JohnnyAlexander

IntegumentarysystemLabReport

Theskinisoneofthelargestorgansofthebody.Theskinisconsistedoftwo
layers,theepidermisandthedermis.Theouterlayer,whichistheepidermisanditis
composedofstratifiedsquamous.Theinnerlayer,whichisthedermisanditisthicker
thantheepidermisandismadeupofconnectivetissuecontainingcollagenandelastic
fibers,smoothmuscletissue,nervoustissue,andblood.Thethreemainfunctionsof
theskinisprotein,regulation,andsensation.Theskinisoneoftheorgansthat
protectyou.Whenyougetwoundsitaffectsallfunctionsoftheskin.Sebaceous
glandscontaingroupsofspecializedepithelialcellsandareusuallyassociatedwithhair
follicles.Sebaceousglandsarescatteredeverywherethroughouttheskin,buttheyare
notonthepalmsandsoles.Sweatglandsarelocatedeverywhereontheskin.Each
glandconsistsofatinytubethatoriginatesasaballshapedcoilinthedeeperdermisor
superficialsubcutaneouslayer.Anotherskinglanthatiwanttorecognizeittheeccrine
gland.Eccrineglandsarethemostnumeroussweatglandthatrespondthroughoutlife
tobodytemperatureelevatedbyenvironmentalheatorphysicalexercise.Eccrine
glandsarelocatedontheforehead,neck,andback,inlargenumbers.theirlocationis
wheretheyproduceprofusesweatonhotdaysorduringintensephysicalactivity.

Themostsuperficialpartoftheepidermisisformedbythestratumcorneum.

Theregulationofbodytemperatureisvitallyimportantbecauseevenslightshiftscan
disrupttheratesofmetabolicreactions.Heatisaproductofcellularmetabolism.
SkeletalandCardiacmusclecellsandcellsoftheliverarethemajorheatproducers
thataremoreactiveofthebody.Thenervoussystemstimulatesstructuresintheskin
andotherorganstoreleaseheat,whenthebodytemperaturerisesabovethesetpoint
.Theprimarymeansofbodyheatlossisradiation,bywhichinfraredheatraysescape
fromwarmersurfacestocoolersurroundings.Theseraysradiateinalldirections,much
likethosefromthebulbofaheatlamp.Inconduction,heatmovesfromthebody
directlyintothemoleculesofcoolerobjectsincontactwithitssurface.

Blue=palm
Fromthegraphabove,youcantellthatihaveaslowrecoverytime,aftertheiceisputonmy
skin.Mypalmandmyforearmwasaboutevenonrecovering.

Ourhumansenseoftouchismosthighlydevelopedinthehandwhereitservesa
cognitivefunctionwhenexperiencingobjectsintheworld,andguidestheskilled
movementsofthesurgeon,thesculptorandthemusician.Tactileinformationteaches
usthephysicalpropertiesofobjects,allowingustoidentifythemeveninthedark.
Sensoryreceptorsintheskinprovideinformationtothebrainaboutthesizeandshape
ofobjectsheldinthehand.Thesereceptorsallowustoperceivewhetherobjects
appearhardorsoft,smoothorroughintexture,heavyorlightinweight,hot,coldor
neutralintemperatureandwhethertheoverallsensationproducespainorpleasure.
Whenthebodyiscontactedbyanexternalstimulus,itssurfaceisindentedorstretched
becausetheskinisisflexibleratherthanrigid
Thelongerthedistanceistheleastsensitiveitis.Thecloserthedistanceisthenthe
moresensitiveitis.Sobylookingatthegraphyoucantellthatthebackofmyhand,
myfifthtoe,andthetipofmythumbisthemostsensitivepartsonmybody,whilemy
scalp,thefrontofmythighandthebackofmythigharetheleastsensitivepartsofmy
body.

Sourcesused:
Shier,David.
Holeshumananatomy&physiology/DavidShier,JackieButler,RickiLewis.
Thirteenthed.

Gardner,EstherP(May2010)Touch.In:EncyclopediaofLifeSciences(ELS).JohnWiley&
Sons,Ltd:Chichester.DOI:10.1002/9780470015902.a0000219.pub2