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Handoffs ( CDMA )

Date: 1st August, 2009

Dhundiraj Warang.
Robin Samual.
Handoff
Handoff
Mobile constantly move around in different geographical areas thereby covering
different cell as they move
along.
Handoff is a process where the system transfers a call from one cell to another
Soft Handoff
Soft Handoff is a make-before-break concept
Occurs between adjacent cells
Soft Handoff is possible because all CDMA Cells use the same frequency i.e.
frequency reuse.
Softer Handoff
Softer Handoff is a make-before-break concept
Occurs between two sectors of the same cell
Hard Handoff
Hard Handoff is a break-before-make concept with a brief disconnection in service.
Usually occurs between a CDMA and Analog System or when there is a change in
frequency between
two CDMA Carriers or being served by different BSCs.
Idle Handoff
The Mobile monitors the pilot of neighboring BTS using the Rake Receiver
On detecting a stronger Pilot PN than the current Pilot an idle handoff is performed
without the
assistance of the BTS
Types of CDMA Handoffs
• Ec/Io
• Ec/Io is a measure which mobiles use to determine the
strengths of the BTS sectors in their vicinity
• Ec is the energy per chip of the pilot which has been
detected by the mobile
• Io is the total power which is received by the mobile
ylt n e r e h o C f o e d uti n g a M
ht a pitl u M d e ni b m o C
A 1
|h (t) |

sl a n gi S d e vi e c e R
A 2

A 2
A 4
A 1
A 5 A 4
A 3

t
Coherent Combination of Three Strongest Multipath Components from a Single Transmitter
A 3
SB B
|h ( t) | C 2
B 2
A 1
B 1 C 3
C 1

A 2 C 4
U M 1
SB A

SB C
tim e

Multiple Transmitters with Multipath Typical Multiple Transmitter Band-Limited Channel Impulse
Response with Discrete Multipath Components
M a g n itu d e o f C o h e r e n tly C o m b in e d
M u ltip a th s C2

R e c e iv e d M u lt ip a t h s

A3 B2
R e la tiv e C2
Pow er B2
A1
B1 C3
C1
A2 C4
A3

tim e

Coherent Combination of Three Strongest Components of a Typical Multiple Transmitter Band-Limited Channel
Impulse Response with Discrete Multipath Components
Access handoff
THANK YOU

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