Theories of educational

Leadership and management.

Bureaucracy

Bureaucracy

Is formal organization
which seeks maximum
efficiency through
rational approaches to
management.

Main features of Bureaucracy:

Emphasize

on the order of the different

positions.
Emphasize the goal orientation of the
organization.
specialize the tasks between the staff
according to their experience.
Decision governed by rules rather than
personal initiative
Impersonal relationship.
Recruitment and career determined on
merit.

Applying the bureaucratic

models to education

The hierarchical structure.

Schools and colleges have bureaucratic
features
Headteacher or
principle at the
top.
Specialize
teachers on the
basis of
expertise.
Head and senior
staff in the
governing body.
External
stakeholders for
the activities.

Weber's specifcation
of bureaucracy

Their division of
work.
Their hierarchal
structures.
Their rules and
regulations
Their impersonal
procedures.
Their employment
practices.

Bureaucracy in education
There is a fear that the bureaucracy with
be the raison deter of the organization:
1. All the schools are bureaucratic, they
have formal and informal of behavior
connected with the roles.
2. The management of the schools has
been conditioned by ideology and
practice of hierarchy.
The condition : the artifcial needs a managers, organizations,
system, bureaucracies.

Example of bureaucracy in
education system toured the world
including Czech republic.
Some authors point to some of the
weaknesses of bureaucracy in
education because of:
Excessive centralization.
Bureaucratization.
Reforms undertaken that affect
the efficiency of the
system( south America).

Example of solutions for

Weaknesses of bureaucracy in
education in Greek
They should restructuring the
organization of schools.
Less complexity.
Formalization and centralization
of the system
Extend professionalism and
autonomy of teachers.

The bureaucratic model has certain

advantages for education but there are
difficulties on applying it too
enthusiastically to school and colleges
because of the Professional role of
teachers
And if she don not own :
Innovations in teachers
Enthusiasm
This will be Leading to Possible failure

Rational Models

Rational Models

The focus is on the

process of decisionmaking instead of the
structural framework
which constrains but
does not determine
managerial decisions.

The sequence of the Rational

Models

Perceptio
n of a
problem.

Analysis
of the
problem.

Choice of the
most
appropriate
solution.

Impleme
ntation
of the
chosen
one.

Formulati
on of
other
solutions
or
choices.

Monitoring
and
evaluation of
the
effectiveness
of the chosen
strategy.

The Rational Principles:

Aims

and priorities
Long-term planning
Evaluation alternatives
Zero-based budgeting
Selecting the most appropriate
options

Hierarchical Models

hierarchical Models
Is approaches stress vertical
relationship within
organization and the
accountability of leaders to
external sponsors.

Hierarchical Model
Properties of bureaucratic organization
Occupational

roles: are graded in

an vertical hierarchy, preform
work from junior to senior.
Authority : to prescribe work
passes from senior to junior roles.
Both: are attached to role not to
the individuals personalities.

Types of hierarchical modes

Vertical
communications
It is in order from up to down.
Difficult issues go from upwards
to the level where the issue
where resolved
Example: the principle will give
the lower order person to solve
the problem.

Horizontal
communications
Co-ordinations rather than
management.
Working together to solve the
problems rather than taking
orders.

Organizational structure
In

schools and colleges each

teachers and students have their
roles.
Each of them hold a defned role
in the structure such as teacher
of class 1, head of science
department.
The organizational structure tend
to be hierarchical and vertical.

The organizational
structure Pr
in
ci
p
Vice
al
princip

princip
al
Teachers
Students

External environment
It

is the relationships and interaction

with other groups from outside of the
school such as parents and other
educational institutions.
Closed system means that schools and
other educational institutions dont
interact with anyone from outside but,
nowadays they are tending to be
opened to make relationships with
others to maintain a good reputation.

Answering questions