CELL

MEMBRANE

CELL MEMBRANE

-one of the three main parts of the cell

-also called Plasma membrane
-thin limiting membrane that enclose the
cell
-the security guard of the cell
-constituting only 10 percent or less of
the total cellular membrane
-made up of lipid bilayer and protein
-described as semipermeable
-its structure is described as fluid-mosaic
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Semipermeable
membrane
ions, hydrophilic molecules
larger than water, and large
molecules such as proteins
do not move through the
membrane on their own
small molecules and larger
hydrophobic molecules move
through easily

Cell Membrane
consists of a double layer a
bilayer of lipid molecules in
which proteins are embedded
Most cell membranes are
supported by an attached
framework of proteins. An
example is the meshwork of
fibrous proteins forming the

Cell Membrane Structure

Fluid-mosaic model
-consists of lipid bilayer with proteins scattered all
over

Lipid Bilayer

provides the basic structure and

barrier function
is fluid, and individual lipid
molecules are able to diffuse within
their own monolayer; they do not,
however, spontaneously flip from
one monolayer to the other.
Some cells adjust their membrane
fluidity by modifying the lipid
composition of their membranes.
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Cell Membrane
Structure:
LIPIDS

1.PHOSPHOLIPID
2.
3.

STEROL
GLYCOLIPIDS
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PHOSPHOLIPID
-modified fat molecules that
composed the lipid bilayer
It has two regions:
Hydrophilic heads
Hydrophobic tails(fat
molecules)
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PHOSPHOLIPID
Hydrophilic heads
- Water loving
- made up of phosphorus
molecules
attracted to water
faces the environment as
well as into the cytoplasm
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PHOSPHOLIPID
Hydrophobic tails

water hating
fat molecules
repel by water, faces away
from the environment as well
as into the cytoplasm of the
cell interior
its interaction is the major
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Picture of Phospholipid

Cholesterol

found in the irregular

spaces between the
hydrophobic tails
it stiffen or helps the cell
membrane impermeable
to water soluble
substances
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Glycolipids

located at the cell

membrane and have a
carbohydrate sugar
chain attached to them
help the cell to
recognize other cells of
the body
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Because the cell membrane is

mostly LIPID, it only allows lipid
soluble substances such as oxygen
and carbon dioxide to pass
through.

Water soluble substances such as

glucose, amino acids, ions and
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Cell membrane
structure:
PROTEINS
Membrane Proteins
-float like icebergs within the lipid bilayer

Kinds of Membrane
Proteins:

1. Cell Adhesion
proteins (intracellular
joining)
- proteins responsible for
the cell junctions that
permit cells to adhere
each other

Kinds of Membrane
Proteins:

2. Communication Proteins
- permit cells to
communicate with each
other
( glycoprotein-cell to cell
communication)

Kinds of Membrane
Proteins:
3. Receptor Proteins
-allow cell to mdetect external
signaling molecules such as
hormones or other molecular
messenger
-they triger cell responses such
as opening gate channels for
ions movement, affect cell
division and rate of
metabolism
(fibrous protein-receptors of the
cell)

Kinds of Membrane
Proteins:
4. Recognition Proteins
-cell recognition and
identification
-important to immune
system in order to
distinguish between ones
cell and foreign materials
(antigens- use to tell
whether foreign materials
are present)

Kinds of Membrane
Proteins:
5. Enzymatic Proteins
-attract reacting
molecules
to
the
membrane
surface

Kinds of Membrane
Proteins:

6. Anchor Proteins
-serves to anchor other
membrane proteins to
either face of thecell
membrane

(palmitate and
myristate)

Kinds of Membrane
Proteins:
7. Transport Proteins
-functions as carriers, which
have binding sites that
attract specific molecules
(protein channel-transport
ions, globular proteintransport lipid soluble
water molecules such
as glucose, amino acid,
water)

Cell Membrane
Protection

protection
support
transport
Communication and recognition
signal reception
selectively allow substances in and
out
boundary
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Protection

-boundary between the external and internal

environment
-barrier to the free passage of molecules
-it repels unneeded materials and foreign
substances from entering the cell

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Support
-attachment surface for several structure.
a. Cytoskeleton
-provides shape of the cell
-provides a scaffolding for membrane protein to anchor
-form appendage like organelles that project to the
surface of the cell such as the microvilli and cilia
b. Cell wall
-cellular structure found outside the cell membrane in
certain organisms
-in plants and algae, cell wall is made up of cellulose
-murein (amino acid, sugar, lipids) in bacteria
-chitin in fungi
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Transport
-through exocytosis and
endocytosis, cells take
in or eject specific large
molecules/partcles
across the cell
membrane
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Communication and
Recognition

-identifying cells of like

type during tissue
formation
-to enable immune
system distinguish
between ones cell and
foreign substances
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Signal Reception
-send signal for altering
cell behavior, open
channels, affect metabolic
rate and even cell division

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Selectively allow
substances in and out

-regulate

the
entrance and exit
of ions, nutrients,
etc. into the cell
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Barrier
within

the cytoplasm,
membranes forms
separate compartments
(organelles) in which
specialized activities
occur
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