Khoa

KhoaMi
Mitrng
trng K57
K57KH
KH

Gio vin hng dn: TS. Trn Th Tuyt Thu

Sinh vin thc hin:
1. Phm Th Mai Phng
2. Nguyn Th Tho
3. Nguyn Th Thu
4. Nguyn Thu Trang
5. Nguyn Anh Tun
1

NI DUNG BO CO
1. M u
2. i tng v phng php nghin cu

3. Kt qu nghin cu
4. Kt lun v khuyn ngh

5. Ti liu tham kho

2

1. M U

1.1. Nitrat v nitrit trong rau xanh

NO3- trong rau, c, qu c ngun gc t phn bn ha hc

v sn phm phn hy cc hp cht hu c cha Nit
3

1.2. nh hng nitrat v nitrit n sc kho con ngi

c ch hot ng ca hemoglobin
NO3-

VSV + enzim

NO2-

NO2- + Hemoglobin

Methemoglobin

To nitrosamin hp cht tin ung th

R1

NO2- +

R1

N H = O

NH

R2

R2
N -Nitrosamin

2. I TNG
V PHNG PHP
NGHIN CU

2.1. I TNG V A IM NGHIN CU

i tng nghin cu: 4 loi rau n l
a im ly mu: ch 328, Nguyn Tri, Thanh Xun, H Ni

X lch (Lettuce)

Ci canh (Brassica juncea)

Hnh (Scallion)

Mng ti (Basella alba)

2.2. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

Phng php ly v bo qun mu:

Cc mu rau c bo qun trong 5 ngy 2 iu kin:

iu kin t lnh:

5 6oC

iu kin thng :

22 - 30oC (nhit phng)

Phng php phn tch: Mi mu rau nghin cu u c phn tch

lp li 3 ln. Xc nh NO3- v NO2- trong rau bng phng php so mu
theo tiu chun Vit Nam (TCVN 8742:2011)
Xc nh NO3-: phng php isunphophenic
Xc nh NO2-: phng php Griss

Phng php x l s liu: S liu nghin cu c x l trn phn

mm thng k Excel v SigmaPlot

3. KT QU NGHIN CU
3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

Bin thin hm lng nitrat v nitrit trong rau mng ti

Bin thin hm lng nitrat v nitrit trong hnh l

Bin thin hm lng nitrat v nitrit trong rau ci canh

Bin thin hm lng nitrat v nitrit trong rau x lch
Hm lng nitrat v nitrit trong 4 loi rau

Bng 1: Hm lng nitrat trong 4 loi rau nghin cu

Ly mu rau
T.gian

24h

48h

72h

Mng ti

Hnh l

Ci canh

X lch

Nhit

165.86 13.57

754.97 468.01

1742.72 345.12

559.15 43.16

24 - 30oC

149.02 19.2

561.61 49.2

2457.87 32.05

1287.85 115.07

5 6o C

174.07 96.23

233.31 63.21

2461.97 64.5

440.91 240.56

24 29oC 541.08 47.90

615.80 58.07

2031.32 113.84

997.6 310.50

5 6oC 993.0825 103.7 2122.05 49.31 2376.17 220.80

783.3 203.48

24 28oC

510.70 96.4

1280.87 168.53

622.78 194.93

5 6o C

779.19 76.54

1172.08 155.01

2514.93 21.37

1159.35 390.35

Rau hng

Rau hng

Rau hng

1504.61 78.37

2470.19 55.43

1289.29 237.40

Rau hng

Rau hng

Rau hng

2549.83 9.33

1394.17 118.89

17 20oC 568.59 691.08

96h

5 6o C

139.58 29.26

18 22oC 355.93 188.17

120h

5 6o C

211.01 107.63 1367.49 224.09

Bng 2: Hm lng nitrit trong 4 loi rau nghin cu

Ly mu rau
T.gian

Mng ti

Hnh l

Ci canh

X lch
3.6 0.39

Nhit
24 - 30oC

0.55 0.37

5.58 1.06

0.81 0.75

9.79 0.70

5 6o C

1.92 1.68

7.88 0.73

1.62 0.73

9.07 1.38

24 29oC

1.92 0.00

6.13 0.96

4.36 1.11

11.07 0.39

5 6o C

0.96 0.51

10.22 0.94

0.85 0.098

8.303 0.26

24 28oC

0.53 0.65

0.77 0

7.068 0.82

5 6o C

0.13 0

0.77 0

13.99 0.36

17 20oC

1.21 0.77

Rau hng

Rau hng

Rau hng

5 6o C

1.58 0.37

0.6 0.41

0.62 0.56

6.54 0.52

18 22oC

2.49 0.4

Rau hng

Rau hng

Rau hng

5 6o C

2.21 0.42

9.03 0.62

1.15 0.26

9.5 0.04

24h

48h

72h

96h

120h
10

3.1. Bin thin hm lng nitrat v nitrit trong rau mng ti

mg/kg rau ti

mg/kg rau ti

600

568.59

mg/kg rau ti

mg/kg rau ti

1250

2.5

541.08

500

510.70

TCVN

2.21

2.49

400

1.92

355.93

300

2.5

1.92

779.19
1.58

750

1.5

1.5

500

1.21

200

993.08

1000

165.86

TCVN

0.96

1
149.02
0.55

100

250

0.53

0.5

165.86

211.01

174.07

0.5

139.58
0.13

0.00

Ngy
24h
ly mu

48h

72h
NO3-

NO3-

96h
120h
NO2
NO2-

Hnh 1: Hm lng NO3-, NO2- trong rau mng ti

iu kin thng (22-30oC)

0.00

Ngy
ly mu

24h

48h
NO3NO3-

72h

96h

120h

NO2NO2-

Hnh 2: Hm lng NO3-, NO2- trong rau mng ti

iu kin t lnh (5-6oC)
11

3.2. Bin thin hm lng nitrat v nitrit trong hnh l

mg/kg rau ti

mg/kg rau ti

1400

mg/kg rau ti

mg/kg rau ti

2400

12

1280.87

2122.05

6.13

1200

5.58

10.22

2000

10
9.03

1000

1600

1504.61

7.88

1367.49

800

754.97
615.80
561.61

600

1172.08

1200

TCVN

800

400

754.97

200

0.77

400

TCVN

233.31
0.60

0.00

Ngy ly
mu

24h

48h
NO
NO33

72h
NO
NO22

96h

Hnh 3: Hm lng NO3-, NO2- trong

hnh l iu kin thng (22-30oC)

0.00

Ngy
ly mu

24h

48h
NO3NO3-

72h

96h

120h

NO2NO2-

Hnh 4: Hm lng NO3-, NO2- trong

hnh l iu kin t lnh (5-6oC)
12

3.3. Bin thin hm lng nitrat v nitrit trong rau ci canh

mg/kg rau ti

mg/kg rau ti

3000

2457.87

2500

mg/kg rau ti

3000

1.8

4.5

4.36

4
2031.32

mg/kg rau ti

1.62
2514.93 2470.18 2549.83
2461.97
2376.17

2500

1.6
1.4

3.5

2000

2000
1742.72

1.15

1742.72

1.2
1

1500

2.5

1500

0.85

1000

500

1.5

TCVN

0.62

1000

1
0.81

0.8

0.77

500

0.6
0.4

TCVN

0.5
0

0.00

Ngy ly
mu

24h

48h

NO3NO3-

NO2NO2-

72h

Hnh 5: Hm lng NO3-, NO2- trong rau ci canh

iu kin thng (22-30oC)

0.2
0

0.00
Ngy
24h
ly mu

0
48h

NO3NO3-

72h

96h

120h

NO2NO2-

Hnh 6: Hm lng NO3-, NO2- trong rau ci canh

iu kin t lnh (5-6oC)
13

3.4. Bin thin hm lng nitrat v nitrit trong rau x lch

mg/kg rau ti
2000

mg/kg rau ti
12

mg/kg rau ti

mg/kg rau ti

2000

16

11.07

1750

1750
1500

TCVN

10

9.79

1500
1287.85

TCVN
1394.17

1250

7.07

1159.35

8.30

1000

6.54

750

622.78

559.15
3.62

559.15

500

500

10
8

783.30

750

9.49

9.07

997.60

12

1289.29

1250
1000

14

13.99

440.91
3.62

250

250
0

Ngy
ly mu

24h

48h
NO3NO3-

72h

96h

NO2NO2-

Hnh 7: Hm lng NO3-, NO2- trong rau

x lch iu kin thng (22-30oC)

0
Ngy
24h
ly mu

48h

72h

NO3NO3-

96h

120h

NO2NO2-

Hnh 8: Hm lng NO3-, NO2- trong rau

x lch iu kin t lnh (5-6oC)
14

3.5. Hm lng nitrat v nitrit trong 4 loi rau

120h

120h

96h

96h

72h

72h

48h

48h

24h

24h

Ngy
ly
mu

Ngy
ly
mu

mg/kg rau ti
0
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
X lch
Ci canh
Hnh
Mng ti

mg/kg rau ti
0
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
X lch
Ci canh
Hnh
Mng ti

Hnh 9: Hm lng nitrat trong 4 loi rau Hnh 10: Hm lng nitrat trong 4 loi rau
iu kin t lnh (5-6oC)
iu kin thng (22-30oC)
15

3.5. Hm lng nitrat v nitrit trong 4 loi rau (tip theo)

120h

120h

96h

96h

72h

72h

48h

48h

24h

24h

Ngy
ly
mu

mg/kg rau ti
0

X lch

6
Ci canh

9
Hnh

12

15

Mng ti

Hnh 11: Hm lng nitrit trong 4 loi rau

iu kin t lnh (5-6oC)

Ngy
ly
mu

mg/kg rau ti
0
3
6
X lch Ci canh

9
Hnh

12
15
Mng ti

Hnh 12: Hm lng nitrit trong 4 loi rau

iu kin thng (22-30oC) 16

KT LUN V KHUYN NGH

KT LUN
1)

S tch ly [NO3-] v [NO2-] trong rau sau thu hoch ph

thuc vo nhit v thi gian bo qun:
1)

[NO3-] v [NO2-] tng mnh sau 2 3 ngy bo qun rau

2)

Nhit phng cng cao thi gian bo qun cng ngn

3)

Nhit t lnh (5- 6oC) bo qun c lu hn tch

ly [NO3-] v [NO2-] trong rau ln hn

2)

S bin thin [NO3-] v [NO2-] mnh nht trong rau hnh l

mng ti x lch ci canh.

3)

Hm lng tch ly

1)

[NO3-] nhiu trong rau ci canh > hnh > x lch > mng ti.

2)

[NO2-] nhiu trong rau x lch > hnh > mng ti > ci canh

17

KHUYN NGH
1) Nn s dng cc loi rau n l (hnh, ci canh, x
lch) lun trong ngy. Khng nn s dng rau x lch
qua ngy nhit phng.
2) Ch nn bo qun cc loi rau n l nghin cu
trong t lnh t 1-2 ngy.
3) ti cn c nghin cu m rng a ra
khuyn co s dng cho nhiu loi rau.
4) Nn nghin cu thm hm lng v cc enzim lin
quan n qu trnh chuyn ha Nit trong rau lm c s
gii thch r hn kt qu tch ly [NO3-] v [NO2-] trong rau.

18

TI LIU THAM KHO

1.

TCVN 8742:2011 xc nh nitrat v nitrit bng phng php so mu

2.

L Vn Khoa. Phng php phn tch t, nc phn bn, cy trng.

Nh xut bn gio dc 2000

3.

Quyt nh 99/2008/ Q BNN

4.

Dynamics of nitrate and nitrite content during storage of homemade

and small-scale industrially produced raw vegetable juices and their
dietary intake. Food Additives and Contaminats

5.

Jon O. Lundberg, Eddie Weitzberg, Mark T. Gladwin. The nitrate

nitrite nitric oxide pathway in physiology and therapeutics.

6.

R.B. Waghmare, P.V. Mahajan, U.S. Annapure. Modelling the effect of

time and temperature on respiration rate of selected fresh cut
produce. Postharvest biology and Technology.

7.

Pietrp Santamaria. Nitrate in vegetanles: toxicity, content, intake and

EC regulation. Journal of the Science of food and Agriculture
19

20

21

QUI TRNH THC HIN

22