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  • Early Aircraft Structures and Their Evolution

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    HemanthKumar
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    This document discusses early aircraft structures from 1903 to the 1930s. It describes how structures initially used cables, laths and fabric but evolved to use steel rods, trusses and wooden wings. The Fokker F VII from 1924 used wooden wings with a loaded triplex skin and a truss fuselage structure. Biplanes were initially more common than monoplanes due to their structural advantages but were replaced by monoplanes as structures and materials improved.

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    Aero structures

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    AE1110x 5a Slides

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    This document discusses early aircraft structures from 1903 to the 1930s. It describes how structures initially used cables, laths and fabric but evolved to use steel rods, trusses and wooden wings. The Fokker F VII from 1924 used wooden wings with a loaded triplex skin and a truss fuselage structure. Biplanes were initially more common than monoplanes due to their structural advantages but were replaced by monoplanes as structures and materials improved.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    16 views13 pages

    Early Aircraft Structures and Their Evolution

    Uploaded by

    HemanthKumar
    This document discusses early aircraft structures from 1903 to the 1930s. It describes how structures initially used cables, laths and fabric but evolved to use steel rods, trusses and wooden wings. The Fokker F VII from 1924 used wooden wings with a loaded triplex skin and a truss fuselage structure. Biplanes were initially more common than monoplanes due to their structural advantages but were replaced by monoplanes as structures and materials improved.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 13

    Structures

    - Early structures
    Introduc)on to Aeronau)cal Engineering
    Ir. Jos Sinke

    Jez - CC - BY - NC - ND

    Aircra0 weight
    1. Aircra8 empty weight
    Structure


    Systems
    Crew
    OperaAng items

    2. Payload
    3. Fuel

    One should minimise the


    weight of aircra* structures,
    systems and fuel, in order to
    maximise payload.

    What is a structure? Func9ons?


    A structure is a skeleton, a framework

    Func9ons of a structure
    Carry loads (most important!)
    Provide protecAon
    Framework to aRach other systems

    O. Cleynen - CC - BY - SA

    T. Lappin - CC - BY - NC

    Development of structures
    Period

    Structures

    Materials

    1903 - 1910
    1910 - 1920
    1920 - 1940
    1932 - today
    1948 - today

    Cables, lath, fabric


    Truss, spars, ribs, fabric
    Load-carrying wooden wings
    SAened shell structures
    Pressure cabin

    Steel, wood, linen


    Steel rods, tubes
    Wood
    Aluminium
    Improved Al-alloys

    1980 - today Composite structures

    Carbon bres

    Early aircra0 structures

    Biplanes vs. monoplanes

    Advantages of biplanes
    + Structural: Wings connected
    + Maneuverability

    Disadvantages of biplanes
    - Wings aect each other
    - Higher drag
    - Only 20% more li8

    Monoplanes
    Limited models iniAally
    1909: Louis Blriot crosses the channel

    Kogo - CC - BY - SA

    Early wing structures

    MLWaRs - CC - BY - SA

    The Fokker F VII

    Period 1924 - early 1930s


    Large number, many airlines

    Kitchener.lord- CC - BY - NC - ND

    Wooden wings
    Cra8smanship
    Loaded triplex (wood) skin

    Truss fuselage

    Early structures

    Pline - CC - BY - SA

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