be Fraodmen's Bureau in cooperation with pak groups, These included Hanpton Institute, Virginia, Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee; Atlanta University, Georgia, and Hovard University in Washington, D, 6, ‘COLLEGES ESTABLISHED Under the 1862 Morrill Act, sixteen Land Grant Colleges were soon established to provide instruction in agriculture and industry; but only Alcorn Thiversity, Mlesiseippi, Hampton Institute, Virginia, and Claflin, South Careline, received income under that program to assist Negre youth directly, The Second Merrill Act of 1690 probibited the payment of funds to ony state for the oupport of colleges which nade a distinction by race or color in admissions, but pernitted as compliance the maintenance ef separate colleges, By 1900 all the Southern States accepted these terms by asteblishing separate schools although Tennsesce did not establish its land grant college for Nogroes until 1912, Elsewhere in this eamtry the Morrill act served to assure acceptance of Negroes in state colleges of high quality. ‘The Supreme Court decision of 189, Plessy vs, Ferpuson, held that a Louisiana statute requiring separate facilities for Negros did not “SEPARATE BUT EQUAL" violate the XIII and XIV Amendments if the separate facilities were "equal" end thereby gave prelininary senction to the “noparate but equal" doctrine which was to be followed in the secial lite of the South for several generations. ‘The 1900 Literacy rate of 55.5% for Negroes shoved a remerkeble inorease from the 58 rate of 1865, School enrollment of Negro children,