ➢ s/s:
A. Identify client at risk • Respiratory Distress
B. Avoid overstimulation of the uterus during • Cyanosis
induction • Cardiovascular collapse
EVALUATION: • Hemorrhage
A. Client and baby is delivered w/o injury • Coma
B. Client’s volume is return to normal INTERVENTION:
➢ Oxygen administration by face masks or
cannula
➢ Need continued mngmt. That includes
UTERINE INVERSION – May occur if endotracheal intubation
traction is applied on the umbilical cord
FETAL DISTRESS- presence of Weight 2.5 – 3.4 kgs.
fetal hypoxia Length 46 – 54 cm
INTERVENTION:
➢ Check FHR NEWBORN REFLEXES
REFLEX APPEARS DISAPPEARS
➢ Conduct vaginal exam suck birth 3 months
➢ Place mother on left side root birth 3 months
➢ Administer oxygen stepping birth 3-4 months
babinski birth 4 months
➢ Check for prolapsed umbilical moro birth 4-6 months
cord Tonic neck birth 6-7 months
Landau 3 months 12 months
Parachute 7-9 months Persists
UMBILICAL CORD PROLAPSED
ASSESSMENT: ASSESSMENT OF THE NEWBORN
➢ Assess FHT HISTORY: MOTHER
➢ Conduct vaginal exam Ask specifically about the ff:
INTERVENTION: • social and family history
➢ Relieve pressure on the cord • personal and reproductive & medical history
➢ Place in a knee-chest/trendelenburg position • current pregnancy, labor & Delivery
➢ Cover any exposed portion w/ a sterile
saline compress ○ parent’s blood group, LMP, EDC,
➢ Give oxygen at 8-10L/min. by face mask duration of labor, state of FH during
➢ Give tocolytic drug labor, length of 2nd stage, duration
of rupture of membranes, fetal
presentation, manner of delivery,
POSTPARTUM
drugs & anesthesia, given w/ their
ASSESSMENT:
dosage & time of administration,
➢ hunger, thirst
characteristics & quantity of
➢ uterine involution
amniotic fluid amniotic
➢ dieresis
abnormalities of placenta.
➢ possible constipation
➢ colostrum secretion
➢ afterpains PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE NEWBORN
➢ breast filling GENERAL
➢ labile mood Undress the neonate completely and place
➢ transient loss of bladder tone him/her in a warm environment w/ adequate
illumination.
TYPES OF LOCHIA • Consciousness, alertness, general
behavior
TYP COL POSTPAR COMPOSITI
• Symmetry of the body proportions and
E OR TAL DAY ON body movements(e.g., arms & legs,
Rubr Red 1-3 Blood, facial grimace
a fragments • State of nutrition
of decidua, • Color
mucus • Any sign of clinical distress(e.g.,
Sero Pink 3-10 Blood, respiratory)
sa mucus,
invading
leukocytes
VITAL SIGNS:
Alba Whit 10-14 Largely ➢ TEMPERATURE: 36.8 –
e mucus;
leokocytes
37.2 C
AVERAGE NEWBORN ➢ HR: 120 – 160 bpm
Head 34 – 35 cm
circumferenc ➢ RR: 30 – 60 bpm (if
e infant is crying)
Temperature 97.6 – 98.6 F
➢ SYSTOLIC BP 50 – 70
Chest 32 -33 cm
circumferenc mmHg
e
Heart Rate 120 – 140 bpm
Respirations 30 – 60 bpm
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE NEWBORN
SKIN
Color: note if there is Pallor (low
hemoglobin, cyanosis (hypoxemia),
Plethora (polycythemia), Jaundice
(elevated bilirubin)
Lesions:
 Milia: pinpoint white papules of
keratogenous material, usually on
nose, cheeks and forehand, w/c
last several weeks.
 Miliaria: pinpoint vesicles,
resulting from obstructed eccrine
(sweat) ducts, on forehead, scalp
& skin folds; usually clear w/in 1
min.
 Transient neonatal pustular
melanosis: Small vesicopustules
generally present at birth,
containing WBCs and no
organisms; intact vesicle ruptures
to reveal a pigmented macule
surrounded by a thin skin ring.
 Erythema toxicum: most common
newborn rash, and consisting of
variable, irregular macular patches
and lasting a few days.
HEAD
Look for overriding sutures, palpate
the anterior fontanelle, sagital,
coronal and lambdoid sutures and
posterior fontanelle. Exclude
presence of a thirf fontanelle,
craniotabes and premature
synostosis of skull bones.
Note any abnormalities in the shape
of the head
EYE
 Check cornea for cloudiness
(signs of congenital cataracts)
 Check for conjunctiva for
erythema, exudates, orbita
edema, subconjunctiva
hemorrhage, jaundice of sclera.
 Check for papillary size, shape,
equality and reactivity to light
 Looks for the red reflex
(normal-clear red color back;
black dots – cataracts; whitish
color- retinoblastoma)
EAR
 Check for asymmetry, irregular shape,
setting of ear in relation to corner of
eye (low-set ears suggest urinary tract
abnormalities)
 Look for fleshy appendages, lipomas or
skin tags
 If sepsis is suspected perform an
otoscopic exam; check canals for
discharge & tympanic membranes
for color, brightness, bony
landmarks & light reflex.
NOSE
 Look for flaring of the alae nasi (sign of
increased respiratory effort)
 Palpate
○ Inspect and palpate for defects
such as cleft palate
MOUTH
 Observe size and shape of mouth
○ Microstomia: Trisomy 18 & 21
○ Macrostomia:
Mucopolysaccharidosis
 “fish mouth”: FAS
 Epstein pearls: small white cyst
containing keratin, frequently found on
either side of the median line of the
palate
TONGUE
 Macroglossia (hypothyroidism or
mucopolysaccharidosis)
TEETH
 Natak teeth (usually lower
incisors) maybe present
CHIN
 Check for micrognathia (may occur
w/ Pierre Robin Syndrome
Treacher Collins syndrome and
Hallerman Streiff syndrome)
NECK
 Symmetry of shape (look for
torticollis)
 Neck mass (cystic hygroma – most
common)
PALPATION
 Palpate clavicles for possible
fracture. Palpate all muscle for
lumps.
 Lymph nodes cannot usually
palpated at birth; if present,
usually indicates congenital
infection.
RESPIRATORY
INSPECTION
• Cyanosis, central or peripheral (if
infant is cooling off during the
examination a transient bluish
color may be seen in extremities.
PALPATION
• Check for any abnormal masses
(palpate gently)
 • Breast may be slightly enlarge
(due to presence of maternal
hormones)
PERCUSSION
• This par is of little clinical benefit
& should be avoided, as it may
cause injury (e.g, bruising, and
contusions), especially in LBW or
preterm infants.
AUSCULTATION
• Breath sounds
• Take note of inspiratory to
expiratory ratio
• Adventitious sounds (e.g., stridor,
crackles, wheezes, grunting)
CARDIOVASCULAR
INSPECTION
• Color: pallor, cyanosis, plethora
AUSCULTATION
• Rate & rhythm, presence of S1 &
S2 heart sounds, presence of
murmurs
ABDOMEN
INSPECTION
• Shape of abdomen
• Note any masses, visible
peristalsis, diastasis recti, obvious
malformations, (e.g., omphaloceie,
gastroschisis)
• Umbilical cord: count the vessels
(normal: 1 vein & 2 arteries); note
color, any discharge.
AUSCULTATION
• Bowel sounds
PERCUSSION
• This part is usually omitted unless
problems that need to be
percussed such as abdominal
distention are noted.
PALPATION
• Check for any abnormal masses
GENITALIA
Carefully assess the genitalia w/
particular attention to any malformations,
abnormalities/ sexual ambuity.
MALE
INSPECTION
• Glands: color, edema, discharge,
bleeding
• Urethral opening: normally located
centrally on the glans ( in
hypospadias – opening is found on
the under surface of the penis)
• Foreskin (prepuce): usually
difficult to retract completely
• Scrotum: in full term infant, it has
brownish pigmentation & is fully
rugated
PALPATION
• Palpate testes & determine if both
testicles are descended into
scrotum
FEMALE
INSPECTION
• Check labia, clitoris, urethral
opening and external vaginal vault
• Whitish discharge & small amount
of bleeding occurring few days
after birth is normal – this is
secondary to maternal hormone
withdrawal
• Hymental tags, if present, are
normal
ANUS
• While routine digital examination
of anus is not regarded as
necessary, insertion of
thermometer in taking temp. is
advocated.
BACK OF EXTREMITIES
INSPECTION & PALPATION
• SPINE
○ Check for scoliosis, kyphosis,
lordosis, spinal defects
• UPPER EXTREMITIES
○ Assess the shoulder girdle for
injury & the clavicles for
fracture
• LOWER EXTREMITIES
○ Assess the feet & the ankles for
deformity and mobility
○ Count the toes
○ Examine foot creases for AOG
○ Examine the hips last, use
Ortolani- Barlow maneuver
• CNS
○ Assess state of alertness
○ check for lethargy or irritablility
○ assess cranial nerves
Approximate Ages for Milestones in the
First 2 yrs. Of Life
 Subtract 3 months
Add 1 year
○ Example:
LMP: October 2,
2008
2 10 08
+7 -3 +1
9 7 09
EDC: July 9, 2009
ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE FOR
INFANTS
VACCI MINIM NUMB MINIMU REASON(HE
NE UM ER OF M- ALTH
AGE AT DOSE INTERV TEACHING)
1ST S AL B/W
BARTHOLOMEW’S RULE DOSE DOSES
AOG FUNDIC LEVEL BCG Birth or 1 BCG given at
2 weeks Just above the anytime earliest
symphisis and after possible age
umbilicus birth protects the
6 weeks Level of umbilicus possibility of
20 weeks 2-3 fingers above the TB
meningitis &
umbilicus other TB
32 weeks Midway b/w the infectious in
umbilicus and xiphoid w/c infants
process are prone.
36 weeks At the level of costal DPT 6 weeks 3 4 weeks An early
margin start w/ DPT
40 weeks 1-2 fingers below the reduces the
chance of
coastal margin.
severe
MILESTONE APPROX. AGE pertussis
OPV 6 weeks 3 4 weeks The extent
Social smile 1 month of protection
Sit 7 months against polio
Vocal babble 9 months is increased
the earlier
Pull to stand 9-12 months
the OPV is
Pincer grasp 12 months given
Walks alone 13 months Hepa At birth 3 6 weeks An early
B interval start of hep
3 or 4 words 18 months from 1st B reduces
Hand 18 months dose to the chance
preference 2nd dose. of being
Many words 24 months And; 8 infected and
weeks becoming a
interval carrier
from 2nd
dose to
3rd dose

*McDonald’s rule: Fundal height (cm) =

wks. Of gestation; use of tape measure

NAEGELE’S RULE
Add 7 days to the first
day of LMP
 Breech Hydatidiform Mole

FREQUENCY OF AUSCULTATION
ADMINISTRATION OF VACCINES LOW RISK HIGH RISK
VACCI DOS ROUTE OF SITE OF WOMEN WOMEN
NE E ADMINISTRA ADMINISTRA 1st stage Q 1 hr q 30 mins.
TION TION Latent Q 30 mins.
BCG Infant intradermal Right deltoid Phase
s 0.05 region of the Active Q 15mins.
ml arm
DPT 0.5 ml Intramuscular Upper outer Phase
portion of the 2nd stage Q 15 mins. q 15 mins.
thigh
OPV 2 Oral Mouth
drops
(it
depen
ds) At about 20 weeks, the heartbeat can be
Measle 0.5 ml Subcutaneous Outer part of heard w/o Doppler amplification.
s the upper arm
Hep B 0.5 ml Intramuscular Upper outer
-use fetoscope or the bell of a regular
portion of the stethoscope and press firmly into
thigh patient’s abdomen.
TT 0.5 ml Intramuscular Deltoid region -the heartbeat is best heard over the
of the upper
arm baby’s back (locate using Leopold’s
maneuver)
-after the FHR is located, count for 30
ADVANTAGES OF BREASTFEEDING sec. then multiply it by 2 to obtain the
number of bpm.
1. Breastfeeding is clean. It does not require
bottles, nipples, water and formula w/c are Remember to check the woman’s pulse
easily contaminated and cannot cause against the fetal sounds. If rate is the
diarrhea. same, readjust the Doppler or fetoscope.
2. Breastfeeding has immunological properties
that protect the infant from the infection,
especially diarrhea.
3. The composition of the breast milk is always
ideal for the infant.
4. Breast milk is a complete food. It provides all TYPES OF PELVIS
the nutrients and water needed by a healthy 1. GYNECOID PELVIS
infant during the 1st 4-6 mos. Of life.
5. Breastfeeding is cheap.
➢ Blunted ischial spine
6. It helps in birth spacing. Mothers who ➢ Straight side walls
breastfed usually have a longer period of ➢ Pelvic brim is transverse
infertility after giving birth.
7. Milk intolerance is very rare in infants who ellipse
take only breast milk. 2. PLATYPELLOID PELVIS
8. It encourages the immediate “bonding” of
the mother to her infant; w/c has important ➢ Blunted ischial spine
emotional benefits for both. ➢ Wide suprapubic arch
3. ANDROID PELVIS
Conditions when the Fundic-height is not 4. ANTHROPOID PELVIS
compatible
W/ the Expected Gestational Age INTERNAL EXAMINATION
SHORTER THAN LARGER THAN NORMAL A. ESTIMATING PELVIC INLET
NORMAL MEASUREMENTS 1. Insert the gloved 2 fingers into the vagina until
MEASUREMENTS the tip reaches sacral promontory.
Fetus descent into Multiple Gestation 2. Mark w/ the finger of the other hand where the
the inferior border of symphisis pubis meets the
Pelvis (normal 2-4 examining hand.
wks. 3. Compare the hand measurement to a ruler to
Before delivery) determine the diagonal conjugate diameter.
Estimated date of Estimated date of MEASUREMENT:
Conception is Conception is incorrect TRUE CONJUGATE (11cm)
incorrect OBSTETRIC CONJUGATE (10cm)
Small but unhealthy Large but unhealthy
fetus fetus DIAGONAL CONJUGATE (12cm)
Oligohydramnios Polyhydramnios
Fetus positioned LGA
sideways
DIFFERENTIATION B/W TRUE & FALSE
CONTRACTIONS
B. MEASURING FETAL STATION
FALSE TRUE
Begins and remains Begins irregularly but
Fetal Station – is the position of the
Irregular become regular and presenting part in relation to the
predictable maternal ischial spine. The most
Felt first abdominally Felt first in lower back commonly used measurement divides
And remain confined and sweep around to the the distances from pelvic inlet to
to the abdomen and abdomen in a wave
groin ischial spine into 3 parts each.
Often disappear w/ Continue no matter what Station is negative if it is above the
ambulation and sleep the woman’s level of ischial spine and positive if it is
activity below.
Do not increase in Increase in duration,
duration, frequency, frequency, or internsity
or intensity
Do not achieve Achieve cervical
cervical dilatation dilatation

OBSTETRIC HISTORY
Physiologic changes in Pregnancy
Chills & fever Pyelonephritis ORGAN CHANGES EFFECTS
Persistent vomiting Hyperimesis SYSTEM
Gravidarum Cardiovascular Heart rate, Cardiac output
CLASSIFICATION OF PERINEAL
Dysuria UTI stroke volume
LACERATION
Swelling of face or Severe preeclampsia
Respiratory Tidal volume, Hyperventilati
fingers
Tract minute on
Severe or persistent Severe preeclampsia
First Vaginal mucous and skin of the perineum ventilation,
headache
degree to the fourchette. minute o2
Blurring vision Severe preeclampsia
uptake
Vaginal
Second bleeding Placenta
Vagina, perineal skin,previa,
fascia, levator ani GIT Decreased Reflux
degree placenta abruptia,
muscle, and perineal body. motility esophagitis,
spontaneous abortion
constipation
Abdominal
Third pain Preterm
Entire perineum, andlabor, severe
reaches the Urinary Tract Renal size, Urinary stasis,
degree preeclampsia
external sphincter if the rectum. renal blood risk of UTI
(epigastrc pain)
Flow
Fluid leakage Entire
Fourth from perineum,
ROM rectal sphincter, and
vagina
degree some of the mucous membrane of the
Sudden change in
rectum. Fetal compromise
freq. & intensity of
fetal movement POSSIBLE
CAUSES OF ABSENT
10 DANGERS SIGNS OF PREGNANCY OF FHR ACCELERATION
✔ Early gestation age
(>30wks)
✔ Fetus asleep
✔ Maternal sedation
✔ Fetal CNS anomalies
✔ Fetal hypoxia
A. MEASURING CERVICAL INTRAPARTUM FETAL
DILATATION & EFFACEMENT MONITORING
Cervical Dilatation – is assessment of how
open the cervix is at the level of internal INTERPRETING FETAL HEART RATE
Os. To gauge cervical dilatation, place the PATTERN
index and middle fingers against the 1. None Stress Test (NST)
cervix and determines the size of the -evaluation of FHR
opening. Measurement range from 0 cm
recording is based on
to 10cm or fully dilated.
Cervical Effacement – is assessment of presence or absence of
how effaced (thinned out FHR acceleration ff. fetal
) the cervix becomes as the presenting movement.
part pushes on it.
Measurement is reported in percent.
 T 36.8 36.8 36.8 37(or 36(or
ONSET OF REGULATIONS TO CERVICAL
al) al)
DILATATION
3 PHASES HR 130 130 130 80 70
LATENT ACTIVE TRANSITIO RR 35 35 35 16 16
N BP 73/55 73/5 73/5 120/8 120/8
Cervical 0-3 cm 4-7 cm 8-10 cm
Dilatation
5 5 0 0
Contraction Mild & Stronger Reaches
short peak
Duration 30-40 40-60 60-90 sec.
sec. sec.
Interval 3-5 mins. 3-5 mins. 2-3 mins.
CLASSIFICATION OF BLOOD
Length Primi=6hr Primi=3 Primi=1
s. hrs. hr. PRESSURE
Multi=4- Multi= Multi=30 CATEGORY SYSTOLIC DIASTOLIC
5hrs. 30min min BP BP
mmHg mmHg
SIGNS OF PLACENTAL Normal <120 <80
SEPARATION Prehyperte 120 - 139 80 – 89
1. Uterus becomes nsion
Globular and firmer Hypertensio 140 - 159 90 – 99
n, stage 1
2. Sudden gush of Hypertensio >160 >100
vaginal fluid n, stage 2
3. Uterus rise in
abdomen NORMAL PULSE RATE
4. Umbilical cord AGE NORMALRANGE
S
lengthens
Newborn 130 (80-180)
PLACENTA VASA PREVIA 1 year 120 (80-140)
PREVIA
MECHANISMS Abnormal Rupture of fetal
5-8 years 100 (75-120)
placental descent that 10 years 70 (50-90)
implantation cross placental Teen 75 (50-90)
in close membrane
proximity, overlying the
Adult 80 (60-100)
extending or cervix
covering the
cervix TERMS TO DEFINE:
RISK FACTORS Multiparity, Multiple Achalasia – inability of a muscle to relax;
multiple gestation, particularly the cardiac sphincter
gestation, velamentous
advance cord insertion, Acute pain – sharp pain
maternal age, accessory lobe Age of Viability – earliest age at w/c
previous CS of placenta fetuses could survive if they where born at
SOURCE OF Maternal Fetal blood that time; generally accepted as 24 wks,
BLEEDING AND blood Emergency CS
MANAGEMENT Emergency CS or fetuses weighing more than 400g.
Amnioinfusion – enlarging the amt. of
amniotic fluid by administration of normal
TERMS TO DEFINE
saline or lactated Ringer’s solution
Apnea – absence of breathing intraviginally into the uterus.
Bradycardia – abnormally slow respiration
Tachypnea – abnormally fast respiration Angioedema – edema of the skin and
Eupnea – normal respiration subcutaneous tissue.
Anteversion – a uterus that is tipped
abnormally forward including the cervix.
Apparent life threatening event
NORMAL RANGES IN VITAL SIGNS (ALTE) – infant who is cyanotic and limp
AG PRETE TER 6mo ADUL ELDE in bed but survives after mouth-to mouth
E RM M s T RLY resuscitation.
Augmentation of labor – assisting labor
that has started spontaneously to be more
MEASURING TEMPERATURE
effective.
Battledore placenta – a placenta w/ the
cord inserted marginally rather than
centrally.
Caudal regression syndrome –
hypoplasia of the lower extremities
occurring primarily in infants of diabetic
mother.
Cervical Cerclage – suturing of the
cervix to maintain a pregnancy to prevent
premature cervical dilatation.
Dehiscence – the separation of a muscle
or surgical incisions.

Fetal Descent – sinking of the fetus in

the birth canal jut prior to birth.
Fluoroscopy – a radiologic serial-images
LEOPLODS MANEUVER
technique.
Gestational Age – number of weeks
fetus remained in utero.
Goodelle’s Sign – softening of the cervix;
HELLP Sydrome- variations of
hypertension
Hyperbilirubinemia – increased serum
bilirubin
Hyperglycemia – increased blood
glucose level
Hyperptyalism – excessive secretion of
the saliva
Incompetent cervix – a cervix that
dilates and causes birth of a fetus before
term.
Menorrhagia – an abnormally heavy
menstrual flow
Placenta accreta– an unusually deep
attachment of the placenta to the uterine
myometrium.
Placenta circumvallata – the fetal side
of the placenta is covered w/chorion
membrane.

Placenta marginata – the fold of chorion

reaches just to the edge of the placenta.
Placenta previa – low implantation of the
placenta.
Placenta succenturiata – one or more
accessory lobes connected to the main
placenta by blood vessels.
Plethora – marked reddened appearance
of the skin.
Quickening – 1st movement of the fetus
perceived by the mother.